Chapter II: Part 2

_One value._ Similar in all respects to the last issue, except as regards the inscription and stamp. The inscription is in three lines, as follows: 1st, “UNION POSTALE UNIVERSELLE,” each word commencing with a Roman capital; 2nd, “CANADA POST CARD,” in Roman capitals, the initial letter of each word being in larger type than the rest; 3rd, “THE ADDRESS ONLY,” &c., in block letters. The stamp is larger, and above and below the circle containing the head are small arched labels of solid colour, inscribed “CANADA” and “POSTCARD” respectively in Roman capitals. The label containing the value is larger, and the remainder of the design is different. (_Illustration 46._)

2 c., yellow-green (shades).

Issue V. June, 1882.

_One value._ Impressed upon light buff card. Size, 5¹⁄₁₀ × 2⁹⁄₁₀ inches. At the top of the card is an arched scroll, inscribed “CANADA POST CARD,” in coloured Roman capitals; and below this, in a straight line measuring 2¹⁷⁄₂₀ inches, “THE ADDRESS TO BE WRITTEN ON THIS SIDE,” in block letters. The stamp, type of that on the wrapper of Issue II., is placed in the right upper corner. The card is without frame. (_Illustration 47._)

1 c., ultramarine (shades).
1 c., blue ( ” ).

Issue VI. 1888.

_One value._ Printed upon light buff card as last, but the stamp is replaced by one of the same type as that found on the wrapper of Issue I.

1 c., blue.

_Remarks._—This card has not been seen by the Society. It is taken from the third supplement in M. Moens’ Catalogue.

Issue VII. 1888.

_One value._ Impressed upon light buff card, like the previous issue; but the stamp is similar in type to that found upon the wrappers of Issue III. The line of directions, “THE ADDRESS TO BE WRITTEN ON THIS SIDE,” measures only 2¾ inches. (_Illustration 48._)

1 c., blue (shades).

_Remarks._—In 1887 several of the _Philatelic Journals_ described another variety of the One Cent card, having the inscription at the top of the _stamp_ altered to “CANADA POST CARD” in place of “CANADA POSTAGE.” The reply card was also said to have been issued with the same modification in the stamp. Neither of these cards is known to the Society, and their existence has since been denied.

REPLY PAID CARDS.

Issue I. December 20th, 1882.

_One value._ Precisely similar to the single card of Issue V., except that the second half has the word “REPLY” in block letters beneath the scroll. The cards are folded along the top, and the design is impressed upon the first and third pages.

1 c. + 1 c., slate-blue.

Issue II. 1885.

_One value._ Similar to the last issue, but the stamps are impressed in the left upper corners of the cards.

1 c. + 1 c., slate-blue.

Issue III. 1888.

_One value._ Corresponding in all respects to Issue VII. of the single cards; but the second half has the word “REPLY” in block letters beneath the scroll. The cards are folded along the top, and the design is impressed upon the first and third pages.

1 c. + 1 c., greenish-black.

OFFICIAL CARD.

For the use of the _Customs Postal Package Office_ for notifying to the _adressè_ the arrival of a package liable to duty. A notice form is printed at the back of the card in black, with spaces left for the particulars to be inserted by hand. The face of the card has nothing whatever upon it.

Without expressed value. Black on buff.

_Remarks._—The cards of Issue V. are met with, with the stamp surcharged “OFFICIAL” or “SERVICE,” &c. &c.; but, as stated in the remarks after Issue III. of the envelopes, the surcharges are in no way official.

NEW BRUNSWICK.

PRELIMINARY NOTES.

_BY E. D. BACON._

New Brunswick is situated between 45° 5′ and 48° 5′ N. lat., and 63° 47′ and 67° 53′ W. long.; its area is about 27,105 square miles. It is connected with Nova Scotia by a low isthmus. New Brunswick, in the early part of the last century, belonged to the French, and was called by them New France. At the peace of 1763 New Brunswick, with the rest of Canada, was ceded by France to Great Britain, and was annexed to Nova Scotia until 1785, when it was erected into a separate colony. It was first colonized by British subjects in 1761, and in 1783 by disbanded troops from New England.

We learn from the following notice, which appeared in _The Royal Gazette_, published at Fredericton, New Brunswick, on September 10th, 1851, that the introduction of postage stamps into this colony took place on September 6th of that year:

“NOTICE TO THE PUBLIC.

“A SUPPLY of POSTAGE STAMPS has been received from England, and
will be on sale at this office on and after Friday next, the
6th September. They are of the respective colours and values as
under; viz.:

_Scarlet_ Three Pence.
_Yellow_ Six Pence.
_Pink_ One Shilling.

“Supplies will be immediately forwarded to all Postmasters
throughout the Province, and through them to the Way Office
Keepers, from whom the Public will be able to obtain them at
cost prices in any quantities they may require.

“N.B.—The postage stamps should be affixed to the _face_, or
direction side of the Letter, at the right hand upper corner.

“(Signed) J. HOWE, _Postmaster-General_.

“GENERAL POST OFFICE, ST. JOHN, _1st September, 1851_.”

Besides giving us the exact day the stamps came into use, the above notice is interesting as proving which shade of the One Shilling was first issued. One would hardly call any of the stamps of this value _pink_, as officially designated, but the majority of them are a pinkish-mauve; and these were undoubtedly the stamps referred to in the notice, while the darker shades of mauve, or dull violet, are those of later printings.

The Report of the Postmaster-General of Great Britain for 1857 furnishes us with a list of the Postal rates of the Colony in force at the time of the introduction of postage stamps. It says:

“In 1842 and 1851 measures were successively introduced for the
establishment of a low rate of postage.

On Letters not exceeding ½ oz. 3d.
Above ½ oz. and not exceeding 1 oz. 6d.

And so on, 3d. being charged for every additional ½ oz.

“There is an additional charge of 1d. (1½ currency?) each on
Letters delivered at St. John and Fredericton, the only places
where letter carriers are employed.

“Newspapers are conveyed free.

“On Books, &c., the charge is as follows, prepayment being
compulsory:

For a single volume, not exceeding ½ lb. in weight 7½d.
Above ½ lb. and not exceeding 1 lb. 1s. 3d.
Above 1 lb. and not exceeding 2 lbs. 2s. 6d.

And so on, according to the English scale of weight.”

Mr. John Howe held the position of Postmaster-General until May 30th, 1856, when an Act came into force which made the office a political one. Mr. Francis M’Phelim was then appointed in his place, and Mr. Howe became Postmaster of the city of St. John on June 12th in that year. Mr. F. M’Phelim resigned office on June 8th, 1857, and was succeeded by Mr. John Mercer Johnson, jun. The latter resigned on November 2nd, 1858, when Mr. Charles Connell took office. Mr. Connell resigned on May 19th, 1860, and was succeeded by Mr. James Steadman. Mr. A. S. Phair was the Postmaster of Fredericton during these and several future years. Mr. Stephen J. King is the present Inspector of Post-offices, and Mr. E. Willis the Postmaster at St. John. As many collectors are aware, all three stamps of the first issue are found cut in two, diagonally, and used for half their original values. The Three Pence is also known cut in half, parallel to one of the sides of the stamp; and the Six Pence exists divided into four equal triangular pieces, each part being used as a Three Halfpenny stamp, in conjunction with a whole Six Penny, to make up the postal rate of 7½d. I have been unable to find any official notice in _The Royal Gazette_ authorizing the use of any of these mutilated stamps; but an interesting article, published in _The Philatelic Record_ for October, 1886, clearly shows the reason for the bisection of the Three Pence. As the article points out, no half specimen of this value is known used by itself, but the variety is always found obliterated in connection with other Three Pennies or a Six Penny stamp. The paper then goes on to say the half stamp was used to make up the letter rate to England, which was 6d. sterling the ½ ounce, equal to 7½d. currency, or for letters forwarded _viâ_ the United States and British Packet, 8d. sterling, equal to 10d. currency. I have found out that the former rate was in existence on May 1st, 1856, and it had probably been in use some time previous to that date. The latter rate came into operation on January 1st, 1857. Besides the letter rates to England, we learn from the following notice, published in _The Royal Gazette_ for September 16th, 1857, that two of the new rates on Pamphlets, mentioned therein, could only be made up by using half the Three Penny stamp with some of the other values.

“NOTICE TO THE PUBLIC.

“On and after the first day of October next the following will
be the rates on Pamphlets sent from New Brunswick to Great
Britain, _viâ_ Halifax; viz.:

For a Packet, not exceeding 4 ounces in weight, 3d. Sterling,
4d. Currency.

For a Packet exceeding 4 ounces and not exceeding half a pound,
6d. Sterling, 7½d. Currency.

For a Packet exceeding half a pound and not exceeding one
pound, 1s. Sterling, 1s. 3d. Currency.

For a Packet exceeding one pound and not exceeding one pound
and a half, 1s. 6d. Sterling, 1s. 10½d. Currency.

For a Packet exceeding one pound and a half and not exceeding
two pounds, 2s. Sterling, 2s. 6d. Currency.

And so on, increasing seven pence halfpenny Currency for every
additional half pound or fraction of half pound. From the same
date printed or Lithographed Letters may be sent like other
printed matter under the Regulations of the Colonial Book Post.

“(Signed) J. M. JOHNSON, Jr., _Postmaster-General_.

“GENERAL POST OFFICE, F’TON, _11th Sept., 1857_.”

There is no stipulation that the above rates must necessarily be prepaid, and I have no doubt from the following notice, which was published in the _British Postal Guide_ for October 1st, 1859, that correspondence between the United Kingdom and all the North American Colonies was frequently forwarded either wholly or only partly prepaid from both sides.

“NOVA SCOTIA, NEW BRUNSWICK, AND NEWFOUNDLAND.

“Letters for Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Newfoundland, if
posted unpaid, or insufficiently prepaid, are now charged on
delivery with a fine of 6d. each in addition to the postage.”

A similar notice had previously appeared in the _Postal Guide_ with reference to Canada, and one was published later on in connection with letters for Prince Edward Island.

This addition of a fine of 6d. upon unpaid or insufficiently prepaid letters would naturally cause senders to be anxious to see their correspondence properly stamped, and consequently a good many more cut stamps would be required after the appearance of this notice, which no doubt was published in New Brunswick the same as in this country. We should therefore expect to find a greater number of half Three Pennys postmarked after October 1st, 1859, than previously to that date. As regards the bisection of the Six Pence and One Shilling values, there was not the same _raison d’être_; but the varieties are probably due to one or perhaps both of these causes: (_a_) The public seeing the Three Pence was allowed to be used in this way, may have concluded the two other stamps might be similarly employed, and not having the value by them they required at the moment, manufactured it out of either the Six Pence or One Shilling. (_b_) Or it may be that certain Post-offices fell short of Three Penny and Six Penny stamps, and issued the halves of the two higher values provisionally until a fresh supply of the required value was obtained. Whatever was the true cause of these varieties, whether they emanated from the public or were issued in this state by the Post-office, they were certainly allowed by the postal officials to frank correspondence. I can add no further information about the half Three Penny stamp surcharged 1½d., beyond that found in the article in _The Philatelic Record_, I have already mentioned, and the remarks in a supplementary paper in the number of that journal for January, 1887. I entirely agree with the conclusions the writer comes to; viz., that the authenticity of the surcharge is open to grave doubt, and that in all probability the variety is altogether “bogus.” At the same time the author is perhaps in error when he says the charge for delivering letters in the towns of Fredericton and St. John in 1857 was 1d. each, and not 1½d. It is true the Postmaster-General’s report for that year speaks of 1d. as the sum charged, but we must bear in mind that this is probably 1d. sterling (all the other rates being quoted in this way), which would therefore equal 1¼d. currency, and 1d. would most likely be given in the list as the nearest equivalent for 1½d. currency. Again, the remark “that when the cents issue took place in 1860 no stamp was issued anywhere approaching to the value of 1½d.” is equally applicable to the value 1d., as the Two Cents stamp was, according to the catalogues, not issued until quite the end of the year 1863.

The annexed notice is found in _The Royal Gazette_ for August 3rd, 1859:

“POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT, FREDERICTON, _6th July, 1859_.

“Part 9, Section 2, of Post Office Regulations is repealed, and
the following adopted; viz.:

“Printed Books, Periodical Publications or Pamphlets, under
sixteen ounces in weight, can be forwarded by Post in New
Brunswick at the rate of one half penny per ounce.

“Printed Music will be allowed to pass through Post in New
Brunswick under the same Regulations as Pamphlets.

“Printed Circulars, Catalogues, Hand Bills, and Prices Current
posted in New Brunswick will be liable to a rate of one half
penny each, subject to the following Regulations; viz.:

“The Postage must be prepaid.

“Each must be in a Cover unsealed, or if sealed, open at the
end or side; the word ‘Circular,’ ‘Catalogue,’ ‘Hand Bill,’ or
‘Price Current,’ as the case may be, must be written or printed
on the face of the Cover; and each Package must weigh under
half an ounce.

“Any of the above mentioned, however, coming into New Brunswick
by Post from the United States, Canada, Nova Scotia, or Prince
Edward Island, will be subject to one half penny Postage, to be
collected on delivery, and must be taxed accordingly.

“(Signed) CHARLES CONNELL, P.M.G.”

The postage on the above must, I think, have been prepaid in money until the issue of the One Cent stamp in May, 1860; for it is difficult to see how a halfpenny value could have been improvised out of the three stamps then current.

From the following notice, taken from _The Royal Gazette_ for January 19th, 1859, it will be seen New Brunswick was one of the first, perhaps the earliest colony, to start a Parcels Post.

“PARCELS BY POST IN NEW BRUNSWICK.

“From the 1st February next a PARCEL, not weighing over
Two Pounds, will be conveyed by mail between any of the
Post-offices in New Brunswick. They must be prepaid at the
following rates by Postage Stamps only:

For any weight not exceeding 1 lb. 1s. 3d.
For any weight over 1 lb., and not exceeding 2 lbs. 2s. 6d.

“(Signed) CHARLES CONNELL, _Postmaster-General_.

“GENERAL POST OFFICE, FREDERICTON, _January 12th, 1859_.”

I have now exhausted all the new information I have collected concerning the Postage Stamps of New Brunswick, and I have no further particulars to give you about the stamps issued in 1860, beyond what we find mentioned further on in the Society’s list; neither can I add anything to the history of the Five Cents “Connell” stamp so carefully related in the paper reproduced from _The Halifax Philatelist_. The stamps of this Colony became obsolete on the 27th of May, 1867, upon the formation of the Dominion of Canada.

REFERENCE LIST OF THE PHILATELIC SOCIETY, LONDON.

Issue I. September 6th, 1851.

_Three values._ Engraved and printed in _taille-douce_ by Messrs. Perkins, Bacon, and Co., of London, on stoutish blue wove paper, varying in colour from deep to pale blue; yellowish gum, imperforate. Design: In the centre, in an octagonal-shaped _cartouche_, with engine-turned border, is the Royal Crown. Above, below, and on either side, is an eight-rayed star, containing the heraldic flowers of the United Kingdom. The upper and lower have the rose, that on the left the shamrock, and that on the right the thistle, the rose in the lower star being inverted. A curved white line surrounds the stars, the angles formed by which are filled in with floral ornaments; engine-turned background. Reticulated side labels, inscribed with name of Colony in plain Roman capitals; “POSTAGE” in plain block letters, and the value in various type. That on the Three Pence is in plain Roman capitals, and in block letters on the other two values. In the Six Pence both the word “POSTAGE” and the value show a line of colour down the centre of each letter. Plain lozenge in each corner of the stamp, with coloured Arabic numeral of value. Shape, lozenge. (_Illustrations 49, 50, 51._)

Upper left border, “NEW;” upper right, “BRUNSWICK;” lower left border, “THREE PENCE,” “SIX PENCE,” “ONE SHILLING;” lower right, “POSTAGE.”

3d., vermilion (shades).
6d., yellow, orange yellow ( ” ).
1s., lilac-mauve, violet ( ” ).

_Varieties._—The Three Pence exists upon white paper, but the variety is only due to the discharge of the blue colouring matter from the paper, as the stamp was never printed upon white. Each of the values is met with cut in two, and used as half the value of the stamp so mutilated. The Six Pence is also known divided into four triangular pieces, each quarter being used, in conjunction with a whole Six Pence, to make up the postal rate of 7½d. These bisected stamps were used to prepay the postage rate to the United Kingdom, which in 1857 was reduced to 7½d.; and as there was no stamp of this value in use, recourse had to be made to these varieties. The Three Pence has been seen divided obliquely, and surcharged in red “1½.” The same surcharge is also said to exist in black. Neither of these two stamps has come under the notice of the Society; but from certain remarks contained in two articles, which may be found in _The Philatelic Record_, vol. viii. pp. 165 and 219, there can be little doubt that the surcharge is “bogus.”

Issue II. May 15th, 1860.

_Five values._ Engraved and printed in _taille-douce_ by the American Bank Note Company, of New York, on white wove paper; brownish gum; machine perforated 12. The entire sheet of each value contains 100 stamps, arranged in ten rows of ten. There is no engraver’s name found on the margins of the sheets of the four lowest values, but the Seventeen Cents has “American Bank Note Co., New York,” on the edges of the sheet. This value and the Five Cents were not issued until after the other three stamps. Designs: ONE CENT.—Railway train, within transverse coloured oval band inscribed in white Roman capitals. Small slanting ovals in the upper, and larger upright ovals in the lower corners, with white Arabic numeral of value. Curved octagonal label below, with “CENT” in white Roman capitals. The remainder of the stamp is filled in with fine hatched lines, with border of two plain coloured lines. FIVE CENTS.—Diademed, nearly full-face portrait, of Queen Victoria looking to left, on ground of horizontal lines, within an upright coloured oval, lettered in white Roman capitals. Small slanting ovals in the upper, and larger upright ones in the lower corners, with white Arabic numerals of value. Oblong octagonal label below, with “CENTS” in white Roman capitals. The spandrels are filled in with hatched lines, and two outer lines of colour complete the design. TEN CENTS.—Similar to last, but small slanting ovals in the spandrels, with Roman numeral in white. The bottom corners of the stamp contain small octagonal coloured labels, with white Arabic numerals of value. TWELVE AND A HALF CENTS.—Steamer sailing to right in transverse oval, lettered with white Roman capitals. Small octagonal labels in the upper, and larger circular ones in the lower corners, containing Arabic numerals of value in white. Beneath the oval is a curved octagonal label with “CENTS” in white Roman capitals. The spandrels are filled in with hatching, and two outer lines of colour complete the design. SEVENTEEN CENTS.—Nearly full face portrait of the Prince of Wales in Highland costume looking to right, within a coloured upright oval lettered with white Roman capitals. Small transverse ovals in each corner, with Arabic numerals of value in white. Straight oblong octagonal label below the oval, with “CENTS” in white Roman capitals. Spandrels filled in with hatching, and border of two outer coloured lines. Shapes, small oblong rectangular for the One and Twelve and a Half Cents; small upright rectangular for the other three values. (_Illustrations 52, 53, 54, 55, 56._)

T. “NEW BRUNSWICK POSTAGE.” B. “ONE CENT,” “FIVE,” “TEN,”
“TWELVE AND A HALF,” “SEVENTEEN CENTS.”

1 c., lilac-brown, reddish-mauve (shades).
5 c., bronze-green, green ( ” ).
10 c., scarlet-vermilion ( ” ).
12½ c., Prussian blue ( ” ).
17 c., black ( ” ).

_Remarks._—The reason the Five Cents was not issued at the same time as the One, Ten, and Twelve and a Half Cents stamps was, that Mr. Charles Connell, who was Postmaster-General of the Colony at that time, had ordered his own portrait to be engraved upon this value. It will be seen from the interesting correspondence Mr. King gives in _The Halifax Philatelist_ for June, July, and August, 1888, which is reproduced here, that the Council disapproved of the design, and refused to allow the stamps to be distributed. Mr. Connell was ordered at the same time to obtain a fresh supply of Five Cents stamps with the head of Her Majesty. The Connell Five Cents can therefore only be looked upon as a stamp prepared for use, notwithstanding postmarked copies are known, as it is quite clear from Mr. King’s article the stamp was never issued to the public. In design, it is almost similar to the Ten Cents, but the head of Her Majesty is replaced by a full face portrait of Charles Connell, and the numerals in the spandrels are Arabic, instead of Roman in type. The stamp was produced by the American Bank Note Company, of New York, printed in Vandyke-brown upon white wove paper, and perforated 12. Imperforate copies exist, but these can be looked upon only as proofs. (_Illustration 57._)

“A PHILATELIC CHAPTER IN THE HISTORY OF NEW BRUNSWICK.

“THE CONNELL STAMP.

“This stamp has probably been discussed more than any other
stamp, or series of stamps, that have ever been issued, and
still a decision has never been arrived at as to whether they
are essays or whether any have ever done postal duty. The
general opinion seems to be that they were in use, but only for
a day. The way the stamp originated was this: Mr. Connell, then
Postmaster-General of New Brunswick, was authorised by a Minute
of Council in December, 1859, to procure a new set of postage
stamps, which the change in currency rendered necessary.
Believing that this Minute gave him full power and discretion
as to designs, etc., he ordered the plates for the values
wanted—One, Five, Ten, and Twelve and a Half Cents; and for the
Five Cents had his own portrait. The stamps came to hand in due
time, and Mr. Connell, not probably making any secret of the
design for the Five Cents, spoke to some of his friends about
them, and of his intention of going down to posterity thereon.
This came to the knowledge of the Council, who, knowing that
they had not been approved by them, decided to see the issue
before it was sent out to postmasters for public use. As a
matter of course they disapproved of Mr. Connell’s design for
the Five Cents, and he was instructed by the Council to destroy
them, and order a new lot with the effigy of the Queen. This
Mr. Connell would not do, and therefore resigned. The Five
Cents, brown, were destroyed, and only the other three values
issued.

“After Mr. Connell’s resignation, he wrote a letter to the
Hon. J. H. T. Manners-Sutton, the Lieutenant-Governor of the
Province, giving his reasons for resigning his office. He,
however, says that he did not resign on account of the stamp
affair, but because he could not agree with the Government
expenditure of public moneys, and because he said that his
colleagues did not have confidence enough in him to back
him up on a small matter; that is, the issuing of the Five
Cents, brown. Through the kindness of a friend I have been
enabled to see the complete official correspondence, etc.,
between Connell, the Governor, and Council in reference to
this business, and am giving them here. Several of the letters
contain a large amount of matter irrelevant to the subject in
question, and dealing only with the political reasons of Mr.
Connell’s resignation, and these parts not being interesting to
the philatelic reader are left out.

“The correspondence starts with the letter of the Council
to the Lieutenant-Governor after they had had the designs
submitted to them.

“(COPY NO. 1.)

“Memorandum of the Executive Council in Committee.

“‘_To His Excellency the Hon. J. H. T. Manners-Sutton,
Lieut.-Gov., etc., etc._

“‘We advise your Excellency to approve of, and order to be
distributed, the One Cent, Ten Cent, and Twelve and a Half
Cent postage stamps procured by the Postmaster-General,
and we further advise Your Excellency to order a Five Cent
postage stamp to be struck, bearing the likeness of the
Queen, instead of the Five Cent stamp already procured by the
Postmaster-General.

“‘(Signed) S. L. TILLEY.
P. MITCHELL.
A. T. SMITH.
CHARLES WATTERS.
W. H. STEEVES.
DAVID WARK.

“‘Approved May 12, 1860.

“‘(Sgd.) J. H. T. MANNERS-SUTTON.’

“‘(COPY NO. 2.)

“Letter from Mr. C. Connell to the Lieut.-Governor.

“‘SIR,—Various circumstances having occurred with reference to
the administration of the Government of this Province during
the short time that I have had the honor of being one of Your
Excellency’s advisers, induce me to address Your Excellency....

“‘Having felt this and other matters for some time past, and
at the same time feeling reluctant to take a step that I saw
pressing on me, I delayed action; but the recent act of my
colleagues in the Government has brought matters to a crisis,
the want of that support on their part on a subject in which I
believed I was authorized in the action I had taken, as will
appear by the following minutes of Council (December, 1858) and
correspondence:

“’”Postmaster-General to obtain new postage stamps in One,
Five, Ten, and Twelve and a Half Cents.“’

“‘No. 1. TELEGRAPHIC DESPATCH.

“‘_The Hon. Charles Connell, Woodstock_,—

“‘Just received notice from the Governor that new decimal stamp
cannot be issued until approved by Governor in Council. Have
seen Hale. Telegraph him. He can put all right.

(Signed), S. L. TILLEY.

“‘FREDERICTON, _27th April, 1860_.’

“‘No. 2. TELEGRAPHIC DESPATCH.

“‘_The Hon. S. L. Tilley_,—

“‘If that is required you can procure the order, as any delay
now will make trouble all over the country, as instructions
have gone out and all stamps called in.

“‘(Signed), CHARLES CONNELL.

“‘WOODSTOCK, _28th April, 1860_.’

“‘No. 3. TELEGRAPHIC DESPATCH.

“‘_Hon. Charles Connell, Woodstock_,—

“‘Cannot get order before Wednesday. Only Attorney-General
here. Hale can arrange so as not to cause confusion of
instructions.

“‘(Signed), S. L. TILLEY.’

“‘No. 4. TELEGRAPHIC DESPATCH.

“‘_James Hale, Esq., Fredericton_,—

“‘See Mr. Tilley. Let issue of stamps be stayed till Wednesday
next.

“‘(Signed), CHARLES CONNELL.

“‘WOODSTOCK, _28th April, 1860_.’

“‘No. 5. TELEGRAPHIC DESPATCH.

“‘_The Hon. S. L. Tilley, Fredericton_,—

“‘Have telegraphed Hale to see you. Defer to issue until
Wednesday. I may not be able to leave for St. John before this
day week. Telegraph me as soon as order is made. Thought order
was made at time I was authorized to procure new stamps.

(Signed), CHARLES CONNELL.

“‘WOODSTOCK, _28th April, 1860_.’

“‘No. 6. TELEGRAPHIC DESPATCH.

“‘_The Hon. Charles Connell_,—

“‘All right. Desirable that all should be at St. John by
Thursday next, if possible.

(Signed), S. L. TILLEY.

“‘FREDERICTON, _28th April, 1860_.’

“‘No. 7. TELEGRAPHIC DESPATCH.

“‘_The Hon. Charles Connell, Woodstock_,—

“‘Shall postage stamps be detained, and Deputies ordered to
retain old ones until further orders?

(Signed), JAMES HALE.

“‘FREDERICTON, _28th April, 1860_.’

“‘No. 8. TELEGRAPHIC DESPATCH.

“‘_The Hon. Charles Connell, Woodstock_—

“‘Contractors here promised full Council to consider claims.
Your presence necessary Thursday evening at furthest.

(Signed), S. L. TILLEY.

“‘ST. JOHN, _May 2nd, 1860_.’

“The Council met as was agreed upon, and disapproved of Mr.
Connell’s Five Cents, brown; and the following is their
recommendation to the Lieut.-Governor:

“‘(COPY.)

“‘_To His Excellency the Hon. J. A. T. Manners-Sutton,
Lieut.-Governor_—

“‘We advise your Excellency to approve of and order to be
distributed the One Cent, Ten Cent, and Twelve and a Half
Cent postage stamps, procured by the Postmaster-General;
and we further advise your Excellency to order a Five Cent
postage stamp to be struck, bearing the likeness of the
Queen, instead of the Five Cent stamp already procured by the
Postmaster-General.

“‘(Signed), S. L. TILLEY.
A. J. SMITH.
W. H. STEEVES.
P. MITCHELL.
CHARLES WATTERS.
DAVID WARK.

“‘_May 8th, 1860._’

“‘(COPY.)

“‘Letter to Hon. Charles Connell from the Provincial Secretary.

“‘SIR,—I am directed by His Excellency the Lieut.-Governor
to request you to distribute the One, Ten, and Twelve and a
Half Cent postage stamps procured by you, and to direct you to
take the necessary steps to have struck off a Five Cent stamp,
bearing the likeness of the Queen, for future distribution.

“‘I have, &c., &c.,

“‘(Signed), S. L. TILLEY.

“‘_The Hon. C. Connell, &c._’

“‘(COPY).

“‘POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT, _15th May, 1860_.

“‘SIR,—I am in receipt of your favour informing me that you
have been desired by his Excellency the Lieut.-Governor to
request that I would distribute the One, Ten, and Twelve and
a Half Cent postage stamps procured by me, and to take steps
to procure a Five Cent stamp for future distribution. You
will inform his Excellency that I was authorised, by Minutes
of Council in December last, to procure a One, Five, Ten,
and Twelve and a Half Cent postage stamp, and that all these
denominations are now in the office of this Department ready
for distribution.

I have, &c., &c.,

“‘(Signed), CHARLES CONNELL.

“‘_The Hon. S. L. Tilley._’

“‘(COPY).

“‘SECRETARY’S OFFICE, _17th May, 1860_.

“‘SIR,—I have laid before his Excellency the Lieut.-Governor
your letter of the 15th inst., relative to the distribution of
postage stamps, and I am directed to inform you that he has
referred it for the consideration of his Council.

“‘I have, &c., &c.,

“‘(Signed), S. L. TILLEY.

“‘_The Hon. C. Connell, &c., &c._’

“‘I have felt it my duty to lay before your Excellency this
correspondence, together with the Minute of Council, and have
no desire to make any comment thereon, as I think it will speak
for itself.

“‘I may remark, however, that I cannot discover by that
correspondence—No. 1 to 8—that it was the intention to withdraw
from me that support in the action I had taken in procuring the
postage stamps as authorized by the Minute in Council referred
to.

“‘My administration of the Post Office Department is before the
public, and it is for them to say whether it is satisfactory or
not.

“‘I think I may state with certainty that the revenues of
the Department will be reduced by the recent action of the
Government, as I made arrangements for the delivery and
sale of postage stamps at every Post-office and Way-office
throughout the Province on the 1st May. I do not intend that
the legitimate authority belonging to the Chief of that
Department shall be limited or circumscribed while I have the
honour of being at its head.

“‘After a very careful and deliberate review of the whole
matter, under all the circumstances, I believe that my
continuance in office would not be beneficial to the Department.

“‘Holding the opinions that I have submitted to your
Excellency, I feel that I cannot, consistently with the duty
I owe to my constituents and the public, continue longer
to hold an office and position as one of your Excellency’s
advisers in opposition to my views on public duty. I therefore
respectfully beg to submit to your Excellency my resignation
of the office of Postmaster-General, and as one of your
Excellency’s advisers; and further request your Excellency’s
permission to publish and give my reasons for so doing, and the
correspondence connected therewith.

I have, &c., &c.,

“‘CHARLES CONNELL.

“‘_His Excellency the Hon. J. H. T. Manners-Sutton, &c., &c._’

“(COPY NO. 3.)

“Memorandum of the Lieut.-Governor to Mr. Connell.

“‘GOVERNMENT HOUSE, FREDERICTON, _May 19th, 1860_.

“‘His Excellency the Lieut.-Governor accepts Mr. Connell’s
resignation of the office of Postmaster-General and Executive
Councillor, and he accedes to Mr. Connell’s request to be so
far relieved from the obligations of his oath of office as will
enable him to explain the grounds on which he has tendered his
resignation to his Excellency.

“‘His Excellency will of course deem it right to communicate
to his Council the contents of Mr. Connell’s letter to his
Excellency of this day’s date.

“‘(Signed), J. H. T. MANNERS-SUTTON.

“‘_Mr. Charles Connell, M.P.P., &c._’

“(COPY NO. 4.)

“Memorandum for the Executive Council.

“‘His Excellency the Lieut.-Governor thinks it right without
delay to lay before his Council the accompanying copy of a
letter addressed to his Excellency by Mr. Connell.

“‘His Excellency has accepted Mr. Connell’s resignation of the
office of Postmaster-General and Executive Councillor, tendered
to him this morning by Mr. Connell.

“‘(Signed), J. H. T. MANNERS-SUTTON.

“‘_May 19th, 1860._’

“(COPY NO. 5.)

“Memorandum of the Executive Council in Committee.

“‘_To His Excellency the Hon. J. H. T. Manners-Sutton,
Lieut.-Governor, &c._

“‘May it please your Excellency,—

“‘We have had under consideration the memorandum of your
Excellency of the 19th instant, accompanied with the letter
from the Postmaster-General, resigning his office and his seat
in the Council, with the reasons he has assigned therefor.

“‘Knowing from the discussions with Mr. Connell that he was
prepared to retain his office and seat in the Council, if an
order was made to issue the stamps procured by him, including
the stamp bearing the likeness of the head of the department,
we are therefore justified in concluding that the Minute of
Council of the 8th instant, in which your Excellency was
advised to approve of, and order to be distributed the One,
Ten, and Twelve and a Half Cent Postage Stamps procured by the
Postmaster-General, and to order a new Five Cent Postage Stamp
to be struck, bearing the likeness of the Queen, instead of the
Five Cent stamp already procured by the Postmaster-General,
is, notwithstanding the other reasons assigned by him, the real
ground of his resignation.

“‘Without entering into the discussion of the powers of the
different heads of departments, we observe that we have no
desire to limit or circumscribe the legitimate authority of
the Postmaster-General, or of the head of any other public
department, and in advising your Excellency upon this question,
we have not desired nor attempted to do so, as by the Act
relating to the Post Office the approval of the Governor in
Council is required to the issue of Postage Stamps.

“‘Your Excellency is aware that no such order was made by your
Excellency in Council, authorizing the obtaining or issuing of
the stamps. We admit the Postmaster-General had the consent of
his colleagues to obtain decimal stamps, but they were procured
and being distributed before they were submitted to your
Excellency in Council for approval, or before the impress they
bore was known to the Council, and when submitted it was the
opinion of the Council that the Five Cent stamp should bear the
likeness of Her Majesty....

“‘We cannot discern how the Revenue of the Post Office
Department will be affected by the action of the Government;
that must depend upon the extent of individual correspondence,
and we do not believe that there will be a single letter less
written in consequence of such action.

“‘As Mr. Connell has obtained your Excellency’s permission to
publish his letter to your Excellency, we respectfully request
your Excellency will authorize the publication of this reply.

“‘(Signed), CHARLES FISHER,
JAMES BROWN,
S. L. TILLEY,
W. H. STEEVES,
A. T. SMITH,
D. WARK,
CHAS. WATTERS,
P. MITCHELL.’

“(COPY NO. 6.)

“Memorandum for the Executive Council.

“‘His Excellency the Lieut.-Governor has received the
memorandum of the Executive Council in Committee, in which they
submit to his Excellency their observations on Mr. Connell’s
letter to his Excellency of the 19th instant.

“‘The Lieut.-Governor accedes to the request of his Council to
be permitted to publish this document.

“‘(Signed) J. H. T. MANNERS-SUTTON.

“‘_May 22nd, 1860._’

“(COPY NO. 7.)

“Memorandum for the Executive Council.

“‘His Excellency the Lieut.-Governor lays before the Executive
Council a copy of a communication dated May 30th, 1860, which
his Excellency has received from Mr. Charles Connell respecting
his recent resignation of his seat at the Council Board, and
the office of Postmaster-General.

“‘(Signed) J. H. T. MANNERS-SUTTON.

“‘_June 2nd, 1860._’

“(COPY NO. 8.)

“Letter from Mr. C. Connell to the Lieut.-Governor.

“‘_To His Excellency the Hon. J. H. T. Manners-Sutton,
Lieut.-Governor, &c., &c._

“‘SIR,—In the _Royal Gazette_ of the 23rd instant appears a
memoranda without date, signed by your Excellency’s advisers,
and addressed to your Excellency, in which is reviewed a
correspondence, which I had the honour to submit to your
Excellency on the 19th instant. The subject-matter of that
correspondence must be discussed at the proper time in another
place; but as there are several points urged in the memoranda
of your advisers calculated to create a false impression with
reference to my reasons for resigning my place at the Council
Board, I am induced to trouble your Excellency with this
rejoinder.

“‘1.—In the memoranda under notice it is intimated that the
real reason of my resignation was the refusal of my colleagues
in the Government to advise your Excellency to issue the Five
Cent Postage Stamp. This statement I must unhesitatingly
declare to be incorrect, and if evidence is wanting to prove
the contrary, I can refer to the Attorney-General, Provincial
Secretary, and the Hon. Mr. Wark, who were present at a meeting
of Council on Tuesday, the 10th April, on which occasion, on
account of circumstances which then and there took place, I
stated that “I could not sit with men who acted as they did.”

“‘I am well aware that the law reads: “The Governor in Council
may cause stamps with their value thereon to be sold and issued
as postage.” The Minute of Council made in December last, if
not perfected by the Attorney-General, whose duty it was to
do so, cannot be regarded as my fault. I have fulfilled my
duty, and did what I supposed I was fully authorized to do.
At all events I have violated no law, and in the memorandum
under consideration it is admitted that I had the consent of my
colleagues to obtain the decimal stamps....

“‘7.—As to the revenues of the Postal Department, at the end of
the year when the returns are made up, the public will be able
to arrive at a correct judgment.

“‘I have, &c. &c.,

“‘(Signed) CHARLES CONNELL.

“‘WOODSTOCK, _30th May, 1860_.’

“(COPY NO. 9.)

“Memorandum of the Executive Council in Committee.

“‘_To His Excellency the Hon. J. H. T. Manners-Sutton,
Lieut.-Governor, &c._

“‘May it please your Excellency,—

“‘The Committee of Council have had under consideration your
Excellency’s memorandum of the 2nd instant, accompanied with
a second letter from the late Postmaster-General, intended as
a reply to our communication to your Excellency of the 23rd
ultimo.

“‘We are convinced that in the preparation of both the papers
submitted to your Excellency by Mr. Connell, he has been
influenced more by a desire to avoid the discussion of the real
ground of his resignation than to represent accurately the
policy and acts of his late colleagues in the Government....

“‘In our former memorandum we stated to your Excellency that
Mr. Connell had the consent of his colleagues to procure
Decimal Postal Stamps, and we again assert that the Council
were kept in total ignorance of the design upon the Five Cent
stamps until after they were struck off and put in circulation....

“‘Mr. Connell having published his second letter to your
Excellency, we respectfully request your Excellency will
authorize the publication of this our reply.

“‘(Signed) CHARLES FISHER,
A. T. SMITH,
JAMES BROWN,
DAVID WARK,
S. L. TILLEY,
CHARLES WATTERS,
W. H. STEEVES,
PETER MITCHELL.

“‘COUNCIL CHAMBER, _5th June, 1860_.’

“(COPY NO. 10.)

“Memorandum for the Executive Council.

“‘His Excellency the Lieut.-Governor has received the
memorandum, dated the 5th instant, of the Executive Council in
Committee, and in accordance with their request he sanctions
the publication of this document.

“‘(Signed) J. H. T. MANNERS-SUTTON.

“‘_June 6th, 1860._’

“(COPY NO. 11.)

“Memorandum for the Executive Council.

“‘His Excellency the Lt.-Governor lays before the Executive
Council a copy of a further communication, dated June 15th,
1860, which His Excellency has received from Mr. C. Connell,
respecting his recent resignation of his seat at the Council
Board, and of the office of Postmaster-General.

“‘(Sgd.) J. H. T. MANNERS-SUTTON.

“‘_June 15th, 1860._’”

“(COPY NO. 12.)

“Letter from Mr. C. Connell to the Lt.-Governor.

“‘_To His Excellency The Hon. J. H. T. Manners-Sutton,
Lt.-Gov., &c., &c._

“‘SIR,—The Royal Gazette of the 6th inst. contains a memorandum
intended as a reply to my letter of the 30th ult. to your
Excellency, in which your advisers exhibit a great anxiety to
impress on the mind of your Excellency that the only cause of
my resignation of the office of Postmaster-General was the
refusal of the Council to advise your Excellency to order the
issue of the Five Cent stamps. I have in my previous letters
to your Excellency stated some of the many reasons forming the
basis of my conclusion to resign, and to repeat that I was
not influenced in my course altogether by the stamp question
I consider unnecessary, that matter merely having had the
effect of bringing my previous intention to its fulfilment,
for sooner or later my resignation must have been tendered. I
will however say, that the usage I did receive at the hands
of my colleagues, in reference to the stamps, would have been
sufficient to cause such action as I took upon the premises.

“‘The correspondence between myself and the Provincial
Secretary, with reference to the issue of the Postage Stamps,
laid before your Excellency, either has not had a careful
perusal, or else they are in ignorance of the meaning conveyed
by such correspondence.

“‘I was first authorized to procure the stamps, and stated
on the floor of the House in March last that ‘I had ordered,
and would receive in time for distribution on the 1st of May,
stamps of the denomination of One, Five, Ten, and Twelve and a
Half Cent, in view of the introduction of the decimal system
of currency.’ They arrived, and preparations for their issue
at the appointed time were made by the Department, supposing
that any further orders were unnecessary, until I received
the telegram from the Provincial Secretary, and subsequent
interference on the parts of your advisers, in what was a mere
matter of detail, became apparent. An order to issue all but
Five Cent stamps was made, thus setting aside my power and
right to conduct even a minor arrangement of the Department.
After having procured, by the knowledge and consent of the
Government, stamps of various denominations, my position as
head of a department was ignored. Even if this was the only
circumstance influencing me, my course was the only honourable
one to pursue.

“‘I have the honour to be,

“‘Your Excellency’s most obedient servant,

“‘CHARLES CONNELL.’

“This finishes this most remarkable correspondence and chapter
in the postal history of New Brunswick.

“A careful reading and consideration of the letters here given
will show the impossibility of there ever having been any
of the Connell stamps used to pay the postage of a letter,
although an inference to the contrary may be drawn from Nos.
5 and 9, being the letters of the Executive Council, but this
is due I think to loose writing, or probably meaning that
they were in the hands of the Post Office Department for
distribution. Against this we see the telegrams to Connell
forbidding the issue, three days before they were to start
sending them to postmasters, and his telegram to Hale,
the Secretary of the Post Office Department of N. B., at
Fredericton, forbidding him to send out any of the stamps. In
my opinion the Connell is undoubtedly not a postage stamp,
but a rare essay only. As a fitting end to this I may add the
official account of the money paid for the making of the Cent
issue of New Brunswick.

-------+--------------------------------------+------------+-----------
NAME. | PARTICULARS. | AMOUNT. | AMOUNT.
-------+--------------------------------------+------------+-----------
| | £ s. d. | £ s. d.
|Engraving plate for “One Cent” | |
| Postage Stamps | 25 0 0 |
| | |
|Printing 2000 sheets ” | |
| | 12 15 0 | 37 15 0
| | |
|Engraving plate for “Five Cent” | |
| (Connell) do. | 25 0 0 |
| | |
|Printing 5000 sheets | |
| ” ” | 31 15 0 | 56 15 0
| | |
|Engraving plate for “Ten Cent” ” | 25 0 0 |
| | |
|Printing 2000 sheets ” ” | 12 10 0 | 37 10 0
| | |
|Engraving plate for “Twelve & | |
| Half Cent” ” | 25 0 0 |
| | |
|Printing 4000 sheets ” | |
| ” | 25 0 0 | 50 0 0
| | |
|Engraving plate for “Seventeen | |
| Cent” ” | 25 0 0 |
| | |
|Printing 1000 sheets ” ” | 6 5 0 | 31 5 0
| | |
|Engraving plate for “Five Cent” ” | 25 0 0 |
| | |
|Printing 5000 sheets ” ” | 31 5 0 | 56 5 0
| +------------+----------
| £268 15 0

“This was for the first lot sent. There were, however, several
other supplies got before the confederation of the British
North American Provinces.

“DONALD A. KING.”

Issue III. May (?), 1863.

_One value._—Engraved and printed by the American Bank Note Co. of New York, upon white wove paper; brownish gum, machine-perforated 12. The entire sheet consists of one hundred stamps, arranged in ten rows of ten; and the name of the engravers appears in the margins of the sheet. Design: The same portrait of the Queen as in the Five Cents of the last issue, in a somewhat larger oval. Upright coloured ovals in each corner, containing Arabic numeral of value in white. The remainder of the stamp is filled in with arabesques. Shape, small upright rectangular. (_Illustration 58._)

T. “NEW BRUNSWICK POSTAGE.” B. “TWO CENTS.”

2 c., orange (shades).

NEWFOUNDLAND.

PRELIMINARY NOTES.

_BY E. D. BACON._

Newfoundland is an island situated between 46° 37′ and 51° 39′ N. lat., and 52° 35′ and 59° 25′ W. long., on the north-east side of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The greatest length from north to south is 350 miles, and average breadth about 130; its estimated area is 40,200 square miles. The coast of Labrador, on the Continent, is now included in the Colony. It comprises about 120,000 square miles, but has only 4211 inhabitants. The island was discovered by John Cabot in 1497. It was as early as 1500 frequented by the Portuguese, Spanish, and French, for its fisheries. Sir Walter Raleigh and others, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, attempted to colonize this island, but were not successful. In 1623, Sir G. Calvert, afterwards Lord Baltimore, established himself in the south-east part of the island, and appointed his son Governor. In 1634, a party of colonists were sent over from Ireland, and twenty years after some English colonists arrived, having emigrated by means of a Parliamentary grant. At the peace of Utrecht, in 1713, subsequently ratified by the Treaty of Paris, the exclusive sovereignty of Newfoundland was ceded to Great Britain, subject to certain rights reserved to France, which are still in question between the two nations. As already mentioned, Newfoundland is now (1889) the only North American Colony not included within the Dominion of Canada.

Newfoundland has never possessed an Official Gazette, but Government notices appear in the newspaper _The Royal Gazette and Newfoundland Advertiser_, published at St. John’s. The earliest file of this newspaper, with the exception of one or two odd numbers, I have found in this country commences with the year 1875, so I have been unable to gain any particulars about the stamps of this Colony from that source. The Report of the Postmaster-General of Great Britain for 1857 I have before quoted from tells us:

“Inland Posts were established in 1852. In 1853 a reduced
and uniform rate of postage for Letters was established, and
another for Books.

On Letters not exceeding ½ oz. 3d.
Exceeding ½ oz. and not exceeding 1 oz. 6d.
Above 1 oz. ” ” 1½ oz. 9d.

And so on in proportion.

“Newspapers are conveyed free.

“On Books the postage is about 2d. per oz. up to 6 ozs.,
exceeding that weight, 3d. per oz. up to 16 ozs., beyond which
weight they cannot be transmitted through the post.”

Postage stamps are not mentioned, so they had evidently not been introduced into the Colony at the time the above particulars were sent over; but 1857 is the year usually given as that in which the first issue took place. The present rates of postage are as follows:

Letters
Per ½ oz. Newspapers.
In St. John’s 1 cent Free.
Within Colony 3 cents Free.
Europe, United States, and St. Pierre,
Miquelon 5 cents 1 cent.
South America and West Indies 8 cents 2 cents.

Mr. John Delaney was Postmaster-General of the Colony in 1879, and Mr. J. O. Fraser holds that office at the present time.

I regret, as in the case of Canada, I am unable to give you copies of any of the official notices of the issue of the stamps of this Colony. I hope, however, I may shortly be followed by other writers, who may have greater facilities, and be more successful in obtaining the desired information than I have been.

REFERENCE LIST OF THE PHILATELIC SOCIETY, LONDON.

Issue I. 1857.

_Seven values._ Engraved and printed in _taille-douce_ by Messrs. Perkins, Bacon, and Co., of London, on stoutish white wove paper; yellowish gum, imperforate. Designs: The design of the ONE PENNY and FIVE PENCE closely resembles that of the first issue of New Brunswick, except that the crown in the centre is printed straight instead of obliquely, and that there is a small oblong white label above that containing the value, inscribed “POSTAGE” in small coloured block letters. Numerals of value on white squares in each corner. Shape, square. THREE PENCE.—Heraldic flowers on a trilobed _cartouche_ in centre, on reticulated background. Labels of solid colour at left, right, and at the bottom, inscribed in white Roman capitals. Lozenge-shaped blocks in the three corners, with coloured Arabic numeral of value in small white circles. Shape, triangular. The TWO PENCE, FOUR PENCE, SIX PENCE, and ONE SHILLING are very similar in design, which consists of a bunch of heraldic flowers in a central circle on the Two Pence, Four Pence, and One Shilling, and in an oval on the Six Pence. The central circle, or oval, is enframed in a larger engine-turned oval, inscribed above with name of Colony in a curve of white block letters. The remainder of the design varies in detail for each value; but all have the value in full in the bottom label, and Arabic numerals of value in the corners. Shape, upright rectangular. (_Illustrations 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64._)

1d., chocolate-brown, lake-brown (shades).
2d., orange (shades).
3d., green, yellow-green (shades).
4d., orange (shades).
5d., chocolate-brown, lake-brown, verging on bistre (shades).
6d., orange.
1s. ”

_Variety._

The 1s., divided in half horizontally, has done duty for 6d.