The Pocket Gophers (Genus Thomomys) of Utah

Chapter IV: Part 4

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Unquestionably the easiest route of migration into the St. George area is down the Virgin River from Zion National Park; no barrier to gophers occurs between the Park and St. George. Although the animals from St. George are all intergrades, the majority of their affinities as would be expected are with _planirostris_ from Zion National Park. The river itself is not an impassable barrier for gophers to the north and south of it, since this stream frequently changes its course, and often nearly dries up. The Virgin River Valley in Zion National Park is in the bottom of a relatively deep, narrow canyon which has sheer rock escarpments. The upper reaches of the river are inhabited by pocket gophers of another species, _Thomomys talpoides_.

Two specimens from St. George, north of the Virgin River, were identified as _centralis_ by Hall and Davis (1934:52), but were stated to be intergrades between _centralis_, _trumbullensis_ and _planirostris_. Goldman (1938:338) referred twelve specimens from St. George to _nicholi_, but stated that they intergraded with _planirostris_. Twenty-six other specimens from three miles southwest of St. George on the west side of Santa Clara Creek, about one-half mile above its confluence with the Virgin River and on its north side, like the topotypes of _planirostris_ were taken in May and have complete, fresh summer pelage. With the exception of two specimens which show the ventral color of _virgineus_, these animals are indistinguishable in color from the topotypes of _planirostris_. A study of eleven measurements of the males of this series yield the following data: Like _planirostris_ in four measurements, _birdseyei_ in one, _virgineus_ in one; intergrade between _planirostris_ and _birdseyei_ in two, _planirostris_ and _virgineus_ in two and _birdseyei_ and _virgineus_ in one. Corresponding measurements of the females show the animals to be: Like _planirostris_ in four measurements, _birdseyei_ in one, _virgineus_ in two; intergrade between _planirostris_ and _birdseyei_ in two, _planirostris_ and _virgineus_ in one and _birdseyei_ and _virgineus_ in one. In eight of eleven measurements the males either are like _planirostris_ or intergrade towards it, and the females are similarly allied to _planirostris_ in seven out of eleven measurements. In none of the measurements was either sex referable to _trumbullensis_.

Intergradation was noted in still other cranial details. In the heavy, relatively straight zygomatic arches, a majority of the skulls resemble those of _planirostris_, although some show the elongated zygomatic processes of the squamosals that are characteristic of _virgineus_. Some skulls show a tendency toward _birdseyei_ in the widely spreading posterior regions of the zygomatic arches. The nasals for the most part are as in _planirostris_. Intergradation between all three subspecies is shown in the extension of the premaxillae posterior to the nasals. Some skulls show the lateral concavity of the jugals which is characteristic of _virgineus_. The tympanic bullae are variable but on the average are intermediate between those of _planirostris_ and _birdseyei_, but more as in the latter. The size of the pterygoid hamulae is like that of _planirostris_, but the shape of the interpterygoid space is more like that of _birdseyei_. The size of the molariform teeth is as in _birdseyei_. The incisors are intermediate between those of _planirostris_ and _birdseyei_, but more like those of _birdseyei_.

Eighteen specimens from St. George and its environs, on the north side of the Virgin River, agree with the twenty-six specimens just described, except that they show more evidence of intergradation with _birdseyei_ in slightly darker color, length of hind foot, length of nasals and alveolar length of the upper molar series.

One specimen from three miles south, two from two miles southwest, another from four miles southeast of St. George, and four immature animals from Short Creek Road south of the town of Virgin, all on the south side of the Virgin River, are darker than topotypes of _planirostris_ and show intergradation with _trumbullensis_ to the south. In size they are likewise closer to the latter race. They intergrade with _trumbullensis_ in the size and shape of the zygomatic arches and tympanic bullae. In the majority of cranial details, however, they are like _planirostris_ to which they are here referred.

One specimen, a skin only, from Danish Ranch, 5 miles northwest of Leeds, north of the Virgin River is an intergrade in size and color between _birdseyei_ and _planirostris_, but referable to the latter.

Three specimens from the East Entrance, and three from near the east entrance to Zion National Park are much darker than topotypes of _planirostris_. All of these animals are in worn pelage, thus allowing a great amount of the black underfur to show, which gives a markedly darker color. The unworn hair is only slightly darker than that of the topotypes. The cranial details prove these animals to be intergrades between _planirostris_ and _trumbullensis_. They resemble _trumbullensis_ in size of tympanic bullae, extension of the premaxillae posterior to the nasals and shape of the nasals. The majority of the cranial details are as in _planirostris_ to which they are here referred.

When Goldman (1938:337) named _Thomomys bottae nicholi_ from northern Arizona he referred twelve specimens from St. George, Washington County, Utah, to his newly named race. He noted that the animals from this region intergrade with _planirostris_. I have had occasion to study one-fourth of the material available to Goldman for his original description of _nicholi_. For his specimens listed as from St. George, the exact locality of capture, which is so essential in this distributional study, was not given. All of the specimens that I have seen from the Biological Surveys Collection are from the south side of the Virgin River, while St. George itself is on the north side. As noted earlier in this account there are differences between the gophers from the two sides of the Virgin River in this area. Those from the north side are intergrades between _birdseyei_, _planirostris_ and _virgineus_, while those from the south side are intergrades between _planirostris_ and _trumbullensis_.

Goldman (_loc. cit._) mentioned several times that the skulls of nicholi were nearly indistinguishable from, or closely resembled those of, _trumbullensis_. Color was the only truly diagnostic character mentioned by Goldman. My study reveals the same differences and likenesses found by Goldman, but I consider color alone insufficient basis in this instance for establishing a new subspecies, and regard _Thomomys bottae nicholi_ as a synonym of the earlier proposed name, _Thomomys bottae trumbullensis_.

The animals from the south side of the Virgin River, labelled as from St. George, Washington County, heretofore referred by Goldman to _nicholi_, are intergrades between _trumbullensis_ and _planirostris_ and along with other specimens from the same place are referable to the latter race.

_Specimens examined._--Total, 68, distributed as follows:
_Washington County_: Danish Ranch, 5 mi. NW Leeds, 1; Zion
National Park, 2 (M. V. Z.); Grotto Camp, Zion National
Park, 4,300 ft., 6 (N. H. M. S. D.); Springdale, 3,400 ft.,
4 (K. U.); near Short Creek Road, S town of Virgin, 4 (R.
H.); St. George, N Virgin River, 2,950 ft., 21 (4, M. V. Z.;
8, R. H.; 9, N. H. M. S. D.); Santa Clara Creek, 3 mi. SW
St. George, 2,800 ft., 26; St. George, S Virgin River, 5 (2,
M. V. Z.; 3, U. S. N. M.); 2 mi. SE St. George, 2,950 ft., 2
(N. H. M. S. D.); 3 mi. S St. George, 1 (C. M.); 4 mi. SE
St. George, S Virgin River, 1 (R. H.); 6 mi. S St. George,
2,700 ft., 6 (K. U.). _Kane County_: East Entrance Zion
National Park, 5,725 ft., 3 (N. H. M. S. D.); near East
Entrance Zion National Park, 5,500 ft., 3 (N. H. M. S. D.).

_Additional records._--_Washington County_: Zion National
Park, 22; Washington, 7 (Burt, 1931:39); St. George, 5;
Santa Clara, 2 (Bailey, 1915:75).

=Thomomys bottae absonus= Goldman

_Thomomys perpallidus absonus_ Goldman, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci., 21:425, October 19, 1931.

_Thomomys bottae absonus_ Hall and Davis, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 47:52, February 9, 1934; Goldman, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Washington, 48:156, October 31, 1935.

_Thomomys perpallidus aureus_ Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 39:75,
November 15, 1915; Barnes, Bull. Univ. Utah, 12 (No. 15):85,
April, 1922; Bull. Univ. Utah, 17 (No. 12):100, June, 1927.

_Type._--Male, adult, skin and skull, No. 250016, U. S. National Museum (Biological Surveys Collection); Jacobs Pools, Houserock Valley, 4,000 ft., Coconino County, Arizona; June 7, 1931; collected by E. A. Goldman; original number 23569 (after Goldman, type not seen).

_Range._--Southern Utah in Kane and Garfield counties, in the drainages of Kanab Creek, Johnson Creek, Paria River and Escalante River.

_Diagnosis._--Size medium (see measurements). Color: Upper parts Ochraceous Buff mixed with dusky; sides and underparts Light Ochraceous Buff; chin, nose, cheeks and top of head grayish black; postauricular patches black mixed with buff; front feet, hind feet, inguinal region and distal third of tail white. Skull: Nasals relatively long; rostrum narrow; ascending processes of premaxillae narrow; extension of premaxillae posterior to nasals short; lambdoidal and sagittal crests poorly developed; zygomatic arches light; jugals nearly straight; palate narrow; molariform teeth small.

_Comparisons._--Compared with topotypes of _Thomomys bottae trumbullensis_, _absonus_ differs in: Size smaller. Color: Markedly lighter throughout. Skull: Smoother, less angular; zygomatic arches weak as opposed to robust; nasals more convex as viewed laterally; extension of premaxillae posterior to nasals less; ascending processes of premaxillae narrower; palate narrower; palatal pits shallower; rostrum narrower; molariform teeth smaller.

For comparisons of _absonus_ with _Thomomys bottae aureus_ see account under that form.

Among named races of _Thomomys bottae_, _absonus_ most closely resembles _planirostris_, but can be distinguished from the topotypes as follows: Size markedly smaller. Color: Lighter, more buffy throughout. Skull: Smaller, less ridged and more nearly flat; nasals convex as opposed to flat; extension of premaxillae posterior to nasals less; width of ascending processes of premaxillae less; zygomatic arches weaker; palate narrower; alveolar length of upper molar series shorter; tympanic bullae more inflated ventrally; molariform teeth smaller and lighter.

_Remarks._--One specimen from Kanab is an intergrade between _trumbullensis_ and _absonus_. The majority of its characters are with _absonus_ to which it is referred (see Hall and Davis, 1934:52). Two specimens from Escalante are intergrades between _absonus_ and _dissimilis_, but are referable to _absonus_.

_Specimens examined._--Total, 3, distributed as follows:
_Garfield County_: Escalante, 5,258 ft., 2 (B. Y. U.), _Kane
County_: Kanab, 4,925 ft., 1 (M. V. Z.).

=Thomomys bottae alexandrae= Goldman

_Thomomys alexandrae_ Goldman, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci.,
23:464, October 15, 1933.

_Thomomys bottae alexandrae_ Benson, Univ. California Publ.
Zooel., 40:449, December 31, 1935.

_Type._--Male, adult, skin and skull, No. 250969, U. S. National Museum (Biological Surveys Collection); 5 mi. SE Rainbow Lodge, near Navajo Mountain, Coconino County, Arizona; June 16, 1933; collected by E. A. Goldman; original number 23613 (after Goldman, type not seen).

_Range._--In extreme southwestern San Juan County, Utah. Known only from Navajo Mountain, probably limited to the area enclosed on the north by the Colorado and San Juan rivers, on the east and west by Navajo and Piute canyons, respectively.

_Diagnosis._--Size small (see measurements). Color: Upper parts Cinnamon Buff, grading over the sides to Pinkish Buff on underparts; nose and top of head grayish black; hind feet and tail white; postauricular patches large and dark. Skull: Small and not heavily ridged; zygomatic arches widely spreading but weak; zygomatic arches nearly parallel; tympanic bullae moderately inflated ventrally; palate not arched; interpterygoid space U-shaped; dentition light.

_Comparisons._--Compared to topotypes of _Thomomys bottae absonus_, _alexandrae_ differs as follows: Size smaller in every measurement taken. Color: Upper parts Cinnamon Buff as contrasted with Light Ochraceous Buff. Skull: Smaller in every measurement taken except interorbital breadth and alveolar length of upper molar series which are larger; molariform teeth larger.

Among named races of _Thomomys bottae_ occurring in Utah, _alexandrae_ most resembles _T. b. aureus_ to the northeast. It can be distinguished from topotypes of the latter by: Size smaller in every measurement taken. Color: Darker throughout. Skull: Smaller, slenderer and more nearly flat; palate nearly flat as opposed to arched; zygomatic arches weaker and not so widely spreading; interparietal narrower; tympanic bullae smaller; dentition weaker.

_Remarks._--Goldman (1933:464) accorded _alexandrae_ full specific status, because he found no intergradation with other races, from which he thought _alexandrae_ had been isolated perhaps for thousands of years by the barriers of the surrounding terrain. Benson (1935:450) noted resemblances between _alexandrae_ and specimens of _latirostris_ from Keams Canyon, Zuni Well, and Winslow in Navajo County, Arizona (= _aureus_), and also between _alexandrae_ and _absonus_ from Houserock Valley, Arizona. He thought that _alexandrae_ is no more differentiated or isolated than each of several other kinds of desert pocket gophers, and, therefore, accorded _alexandrae_ only subspecific status, as I, also, am inclined to do.

_Specimens examined._--One (M. V. Z.) from Soldier Spring,
Navajo Mountain, 8,600 ft., San Juan County. Fourteen
topotypes from Arizona also were examined.

MEASUREMENTS OF ADULT MALES OF THOMOMYS

(In millimeters)

_T. b. aureiventris_, 4; topotypes (Hall, 1930:446) Av. 243 67 32 36.4 14.7 26.5 21.5 6.6 7.9 2.4 .... ... Min. 232 59 31 35.3 14.0 25.5 20.9 6.1 7.8 1.8 .... ... Max. 253 72 33 37.1 15.3 27.3 22.3 6.9 8.0 3.4 .... ...

_T. b. centralis_, 9; topotypes (Hall, 1930:446) Av. 237 75 30 36.3 14.6 25.2 20.7 6.6 8.0 3.2 .... ... Min. 215 61 29 34.5 13.9 24.6 19.7 5.8 7.5 2.2 .... ... Max. 250 83 32 38.0 15.9 26.1 21.9 7.2 8.7 4.5 .... ...

_T. b. albicaudatus_, 7; topotypes (Hall, 1930:446) Av. 228 65 31 35.4 14.0 26.1 20.5 6.6 8.1 3.2 .... ... Min. 223 59 29 34.9 13.4 24.9 19.8 6.4 7.8 3.0 .... ... Max. 235 72 32 36.1 15.1 27.8 21.1 6.9 8.4 3.8 .... ...

_T. b. robustus_, 9; topotypes Av. 222 65 29 34.1 13.6 26.0 20.8 6.4 7.8 2.7 15.7 8.4 Min. 214 59 28 32.6 13.0 25.2 20.0 6.1 7.3 2.0 14.7 8.1 Max. 236 70 31 35.7 14.4 26.7 21.5 6.7 8.2 3.0 17.0 8.8

_T. b. stansburyi_, 5; topotypes Av. 206 60 28 32.3 12.4 22.4 19.1 6.3 7.6 2.8 14.7 7.5 Min. 198 58 26 30.6 12.0 21.5 18.2 6.2 7.0 2.5 14.1 7.1 Max. 215 68 31 33.4 13.0 23.1 20.1 6.5 8.0 3.0 15.4 7.8

_T. b. nesophilus_, 4; topotypes Av. 230 69 32 35.3 14.4 25.5 20.4 6.8 8.4 2.5 17.1 8.2 Min. 220 60 30 33.6 14.1 24.9 19.8 6.5 8.2 2.1 16.4 7.6 Max. 242 75 33 36.5 14.8 26.2 21.1 7.1 8.7 2.9 18.4 8.6

_T. b. minimus_, 2; topotypes Av. 184 60 25 30.7 11.3 21.3 18.7 6.4 7.4 2.5 13.9 7.5 Min. 179 55 24 28.7 10.2 20.2 17.8 6.3 7.3 2.5 12.9 7.0 Max. 189 64 26 32.8 12.5 22.4 19.6 6.4 7.6 2.5 15.0 7.9

_T. b. lenis_, 2; topotypes Av. 251 80 32 39.7 16.0 28.6 22.6 6.8 8.3 3.4 18.4 8.8 Min. 248 74 31 39.4 15.8 28.4 22.4 6.6 8.2 3.0 17.9 8.6 Max. 255 86 32 29.9 16.2 28.7 22.7 6.9 8.5 3.7 18.8 8.9

_T. b. contractus_, 8; topotypes Av. 229 74 31 33.3 12.5 23.7 19.1 6.6 7.6 3.0 15.4 7.3 Min. 209 63 28 30.0 10.9 21.4 17.7 6.3 7.2 2.4 13.5 6.5 Max. 255 85 33 37.4 14.5 26.4 20.9 6.9 8.0 3.5 18.2 8.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------

MEASUREMENTS OF ADULT MALES OF THOMOMYS--_Continued_

No. 191959 (U. S. N. M.) _T. b. levidensis_, 1; topotype
222 65 28 33.3 12.7 24.5 19.0 6.5 7.6 3.3 15.1 8.0

_T. b. convexus_, 6; topotypes Av. 213 59 28 33.1 14.3 24.9 21.7 6.6 8.0 2.6 16.2 8.2 Min. 206 57 27 31.3 13.9 23.8 21.0 6.5 7.7 2.1 15.2 8.0 Max. 233 68 29 35.0 14.6 26.7 22.3 6.8 8.1 2.8 17.2 8.6

_T. b. tivius_, 7; topotypes Av. 208 69 27 31.5 12.2 22.4 18.4 6.4 7.2 2.4 14.0 7.1 Min. 199 67 25 29.3 11.9 20.6 17.1 6.0 7.0 2.1 13.2 6.5 Max. 227 70 30 34.1 12.8 25.0 19.8 6.6 7.6 3.0 15.0 7.9

_T. b. bonnevillei_, 3; topotypes Av. 228 70 30 35.4 13.9 26.4 21.8 6.6 8.1 3.7 17.6 8.5 Min. 221 62 30 33.6 13.2 25.4 20.5 6.5 8.1 3.4 16.1 8.2 Max. 236 79 30 37.4 14.9 28.0 22.5 6.7 8.1 4.3 18.1 8.7

_T. b. sevieri_, 3; topotypes Av. 216 67 30 32.7 12.9 22.9 18.7 6.4 7.2 2.5 15.3 7.6 Min. 210 66 29 31.7 11.8 22.2 18.0 6.2 7.0 1.8 14.5 7.5 Max. 222 68 31 33.5 13.5 23.4 19.3 6.7 7.2 3.0 16.4 7.7

_T. b. wahwahensis_, 4; topotypes Av. 228 66 29 34.7 13.5 25.5 20.7 6.6 7.3 2.3 15.7 8.7 Min. 210 60 26 33.0 13.1 24.6 20.1 6.5 7.0 2.2 14.9 8.5 Max. 250 78 30 37.6 14.6 27.0 21.4 6.8 8.0 2.5 17.1 9.0

_T. b. planirostris_, 8; topotypes (Burt, 1931:39) Av. 238 76 32 35.6 13.8 25.9 20.4 6.6 8.5 3.7 .... 8.8 Min. 222 66 31 33.3 12.5 24.4 19.8 6.2 8.2 3.0 .... 8.3 Max. 261 83 34 38.7 15.3 27.6 21.3 7.2 8.9 4.5 .... 9.4

_T. b. birdseyei_, 3; topotypes Av. 227 64 31 34.9 13.8 26.2 20.9 6.2 8.4 2.6 16.3 8.3 Min. 214 52 30 34.5 13.1 26.0 20.1 6.0 8.1 2.2 16.0 8.2 Max. 243 81 32 35.2 14.1 27.4 21.5 6.5 8.8 2.8 16.9 8.4

_T. b. virgineus_, 5; Beaverdam Wash, 5 mi. N Utah-Arizona Line Av. 226 68 29 34.6 13.5 25.6 20.7 6.3 8.0 3.0 16.5 8.5 Min. 216 62 27 33.5 12.8 25.0 20.0 6.1 7.6 2.4 15.3 8.3 Max. 235 70 30 34.9 14.4 26.0 21.1 6.6 8.4 3.5 17.4 8.7

_T. b. aureus_, 3; topotypes Av. 242 68 34 36.6 14.3 25.3 21.4 6.6 8.3 2.4 17.2 8.7 Min. 233 65 32 35.3 13.8 24.6 20.6 6.4 7.7 2.0 16.7 8.3 Max. 251 70 36 37.8 14.9 25.8 22.0 6.8 8.7 2.5 17.9 9.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------

MEASUREMENTS OF ADULT MALES OF THOMOMYS--_Concluded_

_T. b. howelli_, 5; 10 mi. N Moab Av. 213 67 31 33.1 13.5 23.2 20.1 6.5 8.3 2.5 16.1 8.8 Min. 205 64 30 31.8 12.8 22.8 18.9 6.4 8.0 2.3 15.1 8.1 Max. 225 68 32 35.3 14.3 24.1 20.7 6.8 8.8 2.8 17.5 9.4

No. 3094 (U. U.) _T. b. absonus_, 1; topotype
220 71 29 32.0 13.9 22.6 19.0 6.4 7.0 1.0 15.1 7.2

No. 158529 (U. S. N. M.) _T. b. osgoodi_, 1; topotype
225 70 29 33.8 13.3 22.7 19.6 6.6 8.4 3.2 16.5 8.3

_T. b. alexandrae_, 1; topotype (Benson, 1935:450) 205 59 27 33.9 13.7 24.3 19.7 6.5 8.0 ... 15.8 8.1 ----------------------------------------------------------------------

MEASUREMENTS OF ADULT FEMALES OF THOMOMYS

(In millimeters)

_T. b. aureiventris_, 2; topotypes (Hall, 1930:446) Av. 212 62 30 32.4 12.9 22.9 19.4 6.7 7.4 2.8 .... ... Min. 208 58 29 31.8 12.6 22.5 18.9 6.6 7.0 2.7 .... ... Max. 215 65 30 33.0 13.1 23.3 19.8 6.8 7.8 3.1 .... ...

_T. b. centralis_, 17; topotypes (Hall, 1930:446) Av. 214 67 29 31.8 12.6 22.1 19.0 6.6 7.6 2.7 .... ... Min. 195 55 27 30.5 11.9 21.3 18.2 5.9 7.0 2.0 .... ... Max. 229 75 30 33.0 13.8 23.1 20.1 7.1 7.8 3.4 .... ...

_T. b. albicaudatus_, 4; topotypes (Hall, 1930:446) Av. 211 64 30 32.5 12.9 22.9 18.8 6.6 7.7 2.7 .... ... Min. 199 55 29 31.7 11.9 21.9 18.2 6.1 7.5 2.6 .... ... Max. 219 70 32 33.8 13.5 24.0 19.5 6.8 8.0 3.0 .... ...

_T. b. robustus_, 11; topotypes Av. 199 61 27 30.6 11.7 22.6 18.8 6.4 7.6 2.6 13.9 7.4 Min. 191 56 22 29.0 10.6 21.0 18.1 6.2 7.1 2.0 12.0 7.1 Max. 207 66 29 31.6 12.2 23.6 19.8 6.7 8.0 2.9 14.7 7.9

_T. b. stansburyi_, 5; topotypes Av. 202 57 28 31.1 12.1 21.9 18.7 6.5 7.7 2.6 14.5 7.4 Min. 195 56 26 29.9 10.6 21.0 17.8 6.2 7.3 2.3 13.4 6.9 Max. 210 63 30 32.7 12.8 22.4 19.5 6.8 8.0 3.0 15.2 7.7

No. 900 (U. U.) _T. b. nesophilus_, 1; topotype
210 65 31 31.2 12.3 23.2 19.3 6.9 8.2 2.2 15.2 7.3

_T. b. minimus_, 2; topotypes Av. 178 56 25 28.2 10.6 19.7 17.4 6.1 7.0 2.3 13.1 6.7 Min. 175 54 24 28.1 10.4 19.6 17.1 6.1 7.0 2.3 13.0 6.5 Max. 181 58 25 28.2 10.8 19.7 17.7 6.1 7.0 2.3 13.2 6.8

_T. b. contractus_, 6; topotypes Av. 219 68 30 33.1 12.6 23.3 19.5 6.5 7.8 2.6 15.5 7.1 Min. 208 58 29 32.2 12.0 22.2 18.9 6.4 7.6 2.3 14.2 7.0 Max. 225 73 31 34.7 13.3 25.2 20.6 6.7 8.2 3.2 17.0 7.3

_T. b. levidensis_, 4; topotypes Av. 205 69 26 30.5 11.1 21.7 17.5 6.6 7.5 2.9 14.0 7.0 Min. 194 61 26 29.3 10.6 21.5 17.3 6.3 7.2 2.8 13.0 6.9 Max. 223 73 27 30.8 11.5 21.9 17.9 6.9 7.8 3.2 14.7 7.2 ----------------------------------------------------------------------

MEASUREMENTS OF ADULT FEMALES OF THOMOMYS--_Continued_

_T. b. convexus_, 11; topotypes Av. 197 57 27 29.9 12.5 21.7 19.3 6.6 7.7 2.6 14.7 7.4 Min. 182 43 26 27.9 11.2 21.0 18.8 6.2 7.1 2.1 13.3 7.1 Max. 204 63 28 30.9 13.4 22.3 19.8 7.1 7.9 3.1 15.2 7.7

_T. b. tivius_, 5; topotypes Av. 203 68 27 29.5 11.1 21.1 17.8 6.5 7.2 2.4 13.5 6.8 Min. 192 63 26 28.0 10.5 20.1 17.3 6.3 7.1 2.0 12.7 6.4 Max. 215 74 30 31.3 11.4 22.9 19.0 6.7 7.5 3.0 14.2 7.2

_T. b. bonnevillei_, 7; topotypes Av. 199 57 28 31.7 11.8 22.2 19.3 6.6 7.7 3.2 14.9 7.3 Min. 184 50 24 29.4 10.1 20.3 18.1 6.4 7.1 2.6 13.5 6.9 Max. 216 66 29 34.3 13.6 24.3 20.3 7.0 8.5 4.1 16.6 7.7

_T. b. sevieri_, 7; topotypes Av. 205 62 28 30.2 11.8 21.6 18.0 6.4 7.0 2.7 14.2 7.1 Min. 199 54 28 29.4 11.3 20.6 17.7 6.1 6.6 2.1 13.9 6.6 Max. 212 70 29 30.7 12.6 22.1 18.6 6.8 7.4 3.0 14.7 7.6

_T. b. wahwahensis_, 8; topotypes Av. 185 56 27 28.7 11.3 20.6 17.6 6.3 7.1 2.1 12.6 7.1 Min. 180 50 26 26.3 10.2 19.0 16.5 5.8 6.9 1.1 10.8 6.4 Max. 197 62 29 30.7 12.6 22.0 19.0 6.7 7.8 2.9 14.0 7.6

_T. b. planirostris_, 8; topotypes (Burt, 1931:39) Av. 215 71 31 32.2 12.4 23.2 18.7 6.5 8.1 3.6 .... 7.9 Min. 205 61 30 31.5 11.8 22.3 18.1 6.4 7.5 2.8 .... 7.5 Max. 228 78 33 33.0 12.9 24.1 19.5 6.7 8.6 4.5 .... 8.1

_T. b. birdseyei_, 3; topotypes Av. 220 71 29 31.6 11.8 22.7 18.6 6.1 7.4 2.4 14.7 7.5 Min. 217 68 28 31.4 11.0 22.4 18.3 6.0 7.3 1.6 13.3 7.4 Max. 223 75 30 32.0 12.8 23.0 19.1 6.2 7.4 3.0 15.3 7.5

_T. b. virgineus_, 4; Beaverdam Wash, 5 mi. N Utah-Arizona Line Av. 211 64 29 31.6 12.2 22.6 19.4 5.9 7.5 3.1 15.1 7.3 Min. 202 60 27 31.3 11.3 22.4 18.8 5.8 7.3 2.4 14.4 7.2 Max. 218 68 30 32.1 12.8 22.7 20.0 6.1 7.8 3.7 15.5 7.6

_T. b. aureus_, 3; topotypes Av. 226 57 31 33.2 13.3 23.8 19.8 6.7 8.2 1.9 15.3 8.2 Min. 217 54 30 32.8 12.5 23.3 19.6 6.4 8.0 1.6 14.5 8.2 Max. 233 64 31 34.0 14.2 24.4 19.8 6.9 8.4 2.0 16.4 8.3

No. 20300 (C. M.) _T. b. howelli_, 1; 10 mi. N Moab 202 59 28 32.4 12.3 21.1 19.2 6.4 7.9 2.4 15.8 8.3 ----------------------------------------------------------------------

MEASUREMENTS OF ADULT FEMALES OF THOMOMYS--_Concluded_

No. 158524 (U. S. N. M.) _T. b. dissimilis_, 1; topotype
188 61 27 28.2 10.1 19.0 16.7 6.1 7.4 2.1 12.8 6.5

No. 158528 (U. S. N. M.) _T. b. osgoodi_, 1; topotype
203 61 27 29.6 11.5 .. 18.3 6.9 7.4 2.0 14.0 7.3

_T. b. alexandrae_, 3; topotypes Av. 205 63 28 30.9 11.8 20.8 17.9 6.4 7.6 1.8 14.1 7.5 Min. 195 57 27 28.7 11.5 20.5 17.2 6.3 7.5 1.5 13.6 7.2 Max. 215 70 29 31.5 12.1 22.2 18.6 6.5 7.7 2.0 14.7 7.7 --------------------------------------------------------------------------

LITERATURE CITED

ALLEN, J. A.

1874. Notes on the mammals of portions of Kansas, Colorado,
Wyoming and Utah, Part IV. On the mammals of the Great
Salt Lake Valley, Utah. Bull. Essex Inst., 6:61-66, 1874.

1893. Descriptions of four new species of _Thomomys_ with
remarks on other species of the genus. Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 5:47-68, April 28, 1893.

1893. List of mammals collected by Mr. Charles P. Rowley in
the San Juan region of Colorado, New Mexico and Utah,
with descriptions of new species. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 5:69-84, April 28, 1893.

1896. List of mammals collected by Mr. Walter W. Granger in
New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming and Nebraska, 1895-1896, with
field notes by the collector. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist., 8:241-258, November 25, 1896.

1905. Mammals from Beaver County, Utah, collected by the
Museum expedition of 1904. Brooklyn Inst. Mus. Sci.
Bull., 1:117-122, March 31, 1905.

BAILEY, VERNON.

1915. Revision of the pocket gophers of the genus
_Thomomys_. N. Amer. Fauna, 39:1-136, pls. 8, 10 figs.,
November 15, 1915.

BARNES, CLAUDE T.

1922. Mammals of Utah. Bull. Univ. Utah, 12 (No. 15):1-176,
30 figs., April, 1922.

1927. Utah mammals. Bull. Univ. Utah, 17 (No. 12):1-183, 32
figs., June, 1927.

BENSON, SETH B.

1935. A biological reconnaissance of Navajo Mountain, Utah.
Univ. California Publ. Zooel., 40:439-455, December 31,
1935.

BURT, WILLIAM H.

1931. A new pocket gopher of the genus _Thomomys_ from Utah.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 44:37-40, May 8, 1931.

COUES, E.

1875. Abstract of results of a study of the genera _Geomys_
and _Thomomys_. Part III. Zooelogy, in explorations of
the Colorado River of the West and its tributaries,
explored in 1869, 1870, 1871 and 1872 under the
direction of the Smithsonian Institution, reported by
J. W. Powell, Gov't Printing Office, Washington, D. C.,
1875.

1877. Monographs of North American Rodents, No. X, Geomyidae,
pp. 601-629, U. S. Geol. Surv. of the territories,
Gov't Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1877.

COUES, E., and YARROW, H. C.

1875. Report upon the collection of mammals made in portions
of Nevada, Utah, California, New Mexico and Arizona
during the years 1871-74. Wheeler's Rept. Expl. W of
100th Mer. vol. 5, pp. 35-129, 1875.

DAVIS, WILLIAM B.

1939. The Recent mammals of Idaho. The Caxton Printers, Ltd.,
Caldwell, Idaho, pp. 1-400, pls. 2, 33 figs., April 5,
1939.

DURRANT, STEPHEN D.

1937. Two new gophers from Utah. Bull. Univ. Utah, 28 (No.
4):1-7, August 18, 1937.

1939. A new pocket gopher of the _Thomomys quadratus_ group
from the northern Great Basin region. Bull. Univ.
Utah, 39 (No. 6):1-6, February 28, 1939.

GOLDMAN, E. A.

1933. New mammals from Arizona, New Mexico and Colorado.
Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 23:463-473, October 15,
1933.

1936. New pocket gophers of the genus _Thomomys_. Journ.
Washington Acad. Sci., 26:111-120, March 15, 1936.

1938. New pocket gophers of the genus _Thomomys_ from
Arizona and Utah. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci.,
28:333-343, July 15, 1938.

1939. Remarks on pocket gophers, with special reference to
_Thomomys talpoides_. Journ. Mamm., 20:231-244, May
14, 1939.

1942. Three new rodents from southern Utah. Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 55:75-78, July 25, 1942.

HALL, E. RAYMOND.

1931. Critical comments on mammals from Utah, with
descriptions of new forms from Utah, Nevada and
Washington. Univ. California Publ. Zooel., 37:1-13,
April 10, 1931.

HALL, E. RAYMOND, and DAVIS, WILLIAM B.

1934. Notes on Arizona rodents. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
47:51-56, February 9, 1934.

HAYWARD, C. LYNN.

1936. A bibliography of Utah mammalogy; including references
to names and type localities applied to Utah mammals.
Utah Acad. Sci. Arts and Letters, 13:122-146, 1936.

1941. A bibliography of Utah mammalogy; including references
to names and type localities (first supplement). Great
Basin Nat., 2:125-136, December 31, 1941.

MARSHALL, WILLIAM H.

1940. A survey of the mammals of the islands in Great Salt
Lake, Utah. Journ. Mamm., 21:149-159, 2 pls., 1 map,
May 14, 1940.

MERRIAM, C. HART.

1901. Descriptions of twenty-three new pocket gophers of
the genus _Thomomys_. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
14:107-117, July 19, 1901.

MILLER, GERRITT S., JR.

1924. List of North American Recent mammals, 1923. U. S.
Nat. Mus. Bull., 128, pp. I-XVI, + 1-673, Govt.
Printing Office, Washington, D. C., March 18, 1924.

SVIHLA, RUTH DOWELL.

1931. Mammals of the Uinta Mountains region. Journ. Mamm.,
12:256-266, pls. 1, 1 fig., August 24, 1931.

21-2786

* * * * *

Transcriber's Notes

Made minor punctuation corrections, and the following changes:

Page 11: Changed Oquirrah Mountains to Oquirrh Mountains.

Page 15: Changed interptergoid to interpterygoid.

Page 25: Changed acccounts to accounts.

Page 30: Changed distiguished to distinguished.

Page 54: Changed hpyothesis to hypothesis.

Page 57: Changed under parts to underparts.

Formatted Tables to fit width guidelines.

Bold text is shown within =equal signs=.

Italicized text is shown within _underscores_.

Comments

The Pocket Gophers (Genus Thomomys) of UtahChapter IV: Part 4

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