Chapter XXXIV: TRUWARDRAITH,174 Tuwardraz,175 or Tywardreit, in the

deanry of_ Powder.

ALIEN PRIORY. An alien priory of Benedictine monks[176] belonging to the abbey of St. Sergius and Bachus in Angiers,[177] founded before A.D. 1169. by Champernulphus or Chambernon of Bere,[178] lord of the manor of Tywardreith, or by the ancestors of Robert de Cardinan,[179] perhaps Robert Fitz William. It was seised by the Crown during the wars with France, and its farm then fixed at fifty marks _per ann._[180] but being afterwards made denisen it continued till the general suppression, about which time herein were seven monks,[181] whose revenues were rated at 123_l._ 9_s._ 3_d._ _per ann._ Dugd. 151_l._ 16_s._ 1_d._ Speed. It was dedicated to St. Andrew, and granted _34 Hen. 8._ to Edward earl of Hertford.

_Vide_ in Mon. Angl. tom. ii. p. 586, 587. Cart. 33 Ed. 1. n. 38.
recit. per inspeximus tres cartas Hen. 3. viz. primam recitant,
cartam Roberti de Cardinan confirm, donationes antecessorum,
secundam de ecclesia de Austel, tertiam de libertate sanctuarii
S. Austeli.
Lelandi Collect. vol. i. p. 76. ejusdam Itin. vol. iii. p. 14. 32,
33. vol. vii. p. 120.
In Libro Nigro Scaccarii, p. 131. de 1 fœd. mil. tent. de comite
Reginaldo.
In Rymeri Fœder. &c. vol. iv. p. 248. vol. viii. p. 106.
Cart. 9 Ed. 2. n. 16. pro merc, et fer. apud Fowey, et lib. war. in
Tywardreith, Trerant, Tremaynon, et Carigog.
Claus. 4 Ed. 3. m. 27. de ten. in Fawy.
[Harl. MS. 6959. p. 185. 6960. p. 34. 6961. pp. 30. 89.
Repert. to Originalia, Brit. Mus. vol. iii. p. 273.
MS. Cole, vol. xxvii. fol. 184 b.
Lysons, Mag. Brit. Cornw.
Gent. Mag. 2d vol. for 1822. Supp. p. 602.
A great number of original grants, deeds, &c. relating to this
priory from its foundation to its dissolution are at Wardour
Castle, in the possession of Lord Arundel of Wardour; and extracts
from a Calendar, with a list of the priors, has been lately
published in the Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica, vol. iii.
pp. 106-111. H. E.]

_For_ TALCARN _see_ MINSTRE _in this county_.

ST. MARY DE VALLE _is omitted, as it probably was not in_ ENGLAND, _see under_ Minstre _note_[135].

[84] Leland. Itin. vol. iii. p. 24. Taxat. Lincoln. p. 367.
In registr. Bronscomb. the vicarage of St. Antonine in the
patronage of Tywardreth.

[85] Leland. Itin. vol. iii. p. 30. vol. vii. p. 119. et
Taxat. Lincoln. p. 638.

[86] Tonkin, _Quære_.

[87] Camden, edit. Gibson.

[88] i. e. “Mansio monachorum.” Leland. Collect. vol. i. 75.

[89] Hoveden, p. 567, 568.

[90] Will. Malmsbur. de Pontif. lib ――――

[91] What Leland saith of this monastery [Itin. vol. ii.
114.] is very observable, viz. “That in St. Petroc’s church
at Bodmin were first monks, then nuns, then Secular priests,
then monks again, then canons; the last foundation was by
Will. Warlewast bishop of Exon.” Mr. Speed further adds,
that after the canons were Grey friers (but these last were
in a distinct house of their own in this town; _vide infra_)
he also tells us of a priory of Black canons founded by K.
Ethelstan to the honour of S. Petrorsi at Bonury in this
county, which in all probability was the same with this of
St. Petroc at Bodmin.

[92] This priory church is said to be now the parish church,
[Tour through Great Britain, vol. ii. p. 4.] and the priory
stood at the east end of the churchyard. [Leland. Itin. vol.
iii. p. 12.]

[93] Mr. Willis’ Parochiale, p. 179. has St. Laurence chapel
and hospital in the parish of Lanivet and deanry of Pider.

[94] Leland. Itin. vol. ii. p. 15. ms. Davies.

[95] Magn. Brit. Antiq. et Nov.

[96] _Quære_, Whether this was St. Antony’s or St. George’s
hospital; for the will of John Killigrew, proved A.D. 1500,
gives legacies “Pauper ibus S. Antonii de Bodmyn; pau
peribus S. Georgii de Bodmin pauperibus S. Laurentii juxta
Bod min.” Lib. Moore, Qu. xx.

[97] Leland. Itin. vol. ii. p. 115.

[98] Ibid.

[99] Carew, f. 124. a.

[100] Mr. Stevens has erroneously placed this house in
Devonshire.

[101] Leland. Itin. vol. iii. p. 18. Camden. Britan, edit.
Gibson, ad _Burien_.

[102] Domesday, _Cornwall_. “Canonici S. Berianæ tenent
Eglosberry, quæ fuit libera T. R. E. Ibi est una hida, &c.”

[103] Mr. Ashmole’s History of the Garter, cap. 4. et Mon.
Angl. tom. iii. p. ii. p. 73.

[104] The dean is instituted and takes the oaths before the
king as ordinary.

[105] In Taxat. Lincoln, ms. “Ecclesia S. Endelientæ taxatur
prout sequitur: Prebenda dom. Pagani de Liskered in eadem
lx_s._ prebenda H. de Monkton iv_l._ x_s._ prebenda dom.
Reginaldi iv_l._ ii_s._”

[106] Thus the inquisition, Mon. Angl. ii. p. 5. but Leland,
Coll. i. p. 75. saith, the Regulars were introduced by
Bartholomew bishop of Exeter, who lived _temp. Hen. 2._

[107] They were Benedictine monks according to Ryley, Plac.
Parl. p. 466. But that is not right, for here were a prior
and eight Black canons at the dissolution. Vide Willis, ii.
Ap. p. 7.

[108] Mr. Mores saith John Champernoun, sed quære.

[109] Leland. Itin. vol. iii. p. 23.

[110] Ms. Valor. “St. Mary Magdalen,” Registr. Stafford, f.
135.

[111] Domesdei, “Canonici S. Carentoci tenent Langorock, et
tenebant T.R.E. Sunt iii. hidæ, &c.”

[112] So in my ms. Valor.

[113] Eight prebendaries, without a dean. Tax. Lincoln, ms.
A dean and ten prebendaries. Ms. Le Neve.

[114] Prynne, ii. p. 736. many grants of the deanery and
prebends here by the kings appear upon the rolls, but seem
to be made during the vacancy of the see of Exeter. “A.D.
1315. Feb. 22. Walterus episc. Exon. contulit Joanni de
Sandale cancellario regis præbendam in ecclesia S.
Karantoci.” Wharton de decan. Lond. p. 216.

[115] In the former edition this church was confounded with
that of St. Pieran: the late learned prelate Dr. Charles
Littleton bishop of Carlisle informed Dr. Tanner of the
mistake, and the account of both churches inserted in this
edition are agreeable to the information communicated by
him.

[116] Domesday, “Canonici S. Achebranni tenent
Lannachebran.”

[117] Leland. Itin. vol. iii. p. 25. vol. vii. p. 118. Tax.
Linc. ms.

[118] Carew’s Survey, f. 118. a.

[119] Leland. Collect. vol. i. p. 76. not Regular canons of
the order of St. Austin, as Magn. Brit. Antiq. et Nov. p.
333.

[120] Domesday, “Canonici S. Stephani tenent Lanstaveton.
Ibi sunt iv. hidæ terræ, &c. De hoc manerio abstulit comes
Moriton unum mercatum, quod ibi erat T.R.E.”

[121] Plac. coram rege, 2 c. 2. Hill, rot. 20.

[122] Leland. Itin. vol. ii. p. 109.

[123] Not friers, as Magn. Brit. Antiq. et Nov. p. 333.

[124] “And took the residew himself,” saith Leland [Itin.
vol. ii. p. 110.] But in the recital of the donors and
donations of this priory, made in the charter of king John,
there is no mention at all of this bishop; but therein
Reginald the son of K. Henry I. and earl of Cornwall seems
to make the greatest figure, and he was certainly a
considerable benefactor, if not founder of this new house,
as he is said to be by Camden.

[125] Here could not be less than twelve canons, for the
prior and eleven subscribed to the supremacy, A. D. 1534. as
Willis’ Abbies, vol. ii. p. 53.

[126] And also in the register of Edm. Lacy bishop of Exon,
marked _Lacy_, vol. iii.

[127] Survey, f. 81. b. f. 116. b.

[128] Carew, f. 68. a.

[129] Lib. præced. B. 85.

[130] Carew’s Survey, f. 81. b.

[131] _Quære_, Perhaps the same with St. John Baptist
chantry in this church. Willis’ Abbies, vol. ii. p. 54.

[132] St. Matthew’s in Tanner. St. Mawes appears in the
Exeter Registers and in Leland’s Itin. to be no other than a
corruption of St. Mauduits. See Lacy’s Register, vol. iii.
Leland Itin. vol. iii. 19. and Willis, Rot. Parl. vol. ii.
p. 166.

[133] Domesday, “Ecclesia S. Michaelis tenet Triwal, Brismar
tenebat T.R.E. Ibi sunt ii. hidæ, quæ nunquam geldaverunt,
&c. de his ii. hidis comes Moriton abstulit i. hidam.”

[134] Not William, as Mr. Camden and Mr. Speed; this last
author mentions the monasteries of S. Michael de Monte, and
S. Michael de Magno Monte, as distinct religious houses in
this county, for which I have not yet met with any other
authority.

[135] That Talcarn is the same with Minstre appears from the
registers of the bishops of Exeter; where in the register of
Bishop Branscomb, fol. 27. b. mention is made of “Talthar or
Talcarne a cell to Tywardreth;” and in Bishop Stapeldon’s
register, fol. 82. b. it is stiled “ecclesia de la Minstre
alias de Talcarne.” Gervase of Canterbury, among other
Cornish monasteries in his time, reckons Talcarn and St.
Mary de Valle as cells of Black monks to Algiers, but I know
not where the latter was situated, unless it was the same
with S. Michael de Valle a priory in Guernsey. Mr. Burton
and Mr. Speed have also these two houses, but they mistook
the reading in the ms. of Gervase of Cant. who, in the
column of the orders, hath, against these two and St.
Anthony “mon. n. de Angs,” which they translated “Black
monks of the Angells,” an order nowhere else to be met with.
Black monks of Angiers seems most probable, and that they
were cells to that foreign abbey, as Tywardreth certainly
was, on which Talcarn appears to have been dependent.

[136] Survey, f. 68.

[137] Cressy’s Church History, p. 768. Leland. Collect, vol.
iii. p. 13.

[138] Domesday, “Clerici S. Neoti tenent Neotestou, et
tenebant T.R.E. Ibi sunt ii. hidæ, quæ nunquam geldaverunt:
iv. bordarii, &c. Totam hanc terram præter i. acram, quam
presbiteri tenent, abstulit comes ab ecclesia.”

[140] John of Glastonbury saith of St. Neot, that he was
“dignis parentibus editus;” but his whole narrative is
inconsistent with his being of royal birth.

[141] Latest edition of Camden’s Britannia, col. 23.

[142] Cressy’s Church History of England, p. 224. from
archbishop Usher and Capgrave.

[143] Leland. Itin. vol. iii. p. 27.

[144] Not of Oxford, as Speed.

[145] Not A.D. 1288. as Mr. Camden and Speed; because bishop
Bronscomb the founder died in 1280.

[146] One of these prebends was annexed to the dignity of
the archdeaconry of Cornwall. Leland saith there were twelve
prebendaries. Itin. vol. iii. p. 27.

[147] “Thirteen vicars.” Cart. fund. “Prebendaries, and
other ministers. This college is strongly walled and
incastell’d, having three strong towers, and guns at the but
of the creke.” Leland, Itin. iii. 27.

[148] Domesday, “Canonici S. Pierani tenent Lanpiran, quæ
libera fuit T.R.E. De hoc manerio ablatæ sunt ii. hidæ, quæ
reddebant canonicis T.R.E. firmam quatuor septimanarum, et
decano xx. sol.”

[149] Leland. Itin. vol. iii. p. 24. ms. in bibl. Cotton.
_Julius_, C. vi.

[150] Plac. coram rege, 2 Ric. 2.

[151] Domesday, “Canonici S. Probi tenent Lantrebois. Ibi
est una hida.”

[152] Plac. coram rege, 2 Rich. 2.

[153] “A.D. 1258. dom. episc. Exon. contulit custodiam
decanatus ecclesiæ S. Probi magistro Henrico de Bolish.”
Reg. Bronscomb. episc. Exon.

[154] Pat. 3 Hen. 4. a grant of a prebend in the church of
S. Probus; four had pensions at the suppression.

[155] And so it seems to have done, even at the time of the
Lincoln taxation, 20 Ed. 1. where, among the dignities of
the church of Exeter, “Thesauraria, præter ecclesiam S.
Probi (quæ taxatur in archidiac. Cornub.) xx_l._”

[156] Ms. Valor, in offic. Primitiarum.

[157] _Quære_, Whether it ought not rather to be the rectory
of Saltash in Cornwall, which now belongs to Windsor
college.

[158] Leland. Itin. vol. iii. p. 19.

[159] Gervase of Cant. et Speed.

[160] Hen. Sulgrave, ms.

[161] Mon. Angl.

[162] Taxat. Lincoln. ms.

[163] Leland. Itin. vol. iii. p. 37.

[164] Gervase of Cant. “Monachi Nigri.”

[165] Montacute was of this order.

[166] Because mentioned by Gervase of Cant. The church of
St. Carric or Karentocus was given to Montacute by their
founder; as Mon. Angl. ii. p. 910.

[167] Leland. Itin. vol. vii. p. 121.

[168] Pat. 25 Ed. 3. p. 1. m.. where is the grant of a
prebend in this church by the crown, “Ratione temporalium
episcopatus Exon. in manu regis existen.” The advowson of
the vicarage is certainly in the bishop of Exeter.

[169] Taxat. Lincoln, ms. 20 Ed. 1.

[170] Portionarius ecclesiæ S. Tethæ Cornub. 25 Ed. 1.
Prynne, iii. p. 703.

[171] Ex informatione Reverendissimi Caroli nuper Episc.
Carliol.

[172] Their church was consecrated in the second year of
bishop Walter Bronscomb. Registr. Bronscomb.

[173] Leland. Itin. vol. iii. p. 27. where he calls them
White friers; but he mentions them as Black friers, Itin.
vol. vii. p. 120.

[174] Regist. Exon.

[175] Tax. Lincoln, ms.

[176] Registr. Exon. Ryley, p. 466. et Rot. 22 Ed. 1. but
Leland [Collect. i. 76. Itin. vii. 120.] saith they were
Cluny monks, by which name the foreign Benedictines were
often called.

[177] Registr. Exon. Rymer, iv. 243. claus. 1 Ed. 3. p. 1.
m. 22. Not to St. Peter super Dynam Sagiensis diœc. as
Rymer, viii. 106. et Mon. Angl. i. 1036.

[178] Leland. Itin. vol. iii. p. 14.

[179] Ibid. p. 6. Arundel of Lanhern of late taken to be
founder.

[180] Ms. Stow.

[181] Ms. Corp. Christ. coll. Cant.