Chapter LXXXIII: Book IX: The Next Stage in History (3)

Coke, ii, 275

Cole, Langton, i, 212

Collectivism, ii, 412

Cologne, ii, 60, 180, 182

Colonies, British, ii, 279-83, 471;
scramble for, ii, 449-61

Colorado, i, 39

Colosseum, i, 609, ii, 41

Columba, St., ii, 50

Columbus, Bartholomew, ii, 186

Columbus, Christopher, ii, 185 _sqq._, 200, 605, 617

Comedy, Greek, i, 363

Comet, i, 4, 608

Commagene (kom _ă_ jē’ nē), i, 621

Commodus (kom’ _ŏ_ dŭs), i, 527-29

Commons, House of, ii, 219-28, 236, 286, 298, 313, 400

Commune, French Revolution, ii, 328, 336

Communism, ii, 153-58, 270 _sqq._, 341, 410, 412

Communities, i, 171, ii, 142-48

Community of obedience, ii, 296;
of will, ii, 296

Comnena, Anna.
(_See_ Anna)

Comnenus, Alexius.
(_See_ Alexius)

“Companions,” equestrian order, i, 369, 371

Compass, i, 635, ii, 193

Concert of Europe, ii, 373, 377, 384

Concord, Mass., ii, 290, 294

Concord, Temple of, i, 499, ii, 607

Condor, the, i, 5

Condorcet (ko_n_ dôr sā’), ii, 358

Confucianism, i, 433-40, 642

Confucius, i, 196, 270, 433-40, 449, 582, 618, 624, 636, ii, 607

Congo, i, 159, ii, 460

Congregationalism, ii, 163

Congress, American, ii, 300

Congress, 1st Colonial, ii, 290

Conifers, i, 38

Connecticut, ii, 281, 282, 290, 296

Conrad II, ii, 63

Conrad III, ii, 63, 80

Constance, ii, 151

Constance, Council of, ii, 96, 100, 151, 617

Constantine I the Great, i, 433, 488, 517,
529, 553, 560, 594, 597, 602, 615, 617, 618, 625, 647, 648,
ii, 82, 133, 136, 268, 611, 612

Constantine, King of Greece, ii, 524

Constantinople, i, 554, 557, 559-65, 600-08, 614-19,
ii, 2, 18-20, 24, 28, 57, 67, 70-72, 76-82, 97, 110,
118-24, 141, 168, 182, 247, 440, 483,
502, 509, 611, 612, 613, 614, 615, 616, 617.
(_See also_ Byzantium)

Consuls, Roman, i, 455

Convicts sent to New England, ii, 284

Cooking, i, 105, 106, 113

Co-operative Societies, ii, 406

Copernicus (kō per’ ni kŭs), ii, 175, 618

Copper, i, 4, 105, 207, 217, ii, 189, 389

Copper axes, i, 132

Coptic language, i, 154

Coracles, i, 209

Corday, Charlotte, ii, 325

Cordoba (kôr’ dō bă), ii, 36, 37

Corfinium, i, 464

Corfu (kôr foo’), ii, 180

Corinth (and Corinthians), i, 303,
321, 336, 375, 382, 485, 491, 497, 509, 511, 536, 560, 589, ii, 608

Corinth, isthmus of, i, 336

Cornish people, i, 152

“Cornstalks,” i, 143

Cornwall, i, 106, 217, 605, ii, 40, 51, 225

Cornwallis, General, ii, 292

Corrosive sublimate, ii, 38

Corsets, i, 214

Corsica, i, 471, 556, ii, 348-49

Cortez, ii, 189-90, 618

Corvus, the, i, 470

Cossacks, ii, 129, 244, 259-61

Coster, printer, ii, 159, 617

Cotton industry, ii, 275

Cotylosaur (kot’ i lō sawr), i, 27

Councils, Church, ii, 74, 95, 100, 151, 153, 167, 611, 617

Counting, i, 151

“Counts of Asia Minor,” ii, 137

Court system, i, 263

Couvade (ku väd’), i, 147

Cow, sacred to Brahmins, ii, 454

Cow deities, i, 237

Cox, Hippesley, i, 110

Crab-apples, i, 113

Crabs, i, 10

Crabtree, Rev. W., i, 189

Cranach, ii, 203

Cranium, of apes, i, 72;
Piltdown.
(_See_ Piltdown)

Crassus, i, 352, 478, 507-11, 549, 616, ii, 19, 609

Crawley, A. E., i, 131

Creation, story of, i, 278, 293, ii, 418-20

Crécy, ii, 179

Crediton, ii, 51

Creeds, Christian, i, 592, 609, ii, 73, 611

Cremation, i, 171

_Cressy_, cruiser, ii, 520

Cretan Labyrinth, i, 214-16;
language, i, 162, 289;
script, i, 228

Crete (and Cretans), i, 104, 189, 196, 212-16, 234, 274, 282, 315, 316

Crimea, ii, 118, 153

Crimean War, ii, 440, 623

Criminals, Roman, i, 490-91;
used for vivisection, i, 403, 404

Crispus, son of Constantine, i, 599

Critias, i, 331

Croatia, i, 616

Crocodiles, i, 41, 46

Crœsus (krē’ sŭs), i, 220, 314, 320-26, 416, ii, 607

Croll, i, 30

Cro-Magnon race, i, 87, 88-95, 99-100

Cromwell, Oliver, ii, 222-25, 284, 287, 491

Cromwell, Thomas, ii, 197

Cross, in Buddhist ritual, i, 429;
true, i, 618, ii, 21, 82

Crown, the power of the, ii, 228

Crucifixion, i, 550, 590

Crusades, ii, 34, 75 _sqq._, 80-84, 94, 97,
124, 152, 179, 229, 397, 615, 616, 617

Crustaceans, i, 25

Crystal Palace, ii, 437

Crystals, i, 9, 17

Ctesiphon (tes’ i fon), i, 618, 622, 624, 626, 634, ii, 22, 31, 82, 129, 522

Cuba, ii, 193, 451, 506

Cubit, length of, i, 290

Culture, Aryan, i, 171-82;
Heliolithic, i, 147-49, 162, 171, 177, 184,
188, 196, 201, 207-13, 223, 415;
Neolithic, i, 104-5, 107-8, 110 _sqq._, 128,
146, 149, 152, 172-73, 184-88, 197, 203, 205-8, 415;
prehistoric and primitive, i, 76 _sqq._, 122 _sqq._
(_See also_ Civilization)

Cumont, i, 412, 590

Cuneiform (kū’ nē i fôrm), i, 191, 227, 274

Cup, pebble, i, 90

Currency, ii, 342-47, 385, 406, 413, 535

Cusæans, i, 394

Custozza, ii, 445

Cuvier (ku vyā), ii, 419

Cyaxares (si ăk’ să rēz), i, 319, ii, 607

Cycads (sī’ kădz), i, 38, 51

Cynics, i, 360

Cyprus, i, 106, 213, 331, 340, 380, 395, ii, 447

Cyrenaica (sir ē nā’ i kă), i, 500

Cyrene (sī rē’ nē), i, 529

Cyrus, the Great, i, 194, 196, 220, 248,
260, 278, 292, 314, 320-26, 370, 389,
416, 445, 523, 542, 622, 624, ii, 607

Cyrus, the Younger, i, 342

Czecho-Slovaks, ii, 380

Czechs (cheks), i, 554, ii, 153

Dacia, i, 526, 553, 564, ii, 71

Dædalus (dē’ d_ă_ lŭs), i, 215

Dagon, i, 245, 412

Dalai Lama (dä lī’ lă’ mä), i, 438

Dalmatia, i, 37, 554, 606, 616, ii, 51, 57, 564, 611, 613

Damascus, i, 102, 218, 273, 523, 618, 623, ii, 1, 18, 20, 28, 31, 37, 154, 612

Damask, i, 273

Damietta, ii, 82

Damon, friend of Pericles, i, 349

Dancing, i, 174, 354

Danelaw, ii, 54, 614

Danes, ii, 53, 54, 66, 228, 614

Daniel, book of, i, 277

Danish language, i, 168

Dante, ii, 160

Danton, ii, 324, 329-36

Dantzig, ii, 180, 251, 564

Danube, i, 153, 298, 300, 327-31, 372, 377, 387, 507, 508, 523, 526,
533, 539, 545, 549, 551, 553, 557, 558, 564,
606, 616, 627, ii, 51, 69, 76, 142, 266, 522, 610

Danubian provinces, ii, 382, 440

Dardanelles, i, 302, ii, 121, 521

Darius (dă rī’ ŭs) I, i, 248, 326-32, 334, 339, 386, ii, 607

Darius II, i, 342

Darius III, i, 379-80, 384-87, 390, 394, 507,
542, ii, 20, 122, 366-67, 608

Dark ages, the, i, 607

Darling region, i, 143

Dartmouth, Lord, ii, 305

Darwin, Charles, i, 67, ii, 420, 427

Darwin, Prof. G. H., i, 31

Darwinism, ii, 420-27

David, King, i, 286-89, 293, 569, 574, 580, ii, 156, 606

Davids, Rhys, i, 415, 420, 421, 428, 430

Davidson, J. L. Strachan, i, 513

Davis, i, 603

Davis, J. W., ii, 507-08

Davis, Stearns, ii, 475

Dawes, ii, 290

Dawson, Sir William, i, 9

Day, length of, i, 6, 51

Dead, eating the, i, 197

Dead Sea, i, 120

Debtor, slavery as fate of, i, 257

Déchelette, i, 111

Decimal notation, ii, 37

Decius, Emperor, i, 528, 553, 594, ii, 610

Declaration of Independence, ii, 293, 296

_Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire_ (Gibbon), ii, 263-69

Deer, i, 70

Defoe, Daniel, ii, 235, 272, 305, 394

Deformities, i, 147

Delaware, ii, 283, 290

Delcassé, ii, 484

Delhi, ii, 108, 132, 256, 257, 454, 455, 615

Delian League, i, 314, 346

Delos, Island of, i, 311, 313

Delphi, i, 313, 320-22, 370, 395, 536

Delphi, oracle of, i, 305, 321-23

Delphic amphictyony, i, 372

Demeter (de më’ t_ĕ_r), i, 354, 374, 538

Democracy, i, 309-13, 456, ii, 163, 164, 273, 298, 326

Demos, i, 309

Demosthenes (d_ĕ_ mos’ th_ĕ_ nēz), i, 358, 363, 368, 376, 387, 473, 513

Deniker, i, 102, 103

Denmark, i, 109, 110, 539, ii, 51, 65, 66, 162, 206, 225,
242, 252-53, 257, 266, 381, 442, 451, 614

Deportation, i, 193

Dervishes, ii, 122

Descartes (dā kart’), ii, 419

Deshima, ii, 465, 466

Deuteronomy, book of, i, 281

Devon, ii, 225

Dewlish, i, 78

Dialects, i, 300

Diaspora (dī ăs’ p_ŏ_ r_ă_), i, 411, 569-71

Diaz (dē’ äs), ii, 185, 617

Dicasts, i, 310

Dickens, Charles, ii, 180

Dickinson, Lowes, ii, 543

Dicrorerus (dī kr_ŏ_ rē’ rŭs), i, 58

Dictator, Roman, i, 459

Diderot (dēd rō’), ii, 308

Diet (assembly), ii, 234, 250

Dillon, Dr., ii, 543, 551, 553

Dinosaurs (dī’ n_ŏ_ sawrz), i, 41, 46

Dinothere (dī’ n_ŏ_ thēr), i, 58

Diocletian, i, 529, 561, 594, 599-600, ii, 611

Dionysus, god, i, 354, 373

Dionysius of Syracuse, i, 434, 468

Diplodocus (dip lod’ _ŏ_ kŭs), i, 40

Disease, infectious, i, 126

Dispensations, papal, ii, 86, 93

Disraeli, Benjamin.
(_See_ Beaconsfield, Earl of)

Divans, ii, 32

Divination, i, 464

Divine right, ii, 164, 377

Divus Cæsar, i, 526

Dixon line, ii, 282, 284

Dnieper (nē’ p_ĕ_r), i, 153, 510, 553, ii, 110, 260

Doctors, i, 235

Dog, the, i, 56, 105, 108, 112, 116, 230

Dolichocephalic (dol i kō s_ĕ_ făl’ ik) skull, i, 142-46

Dolmens, i, 109

Domazlice, ii, 152, 617

Dominic, St., ii, 95-96, 615

Dominican Order, ii, 95-96, 116, 127, 193, 465, 615

Domitian, i, 526, ii, 610

Don, river, i, 153, 549, ii, 261

Don Cossacks, ii, 260

Donatello, ii, 183

Dordogne (dör dō’ ny_ĕ_), i, 100

Doric dialect, i, 300

Dorset, i, 78

Dortmund, ii, 182

Dostoievski (dos to ef’ ski), ii, 502

Doubs, i, 100

Douglas, Sir R. K., i, 253

Dover, ii, 180

Dover, Straits of, i, 507

Dragon flies, i, 28

Dragonnades, ii, 239, 253

Dravidian civilization, i, 196, 203, 415, ii, 142;
language, i, 158, 189

Dravidians, i, 146, 159, 160, 169, 182, 270, 315, ii, 134

Drepanum (drep’ _ă_ nŭm), i, 470

_Dresden_, cruiser, ii, 520

Dresden, battle of, ii, 368

Driver, S. R., i, 288

Drogheda, ii, 224

Druids, i, 135

Drums, Neolithic, i, 115

Drusus, Livius, i, 503

Dryopithecus (drī _ŏ_ pi thē’ kŭs), i, 66

Dubarry, Comtesse, ii, 240

Dublin, ii, 492, 493, 498, 499

Duma, the, ii, 525

Dumouriez (du moo ryā’), General, ii, 329

Dunbar, battle of, ii, 225

Dunce, derivation of, ii, 172

Dunkirk, ii, 226

Duns Scotus, ii, 171, 616

Dunstan, ii, 150

Dupleix (du plā’), ii, 258

Durazzo (du rad’ zō), i, 561, ii, 67, 72, 80, 616

Durham, ii, 396;
University of, ii, 437

Durham, Lord, ii, 293

Düsseldorf, i, 72

Dutch language, ii, 47, 228;
people, ii, 47;
Republic, ii, 228-33, 380;
settlements and seamanship, i, 84, ii, 188, 253, 282-83, 461, 465-66.
(_See also_ Holland)

Duyvendak, Mr., i, 630, 641

Dwellings, Neolithic, i, 114

Dyeing, ii, 38

Dynamics, ii, 176

_Dynasts, The_, i, 335, ii, 348

Earth, the, i, 3-8, 13-15, 29-34, 56-59

East, orientation to, i, 238

East India Company, ii, 258, 289, 451, 453

Easter, feast of, i, 129

Easter lamb, i, 588

Eastern (Greek) Empire.
(_See_ Byzantine Empire)

Eastlake, ii, 404

Ebenezer, i, 283

Ebro, river, i, 354, 472, 475

Ecbatana (ek băt’ _ă_ n_ă_), i, 626

Ecclesiastes, book of, i, 277

Echidna (e kid’ n_ă_), i, 54

Economists, French, ii, 309

Economus (ē kon’ ō mŭs), battle of, i, 470, ii, 608

Eden, garden of, i, 293, ii, 418

Eder, ii, 513

Edessa, i, 621, ii, 78, 80

Edgar, ii, 150

Edom, ii, 244

Education, i, 267, 270, 272, 408-9, 612-13,
ii, 137, 146, 147, 166, 270 _sqq._, 302,
357, 385, 390-92, 396-97, 413, 428-31

Edward I, ii, 219

Edward VI, ii, 218, 220

Edward VII, ii, 228, 488

Edward, Prince of Wales, son of George V, ii, 498

Egbert, ii, 51, 53, 614

Egerton, H. E., ii, 377

Eggs, i, 39, 53, 54, 114

Egibi (ē gē’ bē), i, 265

Eginhard, ii, 59

Egmont, Count of, ii, 229

Egypt, i, 106, 154, 156, 395, 522, 561,
570, 572, 574, 618, ii, 1, 30, 83, 84, 94, 139, 153, 612;
history (_early_), i, 133, 148, 183-86,
195-98, 200-01, 204, 209-13, 220, 228,
229, 233-34, 246, 248, 256, 261, 265, 267,
274, 277-82, 289, 290-95, 307, 315-16, 323,
326-27, 334, 340, 342, 359, 522, ii, 1, 189, 605, 606;
(_and Greece_), i, 382, 389, 401-02, ii, 607;
(_and Rome_), i, 480, 500, 510-12, 533;
(_and Islam_), ii, 21-24, 29-32, 37, 64, 71,
82-84, 106, 114, 118, 122, 126, 132, 614, 618;
(_modern period_), ii, 351, 353, 359, 453, 460, 471, 500, 621, 623;
Christianity in, i, 604, 610, ii, 74, 149;
Jews in, i, 402, 436, 572, ii, 607;
Kingship in, i, 248-52, 263, 520;
religious systems, i, 197-98, 236-42, 248-52,
296, 382-83, 404, 410-14, 431, 538, 590-91

Egyptian language, i, 154

Egyptian script, i, 208, 228

Egyptian shipping, i, 273

“Egyptians” (Gipsies), ii, 137

Elam (ē’ lăm), i, 189, 318

Elamite language, i, 162

Elamites, i, 189, 194, 245, 385, ii, 105

Elba, ii, 371, 374

Elbe, ii, 80

Elections, i, 494, ii, 302

Electricity, ii, 388, 389-90

Electrum, i, 220

Elephants, i, 57, 70, 76, 78, 102, 207, 210, 317, 386, 453, 455, 470-79, ii, 20

Eli, judge, i, 283-85

Elixir of life, ii, 174

Elizabeth, Queen of England, ii, 218, 220, 232, 258, 280

Elizabeth, Empress of Russia, ii, 242, 620

El-lil, i, 190

_Emden_, cruiser, ii, 520

Emesa (em´ ē s_ă_), i, 621

Emigration, ii, 76

Emirs, ii, 31

Emmet, Robert, ii, 493

Emperor, title of, i, 565

Emperors of Germany, ii, 199

Employers and employed, ii, 276, 397-98

Enclosure Acts, ii, 272-76

“Encyclopædists,” the, ii, 309

England, i, 605, ii, 64, 66, 178, 200, 433, 470-71;
history (_early_), i, 52, 101, 645, ii, 40, 50-54, 66, 614;
(_under the Normans_), ii, 67, 615;
(_in the 13th and 14th centuries_), ii, 176-77;
(_Civil war_), ii, 218, 221-25, 281;
(_war with Holland_), ii, 225-26, 282;
(_war with Spain_), ii, 220, 225;
(_reign of Charles II_), ii, 225-26;
(_in 18th century_), ii, 226-28;
(_and America_), ii, 253-54;
(_union with Ireland_), ii, 621;
_political and constitutional_, i, 463,
465, ii, 194, 216-17, 219-21, 226-28, 236;
religion, i, 642, ii, 49-54, 99, 150,
162, 206, 220, 221, 225, 252, 253, 282;
social, ii, 154-56, 244, 271-73, 324, 334, 617.
(_See also_ Britain, Great Britain, _and_ the Great War)

English, the, ii, 50, 58, 66-67, 611

English language, i, 151, 564, 638, ii, 50, 160

English seamen, ii, 188

Entelodont (en tel´ ō dont), i, 53

Eoanthropus (ē ō ăn thrō´ pŭs), i, 60, 70-74.
(_See also_ Man)

Eocene (ē´ ō sēn) period, i, 52-59

Eohippus, i, 56

Eolithic age, i, 75

Eoliths, i, 68, 102, ii, 605

Eozoon (ē ō zō´ _ŏ_n) Canadense, i, 9

Ephesus (ef´ ē sŭs), i, 340, 379, 589, ii, 79

Ephesus, Council of, i, 602

Ephthalite (ef´ th_ă_ līt) coins, i, 329

Ephthalites, i, 628-30, 646, ii, 611, 612

Epics, i, 173, 175, 232

Epictetus (ep ik tē´ tŭs), i, 492

Epicureans (ep i kū rē´ _ă_nz), i, 360, 363, 632

Epirus (ē pī´ rŭs), i, 375, 376, 452, 454, ii, 67, 122

Equality, ii, 16, 296

Equator, i, 31-33

Equinoxes, i, 31

Equisetums (ek wi sē´ tŭmz), i, 27

Erasistratus (er ă sis´ tră tŭs), i, 404

Eratosthenes (er ă tos´ th_ĕ_ nēz), i, 13, 402, 405, 408

Erech, i, 190

Eretria, i, 332

Erfurt, ii, 364

Eridu (ā´ ri doo), i, 133, 190, 195, 196, 210, ii, 130

Ervine, St. John, ii, 499

Esarhaddon (ē săr hăd´ _ŏ_n), i, 246, 291, 319, ii, 606

Essad Pasha, ii, 554

Essenes (e sēnz´), i, 610

Essex, i, 623, ii, 40

Esthonians, ii, 244

Ethiopia (and Ethiopians), i, 200, 250, 383, ii, 606

Ethiopian dynasty, i, 195, ii, 606

Ethiopic language, i, 154

Ethnologists, i, 141

Etiquette in China, i, 434

Eton College, ii, 427

Etruria, i, 450, 460, 475

Etruscans, i, 447-50, 459, 464, ii, 91, 146, 606, 607

Eucharist, the, i, 591

Euclid, i, 364, 402, ii, 37

Euphrates, i, 148, 184-90, 194, 199, 203,
209, 238, 250, 291, 317, 507, 508, 523,
540, 562, 616, 622, ii, 2, 607

Euripides (ū rip´ i dēz), i, 351, 355, 369, 392

Europe, i, 151, 159-62;
Christianity in, i, 517, 603-05, 609, ii,
51, 84-86, 90, 96, 99-101, 114, 148,
159-63, 166-67, 206, 234, 244, 246, 270;
common cause in, ii, 74-77;
Concert of, ii, 373, 377, 378, 384, 385;
feudalism in, ii, 42 _sqq._;
history (general), i, 334, 544, 605-06, 625,
ii, 42-43, 54-57, 107, 140, 181, 200, 202, 206,
216, 232-36, 240-53, 262-63, 269-72, 360 _sqq._, 367, 370, 377-82, 431;
Huns in, i, 559, 628;
Imperialism in, ii, 469-70, 475 _sqq._;
industrial revolution in, ii,276;
intellectual development in, ii, 37-39, 88-89, 147, 167-69, 174-76;
languages of, i, 161;
literature of, ii, 160;
“Marriage with Asia,” i, 390;
mechanical revolution in, ii, 393 _sqq._;
monarchy in, ii, 211, 230, 236-43, 253;
Mongolians in, i, 549, ii, 112, 168;
Moslems in, ii, 24, 28-32, 41, 47, 65, 121, 184, 186;
natural political map of, ii, 383, 446, 449, 566;
peoples and races of, i, 104, 138-39, 141, 145,
298-99, 546-48, ii, 137, 266;
Powers of, ii, 242-43, 278-79, 474;
prehistoric, i, 59, 69, 75-77, 87-89, 95-105,
108, 118, 132-33, 140, 145, 149,
172-76, 183-84, 196, 206, 234, 240, 317, ii, 189;
social development in, ii, 140, 157, 176
_sqq._, 200, 215-16, 217, 246, 269-77, 400-401.
(_See also_ Great War)

Europeans descended from Neolithic man, i, 105

Euryptolemus (ū rip tol’ _ĕ_ mŭs), i, 347

Eusebius (ū sē’ bi ŭs), i, 600

Evans, i, 21

Evans, Sir Arthur, i, 104, 150, 212, 228

Evans, Sir John, i, 137

Everlasting League, ii, 199, 616

Evolution of the Earth, i, 5-6

Examinations, i, 270, 640

Excommunication, ii, 81

Executive, the, ii, 414

Exodus, book of, i, 279, 281

Experience, i, 230

Exploration, i, 217-18

“Expropriated,” the, ii, 398

ex votos, i, 235, 414

Eylau (I’ lou), battle of, ii, 362, 622

Ezekiel, i, 292, 294

Fabian Society, ii, 409

Fabius, i, 477-78

Factories, growth of, ii, 275-77

Factory Act, ii, 404, 405, 622

Factory system, ii, 394, 405

Fairies, i, 182

Faith, decline of a universal, ii, 425

Faizi (fä’ i zi), ii, 135

Falkland Isles, battle of, ii, 520

Families, noble and plebeian, i, 267-68

Family groups, i, 79, 110, 178-82

Faraday, M., ii, 387, 427

Farming, Arab knowledge of, ii, 38

Farrand, i, 158

Farrar, F. W., i, 527

Fashoda (fä shō’ dă), ii, 460, 500, 624

Fatepur-sikri (fŭt ē poor’ sik’ ri), ii, 135, 136

Fatima (făt’ i mă), ii, 26, 31, 64

Fatimite caliphate, ii, 64, 76, 126, 614

Fauna, early, i, 101

Fausta, i, 599

Faustina (faws tī’ nă), i, 527

Fayle, C. E., ii, 543

Fear, i, 125

Feasts, Aryan, i, 172-73

Feathers, i, 43-44, 48-49

Ferdinand I, emperor, ii, 207, 210, 233

Ferdinand, king of Bulgaria, ii, 501, 509, 524

Ferdinand, king of Spain, ii, 186, 200

Ferguson, i, 252, 410

Fermentation, i, 172

Ferns, i, 24, 27

Ferrero (fer rā’ rō), i, 455, 493, 502

Fetishism, i, 123, 129

Feudal system, the, i, 43 _sqq._

Fezzan, i, 118

Fiefs, ii, 43

Field of the Cloth of Gold, i, 202

Fielding, H., ii, 272, 394

Fiji, ii, 471

Filmer, ii, 164

Finance, i, 496-98, ii, 202, 216

Finland (and the Finns), i, 549, 606, ii, 366, 375, 380

Finland, Gulf of, ii, 266

Finnish language, i, 156

Finno-Ugrian language, i, 560

Fire, early use of, i, 78-80

Fire-arms, i, 565

Fish, i, 10, 24, 25, 52

Fisher, Lord, ii, 526

Fisher, Osmond, i, 78

Fishing, i, 96-97, 114

Fiske, ii, 282

Fiume (fū’ mā), ii, 566

Five Classics, the, i, 227

Flame projectors, ii, 516

Flanders, ii, 66, 78, 208, 329

Flavian dynasty, i, 526, ii, 609

Flax, i, 114

Fleming, Bishop, ii, 96

Flemings, the, ii, 47, 81, 178

Flemish language, ii, 47

Flint implements, i, 60, 68-69, 71, 78-82, 88, 91, 94, 99, 107, 114, 137

Flood, story of the, i, 278, 293

Florence, ii, 180, 182-83, 195-97, 202, 239, 242, 618

Florentine Society, ii, 392

Florida, ii, 282

Flowers, Cainozoic, i, 51

Flying machines, i, 215, ii, 173, 174, 175, 392

Fontainebleau (fo_n_ tān blō’), ii, 361, 368

Food, i, 16, 20, 78-84, 113, 116, 186-87

Fools, i, 172

Foot of apes, men, and monkeys, i, 63-66

Forbes, ii, 129

Ford businesses, ii, 406

Forests, i, 37, 100-04

Fort St. Augustine, ii, 282

Fossils, i, 8-13, 26, 46-51, 57, 66, ii, 175, 419

Foucher, i, 429

“Fourteen Points,” the, ii, 546-48, 556

Fowl, domesticated, i, 113, 114

Fowler, W. Warde, i, 148, 510

Fox, the, as food, i, 113

France, i, 74, 108;
history (_to Revolutionary period_), i, 88, 93, 146,
217, 522, 554, 606, 627, ii, 24, 41, 46-48, 51, 53,
62, 69, 75, 78-82, 87, 92, 98, 99, 127, 156-57, 166,
178, 179, 180, 193-205, 215-29, 234-39, 243-51, 267,
272, 279, 620, 621;
(_Revolutionary period_), ii, 157, 164, 242-47, 621;
(_Napoleonic period_), ii, 248-74, 621;
(_to Great War_), ii, 370-73, 382, 400, 438-46, 484,
486, 509, 622, 623;
(_Great War_), ii, 48, 513 _sqq._;
Imperialism, ii, 470, 500;
overseas dominions, ii, 251-54, 279-86, 292, 363, 364,
451, 467.
(_See also_ Franks, Gaul)

Francis, St., of Assisi, ii, 94-96, 161, 263, 615

Francis I, emperor, ii, 620

Francis II, emperor, ii, 622

Francis I, king of France, ii, 200-06, 618

Francis Ferdinand, archduke, ii, 510

Franciscan Order, ii, 94-96, 148, 171, 173, 193, 615, 616

Frankfort, ii, 180, 439, 623;
Peace of, ii, 446-47, 477, 623

Franklin, Benj., ii, 303, 324

Franks, the, i, 552, 559, 564, 606,
609, ii, 41, 42, 46-52, 57-62, 69, 78, 130, 144, 610

Frazer, Sir J. G., i, 116, 117, 125, 130-131, 249

Frederick I (Barbarossa), emperor,
ii, 80, 86, 87, 89, 97, 615

Frederick II, emperor, ii, 80, 82,
86 _sqq._, 112, 117, 148, 160-61, 199, 232, 421, 615, 616

Frederick III, emperor, ii, 200

Frederick I, king of Prussia, ii, 240, 620

Frederick II (the Great), king of Prussia, ii, 240, 248,
264, 267, 300, 303, 620

Frederick III, king of Prussia, ii, 482

Frederick, don, ii, 230

Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg, ii, 152

Free discussion, ii, 158;
trade in Athens, i, 460

Free intelligence, i, 262

Freedom, i, 259-60, ii, 279

Freeman’s Farm, ii, 292

French language, i, 151, 564, ii, 47, 54, 66, 160, 199, 228

Freud, Sigismund, i, 127

Freya (frī’ ă), ii, 49

Friars, the, ii, 164, 172.
(_See also_ Franciscan Order)

Friedland (frēd’ lănt), battle of, ii, 362, 622

Frisian coast, i, 539; language, ii, 228

Frisians, the, ii, 49-51

Frog, the, i, 26

Froissart (frwä sär’), ii, 155

Fronde, the, ii, 234-36

Fu, S. N., i, 630-32, 641-42

Fuggers, the, ii, 202, 204, 271

Fulas, i, 206

Fuller, Colonel, ii, 571

Fulton, R., ii, 387

Furnace, blast, ii, 388; electric, ii, 389

Future life, belief in, i, 123, 538

Gaelic, i, 168, ii, 490

Gage, General, ii, 290, 294

Galatia, i, 449, ii, 608

Galatians, i, 395, 397, ii, 121

Galba, i, 526, ii, 609

Galerius, i, 594, 596, ii, 611

Galicia, ii, 518

Galilee, i, 571, 584, 587, 591, 621

Galileo (găl i lē’ ō), Galilei, ii, 176, 417, 618, 619

Gallas, language of the, i, 154

Galleys, i, 259

Galvani, ii, 387

Gama, Vasco da (văs kō’ dä gä’ mä), ii, 187-88, 257, 617

Gamaliel, i, 588

Gambia, i, 218

Games, i, 314

Gametes (găm ēts’), i, 24

Gandhara (gän d hä’ rä), i, 428

Ganesa (gă nā’ shă), i, 439

Gang labour, i, 265, 287

Ganges, i, 160, 201, 269, 270, 386, 388, 415, 430, ii, 106

Gardner, Alice, i, 625

Garibaldi, ii, 441

Gas, i, 170, 635

Gas in warfare, ii, 516, 569

_Gaspee_, vessel, ii, 289

Gath, i, 282

Gaul (and the Gauls), i, 196,
299, 388, 395, 450-51, 458-60, 471, 475, 500,
502-07, 509, 542, 553, 559, 564, 605, 613, ii, 41, 46, 61, 266, 608, 611

Gaulish language, i, 168

Gautama (gou´ tă mă).
(_See_ Buddha)

Gaza, i, 261, 282, 379, 382

Gazelle, i, 56

Gaztelu, ii, 207, 208

Genesis, book of, i, 129, 277-82

Geneva, ii, 163, 199, 264, 559

Genoa (jen’ ō ă) and the Genoese, ii, 76, 80, 117, 153, 180, 182, 185, 347

Genseric (jen’ s_ĕ_r ik), i, 556, 557, ii, 611

Gentiles, the, i, 580

Geography, i, 5

Geology, i, 5, 8, ii, 419

Geomancers (jē ō măn’ s_ĕ_rs), i, 635

Geometry, ii, 37

George I, ii, 227, 620

George II, ii, 227, 620

George III, ii, 227, 288, 293, 314, 338, 620

George IV, ii, 228

George V, ii, 144, 228, 488, 498

George, Lloyd, ii, 499, 518, 534-38, 552-53, 557, 566

Georgia, ii, 282, 290, 443, 620

Gerasa (jer’ ă să), i, 621

Gerash, i, 623

Gerbert (gār’ ber), ii, 37

German language, i, 151, 168, ii, 47, 160, 228;
songs and tales, ii, 61

Germany, i, 101, 108, 318;
history (_to Saxon kings_), i, 502, 507, 509, 510, 522, 534, 539, 540,
552, 557, 603, ii, 46-47, 51, 57, 61-62, 144, 150, 609;
(_Saxon kings to Napoleonic period_), ii, 61, 69, 75, 80,
86, 87, 98-100, 112,
116, 138, 156, 157-62, 179, 180, 182, 188, 199-210,
216, 228, 232-36, 244-48, 253, 256, 266-67, 283, 285, 292, 304,
339, 361-66, 614, 616, 618;
(_War of Liberation to the Great War_), ii, 367-68,
381-82, 390-91, 396-401, 438-46, 467, 469-70, 476 _sqq._, 623;
(_Great War_), ii, 499 _sqq._;
class distinction in, i, 268;
Imperialism of, ii, 470, 479-86, 508

Gesture language, i, 163

Gethsemane, i, 585

Ghent, ii, 180, 199, 229

Gibbon, Edward, i, 531-35, 557, 558, 592, 595, 599, 608, 618,
ii, 30, 42, 60, 62,
67, 69, 78, 82, 112, 227, 263-73, 277, 278, 308, 421

Gibbons (animal), i, 67

Gibbs, Philip, ii, 513, 516, 518, 530, 572

Gibraltar, i, 67, 120, 217, 532, ii, 41, 451, 471

Gideon, i, 283

Gigantosaurus (jī găn tō saw’ rŭs), i, 42

Gilbert, Dr., ii, 176, 619

Gilboa, Mount, i, 285

Gills, i, 23, 25, 52

Gin, i, 219

Giotto (jot’ ō), ii, 183

Gipsies, ii, 137, 138

Gipsy language, ii, 138

Giraffe, i, 56

Girondins, ii, 328

Gizeh (gē’ z_ĕ_), i, 198, 238

Glacial Age.
(_See_ Ice Age)

Gladiators, i, 489-91, 505, 529, 533, 589, 594, 609, ii, 608, 609

Gladstone, Sir John, ii, 427

Gladstone, W. E., i, 345, ii, 426-33, 447, 481, 495, 499, 623

Glasfurd, A. I. R., i, 114, 126

Glass, ii, 38

Glastonbury, i, 110, 171

Glaucia, i, 503

Glyptodon (glip’ tō don), i, 102, 207

_Gneisenau_ (gnī’ z_ĕ_ nou), cruiser, ii, 520

Gneiss (nīs), fundamental, i, 8

Gnosticism (nos’ ti sizm), i, 592, 603

Goats in lake dwellings, i, 112

Gobi Desert, i, 160, 545, 634, 643, 644

God, i, 583, 592, 602, ii, 29, 171, 174;
idea of one true, i, 295-96, 400, 424, 436,
538, 569, 572, 576, ii, 5-7, 11, 18, 136;
of Judaism, i, 219, 282 _sqq._, 361, 412, ii, 16;
Kingdom of, ii, 90, 97, 116, 149, 246

Godfrey of Bouillon, ii, 78, 228, 615

Gods, i, 234-39, 240, 245-46, 411-12, 483;
Aryan, i, 233-34, 305;
Egyptian, i, 236-39, 248-52;
Greek, i, 305, 361-62, 483;
Japanese, i, 429;
Semitic, i, 233;
tribal, i, 134, 295

Goethe, ii, 324

Gold, i, 105, 118, 220, ii, 89, 344

Golden Horde, the, ii, 134, 259

Goldsmith, Oliver, i, 376, ii, 273, 492, 493, 553

Golgotha, i, 585

Gooch, G. P., ii, 475

Good Hope, Cape of, ii, 257, 451, 617

_Good Hope_, cruiser, ii, 520

Goods, consumable, ii, 344

Goose, i, 113

Gorham, Nathaniel, ii, 300

Gorilla, i, 63, 67, 218

“Gorillas,” i, 218

Goritzia (gō rē t’ sē _ă_), ii, 519

Goshen, land of, i, 279

Gospels, the, i, 573, 576, 585-88, 593, 601, ii, 150, 418

Gotha (gō’ t_ă_) aeroplane, ii, 519

Gothic architecture, ii, 179; language, i, 168

Goths, i, 528, 543, 549, 553, 556,
560-64, 606, 609, 611, 612, 615,
ii, 41, 46, 57, 66, 610, 611, 612

Gough, General, ii, 530

Gould, Baring, i, 610

Gourgaud (goor gō’), ii, 358

Government, i, 232-33, 241-42, 462-64, ii, 147, 385

Gowland, Dr., i, 106

Gracchi, the, i, 502, ii, 147

Gracchus, Caius, i, 502, ii, 609

Gracchus, Tiberius, i, 483, 496-501, ii, 609

Graham, Cunninghame, ii, 193

Grain, as food, i, 113-17, 184

Granada, ii, 186

Grand Remonstrance, ii, 221

Granicus (gră nī’ kŭs), battle of the, i, 379, ii, 608

Grape, i, 172

Graphite, i, 9

Grasses, i, 51, 56

Gravelotte (gräv lot’), ii, 445

Gravesend, ii, 226

Gravitation, law of, ii, 176

Gray, G. B., i, 281

Gray, Thomas, ii, 227

Great Britain, history (_general_), ii, 244, 470;
(_and India_), ii, 134-37, 254-59;
(_and America_), ii, 253-54, 273, 279-82, 285-94, 621;
(_and French Revolution_), ii, 327, 331-32;
(_in Napoleonic period_), ii, 351-54, 359, 361, 366, 372, 621;
(_war with Turkey_), ii, 382;
(_Crimean war_), ii, 440;
(_suspicion of Russia_), ii, 447;
(_in alliance against Germany_), ii, 484-86;
(_the Great War_), ii, 510 _sqq._;
(_effect of Great War on_), ii, 533-34 _sqq._;
constitutional, political, and social,
i, 495, ii, 271-73, 298, 306-07, 321,
338, 388-89, 400, 486-87, 622;
expansion and Imperialism, ii, 246-47, 451-60, 463, 469, 470-72, 486-99, 624.
(_See also_ Britain _and_ England)

Great Exhibition, the, ii, 436, 623

Great Mogul, ii, 256, 258

Great ox. (_See_ Aurochs)

Great Schism. (_See_ Papal Schism)

Great War, the, ii, 48, 166, 221, 235, 251, 510 _sqq._, 624

Greatness, ii, 303

Greece (and the Greeks), i, 86, 108, 114, 281, 313-18, 446-47,
ii, 144, 160, 190;
history (_to war with Persia_), i, 13, 176-78, 213-16, 234,
281, 300 _sqq._, ii, 606;
(_war with Persia_), i, 314-15, 327-42, ii, 607;
(_to 15th century_), i, 343-45, 357, 362-64, 367-72, 377-78,
395, 449, 554, 611, 621, ii, 79, 98, 121-26, 616;
(_modern_), ii, 382, 502, 521-22, 524, 622;
civilization, i, 304-14, 352-53, 363-64, 455, 491-92, 623;
constitutional, i, 305-15, 360-64, 369, 378, 455, 488;
religion, i, 240, 304-06, 354-55, 374, 412, 483, ii, 48;
thought and learning, i, 359-65, 399-404, 408-09, 488, 618, 636, ii, 35, 168

Greek, alphabet, i, 228-29;
archipelago, i, 119, 260;
Church, i, 603, 617, ii, 58, 60, 73, 74, 78, 81, 98, 380, 611;
islands, i, 171, ii, 65;
language and literature, i, 151, 168, 173-76, 194, 300, 348,
354-56, 359-62, 402, 411, 530, 535, 562, 588, 614-15, 621,
ii, 31, 35, 36, 50, 61, 73, 159, 211;
warfare, i, 370

Greek (Eastern) Empire, _see_ Eastern (Greek) Empire

Green, J. R., ii, 154

Green flag, ii, 64

Greenland, i, 75, ii, 53, 185

“Greens,” faction of the, ii, 247

Gregorovius, ii, 63

Gregory, Sir R. A., ii, 176, 384, 427

Gregory I, the Great, i, 612, 642, ii, 41, 50, 72, 97, 153, 167, 612

Gregory VII, ii, 72, 73, 74, 84, 149, 167, 615

Gregory IX, ii, 83, 87, 148, 616

Gregory XI, ii, 100, 127, 617

Grenfell, i, 137

Grey, Sir Edward, ii, 511

Grey Friars.
(_See_ Franciscan Order)

Grimaldi race, i, 88, 90-95, 120

Grimm’s Law, i, 152

Grisons, i, 564

Grote, i, 351

Growth, i, 16

Guadalquivir (gaw dăl kwiv’ _ĕ_r), ii, 188

Guianas, the, ii, 451

Guilds, i, 267

Guillemard, ii, 188

Guillotine, ii, 333

Guiscard (gēs kăr’), Robert, ii, 67, 69, 79, 615

Gulf Stream, i, 20

Gum-tree, i, 51

Gunpowder, i, 635, ii, 109, 121, 179, 268

Guptas (goop’ t_ă_z), i, 629

Gurkhas, ii, 455

Gustavus Adolphus, ii, 235, 236, 253

Gutenberg, ii, 159

Guthrum, ii, 54, 614

Gwalior, ii, 257

Gyges (gī’ jēz), i, 316, ii, 606

Haarlem (här’ lem), ii, 159, 229, 231, 617

Habsburgs, ii, 63, 98, 140, 167, 199-202, 232, 235, 243, 248, 370, 371

Hackett, ii, 420-21

Hadrian, i, 526, 536, ii, 610

Hadrian, tomb of, i, 609, ii, 41

Hadrian’s wall, i, 526-27

Hague Conferences, ii, 476-77

Haig, Sir Douglas, ii, 523

Hair, i, 49-54

Halicarnassus (hăl i kăr näs’ ŭs), i, 260, 262, 340, 379, 380

Hall, i, 218

Hall, H. R., i, 184

Ham, son of Noah, i, 140

Hamburg, ii, 180, 182

Hamilcar, i, 471, 475

Hamilton, Alexander, ii, 303

Hamilton, Sir Ian, ii, 521

Hamilton, Sir William, ii, 390

Hamites, i, 158, 176, 189, 203, 244, ii, 41

Hamitic languages, i, 154, 155, 161, 162, 167;
ships, i, 212

Hammond, ii, 269, 270

Hammurabi (hăm moo rä’ bē), i, 191, 196, 199, 201, 245, 258, 279, 385, ii, 606

Han, men of, i, 634

Han dynasty, i, 205, 253, 270, 433, 508, 509, 542, 543, 548, 630, 631, ii, 610

Hancock, ii, 290

Hang Chau (hăng’ chou), ii, 108, 615

Hannibal, i, 473-79, 483

Hanno, i, 196, 217-18, 221, 234, 241, 472, 509, 532, ii, 185, 607

Hanover, ii, 338

Hanover, elector of.
(_See_ George I.)

Hanoverian dominions, ii, 244

Hanoverian dynasty, ii, 228, 236

Hansa towns, ii, 182-88

Hanse merchants, ii, 266

Harcourt, Sir William, ii, 411

Hardy, Thomas, i, 335, ii, 349

Hare, the, i, 113

Hariti, i, 428

Harnack, ii, 174

Haroun-al-Raschid (hä roon ăl ră shēd´), ii, 32, 33, 61, 613

Harpagos (här´ pă gŏs), i, 323

Harpalus (här´ pă lŭs), i, 375, 387

Harpoons, i, 90, 96

Harran, i, 622

Harris, H. Wilson, ii, 543, 560

Harrison, Benjamin, i, 68

Harvey, John, ii, 177, 619

Hasan, son of Ali, ii, 27, 30

Hasdrubal, i, 472-76

Hastings, Warren, ii, 259, 453, 487

Hatasu (hä´ tă soo), Queen of Egypt, i, 200

Hathor, i, 239, 249, 412, 413

Hatra, i, 622

Hatred, i, 472

Hauran, i, 623, ii, 2

Haverfield, F. J., i, 461, 605

Hawk gods, i, 237

Head, deformation of, i, 147

Headlam, J. W., ii, 377

Hearths, i, 171

Heaven, Kingdom of, i, 575-79, 582, 587, ii, 417.
(_See also_ God)

Hébert, ii, 335

Hebrew language, i, 153, 155, 164, 570, 572;
literature, i, 293-94; prophets, i, 601;
thought, i, 361;
moral teaching, i, 219.
(_See also_ Jewish)

Hebrews, i, 245, 279-283, ii, 1.
(_See also_ Jews)

Hecataeus (hek _ă_ tē´ ŭs), i, 221

Hecker, ii, 154

Hector, i, 175, 183

Hedgehogs, i, 56

Hegira (hej´ i ră), ii, 8, 12, 14, 17, 612

Heidelberg man, i, 60, 64, 69, 70-71, 84

Hekt, i, 239

Helen of Troy, i, 216

Helena, Empress, i, 618, ii, 82

Helena, mother of Constantine, i, 599

Heligoland, ii, 484, 623

Heliolithic (hē li ō lith´ ik) culture, i, 147-49, 162, 171,
177, 184, 188, 196,
201, 207-13, 223, 415, ii, 189, 465

Heliolithic peoples, i, 206

Heliopolis (hē li op’ ō lis), (Baalbek), i 621, ii, 3

Hellé, André, ii, 513

Hellenes, i, 300

Hellenic civilization, i, 302 _sqq._, ii, 22, 168;
tradition, i, 562

Hellenism, i, 353, 430, 570

Hellespont, i, 334-35, 339, 340, 362, 372, 379, 523,
621, ii, 20, 79, 137, 607, 612

Helmolt, H. F., i, 192, 541, 556, 635, ii, 18, 22, 136, 180

Helmont, van, i, 170

Helots, i, 305

Hen.
(_See_ Fowl, domesticated)

Henriot, ii, 336

Henry II, German Emperor, ii, 63

Henry V, German Emperor, ii, 63

Henry VI, German Emperor, ii, 86

Henry II, King of England, ii, 490

Henry III, King of England, ii, 219

Henry V, King of England, ii, 178

Henry VII, King of England, ii, 186, 218, 220

Henry VIII, King of England, ii, 163, 197, 200, 204, 206, 218, 220, 618

Henry of Prussia, Prince, ii, 300

Henry the Fowler, ii, 63, 70, 614

Henry, Patrick, ii, 287, 303

Hephaestion (hē fes’ ti_ŏ_n), i, 392, 394, 510

Hephaestus, i, 173

Heraclea (her ă klē’ _ă_), i, 453, ii, 608

Heraclius (her ă klī’ ŭs), i, 615, 618, 623, 634, ii, 17-20, 82, 612, 613

Heraldry, i, 268

Herat, i, 386, 604

Herbivorous animals, i, 41, 43

Hercules, demi-god, i, 399, 515

Hercules, son of Alexander, i, 394

Hercules, temple of, i, 234

Herdsmen, i, 264, 267

Hereditary rule, ii, 144

Heredity, i, 230

Heretic, ii, 95

Heristhal, ii, 47

Hermon, Mount, i, 113, 184

Herne Island, i, 217

Hero, i, 402, 540

Herodes Atticus (her ō’ dēz ăt’ i kŭs), i, 535, 536

Herodians, i, 579

Herodotus (hē rod’ ō tŭs), i, 186, 218, 221, 241, 260-62,
267, 296, 314, 319-26,
332, 340, 342, 347, 350, 355, 356, 370, 399, 405, 497, 532, 615, 642,
ii, 20, 607

Herods, the, i, 571, 574, 580, ii, 4

Heroic Age, i, 177

Herophilus (hē rof’ i lŭs), i, 403, 404

Herzegovina (hert s_ĕ_ gov’ _ĕ_ nă), ii, 484, 624

Hesperornis (hes p_ĕ_r ôr’ nis), i, 48

Hesse (hes’ _ĕ_) and Hessians, ii, 51, 205, 445

Hezekiah, King, i, 291

Hieratic script, i, 228

Hiero (hī’ _ĕ_r ō), i, 468, 469, 476

Hieroglyphics, i, 208, 211, 227, 228

Hieronymus (hī er on’ i mŭs) of Syracuse, i, 476

Hildebrand.
(See Gregory VII)

Himalayas, i, 35, 52, 160, 546

Hindu deities, i, 437, 439;
priests, i, 180;
schools, ii, 137

Hindu Kush, ii, 133

Hindus, i, 169, 179-81, 269-70, 299, 538, ii, 134, 137, 256

Hindustan, ii, 108, 133

Hipparchus, i, 402

Hippias, i, 332

Hippo, i, 556, 604

Hippopotamus, i, 38, 69, 70, 76

Hippopotamus deities, i, 197, 236

Hira, ii, 18, 20

Hirai, K., i, 157

Hiram, King of Sidon, i, 287-90

Hirth, i, 435, 541, 582, 635

Histiæus, i, 330-31, 341, 561

Hittites, i, 192, 196, 200, 219, 278, 282, 283, 300, 327, ii, 121

Hi-ung-nu.
(_See_ Huns)

Hobson, J. A., ii, 543

Hoche, General, ii, 374

Hogarth, D. G., i, 367, 392

Hogarth, William, ii, 227

_Hogue_, cruiser, ii, 520

Hohenlinden, battle of, ii, 355, 622

Hohenstaufens (hō en stou’ fenz), ii, 63, 98, 182, 199, 232, 616

Hohenzollerns, ii, 236, 240, 370, 442, 445, 479, 480

Holkham Hall, i, 13

Holland, i, 541, 605, ii, 47, 51, 159, 163, 182, 188,
193, 224, 229-30, 233, 236, 251, 257, 258, 282,
331, 339, 347, 359, 361, 368, 380, 381, 451, 457, 622

Holland, Rev. W. E. S., ii, 473

Holly, i, 51

Holmes, i, 615

Holmes, A., i, 13

Holmes, Rice, i, 104

Holstein, ii, 381

Holy Alliance, ii, 372, 377, 382, 400, 430, 476, 477

Holy Land.
(_See_ Crusades and Palestine)

Holy Roman Empire, ii, 58, 63, 69, 130, 182, 198,
202 _sqq._, 210, 215, 238, 256, 614, 622

Homage, ii, 44

Home Rule Bill, i, 312

Homer, i, 114, 174-82, 196, 216, 219, 229, 300, 304, 508, 531

Homo antiquus.
_See_ Neanderthal man;
Heidelbergensis, _see_ Heidelberg man;
Neanderthalensis, _see_ Neanderthal man;
primigenius, _see_ Neanderthal man;
sapiens, _see_ Man, true

Homs, i, 621

Honduras (hon dūr´ ăs), British, ii, 254

Honey, i, 172

Honoria, i, 557

Honorius, i, 554, ii, 611

Honorius III, pope, ii, 87, 615

Hope in religion, i, 125

Hopf, Ludwig, i, 80, 118, 130

Hophni, i, 284

Horace, i, 407

Horn, Count of, ii, 229

Horn implements, i, 90, 107, 116

Horrabin, F., i, 119

Horses, i, 58, 64, 69, 70, 92-100, 105, 170, 177, 192, 299, 551

Horsuv Tyn, ii, 152

Horticulture, i, 254

Horus, i, 249, 252, 412-14, 429, 590, 591

Hose, i, 148

Hotel Cecil, i, 621

Hottentot language, i, 162

Households, growth of, i, 258

Houses, stone, i, 171

Howard, the philanthropist, ii, 338

Howe, F. C., ii, 543

Howorth, H. H., i, 541

Howth, ii, 498

Hrdlicka, Dr., i, 102

Hsia, Empire of, ii, 110

Hubbard, i, 536, 642

Huc, i, 429, 440

Hudson Bay Company, ii, 254, 451

Hudson Bay Territory, i, 158

Hudson River, ii, 292, 387

Hueffer, F. M., ii, 480

Hugo, Victor, ii, 355

Huguenots, ii, 244, 253, 282

Hulagu, ii, 114, 118, 120, 130, 154, 616

Human association, ii, 413

Human sacrifice, i, 116-17, 130-31, 134, ii, 91, 190

Humayun (hoo mä´ yoon), ii, 133

Hungary (and the Hungarians), i, 106, 553, 558, 560,
600, ii, 51, 69, 70, 77, 100, 113, 122, 126, 139,
184, 204, 205, 233, 260, 380, 400, 446, 618.
(_See also_ Austria)

Huns, i, 196, 203-05, 253, 272, 388, 508, 533,
539, 541, 543-52, 554, 557, 559, 618, 627-32,
644, ii, 66, 71, 106, 108, 113, 142, 266, 611

Hunter Commission, ii, 456

Hunting, i, 91, 92, 96-104, 112, 124, 317, 318

Husein, son of Ali, ii, 27, 30

Huss, John, ii, 100, 151, 202, 263, 272, 615

Hussites, ii, 152-56, 617

Hut urns, i, 115

Hutchinson, i, 162

Hutchinson, H. N., i, 50

Hutton, ii, 419

Huxley, Prof., i, 13, 146, ii, 420-21, 426

Hwang-ho (hwăng’ hō), river, i, 205, 542, 641, ii, 108, 118

Hyæna cave, i, 76

Hyænodon (hī ē’ nō don), i, 53

Hyde Park, ii, 437

Hyksos, i, 196, 199, ii, 1

Hyracodon (hī răk’ ō don), i, 53

Hystaspes (his tăs’ pēz), i, 326, ii, 607

Iberian language, i, 167

Iberians, i, 101, 146, 167, 171, 176, 196, 213, 281, 298, 446, ii, 247.
(_See also_ Mediterranean race)

Ibex, i, 93

Ibn Batuta (ibn bä too’ tä), ii, 154

Ibn-rushd.
(_See_ Averroes)

Ibrahim, son of Muhammad, ii, 13

Icarus (ik’ ă rŭs), i, 215

Ice, effect of, i, 59

Ice Age, i, 52, 57-60, 68-72, 77, 82, 87, 119, 120, 159, 317

Iceland, ii, 53, 185, 252

Icelandic language, i, 168

I-chabod, i, 285

Ichthyosaurs (ik’ thi ō sawrz), i, 41, 45

Iconium, ii, 72

Ideograms, i, 224-26

Ideographs, i, 226

Idumeans, i, 570

Ignatius, St., of Loyola, ii, 164-66, 263, 618

Iliad, the.
(_See_ Homer)

Ilkhan, Empire of, ii, 114, 118, 127, 130

Illyria, i, 372, 375, 377, 472, 480, ii, 122, 608

Immortality, idea of, i, 124, 413, 423-24, 538-39

Imperator, title of, i, 565

Imperial preference, ii, 488

Imperialism, i, 311, ii, 424, 436, 461, 475 _sqq._, 498-502

Implements, bone, i, 99;
bronze, i, 132;
Chellean, i, 70;
copper, i, 105;
earliest use of, i, 67-68;
flint, i, 71, 76-81, 88, 91, 96, 99, 107, 114;
horn, i, 90, 107, 116;
iron, i, 107;
Neolithic, i, 104-05, 114, 132;
Palæolithic, i, 76, 104, 137;
Pliocene, i, 68-69;
stone, i, 57, 67, 69, 75, 80, 88, 96, 104, 106, 273;
use of by animals, i, 67;
wooden, i, 76

Inca of Peru, ii, 190

Independency, ii, 163

India, i, 37, 74, 106, 109, 114, 160, 181-82, 206, 327, 396,
432, 489, 509, 532,
548, 626, ii, 27, 33, 109, 133, 139, 144, 268, 351;
history (_Alexander in_), i, 379, 386, 388, 428, 510;
(_Indo-Scythians in_), i, 548, 617, 628, ii, 610;
(_Ephthalites in_), i, 629, ii, 611;
(_Mongols in_), i, 550, 557, ii, 114, 133-37;
(_17th and 18th centuries_), ii, 254, 256-58, 262;
(_British in_), ii, 133-37, 254-59, 279, 285, 451-56, 471, 487, 620, 621;
civilization, social development, and culture,
i, 147, 171, 179, 183, 196, 201,
268-70, 272, 307, 415-16, 430, ii, 136, 145, 455;
European settlements in, ii, 254-59, 279, 285, 620;
languages of, i, 158, 169, 189, ii, 139-40;
peoples and races, i, 138-39, 145, 158-60,
196, 201, 203, 317, 386, 629, ii, 106, 190;
religions of, i, 270, 416 _sqq._, 440, 604,
610, 625, ii, 108, 114, 136, 166;
trade of, i, 401, 533, 640, ii, 257;
travels and voyages to, i, 533, 642, 645,
ii, 119, 185-87, 465, 612, 617

Indian corn, i, 113

Indian ocean, i, 47, 108, 118, 210, ii, 187

Indian sign-language, i, 150

Indians, American.
(_See_ American Indians)

Indies, East, i, 46, 148, 159, 162, 206, 210, 273, ii, 257, 451, 461

Indies, West, ii, 187, 252, 305, 306, 451

Individual, the free, i, 259

Individuality, in reproduction, i, 17

Indo-European languages.
(_See_ Aryan languages)

Indo-Iranian language, i, 169;
people, i, 538

Indonesian life, i, 177

Indore, ii, 257

Indo-Scythians, i, 548, 617, 628, ii, 610

Indulgences, ii, 93, 202

Indus, i, 159, 182, 201, 327, 385-89, 395, 430, 507, 523, ii, 22, 132, 607

Industrial Revolution, ii, 276, 393-98, 405

Industrialism, ii, 273-75

Infanticide, i, 134

Influenza, ii, 384

Information, ii, 413

Infusoria, i, 21

Inge, Dean, i, 583, 587, ii, 416

Innes, A. D., ii, 218

Innocent III, pope, ii, 82, 86-98, 167, 615

Innocent IV, ii, 81, 88, 116

Inns, early, i, 220

Innsbruck, ii, 207

Inquisition, the, ii, 95, 117, 166, 209, 378

Insects, i, 5, 28

Instruments, Neolithic musical, i, 115

Interglacial period, i, 60, 68-70, 75-76

“International,” the, ii, 409

International relationship, ii, 347

Internationalism, ii, 432

Intoxicants, i, 172, 182

Investitures, ii, 44, 74, 85

Ion, poet, i, 347

Iona, ii, 50

Ionian Islands, ii, 351

Ionians, i, 314-16, 327-32, 337-40, ii, 121

Ionic dialect, i, 300

Ipsus (ip’ sŭs), battle of, i, 395

Irak, ii, 33

Iran (ē rän’), i, 508, 626

Iranians, i, 299, 627

Ireland, i, 86, 102, 105, 110, 182, 209, 299, 312, 603,
ii, 40, 50, 66, 97, 178,
224-26, 424, 432, 471, 488-99, 621, 623, 624

Irene (ī rē’ nē), Empress, ii, 58

Irish, Catholics, ii, 222, 224, 244;
language, i, 152, 168;
prisoners, ii, 284;
race, i, 167

Irish sea, i, 75

Iron, i, 4, 79, 133;
as currency, i, 219-20;
use of, i, 107, 187, 196, 205, 207, ii, 275, 387-89, 606

Iron Age, i, 97, 108, 133

Ironsides, ii, 223

Iroquois (ir ō kwoi’) tribes, ii, 285

Irrigation, i, 37, 190

Irving, Washington, ii, 253

Isaac, patriarch, i, 278-79

Isabella of Castile, ii, 186, 200

Isaiah, i, 578

Ishmael, i, 279

Ishtar, i, 232, 245, 279, 283

Isis, i, 239, 249, 412-14, 428-29, 538, 575, 590-91

Iskender, i, 389

Islam, i, 296, 441, 583, 624, 636, ii, 4 _sqq._, 113, 142, 194;
and Christianity, ii, 34, 35, 64, 114, 149;
propaganda of, ii, 15-16, 28, 51, 108, 116, 127, 142, 256, 396, 397;
teaching of, ii, 14 _sqq._, 64, 136, 146, 402.
(_See also_ Moslems, _and_ Muhammadanism)

Isocrates (ī sok’ ră tēz), i, 351, 357, 363, 367, 373, 390, 397

Ispahan (is pă hän’), ii, 132

Israel, Kingdom of (and Israelites), i, 193, 277 _sqq._,
316, ii, 144, 244, 606.
(_See also_ Jews)

Issik Kul (is’ ik kool), i, 643

Issus, battle of, i, 380-84, ii, 20, 78, 608

Italian language, i, 151, 446, ii, 160, 199

Italy (and Italians), i, 106, 196, 213, 281,
388, 446-47, 526, 611, ii, 121, 144, 608;
history (_Greeks in_), i, 302, 304, 346, 447, 451-52, ii, 606-08;
(_Gauls in_), i, 388, 449, 471;
(_Roman_), i, 453, 460, 494, 499-505, ii, 147;
(_invasion by Hannibal_), i, 475-77;
(_Goths in_), i, 553, 606, ii, 46, 65, 612;
(_Huns in_), i, 559, 608;
(_Lombards in_), i, 606, 616, ii, 57, 153, 612;
(_Charlemagne in_), ii, 57-58;
(_Germans in_), ii, 58, 618;
(_Normans in_), ii, 67, 69, 76;
(_Saracens in_), ii, 67;
(_Magyars in_), ii, 69;
(_13th-18th cent._), ii, 83, 87-89, 97-98, 126, 127,
182-84, 195-97, 204, 216, 233, 236, 621-22;
(_Napoleonic period_), ii, 332, 339, 347, 350-55, 359, 364, 622;
(_to unification of_), ii, 380-82, 400, 432;
(_Kingdom of_), ii, 440-45, 461, 469-70, 500-01, 519, 622, 624;
imperialism of, ii, 470, 500.
(_See also_ Rome _and_ Great War)

Ivan III, ii, 129, 617; IV (_the Terrible_), ii, 129, 618

Ivory, trade in, i, 273

Ivy, fossil, i, 51

Jackson, Sir Louis, ii, 567 _sqq._

Jackson, T. G., ii, 61

Jacob, patriarch, i, 278 _sq._

Jacobins, French, ii, 324, 333 _sqq._, 342, 349, 621

Jacquerie, ii, 156, 502, 621

Jade, i, 118

Jaffa, ii, 353

Jaipur (jī poor’), ii, 256

Jamaica, ii, 254, 451, 471

James I, i, 110, ii, 216 _sqq._, 237, 253, 280

James II, ii, 226, 491

James, St., i, 580

James, Henry, ii, 550

Jameson, Dr., ii, 424

Jamestown, ii, 284, 305

Janissaries, ii, 122, 132

Japan, i, 139, 429, 432, 642, ii, 119, 185, 187, 261-62, 463-70, 623, 624

Japanese, i, 66, 147, 636, ii, 464;
language and writing, i, 156, 638

Japhet, i, 140

Jarandilla, ii, 207

Jarrow, ii, 50

Java, i, 68, ii, 187

Jaw, chimpanzee, i, 72;
human, _ib._; Piltdown (_see_ Piltdown)

Jefferson, Tho., ii, 293, 303 _sqq._

Jehad (jē häd’), “holy war,” ii, 80

Jehan (jē hăn’), Shah, ii, 133

Jehangir, ii, 133

Jehovah, i, 282, 287, 293, 307, 412

Jena (yā’ nă), battle of, ii, 362, 364, 476, 622

Jengis Khan (jen’ gis kän), ii, 106, 108, 109 _sq._,
116 _sq._, 121, 128 _sqq._,
261, 615

Jenné, i, 565

Jerboas, ii, 154

Jerome of Prague, ii, 151

Jerusalem, i, 247, 278, 288-93, 411, 523, 571-72,
575, 578, 580-81, 584-86, 589,
604, 618-19, 623, ii, 11, 21, 22, 64, 75, 78-84, 97, 229, 483, 612, 615

Jesuits, ii, 117, 127, 164 _sq._, 193, 309, 390, 465, 618 _sq._

Jesus, spirit and teaching of, i, 296, 492, 572 _sqq._,
601, 617, 626, ii, 6, 13 _sqq._, 54, 64, 85,
90 _sqq._, 116, 127, 149 _sq._, 158, 163, 263, 296,
342, 360, 376, 402, 417, 426, 609 _sq._

Jet, i, 105

Jevons, F. B., i, 118

Jewellery, iron, i, 107

Jewish religion and sacred books, i, 278, 294-96, 400,
411, 440, 538, 571-72, 576, ii, 36, 417

Jews, i, 200, 247, 278, 292-97, 303, 402, 411, 569-72,
609-10, ii, 3-9, 18, 29, 32, 36, 41, 71,
77, 88, 121, 147, 242, 248, 424, 607.
(_See also_ Judaism)

“Jingo,” ii, 447

Jingo, queen, ii, 465

Joab, i, 287

Joan of Arc, ii, 179

Job, Book of, i, 114, 294

Jodhpore (jōd poor’), Raja of, ii, 135

John, king of England, ii, 81, 219

John II, king of Portugal, ii, 186

John III, king of Poland.
(_See_ Sobiesky, John)

John X, pope, ii, 62, 614

John XI, pope, ii, 62, 614

John XII, pope, ii, 62 _sq._, 73, 97, 614

John of Leyden, ii, 156

John, Prester, ii, 119

John, St., ii, 580, 598;
Gospel of, i, 573, ii, 30, 50

Johnson, i, 238

Johnson, Samuel, ii, 493

Johnston, R. M., ii, 348

Jones, F. Wood, i, 63

Jones, H. Stuart, i, 454, 516, 522, 534, 609

Joppa, i, 282

Jordan, river, i, 278, ii, 19

Joseph, St., i, 574

Joseph II, emperor, ii, 240, 620 _sq._

Josephine, empress.
(_See_ Beauharnais)

Josephus, i, 500, 571 _sq._

Joshua, i, 282

Josiah, king of Judah, i, 292, ii, 607 _sq._

Judah, kingdom of, i, 289 _sqq._, ii, 244

Judaism, i, 440, 570, 583, ii, 16, 142, 149.
(_See also_ Jews)

Judas, i, 585

Judea, i, 196, 278, 365, 436, 538, 569 _sqq._, 584 _sqq._, ii, 4, 27

Judges, Book of, i, 282 _sq._

Judges of Israel, i, 467, ii, 144

Jugo-Slavs (ū’ gō slävz).
(_See_ Yugo-Slavs)

Jugurtha (joo gũr’ th_ă_), i, 502 _sq._, ii, 609

Julian the Apostate, i, 625, ii, 611

Julius III, ii, 208

Jung, i, 361

Jungle fowl, i, 114

Juno, i, 218, 483

Junot, Mme., ii, 349

Jupiter, i, 233, 412 _sq._, 448, ii, 49

Jupiter, planet, i, 4

Jupiter Ammon, i, 252

Jupiter Serapis, i, 412

Justinian, i, 606, 608, 611, 613, 633, ii, 46, 57 _sq._, 124, 153, 384, 612

Jutes, i, 554, 605, ii, 54, 66

Jutland, battle of, ii, 520

Kaaba (kä’ ă bă), ii, 5 _sqq._, 11, 27

Kadessia, battle of, ii, 20, 613

Kadija (kă dē’ j_ă_), ii, 6 _sqq._

Kaffirs, i, 219

Kaisar-i-Hind, i, 565, ii, 134

Kaisar-i-Roum, i, 565

Kaiser, Austrian, i, 565;
German, i, 565

Kali (kă’ lē), i, 439

Kalifa.
(_See_ Caliph)

Kalinga, i, 431

Kalmucks (käl’ mŭks), i, 137, 143, 545, ii, 128

Kanishka (kă nish’ k_ă_), i, 628, 646, ii, 610

Kao-chang, i, 644

Karakorum (kä rä kōr’ ăm), ii, 110 _sqq._, 134

Karma (kär’ mă), doctrine of, i, 425

Karnak, i, 200

Kashgar (kăsh gär’), i, 546, 628, 643, ii, 22, 109, 118, 610

Kashmir, Buddhists in, i, 432

Kautsky, ii, 510

Kavadh, i, 624, 634, ii, 1, 366, 612

Kazan (kă zän’), ii, 118

Keane, A. H., i, 118, 161

Keith, Dr. A., i, 63, 71 _sq._

Keltic languages, i, 168, 182, 299, 446, 605

Keltic race, i, 110, 168, 176, 182, 196, 299,
388, 395, 554, ii, 40, 48, 228, 490

Kelvin, Lord, i, 13

Kent, Duke of, ii, 405

Kent, Kingdom of, ii, 40

Kepler, ii, 176, 619

Kerensky, ii, 526-27

Kerne Island, i, 217

Ketboga, ii, 114, 132, 616

Keynes, J. M., ii, 541, 557, 560

Khalid (kä lēd’), ii, 18 _sq._

Khans, i, 644, ii, 108 _sqq._, 126 _sqq._, 144, 615 _sq._

Kharismia, ii, 106, 109, 615

Khazars (kä zärz’), ii, 70, 71

Khedive, the, of Egypt, ii, 471

Khitan people, ii, 109, 118

Khiva (kē’ vă), ii, 106, 108

Khokand (kō kănd’), i, 546, ii, 110

Khorasan (kō ră sän’), ii, 31, 37

Khotan (kō tän’), i, 628, ii, 118, 610

Khyber Pass, i, 386, 548, 643, ii, 257

Kiau-Chau (kyou’ chou’), ii, 469 _sq._, 564, 624

Kidnapped children sent to New England, ii, 284

Kieff, ii, 67, 110 _sq._, 129, 134, 614;
Grand Duke of, ii, 110

Kin Empire, ii, 108-09 _sq._, 128, 261, 615

Kings, book of, i, 193, 282, 287, 289, 291

Kings (and kingship), i, 134, 178, 218, 240 _sqq._,
248 _sqq._, 263, 285 _sqq._,
305 _sq._, 430, ii, 142, 194, 233-34, 286, 375 _sq._;
divine right of, ii, 216, 221

Kioto (kyō´ tō), ii, 467

Kipchak, Empire, ii, 114, 128 _sq._

Kipling, Rudyard, ii, 423, 462, 488

Kirghis (kir gēz´), ii, 109;
steppe, i, 634

Kitchen-middens, i, 109, 110, 152

Kiwi, i, 207

Knighthood, i, 465, ii, 202

Knights, i, 268, ii, 179;
of the Shire, i, 463, ii, 218

Knipe, H. R., i, 50

Knives, flint, i, 96

Knots, records by means of, i, 208

Knowledge, diffusion of, i, 296, 397 _sqq._, 487, ii, 168-69

Konia, ii, 72, 78

Königsberg, ii, 180, 367

Koran, ii, 9 _sq._, 15, 29 _sq._, 257

Korea, i, 633, 638 _sq._, ii, 261, 465 _sqq._

Korean alphabet, i, 638;
language, i, 156

Kosciusko (kos i ŭs´ kō), ii, 251

Krapina, i, 72

Kremlin, the, ii, 242

Krishna (krish´ nă), i, 439

Kropotkin, ii, 425

Krüdener, Baroness von, ii, 372

Krum, Prince of Bulgaria, ii, 58, 69, 614

Krupp, firm of, ii, 514

Kshatriyas (kshä trē´ yăz), i, 269, 270

Kuan-yin, i, 429

Kublai Khan (koo´ blī kän), ii, 108 _sqq._, 126 _sq._, 144, 616 _sq._

Kuen-lun (kwen loon´) mountains, i, 201, 546, 548, 643

Kufa, ii, 36

Kushan (koo shän´) dynasty, i, 628

Kusinagara, i, 646

Kut, ii, 522

Kutub, ii, 108, 615

Labour, i, 255, 265, 271, ii, 154-56, 157-58, 193, 404 _sqq._, 478

Labour Colleges, i, 487

Labourers, Statute of, ii, 156

Labrador, i, 78, 124, 137, ii, 435

Labyrinth, Cretan, i, 214, 216

Lacedemon (läs _ĕ_ dē´ m_ŏ_n), i, 303

Lacedemonians, i, 307, 322, 332

Ladé, i, 331

Ladrones (lä drōnz´), ii, 187

Ladysmith, i, 485

Lafayette (lä fā yet´), General, ii, 292, 316, 318, 324, 327

Lagash(lā´ găsh), i, 195

Lahore, ii, 110

Lake dwellings, i, 109-112, 133.
(_See also_ Pile dwellings)

La Madeleine, i, 96

Lamas, Grand, i, 429