Chapter III

It is not agreed that everyday newspaper work gives especial fitness for progress in literature. The habit of rapid writing, of getting a story to press to catch the first edition, has the effect for many of creating a style unfitted for more serious effort. Yet when temperament and taste are present, there is no position in which the aspirant for a place in the literary field has greater opportunity. To be in touch with the thought and the happenings of the world gives opportunity for interpretation of life to the broader public of the magazine and the published volume. Newspaper work does not make writers of books, but experience therein obtained does open the way; and the successes, both in fiction and economics, that have come in the past decade from the pens of newspaper workers is ample evidence of the truth of this statement.

It is one of the criticisms of the press that it corrupts beginners and not only gives them a false view of life, but compels them to do things abhorrent to those possessed of the finer feelings of good taste and courtesy. The fact is that journalism is, to a larger degree than almost all other businesses or professions, individualistic. It is to each worker what he makes it. The minister has his way well defined; he must keep in it or leave the profession. The teacher is restrained within limits; the lawyer and physician, if they would retain standing, must follow certain codes. The newspaper worker is a free lance compared with any of these.

The instances in which a reporter is asked to do things in opposition to the best standards of ethics and courtesy are rare—and becoming rarer. The paper of to-day, though a business enterprise as well as a medium of publicity and comment, has a higher ideal than that of two decades ago. The rivalry is greater, the light of competition is stronger, the relation to the public is closer. Little mystery surrounds the press. Seldom does the visitor stand open-eyed in wonder before the “sanctum.” The average man and woman know how “copy” is prepared, how type is set, how the presses operate. The newspaper office is an “open shop” compared with the early printing-offices, of which the readers of papers stood somewhat in awe. Because of this, there is less temptation and less opportunity for obscure methods. The profession offers to the young man and young woman an opportunity for intelligent and untainted occupation. Should there be a demand that seems unreasonable or in bad taste, plenty of places are open on papers that have a higher standard of morals and are conducted with a decent respect for the opinions and rights of the public.

Nor is it necessary that the worker indulge in any pyrotechnics in maintaining his self-respect. The editor of one of the leading papers of western New York quietly resigned his position because he could not with a clear conscience support the nominee favored by the owner of the paper. He did nothing more than many men have done in other positions. His action was not proof that his employer was dishonest, but that there were two points of view and he could not accept the one favored by the publisher. Such a course is always open, and so wide is the publishing world that there is no need for any one to suffer. Nor can a paper or an editor fence in the earth. With enough capital to buy a press and paper, and to hire a staff, any one can have his say—and frequently the most unpromising field proves a bonanza for the man with courage and initiative.

In a long and varied experience as editor, I have rarely found an advertiser who was concerned regarding the editorial policy of the paper. The advertiser wants publicity; he is interested in circulation—when he obtains that, he is satisfied. Instances there are where the advertiser has a personal interest in some local enterprise and naturally resents criticism of its management, but such situations can be dealt with directly and without loss of self-respect to the publisher. Not from the advertiser comes the most interference with the press. If there were as little from men with political schemes, men with pet projects to promote, men (and women) desiring to use the newspaper’s columns to boost themselves into higher positions or to acquire some coveted honor, an independent and self-respecting editorial policy could be maintained without material hindrance. With the right sort of good sense and adherence to conviction on the part of the publisher it can be maintained under present conditions—and the problem becomes simpler every year. More papers that cannot be cajoled, bought, or bulldozed are published to-day than ever before in the world’s history. The “organ” is becoming extinct as the promotion of newspaper publicity becomes more a business and less a means of gratifying ambition.

Publishers have learned that fairness is the best policy, that it does not pay to betray the trust of the public, and journalism becomes a more attractive profession exactly in proportion as it offers a field where self-respect is at a premium and bosses are unconsidered. The new journalism demands men of high character and good habits. The old story of the special writer who, when asked what he needed to turn out a good story for the next day’s paper, replied, “a desk, some paper, and a quart of whiskey,” does not apply. One of the specifications of every request for writers is that the applicant shall not drink. Cleanliness of life, a well-groomed appearance, a pleasing personality, are essentials for the journalist of to-day. The pace is swift, and he must keep his physical and mental health in perfect condition.

That there is a new journalism, with principles and methods in harmony with new political and social conditions and new developments in news-transmission and the printing art, is evident. The modern newspaper is far more a business enterprise than was the one of three decades ago. To some observers this means the subordination of the writer to the power of the publisher. If this be so in some instances, the correction lies with the public. The abuse of control should bring its own punishment in loss of patronage, or of influence, or of both. The newspaper, be it published in a country village or in the largest city, seeks first the confidence of its readers. Without this it cannot secure either business for its advertising pages or influence for its ambitions. Publicity alone may once have sufficed, but rivalry is too keen to-day. Competition brings a realizing sense of fairness. Hence it is that there is a demand for well-equipped young men and clever young women who can instill into the pages of the press frankness, virility, and a touch of what newspaper men call “human interest.”

The field is broad; it has place for writers of varied accomplishments; it promises a profession filled with interesting experiences and close contact with the world’s pulse. It is not for the sloth or for the sloven, not for the conscienceless or for the unprepared. Without real qualifications for it, the ambitious young person would better seek some other life-work.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Books on Principles of Journalism

Adams, Samuel Hopkins. The Clarion. A novel. 1914.

Bleyer, W. G. Newspaper Writing and Editing. The Function of the
Newspaper, pp. 331–389. 1913.

Hapgood, Norman. Everyday Ethics. Ethics of Journalism, pp. 1–15.
1910.

Holt, Hamilton. Commercialism and Journalism. 1909.

Proceedings of the First National Newspaper Conference. University of
Wisconsin. 1913.

Reid, Whitelaw. American and English Studies. Journalistic Duties and
Opportunities, v. 2, pp. 313–344. 1913.

Rogers, Jason. Newspaper Building. 1918.

Rogers, J. E. The American Newspaper. 1909.

Scott-James, R. A. The Influence of the Press. 1913.

Thorpe, Merle, _editor_. The Coming Newspaper. 1915.

2. What Typical Newspapers Contain

Wilcox, Delos F. The American Newspaper: A Study in Social Psychology.
Annals of the American Academy, v. 16, p. 56. (July, 1900.)

Garth, T. R. Statistical Study of the Contents of Newspapers. School
and Society, v. 3, p. 140. (Jan. 22, 1916.)

Tenney, A. A. Scientific Analysis of the Press. Independent, v. 73, p.
895. (Oct. 17, 1912.)

Mathews, B. C. Study of a New York Daily. Independent, v. 68, p. 82.
(Jan. 13, 1910.)

3. What the Public Wants

Thorpe, Merle, _editor_. The Coming Newspaper, pp. 223–247; Symposium:
Giving the Public What It Wants, by newspaper and magazine
editors. 1915.

Independent Chicago Journalist, An. Is an Honest and Sane Newspaper
Possible? American Journal of Sociology, v. 15, p. 321. (Nov.
1909.)

What the Public Wants. Dial, v. 47, p. 499. (Dec. 16, 1909.)

Haskell, H. J. The Public, the Newspaper’s Problem. Outlook, v. 91, p.
791. (April 3, 1909.)

Stansell, C. V. People’s Wants. Nation, v. 98, p. 236. (March 6,
1914.)

Newspapers as Commodities. Nation, v. 94, p. 236. (May 9, 1912.)

Scott, Walter Dill. The Psychology of Advertising, pp. 226–248. 1908.

Bennett, Arnold. What the Public Wants. A play. 1910.

4. What Is News?

What Is News? A Symposium from the Managing Editors of the Great
American Newspapers. Collier’s Weekly, v. 46, p. 22 (March 18,
1911); v. 47, p. 44 (April 15, 1911); v. 47, p. 35 (May 6, 1911);
v. 47, p. 42 (May 13, 1911); v. 47, p. 26 (May 20, 1911).

Irwin, Will. What Is News? Collier’s Weekly, v. 46, p. 16. (March 11,
1911.)

What Is News? Outlook, v. 89, p. 137. (May 23, 1908.)

What Is News? Scribner, v. 44, p. 507. (Oct. 1908.)

Brougham, H. B. News—What Is It? Harper’s Weekly, v. 56, p. 21. (Feb.
17, 1912.)

5. The Reporter and the News

Irwin, Will. “All the News That’s Fit to Print.” Collier’s Weekly, v.
47, p. 17. (May 6, 1911.)

Irwin, Will. The Reporter and the News. Collier’s Weekly, v. 47, p.
21. (April 22, 1911.)

Münsterberg, Hugo. The Case of the Reporter. McClure’s Magazine, v.
36, p. 435. (Feb. 1911.)

Strunsky, Simeon. Two Kinds of Reporters. Century, v. 85, p. 955.
(April 1913.)

Gentlemanly Reporter, The. Century, v. 79, p. 149. (Nov. 1909.)

Dealing in Scandal. Outlook, v. 97, p. 811. (April 15, 1911.)

Seldes, G. H. and G. V. The Press and the Reporter. Forum, v. 52, p.
722. (Nov. 1914.)

6. Effects of News of Crime and Scandal

Fenton, Francis. Influence of Newspaper Presentation upon the Growth
of Crime and Other Anti-social Activity. 1911. Also in American
Journal of Sociology, v. 16, pp. 342 and 538. (Nov. 1910, and Jan.
1911.)

Phelps, E. B. Neurotic Books and Newspapers as Factors in the
Mortality of Suicides and Crime. Bulletin of the American Academy
of Medicine, v. 12, No. 5. (Oct. 1911.)

Newspapers’ Sensations and Suggestion. Independent, v. 62, p. 449.
(Feb. 21, 1907.)

Tragic Sense. Nation, v. 87, p. 90. (July 30, 1908.)

Danger of the Sensational Press. Craftsman, v. 19, p. 211. (Nov.
1910.)

Howells, W. D. Shocking News. Harper’s Magazine, v. 127, p. 796. (Oct.
1913.)

Irwin, Will. “All the News That’s Fit to Print.” Collier’s Weekly, v.
47, p. 17. (May 6, 1911.)

Responsibility of the Press. Independent, v. 53, p. 2248. (Sept. 19,
1901.)

Our Chamber of Horrors. Outlook, v. 99, p. 261. (Sept. 30, 1911.)

The Newspaper as Childhood’s Enemy. Survey, v. 27, p. 1794. (Feb. 24,
1912.)

Lessons in Crime at Fifty Cents per Month. Outlook, v. 85, p. 276.
(Feb. 2, 1907.)

The Man Who Ate Babies. Harper’s Weekly, v. 51, p. 296. (March 2,
1907.)

Lawlessness and the Press. Century, v. 82, p. 146. (May 1911.)

Newspaper Responsibility for Lawlessness. Nation, v. 77, p. 151. (Aug.
20, 1903.)

Newspaper Invasion of Privacy. Century, v. 86, p. 310. (June 1913.)

Newspaper Cruelty. Century, v. 84, p. 150. (May 1912.)

Newspapers and Crime. Journal of Criminal Law, v. 2, p. 340. (Sept.
1912.)

7. Yellow and Sensational Journalism

Irwin, Will. The Fourth Current. Collier’s Weekly, v. 46, p. 14. (Feb.
18, 1911.)

Irwin, Will. The Spread and Decline of Yellow Journalism. Collier’s
Weekly, v. 46, p. 18. (March 4, 1911.)

Thomas, W. I. The Psychology of the Yellow Journal. American Magazine,
v. 65, p. 491. (March 1908.)

Brooks, Sydney. The Yellow Press: An English View. Harper’s Weekly, v.
55, p. 11. (Dec. 23, 1911.)

Whibley, Charles. The American Yellow Press. Blackwood’s, v. 181, p.
531 (April 1907); also in Bookman, v. 25, p. 239. (May 1907.)

Brisbane, Arthur. Yellow Journalism. Bookman, v. 19, p. 400. (June
1904.)

Brisbane, Arthur. William Randolph Hearst. North American Review, v.
183, p. 511 (Sept. 21, 1906); editorial comment on this article,
by George Harvey, on p. 569.

Commander, Lydia K. The Significance of Yellow Journalism. Arena, v.
34, p. 150. (Aug. 1905.)

Brunner, F. J. Home Newspapers and Others. Harper’s Weekly, v. 58, p.
24. (Jan. 10, 1914.)

Pennypacker, S. W. Sensational Journalism and the Remedy. North
American Review, v. 190, p. 587. (Nov. 1909.)

Curb for the Sensational Press. Century, v. 83, p. 631. (Feb. 1912.)

8. Inaccuracy

Smith, Munroe. The Dogma of Journalistic Inerrancy. North American
Review, v. 187, p. 240. (Feb. 1908.)

Collins, James H. The Newspaper—An Independent Business. Saturday
Evening Post, v. 185, p. 25. (April 12, 1913.)

Kelley, Fred C. Accuracy Pays in Any Business: New York World’s Bureau
of Accuracy and Fair Play. American Magazine, v. 82, p. 50. (Nov.
1916.)

New Credulity. Nation, v. 80, p. 241. (March 30, 1905.)

Fakes and the Press. Science, v. 25, p. 391. (March 8, 1907.)

Newspaper Science. Science, v. 25, p. 630. (April 19, 1907.)

Gladden, Washington. Experiences with Newspapers. Outlook, v. 99, p.
387. (Oct. 14, 1911.)

Irwin, Will. The New Era. Collier’s Weekly, v. 47, p. 15. (July 8,
1911.)

Print the News. Outlook, v. 96, p. 563. (Nov. 12, 1910.)

Falsification of the News. Independent, v. 84, p. 420. (Dec. 13,
1915.)

9. Faking

Faking as a Fine Art. American Magazine, v. 75, p. 24. (Nov. 1912.)

Bok, Edward. Why People Disbelieve the Newspapers. World’s Work, v. 7,
p. 4567. (March 1904.)

Offenses Against Good Journalism. Outlook, v. 88, p. 479. (Feb. 29,
1908.)

Lying for the Sake of War. Nation, v. 98, p. 561. (May 14, 1914.)

Wheeler, H. D. At the Front with Willie Hearst. Harper’s Weekly, v.
61, p. 340. (Oct. 9, 1915.)

Russell, Isaac. Hearst-made War News. Harper’s Weekly, v. 59, p. 76.
(July 25, 1914.)

Hearst-made War News. Harper’s Weekly, v. 59, p. 186. (Aug. 22, 1914.)

Dream Book. Outlook, v. 111, p. 535. (Nov. 3, 1915.)

Hall, Howard. Hearst: War-maker. Harper’s Weekly, v. 61, p. 436. (Nov.
6, 1915.)

Pulitzer, Ralph. Profession of Journalism: Accuracy in the News.
Pamphlet published by the New York World. 1912.

10. Coloring the News

Irwin, Will. The Editor and the News. Collier’s Weekly, v. 47, p. 18.
(April 1, 1911.)

Irwin, Will. Our Kind of People. Collier’s Weekly, v. 47, p. 17. (June
17, 1911.)

Irwin, Will. The New Era. Collier’s Weekly, v. 47, p. 15. (July 8,
1911.)

Irwin, Will. The Press Agent. Collier’s Weekly, v. 48, p. 24. (Dec. 2,
1911.)

Confessions of a Managing Editor. Collier’s Weekly, v. 48, p. 18.
(Oct. 28, 1911.)

Tainted News as Seen in the Making. Bookman, v. 24, p. 396. (Dec.
1906.)

Baker, Ray Stannard. How Railroads Make Public Opinion. McClure’s
Magazine, v. 26, p. 535. (March 1906.)

How the Reactionary Press Poisons the Public Mind. Arena, v. 38, p.
318. (Sept. 1907.)

11. Suppression of News

Irwin, Will. The Power of the Press. Collier’s Weekly, v. 46, p. 15.
(Jan. 21, 1911.)

Irwin, Will. Advertising Influence. Collier’s Weekly, v. 47, p. 15.
(May 27, 1911.)

Irwin, Will. Our Kind of People. Collier’s Weekly, v. 47, p. 17. (June
17, 1911.)

Irwin, Will. The Foe Within. Collier’s Weekly, v. 47, p. 17. (July 1,
1911.)

The Patent Medicine Conspiracy against the Freedom of the Press.
Collier’s Weekly, v. 36, p. 13. (Nov. 4, 1905.)

Silencing the Press. Nation, v. 76, p. 4. (Jan. 1, 1903.)

Stansell, C. V. Ethics of News Suppression. Nation, v. 96, p. 54.
(Jan. 16, 1913.)

A Real Case of Tainted News. Collier’s Weekly, v. 53, p. 16. (June 6,
1914.)

Seitz, Don C. The Honor of the Press. Harper’s Weekly, v. 55, p. 11.
(May 6, 1911.)

Can the Wool Trust Gag the Press? Collier’s Weekly, v. 46, p. 11.
(March 18, 1911.)

Holt, Hamilton. Commercialism and Journalism. 1909.

12. Editorial Policy and Influence

Kemp, R. W. The Policy of the Paper. Bookman, v. 20, p. 310. (Dec.
1904.)

Blake, Tiffany. The Editorial: Past, Present, and Future. Collier’s
Weekly, v. 48, p. 18. (Sept. 23, 1911.)

The Editorial Yesterday and To-day. World’s Work, v. 21, p. 14071.
(March 1911.)

Editorialene. Nation, v. 74, p. 459. (June 12, 1902.)

Irwin, Will. The Unhealthy Alliance. Collier’s Weekly, v. 47, p. 17.
(June 3, 1911.)

Shackled Editor. Collier’s Weekly, v. 51, p. 22. (April 12, 1913.)

Fisher, Brooke. The Newspaper Industry. Atlantic Monthly, v. 89, p.
745. (June 1902.)

Porritt, Edward. The Value of Political Editorials. Atlantic, v. 105,
p. 62. (Jan. 1910.)

Haste, R. A. Evolution of the Fourth Estate. Arena, v. 41, p. 348.
(March 1909.)

We. Independent, v. 70, p. 1280. (Jan. 8, 1911.)

Bonaparte, Charles J. Government of Public Opinion. Forum, v. 40, p.
384. (Oct. 1908.)

Ogden, Rollo. Journalism and Public Opinion. American Political
Science Review, Supplement, v. 7, p. 194. (Feb. 1913.)

Williams, Talcott. The Press and Public Opinion. American Political
Science Review, Supplement, v. 7, p. 201. (Feb. 1913.)

13. The Associated Press and the United Press

Beach, H. L. Getting Out the News. Saturday Evening Post, v. 182, p.
18. (March 12, 1910.)

Noyes, F. B. The Associated Press. North American Review, v. 197, p.
701. (May 1913.)

Stone, Melville E. The Associated Press. Century, vv. 69 and 70.
(April to Aug. 1905.)

Irwin, Will. What’s Wrong with the Associated Press? Harper’s Weekly,
v. 58, p. 10. (March 28, 1914.)

Is There a News Monopoly? Collier’s Weekly, v. 53, p. 16. (June 6,
1914.)

Stone, Melville E. The Associated Press: A Defense. Collier’s Weekly,
v. 53, p. 28. (July 11, 1914.)

Mason, Gregory. The Associated Press: A Criticism. Outlook, v. 107, p.
237. (May 30, 1914.)

Kennan, George. The Associated Press: A Defense. Outlook, v. 107, p.
240. (May 30, 1914.)

The Associated Press as a Trust. Literary Digest, v. 48, p. 364. (Feb.
21, 1914.)

The Associated Press Under Fire. Outlook, v. 106, p. 426. (Feb. 28,
1914.)

Criticisms of the Associated Press. Outlook, v. 107, p. 631. (July 18,
1914.)

Irwin, Will. The United Press. Harper’s Weekly, v. 58, p. 6. (April
25, 1914.)

Roy W. Howard, General Manager of the United Press. American Magazine,
V. 75, p. 41. (Nov. 1912.)

Howard, Roy W. Government Regulation for Press Association in Thorpe’s
The Coming Newspaper, pp. 188–204. 1915.

14. Ethics of Newspaper Advertising

The Patent Medicine Conspiracy against the Freedom of the Press.
Collier’s Weekly, v. 36, p. 13. (Nov. 4, 1905.)

Adams, Samuel Hopkins. The Great American Fraud. A series of articles
in Collier’s Weekly, vv. 36 and 37. (Oct. 7, 1905, to Sept. 22,
1906.) Published as a book, with the same title, in 1906.

Creel, George. The Press and Patent Medicines. Harper’s Weekly, v. 60,
p. 155. (Feb. 13, 1915.)

Roberts, W. D. Pursued by Cardui. Harper’s Weekly, v. 60, p. 175.
(Feb. 20, 1915.)

Waldo, Richard H. The Second Candle of Journalism, in Thorpe’s The
Coming Newspaper, pp. 248–261. 1915.

Roosevelt, Theodore. Applied Ethics in Journalism. Outlook, v. 97, p.
807. (April 15, 1911.)

The Lure of Fake Sales. Current Opinion, v. 56, p. 223. (March 1914.)

Adams, Samuel Hopkins. Tricks of the Trade. Collier’s Weekly, v. 48,
p. 17. (Feb. 17, 1912.)

Millions Lost in Fake Enterprises. Outlook, v. 100, p. 797. (April 13,
1912.)

Brummer, F. J. The Home Newspaper and Others. Harper’s Weekly, v. 58,
p. 24. (Jan. 10, 1914.)

Houston, H. S. New Morals in Advertising. World’s Work, v. 28, p. 384.
(Aug. 1914.)

Stelze, Charles. Publicity Men in a Campaign for Clean Advertising.
Outlook, v. 107, p. 589. (July 11, 1914.)

15. Dramatic Criticism

Confessions of a Dramatic Critic. Independent, v. 60, p. 492. (March
1, 1906.)

Armstrong, Paul, and Davis, Hartley. Manager _vs._ Critic. Everybody’s
Magazine, v. 21, p. 119. (July 1909.)

Cudgeling the Dramatic Critics. Literary Digest, v. 48, p. 321. (Feb.
14, 1914.)

Serious Declaration of War Against the Dramatic Critic. Current
Opinion, v. 57, p. 328. (Nov. 1914.)

Trials and Duties of a Dramatic Critic. Current Literature, v. 39, p.
428. (Oct. 1905.)

William Winter’s Retirement. Independent, v. 67, p. 487. (Aug. 26,
1909.)

The Newspaper and the Theatre. Outlook, v. 93, p. 12. (Sept. 4, 1909.)

16. Book-Reviewing in Newspapers

Perry, Bliss. Literary Criticism in American Periodicals. Yale Review,
v. 3, p. 635. (July 1914).

Grocery-shop Criticism. Dial, v. 57, p. 5. (July 1, 1914.)

Reviewing the Reviewer. Nation, v. 98, p. 288. (March 19, 1914.)

Varieties of Book-Reviewing. Nation, v. 99, p. 8. (July 2, 1914.)

Haines, Helen E. Present-Day Book-Reviewing. Independent, v. 69, p.
1104. (Nov. 17, 1910.)

Benson, A. C. Ethics of Book-Reviewing. Putnam’s, v. 1, p. 116. (Oct.
1906.)

Matthews, Brander. Literary Criticism and Book-Reviewing, in Gateways
to Literature, pp. 115–136. 1912.

Woodward, W. E. Syndicate Service and Tainted Book-Reviews. Dial, v.
56, p. 173. (March 1, 1914.)

Book-Reviewing _à la Mode_. Nation, v. 93, p. 139. (Aug. 17, 1911.)

17. Newspaper Style

Journalistic Style. Independent, v. 64, p. 541. (March 5, 1908.)

Newspaper English. Literary Digest, v. 47, p. 1229. (Dec. 20, 1913.)

Scott, Fred Newton. The Undefended Gate. English Journal, v. 3, p. 1.
(Jan. 1914.)

Bradford, Gamaliel. Journalism and Permanence. North American Review,
v. 202, pp. 239–241. (Aug. 1915.)

Henry James on Newspaper English. Current Literature, v. 39, p. 155.
(Aug. 1905.)

Boynton, H. W. The Literary Aspect of Journalism. Atlantic Monthly, v.
93, p. 845. (June, 1904.)

Perils of Punch. Nation, v. 100, p. 240. (March 4, 1915.)

Mr. Hardy and Our Headlines. World’s Work, v. 24, p. 385. (Aug. 1912.)

Lowes, J. L. Headline English. Nation, v. 96, p. 179. (Feb. 20, 1913.)

18. Newspapers and the Law

Schofield, Henry. Freedom of the Press in the United States. Papers
and Proceedings of the American Sociological Society, v. 9, p. 67.
1914.

Grasty, C. H. Reasonable Restrictions upon the Freedom of the Press
and Discussion. Papers and Proceedings of the American
Sociological Society, v. 9, p. 117. 1914.

White, Isaac D. The Clubber in Journalism, in Thorpe’s The Coming
Newspaper, pp. 81–90. 1915.

Bourne, Jonathan. The Newspaper Publicity Law. Review of Reviews, v.
47, p. 175. (Feb. 1913.)

Newspapers Opposing Publicity. Literary Digest, v. 45, p. 607. (Oct.
12, 1912.)

Smith, C. E. The Press: Its Liberty and License. Independent, v. 55,
p. 1371. (June 11, 1903.)

Gamer, J. W. Trial by Newspapers. Journal of Criminal Law, v. 1, p.
849. (Mar. 1911.)

Keedy, E. R. Third Degree and Trial by Newspapers. Journal of Criminal
Law, v. 3, p. 502. (Nov. 1912.)

Gilbert, S. Newspapers as Judiciary. American Journal of Sociology, v.
12, p. 289. (Nov. 1906.)

O’Hara, Barratt. State License for Newspaper Men, in Thorpe’s The
Coming Newspaper, pp. 148–161. 1915.

Lawrence, David. International Freedom of the Press Essential to a
Durable Peace. Annals of the American Academy, v. 72, p. 139.
(July 1917.)

19. The Country Newspaper

White, William Allen. The Country Newspaper. Harper’s Magazine, v.
132, p. 887. (May 1916.)

Tennal, Ralph. A Modern Type of Country Journalism, in Thorpe’s The
Coming Newspaper, pp. 112–147. 1915.

Bing, P. C. The Country Weekly. 1917.

20. Newspapers of the Future

Irwin, Will. The Voice of a Generation. Collier’s Weekly, v. 47, p.
15. (July 29, 1911.)

Low, A. Maurice. The Modern Newspaper as It Might Be. Yale Review, v.
2, p. 282. (Jan. 1913.)

Thorpe, Merle, _editor_. The Coming Newspaper, pp. 1–26. 1915.

Munsey, Frank A. Journalism of the Future. Munsey Magazine, v. 28, p.
662. (Feb. 1903.)

Ideal Newspaper. Current Literature, v. 48, p. 335. (March 1910.)

Murray, W. H. An Endowed Press. Arena, v. 2, p. 553. (Oct. 1890.)

Payne, W. M. An Endowed Newspaper, in Little Leaders, p. 178–185.
1902.

Endowed Journalism. Literary Digest, v. 45, p. 303. (Aug. 24, 1912.)

Holt, Hamilton. Plan for an Endowed Journal. Independent, v. 73, p.
299. (Aug. 12, 1912.)

Taking the Endowed Newspaper Seriously. Current Literature, v. 53, p.
311. (Sept. 1912.)

Municipal Newspaper, The. Independent, v. 71, p. 1342. (Dec. 14,
1911.)

Municipal Newspapers. Survey, v. 26, p. 720. (Aug. 19, 1911.)

Slosson, E. E. The Possibility of a University Newspaper. Independent,
v. 72, p. 351. (Feb. 15, 1912.)

NOTES ON THE WRITERS

ROLLO OGDEN became a member of the editorial staff of the _New York Evening Post_ in 1891, and has been editor of that paper since 1903. He edited the _Life and Letters of Edwin Lawrence Godkin_, published in 1907. His article on “Some Aspects of Journalism” was published in the _Atlantic Monthly_ for July, 1906.

OSWALD GARRISON VILLARD, whose article, entitled “Press Tendencies and Dangers,” appeared in the _Atlantic_ for January, 1918, is a son of the late Henry Villard, who owned the _New York Evening Post_ and the _Nation_, and a grandson of William Lloyd Garrison, the great emancipator and editor of the _Liberator_. He succeeded his father as president of the _New York Evening Post_ and of the _Nation_, to both of which he frequently contributes editorials and special articles.

FRANCIS E. LEUPP was actively engaged in newspaper work for thirty years, from the time that he joined the staff of the _New York Evening Post_ in 1874 until 1904. During half of that time, from 1889 to 1904, he was in charge of the Washington bureau of the _Post_. Since retiring from that position, he has been doing literary work. His article on “The Waning Power of the Press” was published in the _Atlantic_ for February, 1910.

H. L. MENCKEN was connected with Baltimore newspapers for nearly twenty years, part of the time as city editor and later as editor of the _Baltimore Herald_, and for the last twelve years as a member of the staff of the _Baltimore Sun_, from which he has recently severed his connection. He is now one of the editors of _Smart Set_. “Newspaper Morals” was printed in the _Atlantic_ for March, 1914.

RALPH PULITZER, who wrote his reply to Mr. Mencken’s article for the _Atlantic_ for June, 1914, is a son of the late Joseph Pulitzer of the _New York World_ and the _St. Louis Post-Dispatch_. He began newspaper work in 1900, and since 1911 has been president of the company that publishes the _World_. He takes an active part in the direction of the editorial and news policies of that paper.

PROFESSOR EDWARD A. ROSS has been an aggressive pioneer in the field of sociology in this country and has written many books on social problems. His study of the suppression of news, the results of which were published in the _Atlantic_ for March, 1910, grew out of his interest in the newspaper as a social force.

HENRY WATTERSON, who takes issue with Professor Ross in his article on “The Personal Equation in Journalism,” in the _Atlantic_ for July, 1910, is the last of the great editorial leaders of Civil War days. For half a century his trenchant editorial comments in the _Louisville Courier-Journal_, of which he has been the editor since 1868, have been reprinted in newspapers all over the country.

AN OBSERVER has seen much service as the Washington correspondent of an important newspaper. “The Problem of the Associated Press” was printed in the _Atlantic_ for July, 1914.

MELVILLE E. STONE, who defends the Associated Press, has been its general manager for twenty-five years. Previous to his connection with that organization he was associated with Victor F. Lawson in the establishment and development of the _Chicago Daily News_. He has written a number of articles on the work of the Associated Press.

“PARACELSUS” sketches briefly his own career in journalism in his “Confessions of a Provincial Editor,” published in the _Atlantic_ for March, 1902.

CHARLES MOREAU HARGER, as head of the department of journalism at the University of Kansas from 1905 to 1907, was one of the first college instructors of journalism in this country. At the same time he was editor of the _Abilene_ (Kan.) _Daily Reflector_, which he has published for thirty years. “The Country Editor of To-day” is taken from the _Atlantic_ for January, 1907, and “Journalism as a Career,” from that for February, 1911.

GEORGE W. ALGER, author of the article on “Sensational Journalism and the Law,” in the _Atlantic_ for February, 1903, has been engaged in the practice of law in New York City for many years. He has taken an active part in the framing of New York state laws protecting workers. Two books of his, _Moral Overstrain_, 1906, and _The Old Law and the New Order_, 1913, deal with the relation of the law to social, commercial, and industrial problems.

RICHARD WASHBURN CHILD, although a lawyer, is best known to the reading public as the author of novels and short stories, many of which have been published in magazines. His article on “The Critic and the Law” appeared in the _Atlantic_ for May, 1906.

CHARLES MINER THOMPSON, editor-in-chief of _Youth’s Companion_, has been a member of the staff of that periodical since 1890. Previous to that time he was literary editor of the _Boston Advertiser_. “Honest Literary Criticism” was published in the _Atlantic_ for August, 1908.

JAMES S. METCALFE has been dramatic editor of _Life_ for nearly thirty years. In 1915 he established the Metcalfe dramatic prize at Yale University, his alma mater. His article on “Dramatic Criticism in the American Press” appeared in the _Atlantic_ for April, 1918.

RALPH BERGENGREN has been cartoonist, art critic, dramatic critic, and editorial writer on various Boston newspapers, and is a frequent contributor to magazines. “The Humor of the Colored Supplement” is taken from the _Atlantic_ for August, 1906.

JAMES H. COLLINS, whose article on “The American Grub Street” appeared in the _Atlantic_ for November, 1906, is a New York publisher, best known as the writer of articles on business methods published in the _Saturday Evening Post_.

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OTHER ATLANTIC TEXTS
FOR THE PROGRESSIVE TEACHER

ESSAYS AND ESSAY WRITING

Edited, with Notes and Introduction, by WILLIAM M. TANNER

_University of Texas._

This book is a collection of about seventy-five short familiar essays selected from the Contributors’ Club of _The Atlantic Monthly_ and specially edited for use in advanced high school work, as well as in college English. The selections, of about one thousand words each, are classified under five types of the familiar essay, each type-group preceded by a concise statement of its distinguishing characteristics. An introduction, with suggestions for study, specific questions, and a list of 250 suggestive titles for original essays, renders the volume unusually valuable as a textbook for classes in composition.

It is the aim of _Essays and Essay Writing_ to encourage the student in discovering his own ideas and in expressing his thought in as clear, personal, fresh, vigorous, and correct style as he can develop. An attempt is made to assist both student and teacher to get away from the rather trite, impersonal composition, or ‘weekly theme’. Originality, clearness, simplicity, ease, and naturalness of expression are qualities emphasized throughout the book.

Among the titles included in the Table of Contents are essays on such everyday subjects as ‘The Saturday Night Bath’, ‘Furnace and I’, ‘The Daily Theme Eye’, ‘On Noses’, and others, which readers of _The Atlantic Monthly_ have particularly appreciated, and which both students and teachers have welcomed with new interest.

For advanced High School and College Classes.

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ATLANTIC NARRATIVES, First Series

Selected and Edited by CHARLES SWAIN THOMAS, A.M.

_Head of the English Department, Newton (Mass.) High School, and
Lecturer in the Harvard Summer School_

This book contains twenty-three short stories of unusual merit which have appeared in _The Atlantic Monthly_. Chosen for their high literary value and for their freshness, modernity, and human interest, these stories are typical of the best work of John Galsworthy, Dallas Lore Sharp, Henry Seidel Canby, Katharine Fullerton Gerould, E. Nesbit, Margaret Prescott Montague, and other leading writers of England and America.

Although a delightful book for the general reader, _Atlantic Narratives_ is published especially for use in college classes in English. In addition to acquainting students with the best in contemporary short stories, it will help them to compare and discuss intelligently the most eminent story-tellers, _not of yesterday, but of to-day_—the men and women who are _now_ writing for our better publications, and whose works must be included in any scheme of education in English which is not one-sided.

The volume contains a general introduction, including a suggestive discussion of the modern short story, critical comments upon each story, and brief biographical notes. The editor has aimed to make, not a ‘textbook’ containing short stories, but a book of short stories so good that it will be used as a text.

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ATLANTIC NARRATIVES, Second Series

_in preparation_

Similar to Atlantic Narratives First Series, but intended for the use of younger students, this collection of Atlantic short stories is selected and edited for secondary schools.

THE ATLANTIC CLASSICS SERIES

Although both series of ATLANTIC CLASSICS are intended primarily for the general reader, both are being used with success in classes in American literature. These collections of _Atlantic Monthly_ essays present the work of some of our best contemporary authors. The fact that these distinguished men and women are still writing, cannot fail to quicken the student’s interest both in them and in the essays as subjects of study.

ATLANTIC CLASSICS, First Series

The sixteen essays in this volume include among others: ‘Turtle Eggs for Agassiz’ by Dallas Lore Sharp; ‘A Father to his Freshman Son’ by Edward Sanford Martin, ‘Reminiscence with Postscript’ by Owen Wister, ‘The Provincial American’ by Meredith Nicholson, ‘The Street’ by Simson Strunsky, ‘A Confession in Prose’ by Walter Prichard Eaton, and ‘Our Lady Poverty’ by Agnes Repplier.

ATLANTIC CLASSICS, Second Series

Among the essays contained in this collection are ‘Every Man’s Natural Desire to be Somebody Else’ by Samuel McChord Crothers, ‘The Devil Baby at Hull House’ by Jane Addams, ‘The Greek Genius’ by John Jay Chapman, ‘Haunted Lives’ by Laura Spencer Portor, ‘Jungle Night’ by William Beebe, and others of equal interest to the general reader and to the young student.

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TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

1. Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling. 2. Archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings retained as printed. 3. Footnotes have been re-indexed using numbers. 4. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_.