Chapter I: Introduction

PREFACE: PREFACE BY THE AUTHOR: ON POLITICAL IGNORANCE AND WISDOM.

BOOK FIRST. THE STRUCTURE OF THE ANCIENT SOCIETY.

CHAPTER I. THE ORIGIN OF PRIVILEGES. I. Services and Recompenses of the Clergy. II. Services and Recompenses of the Nobles. III. Services and Recompenses of the King.

CHAPTER II. THE PRIVILEGED CLASSES. I. Number of the Privileged Classes. II. Their Possessions, Capital, and Revenue. III. Their Immunities. IV. Their Feudal Rights. V. They may be justified by local and general services. CHAPTER III. LOCAL SERVICES DUE BY THE PRIVILEGED CLASSES. I. Examples in Germany and England.—These services are not rendered by II. Resident Seigniors. III. Absentee Seigniors.

CHAPTER IV. PUBLIC SERVICES DUE BY THE PRIVILEGED CLASSES. I. England compared to France. II. The Clergy III. Influence of the Nobles.. IV. Isolation of the Chiefs V. The King's Incompetence and Generosity. VI. Latent Disorganization in France.

BOOK SECOND. MORALS AND CHARACTERS.

CHAPTER I. MORAL PRINCIPLES UNDER THE ANCIENT REGIME. The Court and a life of pomp and parade. I. Versailles. The Physical aspect and the moral character of Versailles. II. The King's Household. III. The King's Associates. IV. Everyday Life In Court. V. Royal Distractions. VI. Upper Class Distractions. VII. Provincial Nobility.

CHAPTER II. DRAWING ROOM LIFE. I. Perfect only in France II. Social Life Has Priority. III. Universal Pleasure Seeking. IV. Enjoyment. V. Happiness. VI. Gaiety. VII. Theater, Parade And Extravagance.

CHAPTER III. DISADVANTAGES OF THIS DRAWING ROOM LIFE. I. Its Barrenness and Artificiality II. Return To Nature And Sentiment. III. Personality Defects.

BOOK THIRD. THE SPIRIT AND THE DOCTRINE.

CHAPTER I. SCIENTIFIC ACQUISITION. I. Scientific Progress. II. Science Detached From Theology. III. The Transformation Of History. IV. The New Psychology. V. The Analytical Method.

CHAPTER II. THE CLASSIC SPIRIT, THE SECOND ELEMENT. I. Through Colored Glasses. II. Its Original Deficiency. III. The Mathematical Method.

CHAPTER III. COMBINATION OF THE TWO ELEMENTS. I. Birth Of A Doctrine, A Revelation. II. Ancestral Tradition And Culture. III. Reason At War With Illusion. IV. Casting Out The Residue Of Truth And Justice. V. The Dream Of A Return To Nature. VI. The Abolition Of Society. Rousseau. VII: The Lost Children.

CHAPTER IV. ORGANIZING THE FUTURE SOCIETY. I. Liberty, Equality And Sovereignty Of The People. II. Naive Convictions III. Our True Human Nature. IV. Birth Of Socialist Theory, Its Two Sides. V. Social Contract, Summary.

BOOK FOURTH. THE PROPAGATION OF THE DOCTRINE.

CHAPTER I.—SUCCESS OF THIS PHILOSOPHY IN FRANCE.—FAILURE OF THE SAME I. The Propagating Organ, Eloquence. II. Its Method. III. Its Popularity. IV. The Masters.

CHAPTER II. THE FRENCH PUBLIC. I. The Nobility. II. Conditions In France. III. French Indolence. IV. Unbelief. V. Political Opposition. VI. Well-Meaning Government.

CHAPTER III. THE MIDDLE CLASS. I. The Past. II. CHANGE IN THE CONDITION OF THE BOURGEOIS. III. Social Promotion. IV. Rousseau's Philosophy Spreads And Takes HOLD. V. Revolutionary Passions. VI. Summary

BOOK FIFTH. THE PEOPLE

CHAPTER I. HARDSHIPS. I. Privations. II. The Peasants. III. The Countryside. IV. The Peasant Becomes Landowner.

CHAPTER II. TAXATION THE PRINCIPAL CAUSE OF MISERY. I. Extortion. II. Local Conditions. III. The Common Laborer. IV. Collections And Seizures.—Observe the system actually at work. It V. Indirect Taxes. VI. Burdens And Exemptions. VII. Municipal Taxation. VIII. Complaints In The Registers.

CHAPTER III. INTELLECTUAL STATE OF THE PEOPLE. I. Intellectual incapacity II. Political incapacity III. Destructive impulses IV. Insurrectionary leaders and recruits

CHAPTER IV. THE ARMED FORCES. I. Military force declines II. The social organization is dissolved III. Direction of the current

CHAPTER V. SUMMARY. I. Suicide of the Ancient Regime. II. Aspirations for the 'Great Revolution.'

END OF VOLUME

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, VOLUME 1.

PREFACE

BOOK FIRST. SPONTANEOUS ANARCHY.

CHAPTER I. THE BEGINNINGS OF ANARCHY. I. Dearth the first cause. II. Expectations the second cause III. The provinces during the first six months of 1789 IV. Intervention of ruffians and vagabonds. V. Effect on the Population of the New Ideas. VI. The first jacquerie in Province

CHAPTER II. PARIS UP TO THE 14TH OF JULY. I. Mob recruits in the vicinity II. The Press. III. The Réveillon affair. IV. The Palais-Royal. V. Popular mobs become a political force. VI. July 13th and 14th 1789. VII. Murders of Foulon and Berthier. VIII. Paris in the hands of the people.

CHAPTER III. I. Anarchy from July 14th to October 6th, 1789 II. The provinces III. Public feeling. Famine IV. Panic. V. Attacks on public individuals and public property. VI. Taxes are no longer paid. VII. Attack upon private individuals and private property.

CHAPTER IV. PARIS. I. Paris. II. The distress of the people. III. The new popular leaders. IV. Intervention by the popular leaders with the Government. V. The 5th and 6th of October. VI. The Government and the nation in the hands of the revolutionary party.

BOOK SECOND. THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY, AND THE RESULT OF ITS LABORS.

CHAPTER I. CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR THE FRAMING OF GOOD LAWS. I. These conditions absent in the Assembly II. Inadequacy of its information. III. The Power Of Simple, General Ideas. IV. Refusal to supply the ministry

CHAPTER II. DESTRUCTION. I. Two principal vices of the ancient régime. II Nature of societies, and the principle of enduring constitutions. III. The estates of a society. IV. Abuse and lukewarmness in 1789 in the ecclesiastical bodies.

CHAPTER III. THE CONSTRUCTIONS THE CONSTITUTION OF 1791. I. Powers of the Central Government. II. The Creation Of Popular Democracy. III. Municipal Kingdoms. IV. On Universal Suffrage. V. The Ruling Minority. VI. Summary of the work of the Constituent Assembly.

BOOK THIRD. THE APPLICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION.

CHAPTER I. I. The Federations. II. Independence of the municipalities. III. Independent Assemblies.

CHAPTER II. SOVEREIGNTY OF UNRESTRAINED PASSIONS. I. Old Religious Grudges II. Passion Supreme. III. Egotism of the tax-payer. IV. Cupidity of tenants.

CHAPTER III. DEVELOPMENT OF THE RULING PASSION I. Attitude of the nobles. Their moderate resistance. II. Workings of the popular imagination with respect to them. III. Domiciliary visits. IV. The nobles obliged to leave the rural districts. V. Persecutions in private life. VI. Conduct of officers. VI. Conduct of the officers. VII. Emigration and its causes. VIII. Attitude of the non-juring priests. IX. General state of opinion.

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, VOLUME 2.

PREFACE:

BOOK FIRST. THE JACOBINS.

CHAPTER I. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NEW POLITICAL ORGAN. I. Principle of the revolutionary party. II. The Jacobins. III. Psychology of the Jacobin. IV. What the theory promises.

CHAPTER II. THE JACOBINS I. Formation of the party. II. Spontaneous associations after July 14, 1789. III. How they view the liberty of the press. IV. Their rallying-points. V. Small number of Jacobins.

BOOK SECOND. THE FIRST STAGE OF THE CONQUEST.

CHAPTER I. THE JACOBINS COME INTO IN POWER. I. Their siege operations. II. Annoyances and dangers of public elections. III. The friends of order deprived of the right of free assemblage. V. Intimidation and withdrawal of the Conservatives.

CHAPTER II. THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY I. Composition of the Legislative Assembly. II. Degree and quality of their intelligence and Culture. III. Aspects of their sessions. IV. The Parties. V. Their means of action. VI. Parliamentary maneuvers.

CHAPTER III. POLICY OF THE ASSEMBLY I. Policy of the Assembly. State of France at the end of 1791. II. The Assembly hostile to the oppressed and favoring oppressors. III. War. IV. Secret motives of the leaders. V. Effects of the war on the common people.

CHAPTER IV. THE DEPARTMENTS. I. Provence in 1792. Early supremacy of the Jacobins in Marseilles. II. The expedition to Aix. III. The Constitutionalists of Arles. IV. The Jacobins of Avignon. V. The other departments.