Chapter XV: Section II: Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques, and Discoveries (15)

[Sidenote: Febr. 1597.] Hauing thus farre proceeded with this my answere vnto the chiefest points of your worships letters receiued, my desire was to haue sent one vnto you long since, as you may perceiue, by the first date: but by reason I could not get leaue, I haue deferred it of till this instant, for that there was none suffered to passe out of the land. The causes may be iudged, for that it pleased God to call out of this world, the Emperour his Maiestie, who departed about the 7. of Ianuary: and euer since hath bene a mourning time, and no suites for any matter could be heard. But it hath bene a very dead season. Yet (thankes be to God) through the wise gouernment of Lord Boris Pheodorowich the Lord Protector vnto the saide late Emperour, since his death all things haue bene very quiet without any dissention; as the like in such a great kingdome I haue not heard of. [Sidenote: Prince Boris Pheodorowich by generall consent chosen Emperour of Russia.] And now through the prouidence of Almighie God, and by surrender of the late Empresse Irenia Feodoruna, and the common consent of the Patriarch, Nobles, Bishops, and the whole Cleargie, with the whole Commons besides, choise is made of none other but of the said Lord Protector, L. Boris Pheodorowich to be Emperour, and great duke of all Russia, who was most vnwilling to receiue the kingdome, but the people would make no other choise, nor haue any other. So that with much adoe and entreatie, it hath pleased his Maiestie to take vpon him the kingdome, and he is absolute Emperor to him and his heires. And certainly God hath done much for this Countrey, and hath made the people greatly happy, in that he hath prouided and, appointed so famous and worthy a Prince: whose excellent gouernment and experience these foureteene yeeres hath bene manifest to all Russia. God graunt his highnesse a most prosperous and long raine, with his Lady the Empresse, the Prince his sonne, and the Princesse his daughter. All men do reioyce both Russe and strangers for this most famous Emperour. The Coronation is thought shalbe on the Assension day next, til which time I cannot depart from Mosco: which is a litle before the time that ordinarily I doe take my iourney from hence. And touching his Maiesties fauour towards me on your behalfe, especially for her Maiesties sake, as in foretime it was extraordinary, and so specially shewed to mee, as to none the like: so hath his highnesse promised the continuance thereof, with, further fauour as shalbe desired. Whereof I haue no doubt: for dayly I do finde the same.

* * * * *

A learned Epistle written 1581. vnto the famous Cosmographer M. Gerardus
Mercator concerning the riuer Pechora, Naramsay, Cara reca, the mighty
riuer of Ob, the place of Yaks Olgush in Siberia, the great riuer Ardoh,
the lake of Kittay called of the borderers Paraha, the Countrey of Carrah
Colmak, giuing good light to the discouery of the Northeast passage to
Cathay, China and the Malucaes.

Inclyto et celebri Gerardo Mercatori, domino et amico singulari in manus
proprias Duisburgi in Cliuia.

Cum meminissem, amice optime, quanta, cum vnam ageremus, delectatione afficerere in legendis Geographicis scriptis Homeri, Strabonis, Aristotelis, Plinij, Dionis et reliquorum, lŠtatus sum eo quod incidissem in hunc nuncium, qui tibi has literas tradit, quem tibi commendatum esse valde cupio, quique dudum Arusburgi hţc ad Ossellam fluuium appulit. Hominis experientia, vt mihi quidem videtur, multum te adiuuerit in re vna, eaque summis Ó te votis expetita, et magnopere elaborata, de qua tam varie inter se dissentiunt Cosmographi recentiores; patefactione nimirum ingentis illius Promontorij Tabin, celebrisque illius et opulentŠ regionis sub Cathayorum rege per Oceanum ad Orientem brumalem. [Sidenote: DuŠ naues ŠdificatŠ in Duina fluuio ad patefactionem Orientalem.] Alferius is est natione Belga, qui captiuus aliquot annos vixit in Moscouitarum ditione, apud viros illic celeberrimos Yacouium et Vnekium; Ó quibus Antuerpiam missus est accersitum homines rei nauticŠ peritos, qui satis amplo proposito prŠmio ad illos viros se recipiant; qui Sueuo artifice duas ad eam patefactionem naues Šdificarunt in Duina fluuio. Vt ille rem proponit, quamquam sine arte, apposite tamen, et vt satis intelligas, quod quŠso diligenter perpendas, aditus ad Cathayam per Orientem procul dubio breuissimus est et almodum expeditus. Adijt ipse fluuium Obam tum terra per Samoedorum et Sibericorum regionem, tum mari per littus PechorŠ fluminis ad Orientem. Hac experientia confirmatus cert˛ apud se statuit nauim mercibus onustam, cuius carinam non nimium profundŔ demissam esse vult, in Sinum S. Nicolai conducere in regione Moscouitarum, instructam illam quidem rebus omnibus ad eam patefactionem necessarijs, atque illic redintegrato commeatu, MoscouitiŠ nationis notissimos iusta mercede asciscere: qui et Samoedicam linguam pulchre teneant, et fluuium Ob exploratum habeant, vt qui quotannis ea loca ventitant. Vnde Maio exeunte constituit pergere ad Orientem per continentem VgoriŠ ad Orientales partes PechorŠ, Insulamque cui nomen est Dolgoia. [Sidenote: Dolgoia Insula.] Hic latitudines obseruare, terram describere, bolidem demittere, locorumque ac punctorum distantias annotare, vbi et quoties licebit. Et quoniam PechorŠ Sinus vel euntibus vel redeuntibus commodissimus est tum subsidij tum diuersorij locus propter glaciem et tempestates, diem impendere decreuit cognoscendis vadis, facillimoque nauium aditu inueniendo: quo loco antehac aquarum altitudinem duntaxat ad quinque pedes inuenit, sed profundiores canales esse non dubitat: [Sidenote: Insula Vaigats.] deinde per eos fines pergere ad tria quatuorve milliaria nautica, relicta Insula quam Vaigats vocant, media ferŔ via inter Vgoriam et Nouam Zemblam: [Sidenote: Sinus inter Vaigats et Obam vergens per meridiem.] tum Sinum quendam pŠterire inter Vaigats atque Obam, qui per Meridiem vergens pertingit ad terram VgoriŠ, in quem confluunt exigui duo amnes Marmesia atque Karah [Marginal note: Vel Naramsey et Cara reca.], ad quos amnes gens alia Samoedorum accolit immanis et efferata. Multa in eo tractu loca vadosa, multas cataractas inuenit; sed tamen per quas possit Nauigari. [Sidenote: Littus ObŠ incolitubar Ostijs trium dierum itinere.] Vbi ad fluuium Obam peruentum fuerit, qui quidem fluuius (vt referunt Samoedi) septuaginta habet ostia, quŠ propter ingentem latitudinem multas magnasque concludentem Insulas, quas varij incolunt populi, vix quisquam animaduertat, ne temporis nimium impendat, constituit ad summum tria quatuorve tentate ora, ea prŠsertim quŠ ex consilio Incolarum, quos in itinere aliquot habiturus est, commodissima videbuntur, triaque quatuorve eius regionis nauigiola tentandis Ostijs adhibere, quÓm fieri potest ad littus proxime, (quod quidem sub itinere trium dierum incolitur) vt quo loco tutissime nauigan possit, intelligat.

[Sidenote: Yaks Olgush locus super Obam fluuium duodecim dierum itinere a mari.] Quod si nauim per fluuium Obam aduerso amne possit impellere, prima si poterit cataracta, eaque, vt verisimile est, commodissima, ad eumque locum appellere, quem aliquando ipse cum suis aliquot per Sibericorum regionem terra adijt, qui duodecim iuxta dierum itinere distat Ó Mari, quÓ influit in mare flumen Ob, qui locus est in continente, propŔ fluuium Ob cui nomen est Yaks Olgush, nomine mutuato ab illo magno Profluente flumini Ob illabente, tum certŔ speraret maximas se difficultates superasse. Referunt enim illic populares, qui trium duntaxat dierum nauigatione ab eo loco abfuerunt (qu˛d illic rarum est, eo qu˛d multi ad vnum duntaxat diem cymbas pelliceas Ó littore propellentes oborta tempestate perierunt, c¨m neque Ó sole neque Ó syderibus rectionem scirent petere) per transuersum fluminis Ob, vnde spaciosum esse illius latitudinem constat, grandes se carinas prŠciosis onustas mercibus magno fluuio delatas vidisse per Nigros, puta Ăthiopes. [Sidenote: Ardoh flumen influens in lacum Kitthaym: de quo in itinere ad Boghariam scribit Antonius Ienkinsonus.] Eum fluuium Ardoh illi vocant, qui influit in lacum Kittayum, quem Paraha illi nominant, cui contermina est gens illa latissimŔ fusa, quÓm Carrah Colmak appellant, non alia certŔ quÓm Cathaya. Illic, si necessitas postulabit, opportunum erit hybernare, se suosque reficere, resque omnes necessarias conquirere. Qu˛d si acciderit, non dubitat interim plurim¨m se adiutum iri, plura illic quŠrentem atque ediscentem. Veruntamen sperat Šstate eadem ad Cathayorum fines se peruenturum, nisi ingenti glaciei mole ad os fluuij ObŠ impediatur, quŠ maior interdum, interdum minor est. Tum per Pechoram redire statuit, atque illic hybernare: vel si id non poterit, in flumen DuinŠ, quo mature satis pertinget, atque ita primo vere proximo in itinere progredi. Vnum est qu˛d suo loco oblitus sum. [Sidenote: Carrah Colmakest Cathaya.] Qui locum illum Yaks Olgush incolunt, Ó maioribus suis olim prŠdicatum asserunt, se in lacu Kitthayo dulcissimam campanarum harmoniam audiuisse, atque ampla Šdificia conspexisse: Et c¨m gentis Carrah Colmak mentionem faciunt (Cathaya illa est) ab imo pectore suspiria repetunt manibusque proiectis suspiciunt in coelum, velut insignem illius splendorem innuentes atque admirantes. Vtinam Alferius hic Cosmographiam melius saperet, multum ad illius vsum adiungeret, qui sanŔ plurimus est. Multa prŠtereo, vir amicissime, ipsumque hominem te audire cupio, qui mihi spospondit se in itinere Duisburgi te visurum. Auet enim tecum conferre sermones, et procul dubio hominem multum adiuueris. Satis instructus videtur pecunia et gratia, in quibus alijsque officijs amicitiŠ feci illi, si vellet, mei copiam. Deus Optimus maximus hominis votis atque alacritati faueat, initia secundet, successus fortunet, exitum foelicissimum concedat. Vale amice ac Domine singularis.

Arusburgi ad Ossellam fluuium 20. Februarij 1581.

Tuus quantus quantus sum
Ioannes Balakus.

The same in English.

To the famous and renowned Gerardus Mercator, his Reuerend and singular
friend at Duisburgh in Clieueland, these be deliuered.

Calling to remembrance (most deare Friend) what exceeding delight you tooke at our being together, in reading the Geographicall writings of Homer, Strabo, Aristotle, Plinie, Dion, and the rest, I reioyced not a little that I happened vpon such a messenger as the bearer of these presents, (whom I do especially recommend vnto you) who arriued lately here at Arusburg vpon the riuer of Osella. This mans experience (as I am of dpinion) will greatly auaile you to the knowledge of a certaine matter which hath bene by you so vehemently desired, and so curiously laboured for, and concerning the which the late Cosmographers do hold such varietie of opinions: namely, of the discouerie of the huge promontorie of Tabin, and of the famous and rich countreys subiect vnto the Emperor of Cathay and that by the Northeast Ocean sea. [Sidenote: Two ships built vpon the riuer of Dwina for the Northeast discouerie.] The man is called Alferius [Marginal note: Or Oliuer.] being by birth a Netherlander, who for certaine yeeres liued captiue in the dominions of Russia vnder two famous men Yacouius and Vnekius, by whom he was sent to Antwerp to procure skilfull Pilots and Mariners, (by propounding liberall rewards) to go vnto the two famous personages aforesayd, which two had set a Sweden Shipwright on worke to build two ships for the same discouerie vpon the riuer of Dwina. The passage vnto Cathay by the Northeast (as he declareth the matter, albeit without arte, yet very aptly, as you may well perceiue, which I request you diligently to consider) is without doubt very short and easie. This very man himselfe hath trauelled to the riuer of Ob, both by land, through the countreys of the Samoeds, and of Sibier, and also by Sea, along the coast of the riuer Pechora Eastward. Being encouraged by this his experience he is fully resolued with himselfe to conduct a Barke laden with merchandize (the keele whereof hee will not haue to drawe ouer much water) to the Baie of Saint Nicholas in Russia, being furnished with all things expedient for such a discouerie, and with a new supply of victuals at his arriuall there, and also to hire into his companie certaine Russes best knowen vnto himselfe, who can perfectly speake the Samoeds language, and are acquainted with the riuer of Ob, as hauing frequented those places yeere by yeere.

[Sidenote: The Island of Dolgoia.] Whereupon about the ende of May hee is determined to saile from the Baie of S. Nicholas Eastward, by the maine of Ioughoria, and so to the Easterly parts of Pechora, and to the Island which is called Dolgoia. And here also hee is purposed to obserue the latitudes, to suruey and describe the countrey, to sound the depth of the Sea, and to note the distances of places, where, and so oft as occasion shall be offered. And forasmuch as the Baie of Pechora is a most conuenient place both for harbour and victuall, as well in their going foorth as in their returne home in regard of Ice and tempest, he is determined to bestow a day in sounding the Flats, and in searching out the best entrance for ships: in which place heretofore he found the water to be but fiue foote deepe, howbeit he doubteth not but that there are deeper chanels: [Sidenote: The Island of Vaigats. A Baie betweene Vaigats and Ob trending Southerly.] and then hee intendeth to proceed on along those coasts for the space of three or foure leagues, leauing the Island called Vaigats almost in the middle way betweene Vgoria and Noua Zembla: then also to passe by a certaine Baie betweene Vaigats and Ob, trending Southerly into the land of Vgoria, whereinto fall two small riuers called Marmesia and Carah [Marginal note: Or, Naramsey and Cara Reca.], vpon the which riuers doe inhabite an other barbarous and sauage nation of the Samoeds. He found many Flats in that tract of land, and many cataracts or ouerfals of water, yet such as hee was able to saile by. When hee shall come to the riuer of Ob, which riuer (as the Samoeds report) hath seuentie mouthes, which by reason of the huge breadth thereof containing many and great Islands, which are inhabited with sundry sortes of people, no man scarcely can well disouer, because he will not spend too much time, he purposeth to search three or foure at the most of the mouthes thereof, those chiefly which shall be thought most commodious by the aduise of the inhabitants, of whom hee meaneth to haue certaine with him in his voyage, and meaneth to employ three or foure boates of that Countrey in search of these mouthes, as neere as possibly he can to the shore, which within three dayes iourney of the Sea is inhabited, that he may learne where the riuer is best nauigabie. [Sidenote: The place vpon the riuer Ob, where he was but 12. dayes iourney from the mouthes thereof and is called Yaks Olgush.] If it so fall out that he may sayle vp the riuer Ob against the stream, and mount vp to that place which heretofore accompanied with certaine of his friends, he passed vnto by land through the countrey of Siberia which is about twelue dayes iourney from the Sea, where the riuer Ob falleth into the Sea, which place is in the Continent neere the riuer Ob, and is called Yaks Olgush, borowing his name from that mightie riuer which falleth into the riuer Ob, then doubtlesse hee would conceiue full hope that hee had passed the greatest difficulties: for the people dwelling thereabout report, which were three dayes sayling onely from that place beyond the riuer Ob, whereby the bredth thereof may be gathered (which is a rare matter there, because that many rowing with their boates of leather one dayes iourney onely from the shore, haue bene cast away in tempest, hauing no skill to guide themselues neither by Sunne nor Starre) that they haue seene great vessels laden with rich and precious merchandize brought downe that great riuer by blacke or swart people. [Sidenote: M. Ienkinson in his voyage to Boghar speaketh of the riuer Ardok.] They call that riuer Ardoh, which falleth into the lake of Kittay, which they call Paraha, whereupon bordereth that mighty and large nation which they call Carrah Colmak, which is none other then the nation of Cathay. There, if neede require, he may fitly Winter and refresh himselfe and his, and seeke all things which he shall stand in need of: which if it so fall out, he doubteth not but in the meane while he shall be much furthered in searching and learning out many things in that place. Howbeit, he hopeth that hee shall reach to Cathaya that very Sommer, vnlesse he be hindered by great abundance of Ice at the mouth of the riuer of Ob, which is sometimes more, and sometimes lesse. If it so fall out, he then purposeth to returne to Pechora, and there to Winter: or if he cannot doe so neither, then hee meaneth to returne to the riuer of Dwina, whither he will reach in good time enough, and so the next Spring following to proceed on his voyage. One thing in due place I forgate before.

The people which dwell at that place called Yaks Olgush, affirme that they haue heard their forefathers say, that they haue heard most sweete harmonie of bels in the lake of Kitthay, and that they haue seene therein stately and large buildings: and when they make mention of the people named Currah Colmak (this countrey is Cathay) they fetch deepe sighes, and holding vp their hands, they looke vp to heauen, signifying as it were, and declaring the notable glory and magnificence of that nation. I would this Oliuer were better seen in Cosmographie, it would greatly further his experience, which doubtlesse is very great. Most deare friend, I omit many things, and I wish you should heare the man himselfe which promised mee faithfully that he would visite you in this way at Duisburg, for he desireth to conferre with you, and doubtlesse you shall very much further, the man. He seemeth sufficiently furnished with money and friends, wherein and in other offices of curtesie I offered him my furtherance if it had pleased him to haue vsed me. The Lord prosper the mans desires and forwardnesse, blesse his good beginnings, further his proceedings, and grant vnto him most happy issue. Fare you well good sir and my singular friend. From Arusburg vpon the riuer of Ossella, the 20. of February, 1581.

Yours wholly at commandement,

Iohn Balak

Master Anthonie Ienkinson in a disputation before her Maiestie with sir Humfrey Gilbert for proofe of a passage by the Northeast to Cathaya, among other things alleageth this: videlicet, that there came a continuall streame or currant through Mare glaciale, of such swiftnesse as a Colmak told him, that if you cast any thing therein, it would presently be caried out of sight towards the West, &c.

* * * * *

A testimonie of the Northeasterne Discouerie made by the English, and of
the profite that may arise by pursuing the same: taken out of the second
volume of Nauigations and Voyages, fol. 17. of the notable Cosmographer
M. Iohn Baptista Ramusius, Secretaire to the State of Venice: Written in
Italian in the yeere, 1557.

D'alla parte poi di sotto la nostra Tramontana, che chiascuno scrittore et Cosmographo di questi et de passati tempi fin'hora vi ha messo e mette mare congelato, et che la terra corra continuamente fino a 90. gradi verso il Polo: sopro questa mappa-mondo all' incontro si vede che la terra vÓ solamente vn poco sopra la Noruega et Suetia, e voltando corre poi Greco e Leuante nel paese della Moscouta et Rossia, et vÓ diritto al Cataio. Et che cio sia la veritÓ, le nauigationi che hanno fatte gl' Inglesi con le loro naui, volendo andare Ó scoprire il Cataio al tempo del Re Odoardo Sesto d'Inghilterra, questi anni passati, ne possono far vera testimonianza: perche nel mezzo del loro viaggio, capitate per fortuna a i liti di Moscouia doue trouarano all' hora regnare Giouanni Vasiliuich Imperatore della Rossia e gran Duca di Moscouia, il quale con molto piacere e marauiglia vedutogli, fece grandissime carezze, hanno trouato quel mare essere nauigabile, e non agghiacciato. La qual nauigatione (ancor che con l'esito fin hora non sia stata bene intesa) se col spesso frequentarla et col lungo vso et cognitione de que' mari si continuerÓ, Ŕ per fare grandissima mutatione et riuolgimento nelle cose di questa nostra parte del mondo.

The same in English.

Moreouer (hauing before spoken of diuers particularities, in an excellent Map of Paulus Venetus) on that part subiect to our North pole, where euery writer and Cosmographer of these and of former times hitherto, haue, and doe place the frozen Sea, and that the land stretcheth continually to 90. degress, towards the pole: contrarywise, in this mappe is to bee seene, that the land extendeth onely a litle aboue Norway and Swethland, and then turning it selfe trendeth afterwards towards the Southeast and by East, vnto the countrey of Moscouie and Russia, and stretcheth directly vnto Cathay. And that this is true, the nauigations which the English men haue of late made, intending to discouer Cathay, in the time of Edward the sixt, king of England, are very sufficient witnesses. For in the mids of their voiage, lighting by chance vpon the coast of Moscouie (where they found then reigning Iohn Vasiliwich Emperor of Russia, and great Duke of Moscouia, who after he had, to his great delight and admiration, seene the English men, entertained them with exceeding great curtesies) found this sea to be nauigable, and not frozen.

[Sidenote: The great hope of the Northeastern dicouerie.] Which nauigation to Cathay, although it be not as yet throughly knowen, yet if with often frequenting the same, and by long vse and knowledge of those seas it bee continued it is like to make a wonderfull change and reuolution in the state of this our port of the world.

* * * * *

The testimonie of Gerardus Mercator in his last large Mappe of Europe,
touching the notable discoueries of the English, made of Moscouie by the
Northeast.

Magnam occasionem certamque rationem emendandŠ EuropŠ nobis attulit celeberrima Angloram per Cronium mare nauigatio: quŠ littora Septentrionalia Finlappie MoscouiŠque iuxta coeli situm, mundÝque plagas digesta habet. Exacta etiam vrbis MoscuŠ latitudo ab Anglis obseruata, interiorum Regionum emendati¨s describendarum infallibilem legem prŠscripsit: Quibus oblatis adminiculis pulcherrimis, iniquum putaui tabulam hanc castigatiorem non reddere.

The same in English.

The most famous nauigation of the English men by the Northeast sea hath offered vnto me a great occasion, and certaine direction for the reformation of the mappe of Europe: which discouerie hath the Northerne parts of Finmarke, Lapland, and Moscouie, laied out according to the iust eleuation and the quarters of the world. And further, the true obseruation of the latitude of the city of Mosco, made by the foresaid Englishmen, hath yeelded me an infallible rule, for the correcting of the situation of the inland countries: which notable helps being ministred vnto me, I thought it my duetie to exhibite to the world this Mappe, more exact and perfect then hitherto it hath bene published.

* * * * *

Another testimonie of Ioannes Metellus Sequanus concerning the same
Nauigation and Discouerie in his preface prefixed before Osorius de rebus
gestis Emanuelis Regis PortugalliŠ. written about the yeere, 1574.

At ne omnis, vnis Hispanis, Oceani maris gloria totßque concederetur, Britanni Septentriones noua in Moscouiam nauigatione, ab hinc annis viginti plus min¨s illustrarunt. Nam bellis Sueticis Ó Moscouitarum, NaruŠque LiuoniŠ exclusi commercio, iter ad illos Oceano, hinc NoruegiŠ, FinmarchiŠ, LappiŠ, ScricfinniŠ, BiarmiŠque; illinc GroenlandiŠ littora prŠteruecti, vltrÓ Septuagesimum latitudinis Aquilonaris gradum sibi patefaciunt. Quam nauigationem BelgŠ posteÓ, non sine tamen cum ijsdem Britannis velitatione, sunt secuti. E˛ vehunt argenti veteris fragmenta, lineßsque vestes propŔ detritas, omnÝsque generis minutiores merces, ad vsum, cult˙mque corporis hominum vtriusque sexus, veluti lintea et byssea cingula, periscelides, crumenas, cultros, et id genus sexcenta. A Moschis autem pelles omnis generis pretiosas adferunt, et salmones salitos, fumˇque duratos.

The same in English.

But least all and the whole glory of discouering the Ocean sea should be ascribed to the Spaniards, the Englishmen about twentie yeeres past, by a new nauigation into Moscouie, discouered the Northeast partes. For they by reason of the warres of Swethland being hindered from the traffique of the Moscouites and of the Narue in Liefland, opened a passage for themselues by the Ocean sea, beyond the Northerne latitude of 70. degrees: hauing in their course on the one side the coastes of Norway, Finmark, Lapland, Scrickfin and Biarmia: On the other side the coast of Gronland. Which voyage the Hollanders afterwarde entred into, but not without some conflict with the English. They cary thither old plate and course linnen cloth, and all kind of small Mercerie wares, seruing for the apparelling of men and women, as linnen, and silke girdles, garters, purses, kniues, and many such like things. And they bring away from the Moscouites, all kinde of precious Furres, and Salmons salted and dried in the smoke.

END OF VOL. IV.

INDICES TO VOLS. II., III., & IV.

INDICES.

N.B.--The large print indicates that the _whole_ section refers to the subject mentioned.

VOL. II.

ALANIANS, Greek Christians ALBANIA described ALEPPO (Sultan of) attacked by Tartars ALMANS (Germans), mentioned ALTI (Soldan), mentioned AMBASSADORS received by Cuyne ANDREW, duke of Russia ANDREW, (Friar) visits the Caspian ANTIOCH taken by the French AQUILEIA (Patriarch of) attacks Tartars ARCTIC OCEAN visited by Tartars ARMENIANS attacked by Tartars ASCELLINUS (Friar) sent to Tartary ASSASSIN, origin of word ASSASSINI, a mountain tribe ASTAR, mentioned ASTRACAN, mentioned AUSTRIA (Duke of) attacks Tartars AZOV, mentioned AZOV, (Sea of)

BAATU. See _Bathy_ BADEN (Earl of) said to attack Tartars. BALDACH (Caliph of) attacked by Tartars--Mentioned BALDWIN OF HAINAULT, mentioned BAN, brother to Bathy, put to death BARCHIN besieged BARTHOLOMEW OF CREMONA accompanies Rubruquis to Tartary--Sent back by Bathy to Sartach. BATHY. His expedition--Carpini sent to him--His power--Receives Carpini-- Revisited by Carpini--Mentioned--His wives--His reception of Rubruquis BEARS, mentioned BEAUVAIS (Vincent of), see _Beluacensis_ BELUACENSIS (V.), quoted--note on BENEDICT (Friar) accompanies J. de Piano Carpini BERTA, mentioned BISERSMINIA, mentioned BLACK SEA. See _Pontus Euximus_ BOHEMIA, mentioned BOHEMIA (King of) attacks Tartars BOLAC, mentioned BOLESAUS, Duke of Silesia BORISTHENES. See _Dnieper_ BULGARIA (Greater). BULGARIA (Minor). BURUTABETH, mentioned.

CAESARIA, mentioned. CAILAC, mentioned. CANGLE, mentioned. CARA CARUM, mentioned. CARINTHIA (Duke of) attacks Tartars. CARPINI, JOANNES DE PLANO: HIS EMBASSY FROM INNOCENT IV. TO THE TARTARS-- Sent to Tartary--Crosses Bohemia--Poland--Russia--Visits Boleslaus-- Conrad--Wasilico--Taken ill--His mission--Received by Bathy--Travels through Commania and land of Kangittae--Biserminia--Reaches the court of Cuyne--His reception--Receives letters from Cuyne--Dismissed--His return home--Mentioned CASPIAN Sea, mentioned CATHAY, mentioned. CAUCASUS, mentioned CHINGAY, mentioned CHINGIS KHAN. His origin--Defeated by Mongols--Defeats the Nestorians-- Defeats Kytai--Named Emperor--Attacks the Kirghis and the TroglodytŠ-- His laws--His death CLOTH, the chief merchandise in Tartary COIAT, Sartach's Historiographer COMANI defeated by Thosut Khan--Their customs COMMANIA described CON KHAN, ruler of Kara-Katay CONRAD, duke of Mazovia CONSTANTINOPLE, mentioned CORRENSA COSMOS, the Tartar drink CRACOW, mentioned CRIT, a nomad tribe CUYNE--Entertains Carpini--Elected Emperor--His appearance--Receives ambassadors--Parts from his mother--Avenges his father's death-- Dissembles CYRPODANIS, his expedition

DERBENT, mentioned DEURUM (Soldan), attacked by the Tartars DNIEPER (river), mentioned DON (river), mentioned

ELDEGAY, mentioned ENGLISHMAN, extraordinary confession of an ERIVAN (lake), mentioned

FRA PAOLO, mentioned FROBISHER (M.), quoted

GASARIA, see CŠsaria GEORGIA, attacked by Tartars, mentioned GERMANY, mentioned GOSET accompanies Rubruquis, Sent back by Bathy GOTHS, mercenaries GUYDO, governor of Trebizond

HAYTHON (Bishop), mentioned HUNGARIANS at the Court of Bathy, Descended from the Huns HUNGARY, mentioned

IAEC, see _Rhymuus_ IEROSLAUS, Duke of Russia IEROSLAUS, Duke of Susdal INDIA, attacked by Tartars INNOCENT IV. sends a mission to Tartary ISIDORE, quoted IUGURES, idolaters

JERUSALEM, mentioned JERUSALEM (Knights of), conquer Prussia

KADAC, mentioned KANGITTĂ, mentioned KENCHAT, mentioned KEN KHAN, mentioned KERSOVA, see _Kertch_ KERTCH, mentioned KIEV, mentioned KIRGHIS, mentioned KYTAI, resist Chingis Khan--Use silver for missiles--Conquered--Mentioned --Make war against the besiegers of Antioch

LANGA, mentioned LENA DELTA, mentioned LESGI, a tribe of Saracens

MĂOTIS (lake), mentioned MANCHERULE (Manchu), mentioned MANGU KHAN, mentioned MATRIGA, see _Azov_ MELVILLE, chief engineer of "Jeannette", quoted MERKIT, see _Crit_ MICHAEAS the malicious MICHAEL, Duke of Russia, martyred by the Tartars MOAL, a name of the Tartars MONSTERS, mentioned MORDUANS attacked--mentioned MOXEL, subjects of Sartach MUC, an eastern nation

NAYMANI, mentioned NEPER, see _Dnieper_ NESTORIANS defeated by Chingis Khan NEUSTADT, mentioned NICHOLAS (servant to Rubruquis)

OCCADAY-KHAN Builds Omyl--Succeeds Chingis--The manner of his death OMYL built ORDU (duke) mentioned ORGANUM, the land of Mangu Khan ORNA attacked

PASCATIR, mentioned PARIS (MATTHEW), extract from PAROSITAE, mentioned PEREKOP (Isthmus) POLAND, mentioned PONTUS EUXIMUS, mentioned PRESTER JOHN defeats Tartars--Chief of Nestorians--His country PRUSSIA, mentioned

RHA, see _Volga_
RHYMNUS (river), mentioned
RUBRUQUIS (W. de). HIS VOYAGE TO TARTARY--Reaches Soldaia--Travels over
Isthmus of Perekop--Reaches Tartary--Is imposed upon--Visits the Court
of Scacati--Passes through Comania-- Crosses the Don--Reaches the Court
of Sartach--Is received by him--Is forwarded to Bathy--Reaches the
Volga--Visits the Court of Bathy--Sent on to Mangu Khan--Visits the
Iugures
RUSSIA, _passim_

SAINT CLEMENT, his martyrdom SAINT QUENTIN (Simon of), quoted SALT PITS, mentioned SAMOYEDS, mentioned SARPI (Paul), see _Fra Paolo_ SARTACH, mentioned--His country--Receives Rubruquis SCACATI, kinsman of Bathy--His court--Gives Rubruquis a guide SILESIA, mentioned SIMFEROPOL, mentioned SOLANGA, mentioned SOLDAIA, see _Simferopol_ SOLONIA, mentioned SUN, fable as to its rising SYNOPOLIS, mentioned SYRA ORDA, mentioned

TALAS, mentioned TANAIS, see _Don_ TANGUT, mentioned TARTARS, their barbarous demeanour, _passim_--Attack Neustadt--Driven back by Christian princes--J. DE PLANO CARPINI'S ACCOUNT OF THEM--Their appearance--Marriages--Clothing--Dwellings--Religious ceremonies-- Crimes and laws--Worship the moon--Funeral rites--Compared with those of Florida--Virtues and Vices--W. DE RUBRUQUIS'S ACCOUNT OF THEM-- Defeated by Prester John--Meet with Monsters Their leaders--Ill treatment of Ambassadors--attack Bulgaria--Hungary--The ParossitŠ--The Samoyeds, Armenia. Georgia--Soldan Deurum--Sultan of Aleppo--Caliph of Baldach, Military tactics--Mode of crossing rivers--Their bad faith-- Their conquests--Their plans of conquest--How to resist them--Their fodder, Mode of saluting Princes--Their way of drinking--Their carts-- Their beds Their food--Their mode of wearing their hair--Their women-- Their yearly migrations--Their manner of writing TARTARY, Description of--Political divisions TAURICA CHERSONESUS TEREK (river), mentioned THIBET, mentioned THOSSUT KHAN defeats Comani TIRBON (Prince), mentioned TRAPEZUNDA, see _Trebizond_ TREBIZOND mentioned TROGLODYTĂ, mentioned TURGEMANNUS accompanies Rubruquis

VALAKIA, mentioned VASTACIUS, mentioned VENETUS (Paulus). See _Fra Paolo_ VOLGA (river), mentioned VUT KHAN, brother of Prester John

WASILICO, duke of Russia

YUO OF NARBONA. EPISTLE TO ARCHBISHOP OF BORDEAUX

ZIKIA, mentioned

INDEX TO VOL. III.

ABERDOUR BAY, Wreck of the Edward Bonaventure in ADAMS (Clement), mentioned--HIS ACCOUNT OF SIR HUGH WILLOUGHBY'S EXPEDITION ĂGELAND, mentioned

ALCOCKE (Thomas), HIS LETTER TO RICHARD GRAY AND HENRY LANE--Put in prison--Released--Mentioned--HIS SECOND JOURNEY TO PERSIA, BY R. CHEINE, Goes to Casbin--Murdered--Account of his murder. ALEPPO. Its trade ALEXANDER VI. (Pope). His division of unknown lands annulled ALLARD the skinner, mentioned ALLEN (Thomas), mentioned ALLEN (William), mentioned AMBASSADOR, attendance on the Russian AMSTERDAM mentioned ANDREWS (John), mentioned ANNA, wife of Wladimir, mentioned ANTHONY (Nicholas), mentioned ARDOC. See _Oxus_ ARDOVIL. mentioned ARNEOSTE, a Giant, mentioned ARRASH, mentioned ARTILLERY, used in Russia--Varieties used in Europe ARUNDEL, (Henry, Earl of), mentioned ARZINA. See _Varsina_ ASTRAKAN, conquered--Mentioned ATTILA, his evil countenance AUGUST (William), mentioned AUGUSTUS, Duke of Moscovy said to be descended from AUK (Little), plentiful AURA SOLTANA, a Tartar girl AUSTEN (John), mentioned AUSTEN (Robert), mentioned AYZ, a holy Tartar

BAJAZET, Emperor of Turkey, carried in a cage by Tamerlane BALKH, mentioned BANBRUCKE (Christopher), mentioned BARNES (Sir George), mentioned BARRETT (Charles), mentioned BARRIE (William), mentioned BASILIUS, Emperor of Constantinople--sends a bishop to Russia BASILIUS, son of Demetrius--succeeded by his brother BASILIUS, grandson of Demetrius--succeeds his uncle--taken prisoner by his cousins BATHY, duke of Tartary--slays Czar Georgius--Overruns Poland and Silesia-- Marches into Hungary--Defeats Bela IV BAUGHLEATA, mentioned BEARE (William), mentioned BECHER (Henry), mentioned BEDFORD (John, Earl of), mentioned BELA IV., King of Hungary--defeated by Bathy BENEDICT (Friar), sent as an ambassador to the Tartars BENTLY (Erasmus), mentioned BEROZOVA (river), mentioned BERWICK, mentioned BEST (Robert), mentioned--Is appointed Henry Lane's champion BLACKWALL, mentioned BLAGE (George), see _Blake_ BLAKE (George), mentioned BLUE Sea, mentioned BOGHAR, mentioned--described BOKHARA, see _Boghar_ BOMMELOE ISLAND visited by Burrough BONA CONFIDENTIA (The), mentioned--Its history and fate BONAVENTURE (Cape), mentioned BOND, Alderman, mentioned BONTIGNE (Roger), master of rope works at Cholmogori BORGIA, (Caesar), mentioned BORGIA (Lucretia), mentioned BORISSUS, son of Wladimir BORISTHENES, see _Dnieper_ BOSTON, mentioned BOUCHER (John), mentioned BRANDE (John), mentioned BRIAN (Leonard), sent to North Russia in search of Yew BROOKE (John), mentioned BROOKE (Rowland), mentioned BROWNE (John), mentioned BROWNE (Thomas), mentioned BUCKLAND (John), mentioned BULLCY (Thomas), quoted BUNTING (Roger), mentioned BUNTING (Thomas), mentioned BUONA SPERANZA (The), mentioned--Its history and fate BURROUGH (Stephen), HIS EXPEDITION TO DISCOVER THE RIVER OB--Sails from Ratcliffe--Entertained by Cabot at Gravesend--Embarks on Edward Bonaventure--Visits Bommeloe island--Loses sight of Searchthrift-- Reaches Hammerfest--Names North Cape--Parts from Edward Bonaventure-- Arrives in the river Kola--Meets with Russian Lodjas--Has friendly relations with a Russian named Gabriel--And unfriendly with a Karelian --Rounds Cape Canin Nos--Enters river Petchora--Meets with Ice--His adventure with a whale--Lands on Navaja Zemlia--Meets a Karelian, named Loshak, from whom he obtains information--Visits a Samoyed camp--Turned back by ice--Returns to Colmogro--RICHARD JOHNSON'S ACCOUNT OF THE VOYAGE--HIS VOYAGE IN SEARCH OF THE THREE LOST VESSELS--Sails in Searchthrift--Lands at Dogs Nose--Meets with a storm--Is boarded by Laps--Learns the fate of the lost ships--Invited to send English ships to Kegor--Intends to seek the river Ob--Appointed master of the Swallow BURROUGH (William) mentioned BURTON (George), mentioned BUSSARMANS, mentioned BUTTER (Miles), mentioned

CABOT (Sebastian). ORDINANCES, ETC., GIVEN TO WILLOUGHBY--Named--First governor of the Muscovy Co.--Boards the Searchthrift--His age CAMA (river), mentioned CAMEN BOLDSHAY, a mountain CAMPION, a city of Cathay CANIN NOS, reached by Burrough--Mentioned CAPE (George Burton), mentioned CAPHAR mentioned CAROWE (John), mentioned CARPINI (J. de Plano) sent as ambassador to the Tartars--quoted CASBIN, mentioned CASHGAR, mentioned CASPIAN (Sea), mentioned--Visited by Jenkinson--Described CASTELlNE (Edward), mentioned CATHAY, mentioned--Its trade--ROUTES FROM RUSSIA CAUCASUS (mountains), mentioned CAZAN, conquered--Described CHAMBERLAIN (Richard), mentioned CHANCELLOR (Nicholas), mentioned CHANCELLOR (Richard). Appointed captain of the _Edward Bonaventure_--THE LETTER OF EDWARD VI. ENTRUSTED TO HIM--HIS ACCOUNT OF THE EMPIRE OF RUSSIA--Visits Ivan Vasilowich II.--ACCOUNT OF HIS VOYAGE TO RUSSIA BY CLEMENT ADAMS--Takes in provisions at Harwich--Arrives in the Bay of Saint Nicholas--HIS ACCOUNT OF RUSSIA--Grand pilot of the second voyage to Russia--Accompanies Killingworth to Moscow--Drowned in Aberdour Bay --Conveys Russian Ambassador to England--Mentioned CHAPMAN (William)--mentioned CHARTERS. THE FIRST GRANTED TO THE MUSCOVY COMPANY BY IVAN VASILOWICH II.-- GRANTED TO THE MUSCOVY CO. BY PHILIP AND MARY--BY ELIZABETH CHATTERTON (Ralph), mentioned CHEBE NAVOLOCHE (cape), mentioned CHEINIE, mentioned--HIS ACCOUNT OF THE SECOND VOYAGE INTO PERSIA CHELSIE (Cuthbert), mentioned CHESTER (Brian), mentioned CHESTER (Sir William), mentioned CHOLMOGORI, Described, Mentioned CLARENDON HIST. SOC, quoted CLARK (Edward), mentioned CLAROCKE (John), mentioned CLIFTON (William), mentioned COCKS (John), mentioned COINS. NOTICE OF RUSSIAN, BY JOHN HASSIE--Bokharian COLA. See _Kola_ COLACHE, a ring of bread COLGOIEVE. See _Kolgujev_ COLMACK, mentioned COLMOGRO. See _Cholmogori_ COMFORT (Cape), mentioned CONSTANTINUS, Emperor of Constantinople CORASSAN See _Khorassan_ CORPUS CHRISTI BAY, mentioned COSCAYNOS (Cape), mentioned COUNSELLORS APPOINTED TO MANAGE WILLOUGHBY'S EXPEDITION COYA RECA, mentioned COZAMOMET, mentioned CRIM TARTARS, mentioned CROSS ISLAND, mentioned CYPHER, letters to Muscovy Co. to be written in CZAR, meaning of title

DALABERE (James), mentioned DANIEL, son of Yaroslaus--makes Mosco the capital--His sons DANTISKE (? Dantzig), mentioned--Celebrated for cables--Obtains wax from Russia DAVIS (Richard), his death DAVISON (Thomas), mentioned DEMETRIUS, son of Georgius: his son DEMETRIUS, son of Simeon--His sons DEPTFORD, mentioned DERBENT, mentioned DE VEER, mentioned DICKENSON (Henry) DIMMOCK (John), mentioned DNIEPER (river), mentioned DOG'S NOSE (Cape), mentioned DOLGOI (Island), seen by Burrough DOLGOIEVE. See _Dolgoi_ DOMS HAFF, mentioned DORSET (Henry), mentioned DRONTON. See _Trondheim_ DURFURTH (Cornelius), mentioned DURIFORTH (John), mentioned DUTCH trade with Laps, mentioned DWINA (river), mentioned--ascended by Jenkinson DYEING, materials used in--to be sent to England

EASTER eggs mentioned EATON (George), mentioned EDEN (Richard), HIS TESTIMONY ABOUT CHANCELOR EDGE (Capt T.), tries to prove Willoughby's land to the Spitzbergen EDINBURGH, mentioned EDWARD BONAVENTURE (The), mentioned--Lost sight of by Willoughby-- Commissioned for Chancellor's second voyage to Russia--To be sent back to England--Takes S. Burrough to Vardoe--Parts from Searchthrift--Its fate--Conveys Russian ambassador to England EDWARD VI., HIS LETTER TO THE KINGS, ETC.--OF THE NORTH EAST--On his death- bed when Sir H. Willoughby's expedition sails EDWARDS (Arthur), merchant on board the Edward Bonaventure--Left by Killingworth at Vologda--To be sent home--LETTER TO THOMAS NICHOLS REGARDING PREPARATIONS FOR VOYAGE TO PERSIA--LETTER TO SIR T. LODGE RELATING TO THIRD VOYAGE TO PERSIA--LETTER TO MOSCOVY COMPANY--RELATING THIRD VOYAGE TO PERSIA--ANOTHER LETTER TO THE SAME EDWARDS (John), mentioned EDWARDS (Lawrence), mentioned ELIZABETH (Queen), LETTER FROM SIGISMOND AUGUSTUS--LETTER TO THE EMPEROR OF RUSSIA IN FAVOR OF JENKINSON--LETTER TO THE SOPHY OF PERSIA--SENT BY JENKINSON ELLOT (John), mentioned ELSON (Robert), mentioned EUSTAPHIUS, abbot of Jerusalem--sent to Russia EVERY (William), mentioned

FAWKNER (John), mentioned FINMARK, mentioned FLAMBOROUGH HEAD, mentioned FOEYN (Capt Svend), a whale-hunter FOWLES (Richard), mentioned FOXES, trapped along the coast of the Polar sea FOX NOSE (Cape), mentioned FOXSKINS in demand in England FRANCIS (Thomas), mentioned FROTHINGHAM (Christopher), uncle of Richard Chancellor FURS, desirable kinds GABRIEL, son of Ivan Vasilowich--adopts the name of Basilius--defeats Lithuanians GABRIEL, a Russian--friendly to S. Burrough GALLANT (Cape). See _Solinos_ GARDINER (Alexander), mentioned GARRARD (William), mentioned GARRET (William), mentioned GEFFERSON (William), mentioned GEORGIUS, son of Vuszevolodus; his sons GEORGIUS, son of Demetrius--Slain by Bathy GIBSON (Clement), mentioned GIFTS. SENT BY PHILIP AND MARY TO IVAN VASILOWICH I--SENT BY IVAN VASILOWICH I. TO PHILIP AND MARY GILLAN, mentioned GILPIN (George), sent to Scotland GITTONS (William), mentioned GLEBUS, son of Wladimir GLOVER (Thomas). LETTERS KROM MUSCOVY CO--Appointed agent--mentioned GOISWINE (George), mentioned GOOD FORTUNE (Cape), mentioned GOOSELAND, mentioned GOSTOMISLIUS persuades his fellow-citizens to make children of Prussus their rulers GRACE (Cape), mentioned GRAVESEND, mentioned GRAY (Richard), appointed commander of second voyage to Russia--Left at Vologda--LETTER FROM MUSCOVY CO--mentioned--LETTER TO HENRY LANE-- LETTER FROM TH. ALCOCK GREENEAWAY (Ralph), mentioned GREENWICH, mentioned GRESHAM (Sir John), mentioned GULISTAN, mentioned GULLISTONE. See _Gulistan_ GULLS, plentiful GULOIN, a strange beast GWINNE (Robert), mentioned GWINNE (Richard), mentioned

HALGELAND; mentioned HAMANE (William), mentioned HAMBURGH receives wax from Russia HAMEL, quoted HAMMERFEST, its situation HANDCOCKS (Thomas), mentioned HANS TOWNS endeavour to stop English trade with Russia HANTE (Thomas), mentioned HARWICH, mentioned HASEL (Thomas), mentioned HASSE (John), mentioned, HIS ACCOUNT OF RUSSIAN COINS, ETC. HAUTORY (Thomas), LETTER TO HENRY LANE HAWTREY. See _Hautory_ HAYE (John), mentioned HEILICH ISLANDS, mentioned HELENA, daughter of Ivan Vasilowich, married to Alexander--King of Poland HELENA, wife of Basilius Ivanowich HENRY, Duke of Poland, slain by Tartars HERBERTSTEIN (Von), quoted HERDSON (Henry): See _Hudson_ HERODOTUS, mentioned--quoted HEYWARD (Roland), mentioned HICKMAN (Anthony), mentioned HIRCANIA. See _Shirvan_ HODSON. See _Hudson_ HOLMEHEAD, mentioned HOLMES (Giles), HIS ACCOUNT OF THE ROUTE TO CATHAY HOLST, see _Holstein_ HOLSTEIN, mentioned HOPE ISLAND, mentioned HOPKINS (John), mentioned HOWARD OF EFFINGHAM (William, Lord), mentioned HOWLET (John), master of the Philip and Mary HUDSON (Christopher), Winters at Jeraslave--Supposed relationship to Henry Hudson, the discoverer--LETTER FROM MUSCOVY COMPANY--Appointed Agent HUDSON (Henry), founder of Muscovy Company HUDSON (Henry), the discoverer, notice HULL, mentioned HULSIUS, quoted HUNGARY, invaded by Tartars HUNT (Edward), mentioned HUSIE (Anthony), mentioned HUSSIE (Hubert), mentioned HUSSIE (Laurence), mentioned

IAIC (River), mentioned IAROSLAUS, sole ruler of Russia--His sons IAROSLAUS, son of Demetrius--succeeds his brother--His sons ICE, Met with by Burrough--Again met with IGOR succeeds Rurek INCENT (John). HIS ACCOUNT OF THE RECEPTION OF THE FIRST RUSSIAN AMBASSADOR TO ENGLAND INDIA, Bokharan trade with INGER Sound, mentioned INGRAM (Richard), mentioned INNOCENT IV, sends ambassadors to the Tartars INSTRUCTIONS TO MERCHANT ADVENTURERS ON THIRD VOYAGE TO RUSSIA--TO THE MARINERS OF THE EXPEDITION OF 1557--GIVEN TO A. JENKINSON BY MUSCOVY COMPANY, ISTOMA, said to have rounded North Cape IUNA CREOS, mentioned IUG (river), mentioned IVAN VASILOWICH I., succeeds his father--Murders his relatives--His wives and children IVAN VASILOWICH II., succeeds to the Dukedom of Russia--His character-- Visited by Chancellor--Sends an embassy to Poland--HIS LETTER TO EDWARD VI. ENTRUSTED TO CHANCELLOR--mentioned--Sends an embassy to England--His wardrobe--Description of

JACKS (Austen), mentioned
JENKINSON (Anthony), quoted--Appointed Captain of Primrose--his intended
journey to Cathay--HIS LETTER TO HENRY LANE--mentioned--HIS FIRST
VOYAGE--Runs aground on Black Tail Sand--Reaches S. Nicholas Bay--
Ascends the Dwina--His interview with the Emperor--Starts for Bokhara--
HIS VOYAGE FROM MOSCO TO BOKHARA--Travels twenty days in the wilderness
--INSTRUCTIONS FOR HIS VOYAGE TO PERSIA--Arrives at the court of the
Sophy--Offers to buy the raw silk of Persia--A BRIEF NOTICE OF HIS
JOURNEY TO RUSSIA
JERASLAF, described--mentioned
JOHN KALETA, son of Daniel--succeeds him--His sons
JOHNSON (Richard), Left at Vologda--HIS ACCOUNT OF BURROUGH'S VOYAGE--To be
sent back to England--Accompanies Jenkinson to Bokhara--NOTES ON
VARIOUS ROUTES TO CATHAY--Accused of vicious living--A THIRD VOYAGE
INTO PERSIA--His negligence
JOHNSON (Robert), accompanies Jenkinson to Bokhara
JONSON (R.) See _Johnson_
JUDD (Sir Andrew), mentioned
JUDD (Richard), mentioned

KAIT, mentioned KEDILWIKE (? Hammerfest), mentioned KEGOR, mentioned KEMPE (William), mentioned KENER (Edward), mentioned KETTELWIKE. See _Kedilwike_ KHORASSAN, mentioned KIEV, mentioned KIGA Bay, mentioned KILDINA (island), mentioned KILLINGWORTH (George), appointed commander of the second voyage to Russia-- HIS ACCOUNT OF HIS VOYAGE TO MUSCOVY (1555)--Leaves part of his company at Vologda--Travels to Moscow--Furnished with a notice of Russian coins --LETTER FROM MUSCOVY COMPANY KIOW. See Kiev KIRBIE (Thomas), mentioned KIRGHIS, mentioned KITCHIN (Alexander), Journeys into Persia--His death KNIGHT (Nicholas), mentioned KNIGHT (Sir W. P.), mentioned KOLA (Peninsula) KOLA (river), visited by S. Burrough--mentioned KOLGUJEV (island), mentioned KRASNOI (Cape). See _Cape Grace_ KREMLIN (The), mentioned

LADOGA (lake), mentioned LAMPAS--A great Samoyed market LANE (Henry), accompanies Killingworth to Moscow--LETTER FROM MUSCOVY COMPANY--LETTER FROM THOMAS HAUTORY--LETTER FROM RICHARD GRAY--LETTER FROM THOMAS ALCOCK--LETTER FROM A. JENKINSON--LETTER FROM MUSCOVY COMPANY, (1560)--HIS ACCOUNT OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE IN RUSSIA --His lawsuit with Sheray Costromitskey LANGLIE (Thomas), mentioned LAPLAND, Sir Hugh Willoughby winters there--Described LAPPIA. See _Lapland_ LAPS, board the Searchthrift--A vocabulary of their language LASSIE (William), mentioned LAURENCE (William), mentioned LAWRENCE (Nicholas), mentioned LEGNITZ, mentioned LETTO, mentioned LEWFOOT. See _Lofoden_ LEWIKE (Peter), mentioned LIEFLAND, mentioned LIGHT (William), mentioned LINSCHOTTEN'S drawing of Samoyed archers LIQUORICE grown in Crimea LISHBIE (Roger), mentioned LITHUANIANS, defeated by Basilius LIVONIANS attacked by Ivan Vasilowich I.--Also by Ivan Vasilowich II.--A letter concerning their relations to the Moscovites LIVVY quoted LODGE (Thomas), LETTERS FROM A. EDWARDS LODJA (A Russian ship), met with--Engraving of LOFODEN (islands), Described--Mentioned LONG (James), mentioned LOSHAK, a Karelian--His account of Novaya Zemlia and the neighbouring seas LUBECK obtains wax from Russia LUCKE (John), Taken prisoner in Liefland LUMLEY,(Lord), mentioned

MAELSTROM (whirlpool) mentioned MAGDALENA BAY, mentioned MAGNUS, duke of Holstein MALESTRAND. See _Maelstrom_ MALLORY (William), mentioned MANDEVILLE, quoted MANGUSLAVE, mentioned MARIE, wife of Ivan Vasilowich MARY, granddaughter of Ivan Vasilowich--maries Magnus, duke of Holstein MARY, Queen of England. Conclusion addressed to her by Chancellor--HER RECEPTION OF THE FIRST AMBASSADOR FROM RUSSIA McCRINDLE (J. W.), his translation of the _Indica_ of Nearchus MEASURES, notice of Russian MECCA, mentioned MEDINSKI SAVOROT (Cape), mentioned MERCHANT ADVENTURERS. See _Muscovy Company_ MERRICK (William), mentioned MERST (John) MOLDAVIA, mentioned MOLTON (Richard), mentioned MONDEVSTOVA OSTROVE (island), mentioned MONTAGUE (Viscount), receives Russian Ambassador MOORE (John), mentioned MORDING (Miles), mentioned MORGAN (Richard), mentioned MORGIOVETS, mentioned MORREN (William), mentioned MOSCO; made capital--Mentioned--Description of MOSCOVIA (Duke of) HIS GENEALOGY, FROM A MS. BY A POLACKE MOSKWA (river), mentioned--blessing of MURZAY. See _Shally Mursey_ MUSCOVY COMPANY, mentioned--Articles for the second voyage--THE OATH ADMINISTERED TO THE MEMBERS--THEIR FIRST RUSSIAN CHARTER--THEIR CHARTER FROM PHILIP AND MARY--THEIR LETTER TO KILLINGWORTH AND OTHERS IN COLMOGRO--Send apprentices abroad--LETTER TO HENRY LANE, CHRIS. HUDSON, AND TH. GLOVER--ANOTHER LETTER TO THE SAME--INSTRUCTIONS TO A. JENKINSON--Privileges granted by Obdolowcan--LETTER FROM A. EDWARDS-- ANOTHER LETTER FROM THE SAME--THEIR GREAT CHARTER FROM ELIZABETH NAGAY TARTARS, mentioned NAPEA (Osep). See _Napeja_ NARAMZAY (river), mentioned NARVE (The), mentioned NARWHAL, a species of whale NASH (Thomas), mentioned NASSADES, A Russian boat NAZE (The), mentioned NAZAVOE, a port on the Caspian NEARCHUS, the account of a whale in his _Indica_ NEOPHYTUS, bishop of Ephesus, envoy to Czar Wladimir NEPEJA (Ossip Gregorjevitsch), ambassador to England--Wrecked in the Bay of Aberdour--Received by Viscount Montague--mentioned--His return to Russia--ACCOUNT OF HIS RETURN VOYAGE TO RUSSIA NEWBORROW (Nicholas), mentioned NEWCASTLE, mentioned NICOLS (Thomas), LETTER FROM A. EDWARDS--mentioned NISNI NOVGOROD, mentioned NORDENSKIOLD (Professor), quoted NORDKEIN. See _North Cape_ NORTH CAPE so named by S. Burrough--Its distance from Hammerfest--Passed by Jenkinson NOVAYA ZEMLYA, mentioned--Visited by Burrough NOVOGROD, mentioned--described

OATH, ADMINISTERED TO SIR H. WILLLOUGHBY--TO THE MASTER OF THE SHIP--TO THE MEMBERS OF THE MUSCOVY CO OB (river). BURROUGHS EXPEDITION TO--Loshak's account of the route to it-- Mentioned OBDOLOWCAN King of Shirvan--Grants privileges to Jenkinson--Copy of these privileges--Mentioned--His death OCCA (river), mentioned OCTHER, mentioned OFFLEY (Thomas), mentioned OLECHUS shares Novogrod with children of Prussus OLEGA Slain OLHA marries Igor--Takes name of Helena ONEGA (Lake), mentioned ORFORDNESS, mentioned ORDINANCES, ETC., GIVEN BY CABOT TO WILLOUGHBY ORMUZ, mentioned ORWELL SANDS, mentioned OWIGA (river), mentioned OXUS (river), Its geography and history--mentioned PACIE (Edward), mentioned PAINTER (Thomas), mentioned PALLY (Thomas), mentioned PALMER (Peter), mentioned PATTERSON (Edward), mentioned PECHINCHOW MONASTERY, mentioned PEMBROKE (William, Earl of), mentioned PENTECOST (Cape), mentioned PERMIA, celebrated for Yew PEROVOLOG, mentioned PERSIA, famous for raw silk--Its trade--Description of--ARTICLES SUITABLE FOR TRADE WITH PET (Arthur), seaman on Edward Bonaventure--Appointed master of the Jesus PETSCHORA, mentioned--Reached by Borough PETT (Thomas), mentioned PHEODOR, master of a Russian Lodja PHIBARIE (George), mentioned PHILIP AND MARY of England's letter to Ivan Vasilowich II--CHARTER TO THE MUSCOVY CO.--Annul Pope Alexander's division of unknown lands PHILIP AND MARY (The), mentioned PHILLY (David), mentioned PITSLIGO (Bay of), mentioned PLESCO, mentioned--Described PLETTEBERGIUS defeats Ivan Vasilowich PLINY, quoted POINTER (Richard), mentioned POLAND, overrun by Tartars--At war with Ivan Vasilowich--An Embassy sent by Ivan Vasilowich II--Its ancient treaties with England POLONIA. See _Poland_ POSTESORA. See _Petschora_ POTTER (John), mentioned POZANKA (island), mentioned PRESLA, mentioned PRISE (Edward), mentioned PRUSSUS, said to have given his name to Prussia PURCHAS, quoted RACE (Cape), mentioned RAMUSIUS (B.) HIS ACCOUNT OF THE ROUTE FROM TAURIS TO CAMPION RATCLIFFE. Sir Hugh Willoughby sails from--Stephen Burrough leaves READ (John M.), quoted REVEL celebrated for cloth--Mentioned REYNE (John), mentioned ROBINS (John), Pilot of the Philip and Mary ROBINSON (John), mentioned ROBINSON (John), mentioned ROMANOWICH (Mikita), brother-in-law to Ivan Vasilowich II ROSE (Island), described ROSE (Christopher), mentioned ROSSE (Robert), mentioned ROST (Island), mentioned ROUNDAL (Laurence), mentioned RUBRUQUIS (W. de), quoted RUREK, son of Prussus RUSKI SAVOROT (Cape), mentioned RUSSIA, _passim_--Description of, by Chancellor--ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE IN--Latitudes of principal places in--DISTANCES BETWEEN CHIEF PLACES RUSSIANS, their discipline--Their Embassies--Their laws--Their punishments --Their religion--Idolatrous Russians--Their houses--Their clothing-- NOTICE AS TO THEIR COINS &C., BY JOHN HASSIE--Their river boats-- Twelfth-day ceremonies--Their priests--Their food--Their drunken habits --Their mode of travelling--Their feasts--DESCRIPTION OF THEIR MANNERS AND CUSTOMS--Baptismal ceremonies--Their marriage ceremonies--Their funeral ceremonies--Their drinks SAINT BERNARD (Cape), mentioned SAINT DUNSTAN'S Island. Bommeloe Island so named by S. Burrough SAINT EDMUND'S POINT, mentioned SAINT GEORGE'S ISLANDS, mentioned SAINT JAMES'S ISLAND, mentioned SAINT JOHN (Cape), mentioned SAINT JOHN'S ISLANDS, mentioned SAINT NICHOLAS (Bay of) discovered by Chancellor--Mentioned SAINT NICHOLAS (town), mentioned--ROUTE AND DISTANCE TO THE CASPIAN SAINT OSYTH, mentioned SAINT PAUL'S ISLANDS, mentioned SAINT PETER'S ISLANDS, mentioned SAMAR (river), mentioned SAMARCAND, mentioned SAMOYEDS. Burrough meets with one--Their archery--Their idols--Their sledges--Giles Fletcher's account of them--Meaning of their name-- Professor Ahlquist's communication respecting them--Engraving of Samoyeds--Mentioned--Their religion--Their customs and habits-- DESCRIBED SAND, a wilderness of, 238 SANDERS (Blase), mentioned SCHLEISSING'S engraving of Samoyeds SCOTSMEN advise Chancellor to return, 58 SCOTS NESS, seen by Burrough SEALSKIN unsaleable SEAPIES, a name for _Little Auks_, which see SEARCHTHRIFT (The). BURROUGHT's EXPEDITION IN--Sails again in 1557 SEDGESWIKE (John), Left at Vologda--Mentioned SELLYZURE, mentioned SERACHICK, mentioned SEREBRENIKOFF, quoted SEVEN ISLANDS. See _St George's Island_ SEYNAM, mentioned SHABRAN, mentioned SHALLY MURZEY, his courtesy--Succeeds Obdolowcan SHMACKI, mentioned SHAW THAMAS. See _Sophy_ SHEPWASH (William), mentioned SHERAY COSTROMITSKEY, his lawsuit with Henry Lane SHIRVAN, description of SIDNEY (Sir H.) His speech about Chancellor SIGISMOND AUGUSTUS, King of Poland. HIS LETTER TO ELIZABETH SILESIA, overrun by Tartars SIMEON, succeeds John Kaleta SIMPSON (Thomas), mentioned SINAUS, son of Prussus SLEDGE TRAVELLING, mentioned SMITH (Edward), mentioned SMITH (James), mentioned SMITH (John), mentioned SMOLENSKO, mentioned SOLINOS (Cape), mentioned SOPHIA PALEOLOGUS, second wife of Ivan Vasilowich--Frees Russia from Tartar yoke--Induces her husband to leave the throne to Gabriel, her son SOPHY OF PERSIA. LETTER FROM QUEEN ELIZABETH--His 140 concubines-- Described--His intended war with the Portuguese--His conferences with A. Edwards--Articles ordered to be sent from England by SORCERY, mentioned SOUTHAM (Thomas). HIS JOURNEY FROM S. NICHOLAS TO NOVOGOROD SOWER (Cape), mentioned SPARKE (John), mentioned--HIS JOURNEY FROM ST NICHOLAS TO NOVOGROD SPITZBERGEN mentioned STAFFORD (John), mentioned STAFFORD (Richard), mentioned STANDISH (Dr.), the Emperor's physician STANFEW. See _Steenfjord_ STANTON (Robert), mentioned STEENFJORD, mentioned STEEL, abundant in Russia STELTSON (Thomas), mentioned STERFIER, mentioned STEVENS (Patrick), mentioned STOCKHOLM, mentioned STONE (Thomas), mentioned STOSLAUS, son of Igor STOWE, quoted STRABO, quoted STRATAGEM (wonderful) employed by Tartars STROWDE (Richard), mentioned STURGEON in Volga SUCCANA (river), mentioned SUTHCOT (John), mentioned SWJATOINOS, mentioned--Confounded with North Cape

TAILER (Henry) mentioned TAIMUR PENINSULA, mentioned TALBOT (Lord), mentioned TAMERLANE, carries Bajazet in a cage TARTARS: Make Russians tributaries--overrun Poland and Silesia--Employ marvellous stratagem--March into Hungary--Outwitted by Sophia PalŠologus--Crim Tartars at war with Muscovites--Two examined as to their country by Chancellor--Their habits &c. TASHKENT, mentioned TAURIS. See Tebris TEBRIS, mentioned TENERUK. King of Chircassi TEREPOLCHUS, slain TERWILL, mentioned THURLAND (George), mentioned TIFLIS, mentioned TILBURY, mentioned TIMOR SOLTAN a Nomad Prince TOTMA, mentioned; TOWNES (Thomas), mentioned TRI OSTROVE (island) TRIAL by lot--Account of a TRONDHEIN, mentioned TRUOR, son of Prussus TUMEN, mentioned TURCOMANIA described

UGORY, celebrated for Yew URGENCE, mentioned USTIUG, mentioned

VAIGATZ (islands of), visited by Burrough--revisited--mentioned VARAGERFJORD. See _Doms Haff_ VARAS, mentioned VARDOE, mentioned--Reached by Chancellor VARZINA, mentioned VASILI Pheodorowich, Russian deputy in Lapland VENETIANS. Their trade with Armenia VOLGA (river), mentioned VOLHUSKI (river), mentioned; VOLOGDA, described--Mentioned VULODIMIR. See _Wladimir_ VUSZEVOLODUS, son of Wladimir--His sons

WADE (Thomas), appointed master of the Philip and Mary WAGHAM (Griffin), mentioned WALKENDEN (Geofrey), mentioned WALKER (John), mentioned WALKER (Thomas), mentioned WALTER (Thomas), mentioned WALTON (Dunston), mentioned WARDHOUSE. See _Vardoc,_ WATSON (William), mentioned WEB (John), mentioned WEIGHTS, notice of Russian WELFORD (Roger), mentioned WEXEL (river), mentioned WHALE. Burrough's adventure with one--Kinds and numbers found in Arctic Ocean--Account of meeting with a whale in the _Indian_ of Nearchus-- Three hundred taken at a cast WHITE (John), mentioned WHITE (Sir Thomas), mentioned WHITE (William), mentioned WIGGLEWORTH (Nicholas), mentioned WILLIAMS (John), mentioned WILLOGHBY (Gabriel), mentioned--His will WILLOGHBY (Sir Hugh). ORDINANCES, ETC., GIVEN HIM BY SEBASTIAN CABOT-- Appointed commander of Expedition--THE LETTER OF EDWARD VI. ENTRUSTED TO HIM--Died in Lapland--Sails from Ratcliffe--Leaves Greenwich--Passes Blackwall--Reaches Woolwich--Gravesend--Tilbury--Passes the Naze-- Anchors at Orwell Sands--Reaches the Islands of Rost--Loses sight of the Edward Bonaventure in a storm--Discovers Willoughby's Land--Lands and winters at mouth of River Varzina--Sends explorers to find habitations--Perishes at mouth of Varzihai--Object of his voyage--His body found by Russian fishermen--His body sent to England by Killingworth--A witness to the will of Gabriel Willoughby--Portrait-- Mentioned WILLOUGHBY'S LAND, mentioned--Supposed to be Kolgujev Island WILSON (Roger), mentioned WINCHESTER (William, Marquis of), mentioned WITSEN, quoted WLADIMIR slays his brothers--Turns Christian--Adopts the name of Basilius-- His sons WLADIMIR, son of Jaroslaus, ruler of Kiev--Wages war against Constantine-- Concludes a peace--Named Czar WORMS in men's legs WOOD (Richard), mentioned WOODFOORD (Alexander), mentioned WOOLWICH mentioned WRENNE (George), mentioned

YARMOUTH, mentioned YAVATE, mentioned YEM (river), mentioned YEMPS, mentioned YENISEI (river) once a hunting ground for whales YORK CITY; mentioned YORKE (Sir John), mentioned

ZENAN (Island), mentioned ZENORAS, quoted ZOLATITSA (Harbour), mentioned

INDEX TO VOL. IV

ABILFADA (I), his epitome--HIS OPINION OF THE ARCTIC OCEAN ALCOCK (T.), mentioned, 11--His death ALDAY (J.), LETTER TO MUSCOVY COMPANY ALEPPO, mentioned ALFERIUS, mentioned ALLIBONE, quoted AMSTERDAM, mentioned ANTWERP, mentioned ARDOK (river), mentioned ARDOVIL, mentioned ARZINA. See _Varzina_ ARMENIA, its trade with Venice ARRASH, mentioned ARUSBURG, mentioned ASTRAKAN, mentioned--Besieged by Turks and Tartars--Attacked by the Crim Tartars ATHERTON (A.), released from prison ATKINS (T.), his death

BABYLON famous for dates BACKHOUSE (J.), mentioned BAKU, celebrated for Petroleum--mentioned BALAK (John), LETTER TO GERARD MERCATOR BAMBOROUGH HEAD, mentioned BAMBURCH. See _Bamborough_ BANNISTER (T.)--mentioned--HIS VOYAGE TO PERSIA--Goes to Casbin,--To Tervis--To Shamaki--to Arrash,-Dies BARE BAY, mentioned BARNES (Sir George), mentioned BARWICK. See _Berwick_ BASSENDINE (J.), COMMISSIONED TO SEEK NORTH EAST PASSAGE--Supposed to have been wrecked and massacred BAUTISUS (river), mentioned BEAL OZERA (Lake), mentioned BEARD, a wonderful BEROZOVA USTLA, mentioned BERWICK, mentioned BIGGAT (W.), mentioned BILBIL, mentioned BODAN BELSKOY, a Russian councellor BOGHAR (Bokhara), mentioned BOMBASINE COTTON, HOW GROWN BOMELIUS (Dr.), roasted to death BORIS PHEODOROWICH, the Emperor's brother--HIS LETTER TO LORD BURGHLEY --LETTER FROM WILLIAM CECIL--LETTER TO ELIZABETH--ANOTHER LETTER TO LORD BURGHLEY--Chosen Emperor BOTTEL (sound), mentioned BOWES (Sir Jerome). HIS APPOINTMENT AS AMBASSADOR TO RUSSIA--HIS VOYAGE TO RUSSIA--mentioned BRIMSTONE, mentioned BROWNE (R.), mentioned BRUNSWICK, mentioned BURGHLEY (Lord). See (_Cecil_) BURROUGH (Christopher), HIS ACCOUNT OF THE SIXTH VOYAGE TO PERSIA BURROUGH (Stephen), mentioned BURROUGH (W.) Takes letter to Emperor of Russia--Captures Hans Snark, a pirate--INTEROGATORIES ADMINISTERED TO HIM CONCERNING THE NARVE, ETC. --DEDICATION TO ELIZABETH OF HIS MAP OF RUSSIA--The map given to Pet and Jackman--HIS INSTRUCTIONS TO ARTHUR PET AND CHARLES JACKMAN--HIS OPINION AS TO FITTEST TIME TO SAIL FOR ST. NICHOLAS--mentioned BUSORMAN, an apostate BUTLER (B.), mentioned

CABOT (Sebastian), mentioned CALCONDYLAS (L.), quoted CALCUTA its trade with Portuguese CAMBALU a supposed city of Cathay--Supposed to be Pekin CANADA, mentioned CARA RECA see River Kara CARAWOOL meaning of the word CARDS playing at, a capital crime CARLISLE (C), mentioned CARPINI (J. de Plano), mentioned CASBIN, mentioned CASPIAN SEA, mentioned--Has no tide CASSEL, mentioned CATHAY, mentioned CAVIARE, mentioned CAZAN, mentioned CECIL (W., Lord Burghley). LETTER FROM BORIS PHEODOROWICH--LETTER TO BORIS PHEODOROWICH--ANOTHER LETTER FROM BORIS PHEODOROWICH CHANCELLOR (N.) appointed purser to Pet CHANCELLOR (Richard), mentioned CHAPMAN (L.), HIS ACCOUNT OF EDWARDS'S FOURTH VOYAGE TO PERSIA--Mentioned --dies CHARE SIBERSKI, Prince of Siberia--taken prisoner CHARTER GRANTED BY THE EMPEROR OF RUSSIA TO THE MUSCOVY COMPANY--ANOTHER --ADDITIONAL PRIVILEGES--GRANTED BY SHAH OF PERSIA TO THE MUSCOVY COMPANY--GRANTED BY PHEODOR IVANOWICH TO MUSCOVY COMPANY CHERRY (F.), mentioned CHESTER (V.), mentioned CHETERA BABBAS (island), mentioned CHETERA BOUGORI (island), mentioned CHOLMOGORI, mentioned CNOYEN (J.), mentioned COLA, ADVICE TOUCHING A VOYAGE TO--Described COCHE CALIFAY, Lord Keeper of die Great Seal of Persia COLE (H.), mentioned COLGOIEVE (island), mentioned COLMOGRO. See _Cholmogori_ CORONATION CEREMONIES in RUSSIA CURRENTS in Arctic Ocean

DANCY (E.), LETTER IN VERSE FROM TURBERVILLE,--Suggestion as to his identity, ibid DEE (Dr. John), INSTRUCTIONS TO ARTHUR PET AND CHARLES JACKMAN--COMMISSION TO BRING HIM TO RUSSIA--LETTER FROM E. GARLAND--Refuses offers of Emperor of Russia DERBENT taken by the Turks--Built by Alexander the Great DICE, play at, a capital crime DOLGOIEVE (island), mentioned DON (river) mentioned DRAKE (N.), his criticism of Turberville DUCKET (G.), mentioned--HIS VOVAGE TO PERSIA--Falls ill at Ardovil--Goes to Casbin--Passes throngh Persepolis--Attacked and taken by Cossacks-- Ascends the Volga--Returns to England,--HIS ACCOUNT OF PERSIA-- mentioned DWINA (river), mentioned DYEING, PARTICULARS OF MODE EMPLOYED IN PERSIA, HOW TO BE ASCERTAINED