Chapter II: Part 2

--> _THIS is to give Notice, That on_ TUESDAY _the 27th
Instant, the Bell-Cart will go thro'_ Boston, _to collect
Linnen Rags for_ Milton _Paper-Mill; as the highest Price
will be given, all House-keepers and others are desired to
have them in Readiness.--And, as it appears that all Sorts
of Paper now to be imported, will come at a much higher
Price than usual--if People will but save their Rags, it
will not only be greatly interesting to the Public that the
aforesaid Mill should have a full Supply, but will also
encourage the manufacturing of all such different Sorts of
Paper as are generally used among us, and a little to spare
the neighbouring Governments._

* * * * *

Here are two notices,--the first, nearly eight years before the battle of Lexington, sounds warlike; the second is a call to promote greater economy on the part of the inhabitants.

_Messieurs_ EDES & GILL,

_Please to insert the following in your next._

IT is rumoured, and some say with great Probability, that a
Body of Troops are ordered to be in Readiness at Halifax, to
embark to any Part on the Continent of America, upon the
first Notice of Uneasiness at the Novelties we daily
expect.--It is as certain that America is also in Readiness
to defend their Liberties at the Risque of every Thing
else--there can be no Hesitation whenever the Alternative
shall be Slavery or Death--If therefore they wait to know
whether we will tamely submit to Slavery, the sooner the
Matter is bro't to a Crisis the better.----But while we have
any Opinion of the Integrity and good Sense of the
Parliament of G.B. such Reports will not easily gain Credit.
DETERMINATUS.

* * * * *

The Freeholders and other Inhabitants of this Town, are to
meet at Faneuil-Hall, on Wednesday next, to consider and
agree upon some effectual Measures to promote Industry,
Oeconomy, and Manufactures, thereby to prevent the
unnecessary Importation of European Commodities, which
threaten the Country with Poverty and Ruin, &c.----

* * * * *

Timothy Pickering, the father of the distinguished Revolutionary officer and statesman of the same name, addressed an open letter to King George III., which is printed in the "Salem Gazette," Oct. 31, 1769. It is a very quaint production, but it shows the writer's love of simplicity and downright honesty. He was a sturdy Puritan.

"Oct. 31, 1769.

"TO THE KING OF GREAT BRITAIN.

"GREAT SIR,--Your Kingdom is like a House divided against
itself. Something Extraordinary must be done. Our
Parliaments for fifty years past (or some of them) have
ruined the Nation, in making a monstrous Debt by hiring
Money, while greater Sums have been expended in Pride and
Luxury. Thirteen hundred Thousand Pounds Sterling, the
Public Prints tell us, is paid annually to the Dutch as
Interest money. My Advice is that all Rulers and Officers,
who have high Salaries, drop them, except so much as is
necessary for plain Living;--(Samuel had more Honour in his
plain Living with his upright Mind, than Saul had in all his
Princely Grandeur,)--And that all unnecessary Pensions cease
together with military Officers half-pay, (How Unequal are
our Ways: These Officers must have large Half-Pay, while the
common Soldiers are not allowed small Half-Pay--who have
been exposed generally to greater Hardships than their
Officers. Either let all have Half-Pay or none. The Soldiers
are to be respected as well as their Officers and are as
necessary,) and that high Taxes _very high_ be laid on all
Pride and Luxury, wherever it is found, the Clergy and the
Women not excepted; And that great Taxes be laid on the
Rich. I have an Income of but about eighty Pounds Sterling a
Year, including my own Hands Labour, nevertheless I am
freely willing to pay one quarter Part of it in Taxes till
my Public Debts are paid. Others that have Two hundred a
Year, can with Ease pay one half of it in Taxes, if need be.
_Pay thy Debts_; Owe no man anything is Law, _Divine and
Moral_. Immoral Men are in the road that leads to Hell; if
they attend Public Worship, they are Hypocrites, like the
Scribes and Pharisees, of whom _Christ_ said, Ye are of your
Father the Devil. If I understand the Apostle, when such Men
sit or kneel at a Communion Table, it is a Table of Devils
to them. Pray, Sir, tell your Placemen that the vast
Multitude of your Subjects are very uneasy that so much of
the Public Money, when raised is sunk in the Gulph of
Exhorbitancy. My Governor, Mr. Francis Bernard, demands a
thousand Pounds Sterling a Year; one half that Sum is more
than Enough, especially as the Nation is ready to sink with
the Weight of its Public Debt. The _Clergy_ can tell their
Congregations that the New Testament rather reproves than
commands the wearing of costly Array and faring sumptuously
every Day; And I may venture to tell my Readers that all
those who neglect taking a conscientious care to pay their
Debts, private Debts, as well as public, are in the high Way
to Destruction; the commonness of the Sin don't abate the
Malignity of it.

P.S. Your Majesty sees how diligent Governor Nehemiah was in
reforming what was amiss in Israel. He was obliged indeed to
contend with the Nobles and the Rulers who opposed him, but
he subdued them, and no wonder! Because he feared God and
not Man.

From a loyal Subject of my King and a sincere Friend to his
Kingdom.

TIMOTHY PICKERING.

Mr. Pickering wrote a letter to his son, while the latter was a student at Harvard College, requesting him not to play at cards, a practice which he regarded as wicked. But the son (Colonel Timothy Pickering afterwards), as Mr. Upham, his biographer, well remarks, was altogether too busy with his studies to waste time over cards.

* * * * *

We do not observe in the old papers much that would indicate a belief in modern Spiritualism; but it would seem from some accounts that "angels" were occasionally seen. In the cases we quote, the kind of "angels" is not stated. Whether they were real live beauties, or not, can only be conjectured. Who would not now like to buy one of these books at "four Coppers," so as to read all about these angels?

_THIS DAY PRINTED._

(And Sold by _Green & Russel_, in Queen-Street,)

A True & wounderful Relation of the Appearance of THREE
ANGELS, (cloathed in White Raiment) to a young Man at
_Medford_, near _Boston_, in _New-England_, on the 4th of
_February_ 1761, at Night. Together with the Substance of
the DISCOURSE, delivered by one of the Angels, from the 3d
Chapter of _Colossians_, and 4th Verse.

[Price only four Coppers.]

--> Good Allowance to those that purchase by the Dozen.

_Boston Gazette_, Feb. 18, 1761.

* * * * *

About this time, also, "angels" made their appearance "at home" (England), as will be seen by another notice from the same paper.

* * * * *

This Day Published,

(_And Sold by_ Fowle & Draper, _in_ Marlboro'-Street.)

A full Relation of the surprizing Appearance of an Angel, in
the Parish-Church of Gainsbury in Lincolnshire, on
Christmas-Day last, in the Morning.--From whom was obtained
a Prophecy of many Things that should come to pass in
Europe; but more especially in England and France:--The
first of which Kingdoms is threatened with several Judgments
on Account of their great Misimprovement of peculiar
Priviledges: Whilst the latter, notwithstanding their
Endeavours to become great, shall be totally destroy'd by
Discord among themselves, &c. &c. The whole being a loud
Call to Repentance.--Published at the Request of the
Parishioners, and attested to by two Ministers, and three
Esquires.

1761.

* * * * *

In the "Boston Post-Boy" for Dec. 12, 1763, is an account of the dedication of the Synagogue in Newport, R.I.

_NEWPORT, December 5._

_On Friday last, in the Afternoon, was the Dedication of the
new Synagogue, in this Town. It began by a handsome
Procession, in which were carried the Books of the Law, to
be deposited in the Ark. Several Portions of Scripture, and
of their Service, with a Prayer for the Royal Family, were
read, and finely sung by the Priest and People. There were
present many Gentlemen and Ladies. The Order and Decorum,
the Harmony and Solemnity of the Musick, together with a
handsome Assembly of People, in an Edifice the most perfect
of the Temple Kind perhaps in America, and splendidly
illuminated, could not but raise in the Mind a faint Idea of
the Majesty and Grandeur of the antient Jewish Worship
mentioned in Scripture._

* * * * *

We find by the "Salem Mercury" of March 30, 1789, that New Hackensack was fifty or sixty years before Rochester in "rappings" and "table-tippings." Who shall say that these manifestations, whatever they are, are not as old as man himself? The best and wisest of us do not know everything. There may be some science, yet in its infancy, which will some day be explained, so that all these things will then be perfectly understood. The account here given has no appearance of deception. Had the girl lived a hundred years earlier, she would in all probability have been hanged for a witch; but had she lived in these days, she might have reaped a harvest from lectures and séances.

PHILADELPHIA, March 10.

_Extract of a letter from a gentleman at Fishkill, dated
March 3, 1789._

"Were I to relate the many extraordinary accounts of the
unfortunate girl at New-Hackensack, your belief might,
perhaps, be staggered. I shall therefore only inform you of
what I was an eyewitness to. Last Sunday afternoon myself
and wife went to Dr. Thorn's, and after sitting sometime, we
heard a knocking under the feet of a young woman that lives
in the family; I asked the Doctor what occasioned the
noise--he could not tell, but replied, that he, together
with several others had examined the house, but were unable
to discover the cause. I then took a candle, and went with
the girl into the cellar--there the knocking also continued;
but as we were ascending the stairs to return, I heard a
prodigious rapping on each side, which alarmed me very much.
I stood still some time looking around with amazement, when
I beheld some lumber, which lay at the head of the stairs,
shake considerably. About eight or ten days after, we
visited the girl again--the knocking still continued, though
much louder. Our curiosity induced us to pay the third
visit, when the phenomena were still more alarming. I then
saw the chairs move; a large dining table was thrown against
me, and a small stand on which stood a candle, was tossed
up, and thrown in my wife's lap; after which we left the
house, much surprised at what we had seen."

* * * * *

Advertisements for runaway slaves are very numerous, as well as offers for the sale of single slaves. In some instances negro children are "to be given away." The following notices are taken from the "Boston Gazette" and the "Boston Post-Boy." The descriptions of dress, personal appearance, etc., are very curious.

RAN away from _Thomas Poynton_ of _Salem_, a Negro Fellow,
about 25 Years of Age, a short thick-set Fellow, not very
black, something pitted with the Small-Pox, speaks bad
English: Had on when he went away, a dark colour'd Cloth
Coat, lined with red Shalloon, with Mettal Buttons, a blue
Sailor's Jacket, and a flowered German Serge Jacket, black
knit Breeches, a Pair grey Stockings newly stock'd, an old
Beaver Hatt, and an old Drab Great Coat: Any Person that
shall take up said Negro, and convey him to _Salem_, or
secure him in any Gaol shall be well rewarded, and all
necessary Charges paid.

N.B. All Masters of Vessels and others are cautioned against
harbouring, concealing or carrying off the said Negro, as
they would avoid the Rigour of the Law. THOMAS POYNTON.

_Gazette_, Feb. 4, 1766.

* * * * *

To be given away,

A Male Negro Child of a good Breed, and in good Health.
Inquire of Green and Russell.

_Post-Boy_, Feb. 28, 1763.

* * * * *

TO BE SOLD.

A young Negro Woman about 20 Years of Age, born in this
Country, possess'd of many good Qualifications, is a very
good COOK, can handle her Needle well, and do every Kind of
Business about House, and sold only for want of Employ.
Enquire of Green & Russell.

--> She will not be sold out of this Town.

_Post-Boy_, Feb. 28, 1763.

* * * * *

RAN away from his Master, _John Amiel_ of _Boston_, last
Thursday Night, a Negro Fellow named _Peer_, he had on when
he went away a cloth colour'd Coat, lin'd and trim'd with
red, a black broad cloth Waistcoat without sleeves, a yellow
pair of leather Breeches, a large pair of silver Buckels, and
a good Beaver Hat; he is a thick set Fellow, has very large
Feet and Legs, and speaks good _French_ and _English_.
Whoever will apprehend the said Negro and bring him to his
Master in _Boston_, shall have TWO DOLLARS Reward, and all
necessary Charges paid by _John Amiel._

All Masters of Vessels and others, are hereby forbid to
harbour, conceal or carry off said Negro Servant, as they
would avoid the penalty of the Law.

_Boston, May 2._

_Post-Boy_, May 10, 1763.

* * * * *

TO BE SOLD

A Negro Woman, about Twenty Eight Years of Age; she is
remarkably healthy, and strong, and several other good
Qualities; and is offer'd to Sale, for no other reason, than
her being of a furious Temper, and somewhat lazy; smart
Discipline, would make her a very good Servant. Any Person
minded to Purchase, may be further inform'd by enquiring of
the Printers.

_Gazette_, May 12, 1760.

* * * * *

_Newport, Rhode-Island, August 28, 1767._

Ran-away from _Benjamin Brenton_, a short thick Negro Man
named LONDON, has lost his Toes off both Feet. Whoever
brings said Negro to his Master, shall have EIGHT DOLLARS
Reward, and all Charges paid.

_Boston Gazette._

* * * * *

Boston, for aught we know, did as much in the slave-trade as Newport; possibly more. The numerous advertisements of "Prime Men and Boys" and "Parcels of likely Negroes" which appear about this time in the Boston papers rather indicate a considerable trade in slaves.

JUST IMPORTED AND TO BE SOLD BY
John Rowe,
AT HIS STORE,

A few likely Negro Boys, and two Negro Men between 20 and 30
Years of Age. Also, Newcastle Coals, Lisbon and Salterduda
Salt, A few Pipes of MADEIRA WINES, also Fyal Wines, Quart
Bottles by the Groce--Hemp--Russia and Ravens Duck--English Duck
of all Numbers--Cordage Anchors--Oznabrigs--Ticklenburgs--Hooks
and Lines--Newcastle Crown Glass of all Sizes and in Sheets--ALSO,
Bristol Glass of all Sizes--All Sorts of Nails--Scotch Snuff,
and a variety of English and Scots Manufactures.

_Boston Post-Boy_, Dec. 19, 1763.

* * * * *

Just Imported from _Africa_,
And to be Sold cheap at No. 5 _Butler's_ Row.

A few prime Men and Boys Slaves from the Gold Coast.

* * * * *

TO BE SOLD,

A Parcel of likely Negroes, imported from _Africa_, Cheap
for Cash or Credit with Interest; enquire of _John Avery_ at
his House, next Door to the white Horse, or at a Store
adjoining to said _Avery's_ Distill House, at the South End,
near the South Market:--Also if any Persons have any Negroe
Men, strong and hearty, tho' not of the best moral
character, which are proper Subjects for Transportation, may
have an Exchange for small Negroes.

_Boston Gazette_, 1763

* * * * *

JUST Imported,

From _AFRICA_.

A Number of prime young _SLAVES_, from the Windward Coast,
and to be Sold on board Capt. _Gwin_ lying at New-Boston.

_Boston Gazette_, July 13, 1761.

* * * * *

To be sold, a parcel of likely hearty Negroes, both Male and
Female from Ten Years of Age to Twenty, imported the last
Week from _AFRICA_. Enquire of Capt. _Wickham_ on board the
Sloop _Diamond_, now laying at the Wharff adjoining to JOHN
AVERY'S Distill-House near the South Market, or of said
_Avery_ at his House next the White Horse.

We have not been able to find that any of the inhabitants of Salem engaged in the slave-trade; but we notice that at a town-meeting held in the month of May, 1773, the following vote was passed: "That the Representatives of the Town be instructed to use their utmost Endeavours to prevent the future Importation of Negroes into this Province; their Slavery being repugnant to the natural Rights of Mankind and highly prejudicial to the Province." It is of course possible that some Salem people may have been interested in vessels hailing from other places and engaged in this nefarious traffic, as it is now considered.

* * * * *

Arrival of Irish servants at Boston in 1769.

_Arrived from IRELAND,_

THE Ship King of Prussia, ARTHUR DARLEY, master, has on
board 30 Servants, some Tradesmen, viz. Taylors,
Shoe-makers, Smiths, Weavers, &c. the remainder Country lads
that understand Farming business.----His stay here will be
short, as he is bound to another Port.

_Boston Chronicle_, September 25.

* * * * *

The celebrated revival preacher Rev. George Whitefield was in Boston in 1764. We take the following item from the "Boston Post-Boy" of February 24:--

At a Meeting of the Freeholders and other Inhabitants of the
Town of Boston on Friday last, it was voted unanimously,
That the Thanks of the Town be given the Rev. Mr. GEORGE
WHITEFIELD, for his charitable Care and Pains in collecting
a considerable Sum of Money in Great-Britain, for the
distressed Sufferers by the great Fire in Boston, 1760; and
a respectable Committee was appointed to wait on Mr.
WHITEFIELD to inform him of the Vote, and present him with a
Copy thereof, which Committee waited upon him accordingly,
and received the following Answer,

_Gentlemen,_

_This Vote of Thanks for so small an Instance of my
good-will to_ Boston, _as it was entirely unexpected, quite
surprizes me----Often have I been much concerned that I
could do no more upon such a distressing Occasion.----That
the Redeemer may ever preserve the Town from such like
melancholy Events, and sanctify their present afflictive
Circumstances to the spiritual Welfare of all its
Inhabitants, is the hearty Prayer of,_

Gentlemen,
Your ready Servant in our common LORD.
_GEORGE WHITEFIELD._

The Rev. Mr. WHITEFIELD preached on Tuesday and Saturday
last, at the Old South Meeting-House, to large and crouded
Auditories.

* * * * *

Marriage of Copley, the celebrated painter, from the "Chronicle," Nov. 20, 1769.

Last Thursday Mr. _John Singleton Copley_ was married to
Miss _Sukey Clarke_ Daughter of _Richard Clarke_, Esq; and
Mr. _Joshua Henshaw_, jun. to Miss _Katherine Hill_,
Daughter of Col. _John Hill_.

* * * * *

Thomas Britt

Would take a few young Ladies, _&c._ to teach them Spelling,
Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic, at his School near the
Cornfield. ALSO, French taught and translated by said
_Britt_.

_Boston Gazette_, April 27, 1767.

* * * * *

Where were or where was, as the case might be, the "Cornfields" or "Cornfield" of Boston in 1763? Martin Gay kept a store or lived near there, and in 1767 Master Britt kept a school for young ladies near the "Cornfield."

Choice English Peas

at the North-Mills, TO BE SOLD, by the larger or smaller
Quantity, at a low Rate, Enquire of _William Paine_ at said
Mills, or of _Martin Gay_, near the Cornfields, _Boston_.

Dec. 12, 1763.

* * * * *

When we remember the old pictures and portraits of stately ladies with high headdresses and gentlemen with wigs, the following advertisements are interesting:--

Joshua Davis, _Peruke-Maker_.

HEREBY informs his Customers, and others, That he has
Remov'd his Shop from the Head of the Long Wharf, next the
Crown Coffee House, to the first Shop in Mackrell Lane, next
the Bunch of Grapes Tavern, where they may be serv'd with
Fidelity and Dispatch.

--> Said _Davis_ makes the neatest and most fashionable
Wiggs, at a moderate Rate.

_Boston Gazette_, Feb. 18, 1761.

* * * * *

A genteel Gold Watch, made by _Marmaduke Storr_, to be Sold,
inquire of the Printers.
Sept. 14, 1761.

* * * * *

A few Genteel Grey and light Grey London-made WIGS, to be
sold by JOHN CROSBY, Periwig Maker near the Sign of the
Lamb, also Wig-makers Ribbons, Silk and Cauls, Bodyed
Grizle, and Grizle Hairs for cut Wigs, Bleach'd, Tye and
Brown Spencer Hairs, white Goat Hairs, white, black, and
brown Horse Hairs, Moy Crown Hairs, Cards and Brushes,
drawing Cards and Brushes, best Razors, purple Thread, Tupee
Irons, & Curling Tongs, Tupee Combs in Cases, Wig Blocks,
Silk Puffs, Hair, Powder, Shaving Boxes, & Brushes, wash
Ball Boxes, and wash Balls, London black Balls with Printed
directions, to use them very Nice, black Sattin Baggs for
the Hair, white, black, yellow; & Bear Grees, Pomatum
Excellent with their use to make Hair of a good Colour, & to
grow thicker, Gold & Silver Powders (so called) to clean
Gold and Silver Lace & Embroaderry.

_Boston Post-Boy_, Dec. 12, 1763.

* * * * *

At fires, leather buckets were used by the inhabitants, and were sometimes lost or misplaced, as appears from the following advertisements from the "Boston Gazette":--

LOST at the late Fire on the 5th of November Inst. a Leather
Bucket, No. 2, mark'd _Wm. Hickling_: Whoever is taken up
the same, are desir'd to return it to the Owner, or the
Printers hereof.

* * * * *

_LOST at the Fire near Oliver's-Dock, on the 14th Day of
November last, a Pair of Leather Fire Buckets, mark'd_
Benj^a. Barnard, _and dated 1757. Whoever will give
Information, or bring them to the Printers hereof, shall be
handsomely Rewarded._

Dec. 10, 1759.

Within the writer's recollection, in nearly every house in Salem two or more fire-buckets, marked with the owner's name, were, when not in use, kept hanging in the front hall. At fires, lanes, as they were called, of men were formed, under the direction generally of the fire-wards, and water was passed from one to another and to the fire from some neighboring pump or cistern.

* * * * *

We see notices like the following of insurance offices; but they were principally for marine risks, as not many fire risks were taken before the beginning of the present century.

_Hurd's_ Insurance-Office,

At the BUNCH OF GRAPES, STATE-STREET,
BOSTON,

OPEN at all hours of business, where Policies of Insurance
are underwritten upon the most moderate premiums; and the
Gentlemen forming this Insurance Company, whose names are
inserted in each Policy, having established adequate Funds
for the ready payment of such losses as may happen, hereby
notify, that business will be done with all possible
attention, dispatch and punctuality, by

JOHN HURD,

April 8, 1784. (Insurance Broker.)

* * * * *

THIS is to inform all Gentlemen in Trade,
That

THE INSURANCE OFFICE

Lately kept in Ann-Street near the Town-Dock, by SAMUEL
PHILLIPS SAVAGE, is removed to the House of the Honorable
WILLIAM BRATTLE, Esq; next Door to the British Coffee-House,
King-Street: Where the Business of Insurance is carried on
as usual.

_Boston, December 6, 1759._

With regard to policies, the term "under-writer" came from an old custom. There were in old times no joint-stock companies for insurance, but policies were filled out and left at an office kept by some person for the purpose, where any responsible man could sign his name to a particular policy and affix such sum as he was willing to risk, and thus become one of the "underwriters." We have seen, for instance, a policy for $20,000 with twelve or fifteen names of merchants, signed with various sums from $500 upwards.

* * * * *

A quaint notice of the death of Obadiah Brown, of Providence, from the "Boston Post-Boy":--

_PROVIDENCE, June 21, 1762._

ON Thursday last died at his Seat in the Country, after two
Days Illness, OBADIAH BROWN, Esq; in the 50th Year of his
Age. He was one of the most considerable Men in this Town:
In the various Branches of Business which he carried on, his
Activity was unequalled, his Judgment and Prudence oftener
admired than imitated, his Honesty and Integrity fit to be
drawn into Example.--As a Magistrate, he was judicious,
grave, and reserved:--As a Friend, constant, open,
facetious, and cheerful:--In the Relations of a Husband,
Father, and Master, the deep and real Sorrow of his Widow,
the mournful Tears of his Children, and the unusual Cries
and Lamentations of his Servants, are invincible Proofs in
his Favour. His Beneficence is witnessed by the Sighs of the
Poor and Thanks of the Tradesmen: And his Death is
universally lamented, because his Life was universally
useful.

* * * * *

Notice of Hon. Daniel Russell, from the "Boston Gazette":--

_Charlestown, December 10, 1763._

ON Tuesday last departed this Life, after a short Illness,
the Hon. DANIEL RUSSELL, Esq; who, for upwards of Twenty
Years, was a Member of his Majesty's Council for this
Province: He also served the Province as Commissioner of
Impost, and the County of Middlesex as Treasurer, for more
than fifty Years; in the Discharge of all which Offices,
such was his conscientious Fidelity and unsullied Integrity,
as procured him universal Approbation and Esteem.

In public and private Life, his whole Conduct was such as
evidently showed his invariable desire and endeavour to
preserve a Conscience void of Offence both towards God and
Man; and by the Rectitude of his Behaviour, to adorn and
recommend the holy Religion which he professed, and to
approve himself to the all-searching Eye of the Father of
Spirits.

His Memory is greatly honoured by all who were acquainted
with him, in whose esteem he was truly that "noblest Work of
God, _An honest Man_."

It is observable that in the several Offices which he
sustained, he succeeded his worthy Father and Grandfather;
both of whom held and discharged the same, for a great
Number of Years, with unspotted Reputation.

His Remains, we hear, will be inter'd on Monday next, on
which Day, had he lived, he would have entered the 79th Year
of his Age.

"The sweet Remembrance of the just
"Shall flourish when he sleeps in dust."

* * * * *

Account of the burial of Major-General Whitmore, from the "Boston Gazette":--

BOSTON, _December 21, 1761_.

Wednesday afternoon the Corps of Major General WHITMORE was
interred in the King's Chapple with all the Honours that
this Town could give. The Procession went from the
Town-House to the King's Chapple in the following Manner; A
Party of the Troop of Horse Guards, the Company of Cadets,
the Officers of the Regiment of Militia, the officiating
Ministers, the Corps, the Pall supported by six regular
Officers, the chief Mourners, the Governor and Lieut.
Governor, the Council, the Judges, Justices, Ministers, and
principal Gentlemen of the Town, a great Number of Coaches
and Chariots following. During the whole Procession
Minute-Guns were fired. The Corps was placed in the Middle
of the King's Chapple whilst Part of the Funeral Service was
performed, and was from thence carried into the Vaults
below, and there interred. Whilst the last Service was
performing the Cadets fired three Vollies.

* * * * *

Notice of Hon. John Erving, from the "Massachusetts Gazette," Aug. 22, 1786:--

Died, last Sunday morning, in the 94th year of his age, the
Hon. JOHN ERVING, Esq. who, for twenty years, was a member
of the Council under the old constitution, and one of the
most eminent merchants in America.

As a man of probity, and strict honesty, he was universally
esteemed. Those who were acquainted with his character must
regret the loss of so worthy a member of the community. In
his domestick life he was a tender parent and kind
master.----His funeral will be this afternoon, precisely at
five o'clock, from his house in Tremont-street, where his
friends and acquaintance are desired to attend.

* * * * *

Notice of the death of Mrs. Elizabeth Salisbury, from the "Massachusetts Centinel," March 28, 1789:--

_Last Wednesday night departed this life, very suddenly,
Mrs._ ELIZABETH SALISBURY, _the amiable and virtuous Consort
of Mr. Samuel Salisbury of this town, merchant. Her funeral
will be from his house in Marlborough-street, this
afternoon--which her friends are desired to attend._

* * * * *

From the "Boston Chronicle," March 8, 1770:--

BOSTON.

For some days bye-past, there have been several affrays
between the inhabitants and the soldiers quartered in this
town.

Last Monday about 9 o'clock at night a most unfortunate
affair happened in King-street: The centinel posted at the
Custom-house, being surrounded by a number of people, called
to the main-guard, upon which Capt. Preston, who was Captain
of the day, with a party, went to his assistance: soon after
which some of the party fired, by which the following
persons were killed and wounded,

Mr. Samuel Gray, ropemaker, killed.--A Mollatto man, named
Johnson, killed.--Mr. James Caldwell, mate of Capt. Morton's
vessel, killed.--Mr. Samuel Maverick, wounded, and since
dead.--A Lad named Christopher Monk, wounded.--A lad named
John Clark, wounded.--Mr. Edward Payne, Merchant, standing
at his entry-door, wounded in the arm.--Mr. John Greene,
taylor, wounded.--Mr. Patrick Cole, wounded.--David Parker,
wounded.

Early next morning Captain Preston was committed to gaol,
and same day 8 soldiers.

A meeting of the inhabitants was called at Fanueil-hall that
forenoon: and the Lieutenant-Governor and Council met at the
Council-chamber, where the Colonels Dalrymple and Carr were
desired to attend, when it was concluded upon, that both
regiments should go down to the barracks at Castle-William,
as soon as they were ready to receive them.

_We decline at present, giving a more particular account of
this unhappy affair, as we hear the trial of the unfortunate
prisoners is to come on next week._

This is all the "Boston Chronicle" has to say about that great historical event of the fifth of March, an event which stirred the whole country and filled the minds of the Colonists with a perfect hatred of the British power in America,--"The Boston Massacre." The editor of the paper was probably a Tory.

* * * * *

The "Massachusetts Gazette," Feb. 3, 1774, says:--

We hear that the Hon. JOHN HANCOCK, Esq; is appointed to
deliver the ORATION in Commemoration of the Bloody Tragedy
on the 5th of March.

* * * * *

The "Salem Gazette" has this item, March 7, 1782:--

Last Tuesday Mr. George R. Minot delivered an elegant and
spirited Oration, at the old brick meeting-house, in
commemoration of the horrid massacre perpetrated on the 5th
of March, 1770, by a banditti of the British tyrant's 29th
regiment.

* * * * *

It may not be of any consequence to the public to know what kind of coat Jonathan Williams wore in 1767, but it may be a matter of curiosity to his descendants now living. We take the following advertisement from the "Boston Gazette," Dec. 28, 1767:--

Whereas there has been taken out of the House of _Jonathan
Williams_ in Cornhill, two Great Coats, on the 23d Instant,
one of his own Wearing a cloth-coloured Drab; the other his
Servants, a blue Cloth ditto. Whoever has taken them, and
will return the former to said _Williams_, shall have the
latter _gratis_, and no Questions ask'd.

* * * * *

Notice.

Frequent applications being made to the Town-Cryer, to
proceed through the streets in search of Children that have
strayed from their home, which practice often excites
unnecessary alarm to the inhabitants.

The public are respectfully desired, in case of any
discovery of a child, or children so lost or strayed, to
bring them immediately to the subscriber at No. 71, Newbury
street.--By an attention to this regulation, Parents and
friends may have their anxiety relieved by applying as
above.

SAMUEL ADAMS, _Town-Cryer_.

_Constitutional Telegraph_, Aug. 8, 1800.

* * * * *

Masonic notice from Paul Revere and others, from the "Boston Post-Boy."

NOTICE is hereby given to the Brethren of the Antient and
Honorable Society of FREE AND ACCEPTED MASONS, That the
Feast of St. JOHN the BAPTIST will be Celebrated by the
Brethren of St. ANDREW'S Lodge, (duly authoriz'd,
constituted and appointed to be held at _Boston_, by the
Right Honorable, JOHN LORD ABERDOUR, Grand Master of
_Scotland_) on Thursday the 24th Instant, at the
Royal-Exchange Tavern in King-Street, Tickets to be had of

JOSEPH WEBB, jun.
_Boston, June 14, 1762._ PHILLIP LEWIS,
PAUL REVERE.

* * * * *

The house of Copley, the celebrated painter, is thus advertised:--

_To be LET, and entered on immediately,_

THAT elegant, convenient, and most pleasantly situated
DWELLING-HOUSE, with a large Garden, and other Land about
it, (near his Excellency the Governour's) belonging to Mr.
COPLEY; well known to be completely accommodated for a
genteel family. Inquire of CHARLES PELHAM, (at the late
Dwelling-House of Mrs. PELHAM, at New-Boston) he being
impowered to let it.

_May 16, 1789._

_Massachusetts Centinel._

* * * * *

Antique luxuries.

WANTED, the following, viz. Fifteen Pair of WOOD DUCKS, Four
Pair of WILD GEESE, Three Pair of FLYING SQUIRRELS, Three
Dozen of the smallest Size Terrapeins or fresh Water
TURTLES, for which a good PRICE will be given, or for any
Part of them.----Enquire of the Printer.

_Essex Gazette_, Feb. 21, 1771.

* * * * *

We do not see much in the papers about spinning-wheels until after the War of the Revolution; then there seemed to be what may be called a revival of domestic industry. In 1786 the ladies of Hartford, Conn., formed an Economical Association. They say that they are "fully sensible that our calamities are in a great measure occasioned by the luxury and extravagance of individuals, and are of opinion that it is a duty they owe their country as well as their families to retrench as far as possible all unnecessary expenses." Their articles of agreement were signed, on the 6th of November, 1786, by more than a hundred ladies belonging to the first families in the city. By these articles they engage "not to purchase for next six months any Gauze, Ribbons, Lace, Feathers, Beaver-Hats, Silks, Muslins, and Chintzes, except only for weddings and mourning;" also to "dress their persons in the plainest manner and encourage industry, frugality, and neatness, giving all due preference to the manufactures of their own country." To this they add that "when they receive visits and make entertainments, it will be their study to avoid unnecessary expense, especially on foreign articles." On June 17 of that year the President of Harvard College addressed a letter to the "Massachusetts Gazette" which is interesting in this connection. This letter we copy to show how economy entered into everything, even a "liberal education." It will moreover be of interest because of the attempt made to regulate the students' dress.

UNIVERSITY IN CAMBRIDGE,
JUNE 17, 1786.

_To the Publisher of the Massachusetts_ Gazette.

EVERY proper attempt of the Governours of the University to
lessen the expense of a liberal education must be grateful
to the Publick, and meet with their hearty concurrence; the
Members of the Community, therefore, in general, and the
Parents and Guardians of the Students in particular, it is
not doubted, will be well pleased with some late
regulations, made by the Corporation and Overseers, to
introduce economy in dress, and will readily perform their
part, in carrying them into effect.

By ordering an uniform, the Governours of the Society have
removed the temptation to that frequent change of apparel,
which may have arisen from the liberty the Students have
had, of chusing different colours, from time to time: And by
entirely prohibiting silk (an unnecessary article in their
clothing) a very considerable expense is prevented.

That the dress of the Students be neat and decent is highly
proper; but that it should be very ornamental and expensive
is ever needless, and oftentimes pernicious: Nor will any
Student, who is solicitous to acquire knowledge, and
sincerely disposed to improve his time to the best
advantage, in obtaining such degrees of it, as may enable
him to be extensively useful to the Community, feel a
reluctance to economical institutions respecting dress. He
will not only esteem the ornaments of the mind of vastly
higher importance than those of the body, but the general
good will also constantly influence his conduct; and he will
chearfully encourage every regulation, which tends to
promote frugality.

The regulations referred to, I now transmit to you, which
the Corporation and Overseers of the University request you
to publish, for the information of all concerned.

I am, Sir, your humble servant,

JOSEPH WILLARD.

* * * * *

_At a Meeting of the_ CORPORATION, _&c._
JUNE 13, 1786.

WHEREAS the enjoining of an uniform colour, in the clothing
of the Undergraduates, and prohibiting a certain species of
materials, in their apparel, will have a great tendency to
lessen the expense of dress (which, at present, constitutes
too large a proportion of the Collegiate charges) while, at
the same time, the appearance will be more academical:

_Voted_, That it be recommended, that the Freshmen, who
shall be admitted into the University the present year,
before the end of the Summer Vacation, be provided with
coats of blue-gray, being a mixture of deep blue and white
wool, as nearly as may be, seven eighths of the blue, and
one eighth of the white, or, if that cannot conveniently be
obtained, of a dark blue colour,--and with waistcoats and
breeches of the same colour, or of a straw colour.

That, when they shall procure clothes, afterwards, and while
Undergraduates, their coats shall be of the colour first
mentioned, and their waistcoats and breeches of the same
colour, or of a straw colour.

That the Freshmen, who shall be admitted into the University
in the year 1787, and afterwards, shall be provided with
coats of the colour first mentioned, and with waistcoats and
breeches as last mentioned, and shall continue provided with
clothes of these specified colours while they remain
Undergraduates.

That all, who shall hereafter be admitted, when they
commence Sophimores, shall have the addition of frogs to the
button holes of their coats, the cuff of the sleeve to be
plain.

That when they commence Junior Sophisters, their coats shall
have the further addition of frogs on the
button-side,--continuing the plain cuff; and they shall also
provide themselves with black gowns, having a close sleeve
and slit cuff, to be made according to the direction of the
Corporation.

That, when they commence Senior Sophisters, they shall have
the further addition of buttons and frogs to the cuff of
their coat, and shall also have black gowns, with a wide
sleeve,--the mode to be determined by the Corporation.

That when they are admitted to the Bachelor's degree, they
shall appear in like gowns and clothes as are prescribed for
the Senior Sophisters.

That the Seniors and Juniors shall wear their black gowns,
on all publick occasions, and whenever they shall publickly
declaim in the Chapel.

That no Undergraduate, to whom these injunctions may extend,
be permitted to appear within the limits of the College, or
town of Cambridge, in any other dress than is before
described, unless he has on a night gown, or an outside
garment be necessary over his coat.

That no part of the dress of the Undergraduates be made of
silk;--and that it be recommended to them, to clothe
themselves in home manufactures, as far as may be.

That these regulations be extended to all who shall
hereafter be admitted into the University;--and that it be
recommended to such as are already Members, to conform
thereto, upon principles of economy, as far as may consist
with their present supply of clothing.

* * * * *

UNIVERSITY _in Cambridge, June 12, 1786_.

CANDIDATES for their second degree, at the next
Commencement, are notified, that it is expected that they
give their attendance at the University by the 12th day of
July; and if any should not attend by that time, they will
not receive their degree this year, unless they give
sufficient reasons for their absence.

They who desire admission into the University this year, are
also notified, that the President and Tutors will attend the
business of examination on Friday and Saturday, the 21st and
22d of July.

JOSEPH WILLARD, President.

* * * * *

In 1788 the industry of the people of Providence, R.I., is set forth in the following notice, from the "Salem Mercury" of November 25:

AMERICAN MANUFACTURES.

A Providence paper informs, that the Carding and Spinning
Machines used in England in manufacturing cotton stuffs, are
introducing into that town by some publick spirited
gentlemen--and that there are few families in that town
which are not manufacturing some kind of cloth.

* * * * *

It appears from the "Columbian Centinel," July 14, 1790, that the wealthy of that day had a fondness for foreign articles.

Complaint is very prolifick in all countries. In the United
States we complain, that,

_Tho' rich at home, to foreign lands we stray,
And trade for trinkets our best wealth away._

* * * * *

The following advertisement from the "Massachusetts Centinel" recalls the time when cows were pastured on Boston Common.

STRAYED, on Saturday last, from Boston Common, and belonging
to JONATHAN AMORY, a young red COW, with some white on the
back and belly, forehead white, small horns, with the tips
off. Whoever will bring her to the owner will be rewarded.

_Boston, May 24, 1788._

* * * * *

People were expected to have long memories in old times, judging from the following notification in the "Boston Gazette" of 1760:--

WHEREAS on the 17th of January 1740-1, twenty-seven yards
and an half of yard-wide sheeting linnen, and some smaller
articles, was sold at Mr. _James Gordon's_ shop in _Boston_,
and deliver'd to one capt. _Stevens_, as appears by said
_Gordon's_ book; and thro' some mistake in keeping his
books, said articles are charg'd to another of the same
name. If therefore the said capt. _Stevens_, that really had
said goods, or any of his family, or others, can give any
light into the matter, it is desired they would acquaint the
printers hereof, and they shall be generously recompenced
for their trouble.

* * * * *

The "small pox" was very troublesome in Colonial times, as this announcement from the "Boston Gazette," Feb. 2, 1761, shows:--

Samuel Parkman hereby informs his Customers and others, That
immediately on the breaking out of the Small-Pox in the back
Part of his House in Union Street, he removed his Shop Goods
to a Store on a Wharf that they may be safe from any
Infection, and himself to the House of Mr. Joshua Winter
Stationer--The Person who had the Distemper is perfectly
recovered, and departed the House some Days ago, and the
House thoroughly cleansed.

* * * * *

The following notice from the "Massachusetts Gazette" reminds us of the time of open fire-places and blazing, cheerful wood-fires:

THE SELECTMEN would inform the Town, that they have
_approbated_ a number of _Chimney-Sweepers_, who are
furnished with badges agreeable to the By-Laws, and have
stipulated to execute their business _faithfully_, at the
following rates, viz.--For lower-room chimnies, _fourteen
pence two fifths_, or _one pistareen_; and for _all_ chamber
chimnies, _one shilling_ each--that all concerned may govern
themselves accordingly.

_Boston, Sept. 21, 1786._

* * * * *

The spinning-wheel at Ipswich. From the "Columbian Centinel," June 7, 1791.

_For the_ CENTINEL.

THE PRINTER is requested to record it among the numerous
instances of female benevolence and harmony, which have been
exhibited in these times, and so well reprove the jarring
dissensions of the _men_--that at Ipswich, lately, at the
house of the Rev. Mr. DANA, a numerous band of ladies, in
harmonious concert, have again "laid their hands to the
spindle, and held the distaff," and presented the fruit of
their generous toil, 118 run of good yarn; viz. 88 linen, 30
cotton; the materials, provisions, and handsome attendance,
all furnished by themselves and those who joined with
them.--"_Give her of the fruit of her own hands, and let her
own works praise her in the gates._"

* * * * *

From the "Salem Mercury," April 28, 1787.

Not long ago a number of ladies belonging to the
Presbyterian society in Newbury-Port, assembled at the
Parsonage-house, with their spinning-wheels and other
utensils of industry, for the day, to the benefit of their
minister's family. The assembly having first united in the
solemn exercises of social worship, the business of the day
was opened. Every apartment in the house was full. The
musick of the spinning-wheel resounded from every room.
Benevolence was seen smiling in every countenance, and the
harmony of hearts surpassed even the harmony of wheels. The
labours of the day were concluded about 5 o'clock; when the
fair labourers presented Mrs. MURRAY with cotton and linen
yarn, of the best quality, amounting to 236 skeins.
Necessary refreshment being past, publick worship was
attended; and a discourse delivered, by the Rev. Mr. MURRAY,
to a large assembly, from Exodus 35, 25, _And all the women
that were wise-hearted did spin with their hands._

* * * * *

From the "Salem Mercury," Feb. 6, 1787.

There is a young Miss in New-Haven, who will soon wear a
silk gown _of her own make_. Such noble industry ought to be
written in letters of gold. May the ladies profit by the
example--and may it soon be esteemed disreputable, by both
ladies and gentlemen, to wear any thick silk but of our own
manufacture.

* * * * *

An advertisement in the "Boston Gazette," Feb. 19, 1760, rather indicates that "searchers" sometimes exceeded their powers.

ALL Persons who within five Years past, have had any Shoes
or Boots, seiz'd and taken from them, in the Town of Boston,
by any of the Searches and Sealers of Leather there, for
being made of Leather unduly tann'd or curried, or on
Pretence thereof; are hereby notified to give or send in to
the Printers hereof, an Account in Writing, of the Number of
Shoes, &c. so taken from them, the Time when (as near as
they can) with the Name of the Person that seiz'd and took
them, and the Name of the Justice of Peace to whom Complaint
or Information was made concerning such Shoes, &c. by the
eighth Day of _March_ next, if they desire any Recompence
for the Injuries they have suffer'd by such Seizures.

* * * * *

In 1767 snuff was apparently of more importance, as merchandise, to say the least, than were Bibles and Testaments. In an advertisement it was printed in capitals, while the latter were in smaller type.

Caleb Blanchard,

In Union-Street, _BOSTON._

_HAS just Imported by Captain_ Rhodes _from_ London, _and
Captain_ Bain _from_ Glasgow.

_A Great Variety of English, India, and Scotch GOODS,
suitable for all Seasons of the Year, which He sells at the
lowest Rates, by Wholesale or Retail, for Cash or
Treasurer's Notes._

N.B. _Kippen's and Tillich's SNUFF, Bibles and Testaments,
all Sorts of Stationary, &c. &c. &c._

* * * * *

_Boston, April 19th, 1788._

WHEREAS some person or persons have acted so villainous a
part, as to make use of my name in vending and selling Snuff
of a very bad quality; not only injuring me in my credit,
but cheating the purchaser, as the Snuff manufactured by me
is of the best kind, and which I always warrant to be such.

Some of the purchasers of said bad Snuff have brought the
same to me, supposing it to be really of my manufacture; but
upon examination, found it to be of a loose and dry kind,
and may be easily discovered.

Whoever will give information of the person or persons, who
thus impose on the publick, by making use of my name to
vend and sell such base Snuff, shall be handsomely rewarded,
by their humble servant,

SIMON ELLIOT.

N.B. The publick are informed, that to prevent the above
deception, the advertisements on bladders of Snuff, in
future, will be altered from letter-press, to a copperplate
impression. (2m)

_Massachusetts Centinel._

The habit of Snuff-taking was formerly very prevalent in New England, as well as elsewhere. Within the writer's recollection it was a very common thing to see the snuff-box passed round for friends to take a pinch. Very few now a days indulge in this uncleanly habit; but a recent traveller relates that on visiting St. Peter's in Rome, the first thing upon entering the church which attracted his attention was seeing the Pope take a pinch of snuff and then shake from his pocket a large old-fashioned bandanna handkerchief, which he applied to his nose. Many years ago a gentleman of Salem was questioned by a stranger about a certain man who happened to be an inveterate snuff-taker and who was at the same time greatly interested in free-masonry. "Yes," said the gentleman, "I know him."--"He's about one third masonry and two thirds snuff." Mr. Francis H. Lee, of Salem, has a curious collection of a hundred or more snuff-boxes of former generations. They are of various patterns; some are made of shell and tipped with silver, and look quite ancient. Simon Elliot, of Boston, and later Wm. Micklefield, of Salem, were famous snuff manufacturers.

* * * * *

A curious snuff-box, advertised in the "Columbian Centinel," 1819.

A CURIOSITY.

E. COPELAND, Jr., has for sale a most elegant Gold SNUFF BOX
set with Pearls, &c. It is about 2½ inches long and from the
top a beautiful _little Bird_ rises at command and sings a
tune. The movements of the wings, beak, eyes, &c. are
perfectly natural, and all its motions while singing are in
complete unison with its notes. This is probably as
ingenious a piece of mechanism as was ever seen in this
town. It will be sold a great bargain.

august 21

* * * * *

In this connection we notice "Micklefield's Indian," as it was called, a well-known landmark in Salem half a century ago. Mr. Micklefield was much respected, and noted for his liberality and public spirit.

THE Subscriber begs leave to inform his friends and the
public, that owing to the fall in prices of different Scents
and Stock in general, that compose the article of Snuff, he
is thereby enabled to sell his different kinds,
viz.--Maccoboy, Scented and Plain Rappee and Scotch

SNUFFS,

at a much lower price than heretofore.--Traders in the
neighboring towns that deal in those articles are
particularly solicited to call at his Store, sign of the
_Indian Chief_, corner of Central and Front streets, where
they can purchase at very low prices, and warranted of the
first quality. ALSO,

Spanish, half Spanish and common

CIGARS,

Cavendish, Ladies' Twist, Pigtail, and all kinds of
Manufactured

TOBACCO,

wholesale and retail.

WM. MICKLEFIELD.

Salem, Jan. 18, 1827. tf

* * * * *

From the "Salem Mercury," Nov. 25, 1788.

S. Breck, Esq. member of the House of Representatives for
Boston, appears in his seat with a complete suit of American
manufactured broadcloth, of an elegant colour.

* * * * *

About 1787 and 1788, spinning-wheel meetings seem to have been very popular. We copy notices of meetings of young ladies in Attleboro', Dighton, Gloucester, Rehoboth, Mass., and Providence and Johnston, R.I., all from the "Salem Mercury."

ATTLEBORO', _June 20_. Yesterday, 63 respectable young
ladies, belonging to this town, asslembled, at 2 o'clock,
P.M. at the house of Mr. Daniel Balkum, and, to the surprise
and great satisfaction of all the friends to industry, spun,
before sunset, 199 skeins of excellent linen yarn. Industry
is the genuine source of all laudable pleasure. On it depend
all the conveniences of life. Health, the greatest of
blessings, depends on industry--beauty, on health. If
ladies, then, wish to be beautiful, they must be
industrious; they must animate their countenances with that
blooming health which comes from the SPINNING-WHEEL. The
fair sex, when rightly and industriously employed, are
justly termed the beauty of this lower creation. Beauty
without virtue is contemptible. Merit only gains the heart.
Idleness is disgraceful. Industry is the ornament of wealth,
the support and consolation of poverty. We hope soon to see
the time, when the fair daughters of America will be clothed
in the manufactures of their own hands. Happy are we, that
some have already set the example. May it never be said,
that American ladies rise 15 minutes later than the sun. May
they ever have thread enough in their hands to make a halter
for a Shays.

* * * * *

On Tuesday last, thirteen young ladies assembled, with their
spinning-wheels, at the house of Mr. Joseph Whipple, in
North-Providence, and, between the hours of eight in the
morning and six in the afternoon, completed fifty skeins of
excellent linen yarn.

July 1, 1788.

* * * * *