Chapter XI: Part 11

«20» It is interesting to note that Susan Harpe, wife of Big Harpe, many years after his death tried to convey the impression that Little Harpe, not Big Harpe, was the greater villain. Draper, recording some statements made to him by George Herndon who lived near Russellville, says that Big Harpe’s wife told Mrs. Herndon that “Big Harpe said to Little Harpe that he thought they had better quit killing people and go to some backwoods country, for if they did not, he feared they would be detected and killed. Whereupon, Little Harpe flew into a passion, cursed his brother for a coward, and said if he ever talked that way again he would shoot him.” In order to defend him further, she declared that “Some days before Big Harpe’s death he fancied the ground continually trembling beneath his feet.” In this way she tried to show that Big Harpe actually did suffer great fear and remorse of conscience and insinuated that Little Harpe was beyond the reach of such feelings. [12F]

«21» Family names were spelled indifferently in colonial and republican times. In the fashion of English speech Meason was pronounced Mason.

«22» In her account to Draper Mrs. Anthony states that in addition to Henry Havard, Samuel Mason had, besides his own family, at least two other accomplices while living near Henderson: Nicholas Welsh and a man named Hewitt. Henry Havard, after the assassination of Captain John Dunn, fled to his father’s home on Red River, Tennessee. The regulators there, upon hearing that he had been employed by Mason to kill Dunn, “raised and went to old Havard’s, found Henry hid between two feather beds and shot through the beds. They made the old man pull out the body of his son and when they found his brains were oozing out they knew he was quite dead.” Hewitt was captured on the Kentucky shore opposite Diamond Island, by regulators who were “strongly inclined to kill him, but finally refrained, but made him break his gun.” Nicholas Welsh, who ran the tavern in which Mason and his men made their headquarters when in Red Banks, disappeared immediately after Captain John Dunn was shot, and was never again heard of.

«23» One of Mason’s daughters-in-law, Mrs. Tom Mason, continued to live for a short time at the Rocky Springs rendezvous after the camp had been abandoned by the others, who rightly suspected that the governor’s reward would result in a thorough search along the Trace. It is possible Mrs. Mason’s condition made flight impossible, but it is more probable she concluded to remain behind and, in time, find a home in some law-abiding community. Guild, who interviewed Swaney, gives us only one glimpse of this woman:

“After the band had left she started to the Chickasaw Agency where she would be able to communicate with her friends. When Mr. Swaney met her she was on her way, carrying her babe, together with some provisions. Mrs. Mason begged Mr. Swaney to assist her.... He spent nearly a whole day in assisting the woman, and then made up lost time by riding all night. Mrs. Mason told Mr. Swaney that Mason’s band was safe out of reach of their pursuers, and that before leaving they buried their gold in the bottoms near the river and cut the initials ‘T.M.’ on trees near the spot so they could easily find it in the future.”

According to one tradition [114] Mason crossed the Mississippi River and went westward to the highlands northwest of Vicksburg “which are known to this day as Mason Hills” and there hid some booty. “To the present day,” continues this chronicle, “many people believe that rich treasures lie buried out in the Mason Hills.”

«24» Cramer’s _Navigator_, 1818, says: “Stack or Crow’s Nest Island has been sunk by the earthquake [of 1811] or swept by the floods.... Stack not long since was famed for a band of counterfeiters, horse thieves, robbers, murderers, etc. who made this part of the Mississippi a place of manufacture and deposit. From hence they would sally forth, stop boats, buy horses, flour, whiskey, etc. and pay for all in fine, new notes of the ‘_first water_.’ Their villainies (after many severe losses sustained by innocent, good men, unsuspecting the cheat) became notorious, and after several years’ search and pursuit of the civil law, and in some cases the _club-law_, against this band of monsters, they have at length disappeared.”

«25» The author is indebted to Dr. Dunbar Rowland, of the Mississippi Department of Archives and History, for the privilege of having a translation made of the record of Mason’s trial.

«26» Samuel Mason probably had heard of “money growing on trees.” It was a common practice for travelers to hide their money over night in the bushes near the place they camped. It is likely that Mason sometimes “found” the money of highway travelers while they were asleep, or “found” it after he had surprised the campers and driven them off before they could procure their brush-hidden valuables.

«27» The story of John Setton’s life up to this time, as recited by Setton himself, doubtless appeared very plausible to the officials. There was, nevertheless, very little truth in it. This court identified him by the names Setton, Taylor, and Wells. It apparently disregarded Samuel Mason’s statement that the prisoner sometimes went by other names which he, Mason, could not recall. These three names were equally unfamiliar; none were connected with the known history of any crime. Mason himself may have been ignorant of the real name and true history of Setton. Be that as it may, Draper in one of his early note books, written about 1840, gives the following facts regarding the man who passed as one John Setton and whose identity, it seems, was then unknown by the historian himself. He states that John Setton was originally from North Carolina and, while traveling along the Natchez Trace, lingering more or less among the Indians, he fell in company with a young man named Bass, who lived in Williamson County, Tennessee. Then, in the words of Draper:

“Bass was not very well and Setton, very friendly, would catch Bass’ horse and do him other offices of kindness. When Bass reached his father’s residence he invited Setton to sojourn a time, recruit his horse, etc. Setton did so and courted a sister of young Bass and married her. He started with his new wife for North Carolina. When they reached the North Fork of Holston, in Hawkins County, East Tennessee, Setton gave information that his wife’s horse ran away and her feet being in the stirrups, had dragged and killed her. This is the story he told negroes. The white persons being absent from home, he had his deceased companion buried hurriedly. He disposed of her clothing and saddle for little or nothing and in a few hours put off with both horses. After he had gone, his conduct led some of the people thereabout to disinter the dead body, and found she had evidently been killed by heavy blows on the head. Setton fled, went first to Louisiana, then down the river, enlisted at Fort Pickering at the Chickasaw Bluffs (Memphis) into Captain Richard Sparks’ company. By his conduct he was soon made a sergeant. He was in the habit of going out hunting. One day he borrowed Captain Sparks’ elegant rifle, took a canoe and some provisions and started on a several days hunt down the Mississippi. Setton steered up the Arkansas and then joined Mason.” [12H]

«28» Nothing in the records indicates whether or not the officials recognized the connection in the testimony given by the Masons and Setton.

«29» Practically all the province of Louisiana, including New Orleans, was transferred from France to Spain in 1769. Spain secretly ceded the same territory to France September 1, 1800, but the French did not take formal possession until November 30, 1803. On April 30, 1803, or about seven months before this formality was performed, Napoleon secretly sold Louisiana to the United States and accordingly, December 20, 1803, at New Orleans, lower Louisiana was formally transferred to the American Republic, and March 9, 1804, at St. Louis, the same ceremony took place for upper Louisiana, which included New Madrid.

«30» Under what circumstances Mason was trapped by May and Setton and whether or not he really knew by whom he was snared has not been ascertained. Mrs. William Anthony, in her letter to Draper, states that on one occasion when Mason and his party were crossing the Mississippi River, May was acting as ferryman and “Mason said the others might all go over first and he would remain till last. When all were over but Mason, May returned for him, and as Mason was alone with his bag of money, May killed him and took the head to Natchez.”

Audubon, in one of his _Journals_ under the head of “Regulators” gives another version: “At last a body of Regulators undertook, at great peril, and for the sake of the country, to bring the villain to punishment.... One day as he was riding a beautiful horse in the woods he was met by one of the Regulators, who immediately recognized him, but passed him as if an utter stranger. Mason, not dreaming of danger, pursued his way leisurely, as if he had met no one.... At dusk, Mason, having reached the lowest part of a ravine, no doubt well known to him, hoppled (tied together the forelegs of) his stolen horse, to enable it to feed during the night without chance of straying far, and concealed himself in a hollow log to spend the night. The plan was good but proved his ruin. The Regulator, who knew every hill and hollow of the woods, marked the place and the log with the eye of an experienced hunter, and as he remarked that Mason was most efficiently armed, he galloped off to the nearest house where he knew he should find assistance. This was easily procured, and the party proceeded to the spot. Mason, on being attacked, defended himself with desperate valor; and as it proved impossible to secure him alive he was brought to the ground with a rifle ball. His head was cut off, and stuck on the end of a broken branch of a tree, by the nearest road to the place where the affray happened. The gang soon dispersed, in consequence of the loss of their leader, and this infliction of merited punishment proved beneficial in deterring others from following a similar predatory life.”

Such may have been the end of one of the sons of Mason. There is nothing in history or tradition connecting this act of the Regulators with the career of Samuel Mason.

«31» All the early records prove beyond a doubt that John Setton and Wiley Harpe or “Little” Harpe were one and the same man. A few of the later writers confuse May and Setton and, apparently as a result of a superficial knowledge of the careers of these outlaws, state that Wiley Harpe had assumed the name of one May.

«32» The counsel for the defense evidently objected to the jurisdiction of the court, claiming that the alleged “robberies by Mason’s men” did not occur within the bounds of Mississippi Territory. The question of jurisdiction is commented on in two of the letters written in 1804 by Thomas Rodney to Caesar A. Rodney. [52]

«33» Greenville, originally called Hunston, was an important town on the old Natchez Trace. It lay about twenty-five miles northeast of Natchez, and was a thriving village as early as 1798, when the United States took possession of Mississippi Territory. A number of the state’s wealthiest and most aristocratic pioneers lived in or near the town. In 1825 the seat of justice was moved from Greenville to Fayette and soon thereafter the old town passed out of existence. The site of old Greenville has been under cultivation for many years. The court house and the jail stood in what is now known as “Courthouse Field.”

The city of Greenville, Mississippi, on the Mississippi River, which was established long after old Greenville became an extinct town, is a thriving place of more than 10,000 inhabitants.

«34» What became of Mason’s men is not known. A frontier rowdy named Edward Rose is described in Washington Irving’s Astoria. Lyman C. Draper wrote on the fly-leaf of his copy of this book that “Rose was probably one of Mason’s gang.”

«35» Finley says Philip Alston was born in South Carolina and in early manhood became “a full grown counterfeiter.” After living in Natchez and “attaining to the highest respectability ... his avaricious eye rested on a golden image of the Savior, in the Catholic Church, ... and he went immediately and counterfeited some coins from it.” He fled from Natchez to Kentucky and settled in Logan County, where he established a salt works and store at Moat’s Lick. While running these he managed the Cedar House, a tavern near Russellville. He also farmed, preached, and taught school, and incidentally “flooded the country with spurious money.” Thus he became, “not only the first farmer, manufacturer, and merchant, but he established the first depot of exchange and the first bank, and also the first mint in western Kentucky.” About 1788, “the whole people rose up in their majesty and banished him.” He next appeared in Livingston and Henderson counties and then fled to Cave-in-Rock. After a short stay at the Cave he returned to Natchez where “he found his old enemies, who became his fast friends. He rose in the estimation of the Spaniards until he was appointed an _empresidio_ of Mexico, when in the midst of his success and returning fortune death stepped in and sealed his fate.”

Finley, who never cites authorities, states that “Peter Alston, Philip Alston’s youngest son, became an outlaw and robber, and joined Mason’s band at Cave-in-the-Rock and was allied to the Harpes, and with one of the Harpes was executed at Washington, Mississippi ... for the killing of his chief, Mason, for the reward.” No records have been found that contradict any of Finley’s statements, except the one to the effect that Peter Alston killed Samuel Mason.

Nancy Huston Banks in her novel _’Round Anvil Rock_ presents Philip Alston as a kind but mysterious gentleman who, although generally trusted by the community, is regarded by some with suspicion because of his frequent absences and ever-replenished supply of imported cloth, laces, and jewelry. In the novel Alston refers to Jean Lafitte as “my resepected and trusted friend,” and admits that he, Alston, makes business trips to Duff’s Fort, near Cave-in-Rock, although “it was no longer a secret that regular stations of outlawry were firmly established between Natchez on the one side and Duff’s Fort on the other.”

«36» Duff secured metal from the veins of lead ore on the Saline and, as it contained a little silver, he separated the silver from the lead as best he could and made counterfeit coins. In this connection the author of _A History of Union County, Kentucky_, further comments:

“The traditions of Duff’s great wealth have acted upon many of the citizens of Caseyville much as the tales of Captain Kidd’s plunder affected the inhabitants of Long Island. Youthful imaginations have been inflamed with thoughts of the fabulous wealth stored away in some cavern along the Caseyville cliffs. Many a ramble has turned into a search for the caves in that vicinity, but so far as the public knows, none of them has ever eventuated in any discoveries.”

«36a» Sturdevant’s stockaded fort stood on the long bluff immediately above what later became the town of Rosiclare, Illinois, and commanded a good view of the Ohio. Dr. Daniel Lawrence, of Golconda, saw the ruins of the Sturdevant house as late as 1876. The place had then been in a dilapidated condition for some time, but enough remained to show that in its day it was a substantial log structure, a story and a half high, with three rooms on the ground floor, including a log L on the north side. Digging into some of the old logs, he discovered many small holes made by bullets. A new stone quarry was in operation at the time of his visit and he was present when a blast blew out of a crevice a set of dies for making counterfeit half dollars. The foreman took the plates home for souvenirs, but their whereabouts is now unknown.

«37» The _Chicago Times_ published an article July 17, 1879, entitled “Hell on the Ohio,” which, in 1888, was republished in _The Life of Logan Belt_, a book by Shadrack L. Jackson, who then lived in the village of Cave-in-Rock. This distorted account of Ford is here reprinted as an example of one of the many absurd and almost groundless stories that have gained wide circulation:

“Not far from Cave-in-Rock is Ford’s Ferry, which gets its name from a man who was one of the noted criminals of pioneer history. He lived on the Kentucky side about two miles above Cave-in-Rock and was ostensibly a farmer, owning a large tract of land. He also kept a hotel. Ford was always surrounded by a gang of desperate men, highwaymen and murderers, and, while nothing was ever proved on him, he was looked upon as equal to his companions in guilt. He was a robber of flatboats and of emigrants. Dead bodies were found near his house, and isolated and freshly made graves were discovered in that neighborhood. Men were known to start West with a little money, to locate, and were never after heard of. Their friends would inquire, follow them to Ford’s and there lose all traces of them. It was one of his habits to cut down trees and obstruct the road to rival ferries, until the owners would be compelled to quit and leave, thinking retaliation only a means of provoking death. But Ford brought on himself the penalty of his lawlessness.

“An old feud existed between him and the father-in-law of a man named Simpson, and Ford killed his enemy. Simpson gathered a crowd of friends and went armed to Ford’s house for the purpose of killing him. They found him on the Illinois side loading a boat. He knew at once why they had come, begged for his life and appealed for protection to one of their number, Jonathan Brown by name. Brown was touched by the appeal and interceded for the terrified man. The plea was so far successful that the crowd waited two or three hours, but when darkness came, they took him out and shot him dead when he was begging hardest to be spared. It is said that none of the crowd proper did the shooting, but that Simpson compelled his negro to do the deed.”

«38» It may be proper here to record that descendants of James Ford, like the descendants of other crude but strong pioneer stock, rose to deserved prominence in the business and social life of several western cities. The family is scattered, but the respect its members command and the success they have achieved bears testimony to the strain of ability and energy inherent in the blood. It leads also to deeper consideration of one of the theories in the Ford’s Ferry mystery, that James Ford was perhaps a victim of circumstances growing out of his peculiar personality in a dangerous surrounding.

«39» The crime was committed in that part of Gallatin County which in 1839 (when Hardin County was formed out of parts of Gallatin and Pope counties) became the eastern portion of Hardin. Previous to the organization of Hardin, Cave-in-Rock was a “corner” at the southern extremity of the line separating the two original counties.

«40» The fact that the names Murrell and Mason sound somewhat alike is sometimes the cause of confusion. For example, occasionally one hears that Little Harpe cut off the head of Murrell, whereas Harpe was hanged when Murrell was four or five years old.

On a map of the Ohio, compiled 1911–14 under the supervision of the Ohio River Board of Engineers on Locks and Dams, Cave-in-Rock is erroneously designated Merrell’s [sic] Cave.

One absurd tradition has it that James Ford’s first wife was a sister of Murrell, and another is to the effect that both Ford and his wife were related to Mason, Murrell, and the Harpes.

«41» An exhaustive search through the fiction printed during the first part of last century probably would result in finding all the Cave-in-Rock tales referred to by early writers.

Henry R. Schoolcraft visited the Cave in 1818 and in his _Personal Memoirs_ commented that “as a scene of a tale of imaginative robber-life it appeared to me to possess great attractions.” Later in his book entitled _The Indian in His Wigwam_ he adds: “The Cave’s associations of the early robber era ... have been commemorated by the pen of fiction of Charles Brockden Brown.” In 1834 Charles Fenno Hoffman writes that “its peculiar form has suggested one of the most agreeable tales to an admired Western writer.” Edmund Flagg, in _The Far West_, written in 1836, states that murdering and boat robbing perpetrated at the Cave by Samuel Mason and his band “has suggested a spirited tale from a popular writer.”

Judge James Hall wrote for a number of magazines. Among his articles may be one on the outlaws at Cave-in-Rock, or a story in which he pictures the activities of the Harpes, the Masons, and others during their stay there. My search for any of his Cave sketches has been fruitless.

Index

Adair County (Ky.): 86, 141

Adairville: 103

Alberts, J. Bernhard: 36;
pictures by, 3, 21, 259

Allen, John (of Ky.): 135

Allen, W. B., _Kentucky_: 336

Allison, Young E.: 7;
library of, 345

Alston, Peter: 272

Alston, Philip (counterfeiter): 271–274, 322

_Alton Courier_, “Virginia Rose:” 327, 328

“Alvarado,” in _Oldfield_: 322

Alvis, Mr.: owner Diamond Island, 172

_American Pioneer_, S. P. Hildreth: Marietta to New Orleans, 40–43;
Van Cleve’s Journal, 167, 168, 339

Anthony, Abraham: at Langford burial, 75

Anthony, Mrs. William: letter to Draper, 169–171, 252

Ares River: 221, 225

Arkansas Post: 220, 224

Ashe, Thomas, _Travels_: 24, 25, 48, 173, 325, 336;
condemned, 325

Atkinson’s Casket: 326, 336, 337

Audubon, John James, _Journals_: 177, 252–254, 336

Aycoff, Mr. (of Knoxville): 64

_Back Home_, Cobb: 322

Bacon, M. E., “Bold River Pirates:” 336

Baily, Francis, _Journal_: 24, 336

Baker, Joshua: robbed by Mason, 183–188, 190, 196, 216, 223, 224,
226, 229–234

Baker, William: robbed by Mason, 184

Baker’s Creek (or Twelve Mile Creek): 183, 184, 188

Baldwin, Old Man (outlaw): 122

Ballard, William: killed by Harpes, 95, 96

Ballenger, Capt. Joseph: pursues Harpes, 69, 85, 91;
affidavit, 73

Banks, Nancy Houston: _’Round Anvil Rock_, 272, 273, 322;
_Oldfield_, 322

Barren River: 86, 89, 90

Barret (associate of Mason): 227, 228

Barrow (associate of Mason): 164

Bass, Mr.: contact with Setton, 221, 222

Bassett (associate of Mason): 223, 229–231

Bates: killed by Harpes, 66, 67

Battery Rock: 27, 44, 45

Bay, J. C.: library of, 345

Bayou Pierre: 184, 234, 235, 251

Bear Creek: 198

Beaver Creek: 63

Beck, L. C.: _Gazetteer_, 336

Belan, Ignace (merchant): 209

Bellegrove Church: 264

Bellin’s map of Louisiana: 18

_Belt, Logan_, Jackson: 311, 312, 340

Bennett, Emerson: _Mike Fink, A Legend of the Ohio_: 327

Biegler, John (Danville jailer): 77–80

Big Rockcastle River: 68, 69

Big Sink, near Cave: 30

Bigsby Cave, near Cave: 30

Billeth, Pierre: testimony Mason’s trial, 238, 239

Black Oak Ridge (Tenn.): 95

Blackburn, W. B. (attorney): 133

Blain, Maj. James (attorney general): 73, 86

Blain, John: pursues Harpes, 73

Blowe, Daniel: _View of the United States_, 175, 336

Bodmer, Charles (artist): 35, 36, 336

Bowman, John: identifies Little Harpe, 255

Bradbury: killed by Harpes, 95

Bradbury’s Ridge (Tenn.): 95

Bradley, Captain (associate of Mason): 238

Brassel, James: killed by Harpes, 95–99

Brassel, Robert: pursues Harpes, 96–98, 100

Brassel’s Knob (Tenn.): 95

Breazeale, Mr. (attorney): 258

Breazeale, J. W. M.: _Life as it Is_, 78, 103, 105, 112, 125, 126,
128, 146, 150, 151 [65, 66, 95, 111, 113, 127] 336

Briscoe, Mrs. Phillip (daughter of Samuel Mason): 234

Brokus (quadroon Indian): 185

_Brought to Bay_, E. R. Roe: 327

Brown (associate of Mason): 227

Brown, C. B. (novelist): 330

Brown, Jonathan: near Cave, 44, 312

Brown, Samuel R., _Western Gazetteer_: 336

Brown, Judge Thomas C.: 318

Bruin, Judge Peter B. (of Miss.) 257

Burnett, Col. Daniel: letter to, 196

Burr, Aaron: 257

Burton (associate of Mason): 222

Bush Creek: 73

Butler, Col. Andrew: helps Harpe woman, 154, 155

Cache River: 40

Cade, J. W. (circuit clerk): 317

_Caldwell and Livingston Counties, Missouri_: 154, 341

Caldwell County (Ky.): 122

Campbell, Mr.: robbed by Mason, 223, 225

Canoe Creek: 107, 109, 170

Canot, Felipo: New Madrid militia, 211

Cape Girardeau: 218

_Carolina Gazette_: 101, 124, 126, 337

Carpenter’s Station (Ky.): 69

Carpentier, Joseph (interpreter): 209, 210, 212, 216

Caruthersville (Mo.): see _Little Prairie_

Caseyville: 273, 274, 278

_Casket Magazine_: 164, 189–190, 245, 257, 326, 336, 337

Cave Dwellers: 27

Cave Spring; near Cave, 26

Cave-in-Rock: location, 17, 18;
scenery near, 17, 19;
discovery by white men, 18;
maps showing, 18, 193;
high water, 20, 30;
geology, 29, 30;
described, 19, 20, 23–25, 27, 31, 32;
Indians and Mound Builders at, 25–29;
Harpes at, 90–94;
Mason at, 174–176;
counterfeiters at, 268–281;
Jim Wilson at, 47–51;
James Wilson, of _Chronicles_, at, 47, 291–293, 329;
Dr. Charles H. Webb at, 286–291;
Ford’s Ferry Band at, 298, 299;
in fiction, 321–332.
Other names;
Big Cave, 23, 24;
Cave-in-the-Rock, 25, 175, 272;
Cave-Inn-Rock, 32, 37, 175;
Caverne dans le Roc, 18;
Counterfeiters Cave, 268;
Great Cave, 23;
House of Nature, 18, 19, 32, 279;
Murrell’s Cave, 318;
Rocking Cave, 26;
Rock-in-Cave, 27;
Rock-Inn-Cave, 29, 175

Cave-in-Rock, Upper Cave of: 19, 21, 24, 25, 51, 325, 328, 329

Cave-in-Rock (village of): 13, 18

Cave-in-Rock Bluff: 26, 28, 35, 299

Cave-in-Rock Island: 26, 35, 36

Cedar House (in Ky.): 272

Cedar Point: near Cave, 93, 301, 308

Charlevoix, _New France_: 18, 337

Chicago: Historical Society, 345;
University of, 345;
John Crerar Library, 345;
Bay’s private library, 345;
_Times_, 311, 312

Chickasaw Bluffs: see _Memphis_

Chickasaw Agency: 180, 201

Choctaw Nation: 181;
crossing, 221, 225, 229

Christian, Matthew: pursues Harpes, 114–125, 130, 131, 141;
deposition of, 131, 132;
reward to, 139;
life, 140

Christian County (Ky.): 113, 155

_Chronicles of a Kentucky Settlement_, Watts: 47, 285–293, 329, 344

Cincinnati: Public Library, 345;
Young Men’s Mercantile Library, 345;
Ohio Historical and Philosophical Society, 345;
see _American Pioneer_;
_Literary Gazette_;
_Western Monthly Magazine_;
_Western Review_

Claiborne, J. F. H.: _Mississippi_, 201, 265, 337 [189, 191, 202, 256];
Wiley quoted, 188, 189;
_MS._ on Mason’s trial, 207

Claiborne, Gov. William C. C.: 199, 200–202, 246, 253, 254, 264;
letters by, 192–198;
_Official Letter Books_, Rowland [195, 196, 264] 337, 343

Claiborne County (Miss.): 196

Clinch River: 65

Clinton County (Ky.): 97, 98

Cobb, Irvin S., _Back Home_: 322

Coffey, Chesley (son of): killed by Harpes, 95, 96, 99

Coiners at Cave: see _Counterfeiters_

Colbert’s Ferry: 180

Cole’s Creek: 248, 249, 257

Colin, Charles: friend of Mason, 223

Collins, Lewis, _Kentucky_: [111] 337

Collins, Richard H., _Kentucky_: 55, 125, 128, 150, 273, 274 [71, 89,
110, 135, 137] 337

Collot, Victor H., _Journey_: 23, 30, 337

_Colonial Men and Times_, L. D. Harper: including _Autobiography_ of Trabue;
see _Daniel Trabue_

Concer, Felic (merchant): 236

Concordia Lake: 251

Counterfeiters at Cave: 32;
die used, 268–271;
Alston, 271–274;
Duff, 272–278;
Sturdevant, 272, 278–281

Crab Orchard (Ky.): 66, 67, 69, 70

Cramer, Zadok, _Navigator_: 24, 39, 40, 41, 44, 173, 203, 337

Crittenden Co., (Ky.): 274, 285;
Marion, 111;
Piney Fork Camp Ground, 111

_Crittenden Press_: story of Jim Wilson, 48–52, 337

Crooked Creek: 294

Crow’s Nest: see _Stack Island_

Cumberland Gap: 65, 66, 74

Cumberland River: 66, 238, 287, 291

Cuming, Fortesque, _Tour_: 25, 26, 172, 173, 337

Cumings, Samuel, _Western Navigator_: 285, 337

Cusach, Gaspar: library of, 345

Cutler, Jervis, _Topographical Description_: 337

Dale, Mr. and Mrs.: pursue Harpes, 96, 97

Daniels, Wilson, “Steamboating:” 337

Danville (Ky.): log court house, 77;
Harpes escapes jail, 78, 255;
three Harpe children born, 79, 80, 137;
Harpe women tried and liberated, 79–83;
arrest of two Harpe men ordered, 84;
court record of Harpes, 79–82, 335;
district court records, 70–84, 335

_Danville District Court Records_, Lincoln Co.: 70–84, 335

Dapron, Pierre: declaration of, 209

Darby, John F., _Personal Recollections_: 337

Darby, William, _Casket Magazine_: 164, 189–190, 245, 257,
326, 336, 337

Davidson, John: father-in-law of Big Harpe, 145

Davidson, Maria: wife of Big Harpe, 145

Davidson, Robert, _Excursion_: [143] 337

Deer Creek: 109, 125

Derousser, Francois: testimony Mason’s trial, 237, 238

Diamond Island: 90–92, 167, 171;
described, 172–174

Dixon (Ky): 110, 127;
streets named, Leiper and Stegall, 144

Doherty, Col. George: of militia, 255

Dooley, Mr.: killed by Harpes, 89

Douglas, Mrs. Marguerite: see _Mrs. John Mason_.

Dow, Lorenzo, _Cosmopolite_: 338

Downs, James (sheriff): 238, 239

Downs, William (justice): 224, 226, 231, 233, 257

Drake, Samuel G., _Book of Indians_: 338

Draper, Lyman C.: _Draper MSS._, Harpes and Masons [60, 64–66, 70, 84,
89, 90, 95, 102, 105, 113–115, 126–128, 134, 141–143, 150,
152, 155, 156, 158, 160, 161, 163–165, 169, 188, 201, 220–222,
255] 335, 336;
“Sketch of the Harpes,” 60, 79, 108, 115–125, 130, 140, 338;
Harpes, 60, 128, 134, 154;
Mason, 160, 265;
Setton, 220, 221, 255;
_King’s Mountain_ [115] 338

Drumgool Station (Ky.): 103

Duff (brother-in-law of Mason): 169

Duff (counterfeiter): 272–278

Duff, John (guide): 273

Duff brothers (of Ill.): 233

Duff’s Cave: 274

Duff’s Fort: 272–274, 277

Dunbar, Seymour, _History of Travel_: 338

Dunlap, Hugh: pursues Harpes, 95

Dunn, Capt. John (constable): 168–171

Durbin, Thomas: killed by Thomas Mason, 170

_Early Western Travels_, Thwaites, editor:
Cuming, _Tour_;
Evans, _Tour_;
Flagg, _Far West_;
James, _Expedition_;
Maximilian, _Voyage_;
Nuttall, _Travels_; 343, 344

Elicott, Andrew, _Journal_: 23, 338

Ellis, John: pursues Harpes, 100

Emery River: 95

Equality (Ill.): 30, 313

Evans, Estwick, _Tour_: 338

Evansville: city of, 18;
Courier Company, _History of Union County_, 273–278, 338

_Everybody’s Magazine_: “Natchez Trace,” by Swain, 338

_Executive Journal_ (Ky.): 85, 92, 335

Farris, Jane: 72;
on death of Langford, 75, 76

Farris, John (inn keeper): 67, 72;
on death of Langford, 74, 75

Fayette (Miss.): 200, 264

Fayette Co. (Penn.): 158

Filson Club: 5, 345;
Robertson’s _Petitions_, 166, 342;
Speed’s _Wilderness Road_, 70, 343

Fink, Mike: see _Mike Fink_, 327, 341

Finley, Alex. C., _Russellville and Logan County_: 165, 271–274, 338

Flagg, Edmund, _Far West_: 29, 32, 173, 330, 338

Flatboating, Golden Age of: 38

Flint, Timothy: _History and Geography of the Mississippi Valley_, 338;
_Recollections_, 338

Fluger, Colonel, or Colonel Plug (boat-wrecker): 43, 344

_Folk-Lore, Journal of American_: [57] 338

Ford, Cassandra (daughter of James Ford): 285, 291, 292, 303;
Mrs. Charles H. Webb, 285, 303

Ford, Francis (infant son of Philip): 304

Ford, James: 14;
youth, 284;
appearance, 292;
marriage, 303, 318;
as James Wilson in _Chronicles_, 47, 291–293, 329;
Ford’s Ferry Road, 293–297;
Ford versus Simpson, 302, 303;
death, burial, grave, and will, 306, 309–313;
facsimile of signature, 313;
see _Ford’s Ferry Mystery_

Ford, James, Jr. (infant son of James Ford): 303

Ford, Philip (son of James Ford): will and grave of, 304

Ford, William M. (son of James Ford): 303;
will and grave of, 304, 305

Ford’s Boat Landing: 285

Ford’s Ferry: location of, 18

Ford’s Ferry Mystery: 283–306;
James Ford, 283–285;
Webb brothers at Cave, 286–292;
Ford’s Ferry Road, 293;
Potts tragedy, 294–301;
Ford versus Simpson, 302, 303;
death and wills of Philip and William Ford, 304, 306

Forman, Samuel S., _Journey_: 338

Fort de Chartres: 23

Fort Gibson: 196, 251

Fort Henry (Wheeling, W. Va.): 160, 164

Fort Massac: 159, 167, 274, 292

Fowler, Judge Wiley P. (attorney): 314–317

Frazier, Mrs. Elizabeth: marries James Ford, 303

Free Henry Ford: 126

Fulson (associate of Mason): 220, 229, 232

Gallatin Co. (Ill.): 313, 319

Gallows Field: near Old Greenville, 261;
picture of, 259

Garrard, Gov. James: urges capture of Harpes, 85, 92, 100;
issues proclamation, 88, 89

Gatewood, Mr. (attorney): 314

Geyon, Major: militia, 220

Gibson (associate of Mason): 220, 221, 223, 228, 229

Gibson, Smith (alias Druck Smith): 232

Gilmore, or Gillmore: killed by Harpes, 113

Given, Judge Dixon (attorney): 291

Glass, Anthony (associate of Mason): 191, 223, 225, 226, 231;
Mrs. Glass, 231

Golconda (Ill.): 18, 276, 293, 314, 318, 319

Gower, John (jailer at Stanford): 76, 77

Gratz, Simon, _Rodney Letters_: [258] 338

Grave Creek Fort: 160

Graves, John (and son): killed by Harpes, 102

Green, Willis (court clerk): 72

Green Co. (Ky.): 99

Green River: 84, 90, 92, 98, 103, 108, 116, 165, 235

Green Tree Grove (Ky.): 122

Greenville, Old [Hunston], (Miss.): 25, 151, 249, 250, 254–266;
Little Harpe and James May executed at, 255–266;
court records, 257–261, 335;
picture of Gallows Field, 259

Grindstone Ford: 185, 198

Grissom, William (or Gresham): pursues Harpes, 114–125, 131;
reward to, 139

Grundy, Judge Felix: 135

_Guardian of Freedom_: 102, 151, 262, 339

Guild, Josephus C., _Old Times in Tennessee_: 179–183, 201,
244 [262] 339

Gum Springs, Old (Miss.): 181

Hall, Frederick, _Letters_: 268, 339

Hall, James: 15, 330;
“Story of the Harpes,” _Port Folio_, 57, 58 [90]
_Letters from the West_, 67–69, 78, 105, 125, 176 [111];
_Harpe’s Head, or Kentucky A Tale_, 148, 150, 322–326;
_Legends of the West_, 326;
_Romance of Western History_ [176] _Western Souvenir_, 341;
_Western Monthly Magazine_, 330;
description of Harpes, 149–154;
Sturdevant in _Sketches_, 279–281

Hall, William (counterfeiter); 49

Hammack, Mrs.: visits Duff’s cave, 275, 276

Hand, Gen. Edward: 160, 161

Hanna, Charles A., _Wilderness Trail_: 339

Hardin, Mr.: killed by Harpes, 99

Hardin, Co. (Ill.): 18;
when formed, 313;
Cave a “corner” of county line, 313

Harpe, Betsey (alleged wife of Big Harpe): see _The Harpes_

Harpe, Big: see _The Harpes_

Harpe, Joe Roberts (alleged son of Big Harpe): 154

Harpe, John (brother of Wm. Harpe): 145

Harpe, Joshua (or Little Harpe): 145;
see _The Harpes_

Harpe, Little: see _The Harpes_

Harpe, Lovey (daughter of Big Harpe): 154, 155

Harpe, Micajah (or Big Harpe): see _The Harpes_

Harpe, Sally (wife of Little Harpe): see _The Harpes_

Harpe, Sally Rice (daughter): 156

Harpe, Susan (wife of Big Harpe): see _The Harpes_

Harpe, Wiley (or Little Harpe): see _The Harpes_

Harpe, William (brother of John Harpe): 145

Harpe, William (or Big Harpe): 145;
see _The Harpes_

Harpes, The:
(1) Big Harpe (alias Micajah Harpe, alias Micajah Roberts);
(2) Little Harpe (alias Wiley Harpe, alias Wiley Roberts, alias
John Setton, alias John Taylor, alias Wells, see also
_Setton_, _Taylor_, Wells);
(3) Susan Harpe, (wife of Big Harpe, alias Susan Roberts);
(4) Betsey Harpe, (supplementary wife of Big Harpe, alias Betsey
Walker, alias Betsey Roberts);
(5) Sally Harpe (wife of Little Harpe, alias Sally Rice, alias Sally
Roberts)....
Parentage, kinship, marriage, 60–63, 144–147, 154;
personal appearance, 61, 88, 89, 99, 148–154, 243, 244, 255, 262;
children, 79, 80, 105, 106, 137, 154–156, 326;
character, 14, 52, 55–58, 152–156;
motives, 60, 61, 157....
In Knoxville and Tenn., 61–66;
along Wilderness Road, 67–76;
imprisonment and trial at Stanford, 71–76;
in Danville jail, men escape, women released, 77–82;
governor’s proclamation of reward, 83–89, 100, 150;
reward paid, 139, 140;
on Diamond Island, 172, 173;
at Cave-in-Rock, 90–94;
return to Tenn., 94–97;
return to Ky., 97–106;
in Henderson Co., and lower Green River Country, 107–114;
capture and death of Big Harpe, escape of Little Harpe, 114–125, 136–138;
ultimate fate of Big Harpe’s captors, 141–154;
Big Harpe’s head on Harpe’s Head Road, 125–128....
Murders committed by:
Johnson, 65, 66;
Payton, 66;
Paca and Bates, 66, 67;
Langford, 67–77;
Trabue, 86, 87;
Dooley, 89, 90;
on Potts plantation, 90;
Bradbury, 95;
Coffey, 95, 96;
Ballard, 95;
Brassel, 96;
Tully, 98, 99;
Hardin, 99;
Graves and son, 102;
negro boy, 103;
small girl, 103;
Trisword brothers, 103, 104;
a child of Harpe, 105, 106, 137;
Trowbridge, 108,109;
Hudgens and Gilmore, 113;
Love, 111–114;
Mrs. Moses Stegall and son, 111–114;
Samuel Mason, 250–254....
Harpe women arrested, tried and released, 125–138;
ultimate fate of Harpe women, 154–156....
Little Harpe, as John Setton, Taylor, and Wells, in South and in
Mason’s band, 196–203, 203–266;
Draper’s notes on life of John Setton, 221, 222;
Harpe, as Setton, tells life of self, 220, 221;
facsimile of his signature as John Setton, 209;
testimony as Setton at Mason trial, 219–228;
sent in chains to New Orleans, 241–246;
joins May and helps kill Mason, 250–254;
captured and executed with May, 256–266

“Harpes, Sketch of the:” see _Draper_

“Harpes, Story of the:” see _James Hall_

_Harpe’s Head_, Hall: see _James Hall_

Harpe’s Head, and Harpe’s Head Road: 125–128, 143, 172

Harpe’s Hill: 126

Harpe’s “House”: 126

Harper, L. D.: _Colonial Men and Times_, including Trabue’s
_Autobiography_, 339;
see _Daniel Trabue_

Harper, W. L. (orator): 192, 253

Harriman Junction: 95

Harris, Thaddeus M., _Tour_: 24, 29, 339

Harrison, Benjamin and William (of Penn.): kinsman of Mason, 158, 218

Haussman, John D. (clerk): 133

Havard, Henry: “a bad man,” 170, 171

Hawkins Co. (Tenn.): 221

Haynes, Lucinda, in _Chronicles_: 329

Heatherly Gang: 154

“Hell on the Ohio,” _Logan Belt_, by Jackson: 311, 312

Henderson (Red Banks): 90, 92, 100, 107, 127, 129–133, 137, 143,
167–172, 177, 184, 235–238

Henderson and Madisonville Pike: 127

Henderson _Columbian_: 58

Henderson Co. (Ky.): 93, 107, 140, 141, 167–172, 176, 177, 249, 256;
county court records, 129–133, 335;
see Starling’s _Henderson County_, 343

Henry, Parson: 143

“Hercules Short,” or Hank Short in _Harpe’s Head_: 326

Herndon, George; on Harpes: 134, 155

Hewitt (accomplice of Mason): 171

Highland Creek: 107–109, 169, 172

Highland Lick: 107

Hildreth, S. P., _American Pioneer_: 40–43, 167, 168, 339

Hindes Co. (Miss.): 183, 188

Hiram (a slave): 302

Hite, Colonel: Mason steals horse from, 164

Hitesville (Ky.): 172

Hoffman, Charles Fenno, _Winter in the West_: 330, 339

Holstein River: 65, 99

Hopkins, Gen. Samuel: urges capture of Harpes, 100, 108, 129, 133;
sketch, 130

Houck, Louis, _Missouri_: 339

Hough, Emerson, _Story of the Outlaw_: 339

Howard, H. R.: _History of Virgil A. Stewart_, life of John A.
Murrell, 317, 318, 340

Howard, Joshua (sheriff): 318

Howard Memorial Library: 345

Howe, Henry, _Historical Collections_: 175, 245, 340

Hudgens (Hutchins): killed by Harpes, 113

Hufstetter, John: marries Betsey Roberts, 154

Hughes, Roudy Groggery: 65

Hulbert, A. B., _Ohio River_: 340

Hull, Nathaniel (Ill. pioneer): 23

Hull’s Landing (or Robbins Ferry): 23

Hunston: see _Old Greenville (Miss.)_

Hunter, Judge James G. (of Ky.): 80, 135

Hurricane Island: 44, 45, 50, 52, 176, 285, 301;
Camp Ground, 309

Huston, Judge Nathan: at Harpe trial, 72

_Illinois, Historic_; Parrish: 13, 341

_Illinois, Pioneer History of_, Reynolds: 23, 342

_Illinois Gazette_: 58, 90

Illinois State Historical Society: 340, 345;
see _John Jennings_, also _James A. Rose_

_Impartial Observer_: 101

Indiana State Historical Society: 340

Indians: 25, 27–29

Ingle’s (Inglish’s) Ferry: 74

Irby, David: account of trip with Langford, 73–75

Irene (a slave): 304

Island Ripple: 273, 274

Jackson, Shadrach L., _Logan Belt_: 311, 312, 340

Jackson (Miss.): 183, 185

James, Edwin, _Expedition to Rocky Mountains_: 32, 340

_James’ Traveler’s Companion_, Massey: 341

Jefferson Co. (Miss.): 248, 251, 257

Jefferson Co. (Tenn.): 65

Jennings, John, _Journal_: 23, 340

Johnson, Mr.: killed by Harpes, 65, 66

Jones, Charles H., _The Outlaw; and Other Poems_: 330–332

Jones, Rees: on Cumberland River, 238

Kaskaskia Tribe: 29

Kellogg, Louise Phelps: _Frontier Retreat_ [158, 163];
Thwaites and Kellogg: _Frontier Defence_ [163];
_Revolution on the Upper Ohio_ [160] 340, 344

_Kentucky, History of_: see _Allen_;
see _Collins_;
see _Marshall_

_Kentucky, Petitions to Early Inhabitants of_, Robertson [166] 342

_Kentucky Acts_: 98, 139, 140, 340

_Kentucky Gazette_: 69, 84, 90, 99, 101, 126, 184, 248, 251,
262, 263, 340

_Kentucky Herald_: 101

_Kentucky Settlement, Chronicles of a_: see _Watts_

Kentucky State Historical Society: 345

Kentucky State Library: 345

Ker, Judge David (of Miss.): 257

Kitty (a slave): 304

Knob Lick: 107, 170

Knox, Judge Hugh (of Ky.): 169

Knox Co. (Ky.): 66

Knox Co. (Tenn.): 111

Knoxville: described by Weir, 62, 63;
Harpes at, 62–66, 95, 146, 155, 255, 256

_Knoxville Gazette_: 101

Koiret, Mr.: secret service, 219, 223

Kuykendall [Corkendale], (son-in-law of Mason): 167, 168, 172

Lafitte, Jean (pirate): 272, 322

Lafond, Charles (merchant): 235, 238

LaForge, Pierre Antoine: New Madrid militia, 209, 210

Lambuth, Rev. William: unmolested by Harpes, 60

Landers, Judge Abraham (of Henderson): 129

Langford, Thomas (also Lankford and Stephen Langford): killed by
Harpes, 67–69;
Hall’s account, 67–69;
court investigation, 72–77;
pursuit of murderers, 84;
Mrs. Love, a relative, 142

Langlos, Francois (of New Madrid): 211

Lecompte, Mr. (of St. Louis): 233

_Legends of the West_, Hall; see _James Hall_

Leiper (Lieper) John: pursues Harpes, 114–125, 130–132;
deposition of, 132;
reward to, 139;
life of, 140–142;
Leiper street in Dixon, Ky., 144

Lesieur, Mr. (of Little Prairie): 210, 211

Lesueur, Charles Alexander: drawing of Cave, 35;
Life in America, by Loir, 35, 340

_Letters from the West_, Hall: see _James Hall_

Lewis, Lucy Jefferson, in _Chronicles_: 329;
two sons of, 329

Lexington Public Library: 345

Library of Congress: 345

_Life as It Is_: see _J. W. M. Breazeale_

Lincoln Co. (Ky.): 66, 69, 70, 84, 165;
Danville district court records, 70–76, 79–82, 335

Lindsey, Neville: pursues Harpes, 114–125, 130, 131;
deposition of, 132;
reward to, 139;
life, 140

_Literary Gazette_: 57, 58, 337

Little Prairie (now Caruthersville, Mo.): 205, 207–212, 230, 239;
Mason captured in, 207–215

Little Prairie of the St. Francis River: 220

Livingston Co. (Ky.): 272, 285, 316–319;
court records, 302–305, 312, 313, 335

Logan, Judge Hugh: at Harpe trial, 72

Logan Co. (Ky.): 103, 104, 165

_Logan District Court Records_, Russellville, Ky.: 129–133, 135, 335

Logan’s Fort (or St. Asaph’s): 70, 71;
now Stanford, Ky., 70, 71

Loir, Adrien, _Lesueur in America_: 35, 340

Long, C. W., Louisville _Post_: 340

Long, Stephen H., _Expedition to Rocky Mountains_: by James, 32, 340

Louisiana (a row galley): 220

Louisiana: Historical Society, 345;
State Museum, 345

Louisville: _Courier-Journal_, 316, 336, 341;
_Post_, 340;
_Western Literary and Historical Magazine_, 111–125, 344

Louisville Free Public Library: 345

Love, Arthur, in _Chronicles_: 291

Love, William: killed by Harpes, 111–114, 129, 131, 142;
wife Esther, 111, 112

Lowery, Robert, _Mississippi_: [192, 200,] 253, 340

Lumley, Jonathan (boatman): 286, 287

McBee, Squire Silas: 110–115;
story of Harpes told Draper, 115–125, 130, 131;
reward to, 139;
life of, 115, 140

McClung, John A., _Western Adventure_: 108

McCoy, Capt. Robert: captures Mason, 210–212;
testimony at trial, 216, 217;
takes Mason to New Orleans, 239–246;
death of, 247

McDowell, Judge Samuel (of Ky.): 80, 135

McFarland (M’Farling) Alexander, John, and Daniel: pursue Harpes, 92;
reward to, 140

Madison, James (Secretary of State): 200

Madisonville and Henderson Pike: 128

Manuel, Father: 234, 239

Marked Tree (Ark.): 318

Marrowbone Creek: 102

Marshall, Humphrey, _Kentucky_: [78] 340

Mason, Isaac (brother of Samuel Mason): 158, 164

Mason, John (son of Samuel): in Natchez jail, 188–190;
at New Madrid trial, 212–226, 228, 230, 233;
testimony of, 231, 232;
signature of, 209;
see _Samuel Mason_

Mason, Mrs. John (Marguerite Douglas): 198, 227, 236;
testimony of, 234

Mason, Joseph (brother of Samuel Mason): 158

Mason, Magnus (son of Samuel): New Madrid trial, 212;
testimony of, 234, 235;
becomes worthy citizen, 265

Mason, Samuel: 14, 25, 29, 37, 46–48, 52;
ancestry of, 157, 158, 217, 218;
personal appearance of, 244, 245;
Revolutionary soldier, 158–163, 165, 226;...
In Va. and Tenn., 163–165;
in Ky., near Russellville, 165, 166;
near and in Henderson, 167–172;
marriage of a daughter, 167, 168, 227;
on Diamond Island, 172–174;
at Cave-in-Rock, 174–176;
on Natchez Trace
and the Mississippi, 176–232;
robs Kentucky boatmen, 181–183;
robs Joshua Baker, 183–188, 190, 196, 216, 223–234;
robs Owsley, 219, 223, 225, 228, 233;
John Mason in Natchez jail, 188–190, 230, 232;
American and Spanish authorities look for Mason and Harpe, reward
offered, 191–205, 210, 233, 247, 252, 255....
Mason family captured at Little Prairie, 207–215;
trial at New Madrid, 215–240;
record of criminal procedure, 207–240, 335;
passport, 212–215, 236;
testimony at trial, 217–219, 228–231;
sent in chains with Little Harpe to New Orleans, 241–246;
escape, 247–251;
double-crossed and beheaded by Little Harpe and James May,
251–254, 272;
identification and execution of his murderers, 255, 266;
facsimile signatures of Samuel, John, and Thomas Mason, 208–209

Mason, Mrs. Samuel: 222, 234, 236

Mason, Samuel, Jr.: New Madrid trial, 212;
testimony of, 234;
becomes worthy citizen, 265

Mason, Thomas (brother of Samuel Mason): 158 [165?]

Mason, Thomas (son of Samuel): 165, 170;
New Madrid trial, 212–228, 232, 236, 237;
testimony of, 233, 234;
signature of, 209;
see _Samuel Mason_

Mason, Mrs. Thomas (daughter-in-law of Samuel): 201

Mason Hills: 201

Mason’s Creek: 172

Massey, S. L., _James’ Traveler’s Companion_: 341

Maximilian, Prince of Wied-Neuwied, _Voyage in America_: 32, 35, 341

May, James (or Isaac or Samuel May): 171, 249, 262;
joins Little Harpe and helps kill Mason, 250–254;
captured and executed with Little Harpe, 256–266

Meason, Samuel (same as Samuel Mason): 14, 160

Mecklenberg Co. (Va.): 67

Memphis (Chickasaw Bluffs): 222

Mercer Co. (Ky.): 84, 91, 92

Metcalf brothers: suspects, 65

Metcalfe Co. (Ky.): 89

_Mike Fink, A Legend of the Ohio_, Bennett: 327

“Mike Fink, The last of the Boatmen:” Neville, 341

Miles, Richard (kinsman of Ford): 306

Miller, John (merchant): 64

“Mississippi, Extinct Towns of,” Riley: 263, 342

_Mississippi, History of_, Lowry and McCradle: [192, 200] 253, 340

_Mississippi, Valley of the_, Monette: 176, 178, 191, 199,
202, 252, 341

_Mississippi, as a Province, Territory and State_, see _J. F. H.
Claiborne_

Mississippi, Department of Archives and History, 207, 246,
335, 341, 345;
MS. of Mason’s trial, 207

_Missouri, History of_, Houck: 339

Missouri Historical Society: 341, 345

Moat’s Lick: 272

Monette, John W., _Valley of the Mississippi_: 176, 178, 191, 199,
202, 252, 341

Monongahela River: 218

Monroe, James (steamboat): 31

Montgomery, Thos. (notary): 72

Montgomery, Judge William: at Harpe trial, 72

Montgomery Co. (Va.): 74

Morgan Co. (Tenn.): 95

Mosique, Mr. (of Ill.): suspect, 233

Mound Builders: 27, 28

Mud River: 104

Muhlenberg Co. (Ky): 122, 126;
Rothert’s history of, 342

Mulligan, James (associate of Shouse): 308, 313–315

Murphy, Samuel: on Mason’s career, 164

Murray, C. A., _Travels_: 268, 341

Murrell, John A. (“land pirate,”): 317, 318, 341;
see _H. R. Howard’s Stewart_

Nashville: 179, 180

Natchez: 23, 25, 179, 180, 181, 188, 191, 197, 204, 246–252,
263, 264, 272

_Natchez Galaxy_: 185–188, 344

Natchez Trace: 13, 43, 178, 223–225, 230, 254, 265, 266, 343;
described, 179–181;
Mason on, 179–205;
Swaney on, 179–183, 201;
see _Mrs. Rowland_, and _John Swain_

_Navigator, The Ohio and Mississippi_, Cramer: 24, 39–41, 44,
173, 203, 337

_Navigator, Western_, Cummings: 285, 337

Neville, Morgan, “Mike Fink, The Last of the Boatmen:” 341

New Harmony Workingmen’s Institute: 345;
communal colony, 35

New Madrid: 177, 180, 204, 205, 242;
Mason’s trial at, 207–240

New Orleans: Mason prison at, 183, 241–246

Newberry Library: 345

Nicholson, William (sheriff): 226

Nogales: see _Vicksburg_

Nonpareil (schooner): 41–43

Nuttall, Thomas, _Travels_: 27, 31, 341

Ogle, Capt. Joseph: Fort Henry, 161, 162

_Ohio, On the Storied_, Thwaites 343

Ohio County Militia (W. Va.): 160 163

Ohio Historical and Philosophical Society: 345

_Oldfield_, Banks: 322

Ormsby, Judge Stephen (of Ky.): 80

“Outlaw, The,” poem, Charles H. Jones, in _The Outlaw_: 330–332

Owsley, Mr.: robbed by Mason, 219, 223, 225, 228, 233

Paca killed by Harpes, 66, 67

Paducah (Ky.): 18

_Palladium_: 101, 102, 204, 248, 249;
proclamation by Governor Garrard, 88, 89, 341

Palmyra (Miss.): 201

Parrish, Randall, _Historic Illinois_: 13, 341

Parrott, Mr. (attorney): 258

Parrow, E. C, in _Folk-Lore Journal_: [57] 338

Pearl River: 185, 186

Peltier, Eustache: testimony Mason’s trial, 238

Pennsylvania Historical Society: [258], 341

Perrin du Lac, _Travels_: 24, 341

Peyroux, Henri (commandant, New Madrid): 209, 211–215

Peyton: killed by Harpes, 66

Phillips: in boat robbery, 219, 223, 225, 229, 232

Pickering Hill: 293, 294, 296

Pickett Co. (Tenn.): 97

Piracy on rivers: 37–53, 175, 176, 178, 203

Pittsylvania Co. (Va.): 73, 74

Plug, Colonel, (or Colonel Fluger, boat-wrecker): 43, 344

Poindexter, George (attorney general): 258

Point Coupee: 246, 247

Pompey (slave): 275–278

Pond River: 116, 118, 121, 126, 132, 155

Pool, A. H. T., “Smithland:” 341

Pope Co. (Ill.): 313, 318, 319;
court records, 313, 314, 335

Port Folio: 341, the Harpes, by Hall, 57, 58, 67–69 [58, 90];
D. Roe on Mason, 252;
Ashe condemned by, 325

Potts, Billy: 294, 298, 301;
kills his son, 294–298

Potts’ Hill, and Potts’ Spring: 293–297

Potts’ Place: 143

Potts’ Plantation: Harpes murder on, 90

Priest, Josiah, _American Antiquities_: 342

Prior, Mr., in _Chronicles_: 291

Providence Lake: 201

Purcell, Martha G.: _Stories of Old Kentucky_, 342;
“Sister of Sage of Monticello,” 329, 342

Pyles, John: pursues Harpes, 113, 114

Rafinesque (scientist): 342

Rankin, John, _Letters_: 342

Red Banks: see _Henderson (Ky.)_

Red River: 165

Rennick, Lieut. Seymour: letter to, 197, 198

_Revolutionary Soldiers of Virginia, List of_: 160, 344

Reynold, John: _My Own Times_, 273, 274, 281, 342;
_Pioneer Illinois_, 23, 342

Rice, Rev. John (father-in law of Little Harpe): 63, 155, 156

Rice, Sally (wife of Little Harpe) see _The Harpes_

Richards, J. Addison, _Romance of American Landscapes_: 173, 342

Richardson, Jacob, “Going West in 1820:” 342

Riley, F. L., “Extinct Towns of Mississippi:” 263, 342

Rivers, piracy and rough life on: 37–53, 175, 176, 178, 203

Roane Co. (Tenn.): 95

“Robber of the Wilderness:” _Natchez Galaxy_, also _Wheeling Gazette_,
_Draper MSS._, 185–188, 344

Roberts (brother-in-law of Harpe): 153, 154

Roberts, Betsey (alleged wife of Big Harpe) see _The Harpes_

Roberts, Joe (alleged son of Big Harpe): 154

Roberts, Micajah (or Big Harpe): see _The Harpes_

Roberts, Old Man (father-in-law of Big Harpe): 92, 99, 102,
103, 141, 153

Roberts, Sally (wife of Little Harpe) see _The Harpes_

Roberts, Susan (wife of Big Harpe): see _The Harpes_

Roberts, Wiley (or Little Harpe): see _The Harpes_

Robertson, James R., _Petition of Early Inhabitants of Kentucky_:
[166] 342

Robertson’s Lick: 107, 108, 113, 114, 127, 130, 131;
Robert Robertson, 141

Robin’s Ferry (or Hull’s Landing): 23

Rockcastle Co. (Ky.): 67

Rockcastle River: 72

Rocky Springs: 200, 201

Rodney (Miss.): 251

Rodney, Judge Thomas (of Miss.): 257;
“Letters to Caesar A. Rodney,” [258] 342

Roe, Daniel: letter, 252

Roe, Edward Reynolds: _Virginia Rose_, 327, 328;
_Brought to Bay_, 327

Rogers, Mr. (of Natchez): robbed by Mason, 184

Rogues Harbor: near Cave, 322

Roosevelt, Theodore, _Winning of the West_: 342

Rose, Edward (outlaw): 265

Rose, James A., “Regulators and Flatheads:” 281, 342

Rose, Virginia, in _Virginia Rose_, by E. R. Roe: 327, 328

Rothert, Otto A.: _Muhlenberg County_ [63, 127] 342;
_Unity Baptist Church_ [126] 342;
_Local History_, 342

_’Round Anvil Rock_, Banks: 272, 273, 322

Rowan, Andrew (sheriff): 133

Rowland, Dunbar: Mississippi Department of Archives, 207;
_Gov. Claiborne’s Letter Books_, 196–198 [195, 196, 264] 343;
_Encyclopedia of Mississippi History_, 342;
MS. record Mason trial, 207, 335

Rowland, Mrs. Dunbar: “Natchez Trace:” [201] 343

Ruddell, George: reports detection of Masons, 210, 211

Ruddell, John (of Little Prairie): 210

Russell Co. (Ky.): 92, 102, 141, 153

Russellville (Ky.): 103, 104, 130, 154, 165;
Harpe women at, 133–138

_Russellville and Logan County_, Finley: 165, 271–274, 338

Russellville and Morgantown Road: 104

St. Genevieve (Mo.): 239

St. Louis _Republic_: 343

Salcedo, Manuel de: letter to, 192;
letter from 246

Salem (Ky.): 286, 291

Saline River: 90, 273, 274, 277, 278

Salt River, Rolling Fork of: 73, 85

Scaggs, Henry: pursues Harpe, 85–87

Schoolcraft, Henry R.: 334;
_Memoirs_, 29, 330;
_Indian in His Wigwam_, 330

Schultz, Christian, _Travels_: 25, 343

Sealsfield, Charles, _Americans as They Are_: 343

Sebree (Ky.): 107

Sellers, Isham: 130;
deposition, 131

Setton, John (name assumed by Little Harpe, after death of Big Harpe):
203, 212, 217, 219, 221, 228, 233, 234, 237, 241, 250, 252,
254, 256–262;
own story of life, 220, 221;
Draper on life of, 221, 222;
see _John Taylor_;
see _The Harpes_

Sevier, G. W. (of Tenn.): 60, 126, 164

Sevier, Gov. John: 60, 164, 165

Seymour, Samuel (artist): 32

Shankstown, Old (Miss.): 253, 265

Sharpe, William: witness for Shouse, 315

Shawneetown (Ill.): 18, 27, 32, 45, 90, 293, 327, 328

Short, Hark, “Hercules Short,” (alleged son of Big Harpe): 326

Shouse, Henry C: 301;
kills Simpson, 307, 313, 314;
trial of, 314–318;
hanged, 319

Simmons, Mr. (flatboatman): 311

Simpson, Vincent B.: 301;
Ford versus Simpson, 302, 303;
killed by Shouse, 307–314

Slover, John (Indian fighter): 108, 109

Smith, Druck (alias Smith Gibson): 232

Smith, George: wounded by Harpe, 118, 136, 137

Smith, Rev. John: letter on Mason, 246, 247

Smith, T. Marshall, _Legends_: 103, 105, 146 [61, 62, 67, 105, 138]
343

Smith, Thomas (of Henderson): 170

Smithland (Ky.): 94, 285, 291, 341

Spaulding, Martin J., _Early Catholic Missions in Kentucky_: 343

Spanish authority along the Mississippi: 178, 192, 195, 205, 242

Spears, George: pursues Harpe, 86

Speed, Thomas, _Wilderness Road_: [70] 343

Stack Island (Crow’s Nest, or Island No. 94): 201–204

Stafford, William H., _Blennerhassett Papers_: 343

Stalnaker, Peter (associate of Mason): 163, 164

Stanford (Ky.), (Logan’s Fort): 66, 69, 70:
court records, 70, 76, 355

Starling, Edmund L. _Henderson County_: 91, 92, 168, 326 [92, 93,
107, 130] 343

Steamboat: Orleans, 31;
Paragon, 32

Steele, Eliza R., _Journey_: 343

Stegall, John (infant): killed by Harpes, 111–114

Stegall, Steigal, Moses: 110, 129–132;
pursues Harpes, 114–125;
reward to, 139;
Stegall street in Dixon, 144;
life of, 142–144

Stegall, Mrs. Moses (Mrs. Mary Stegall): killed by Harpes, 111–114,
129, 132, 134

Stephens, C. A., _The Ark of 1803_: 322

Steuben’s Lick (Ky.): 109

Stevenson, William H. J. (associate of Shouse): 308, 313–315

Stewart, William (sheriff): 104, 133–138, 150–156;
Sketch of, 138

Stewart, _History of Virgil A._ (life of John A. Murrell):
317, 318, 340;
see _H. R. Howard_

Stockton, Nathaniel: pursues Harpes, 98–100

Strong, W. E.: pursues Harpes, 84

Stump, Mr.: killed by Harpes, 89, 90

Stump, Capt. Frederick: identifies Little Harpe, 255

Stump, Capt. John: interviewed by Draper, 255

Sturdevant (counterfeiter): 272, 278;
Hall’s _Sketches_, 279–281;
see _Counterfeiters at Cave_

Sulphur Springs Cave (Ill.): 30