Chapter XX: Logical Results

Of these we mention only the following:

_First._—Since the proofs of Christ’s Resurrection are incomparably greater than those of any other miracle, and its consequences are beyond conception more glorious, it is the part of wisdom to force the issue upon it. The decisive battle of the world in respect to the miraculous in Christianity is to be fought right here, and all other engagements are mere skirmishes. It is well it is so. Christ’s Resurrection is our Gibraltar. If we cannot hold this position, we cannot hold any. But we do hold it, and with it the whole field of controversy upon the subject. Let any one who doubts or denies the reality of miracles, meet the overwhelming proofs of this the greatest of all miracles. If he cannot do it, he should yield; and it is no dishonor to be vanquished by the truth. If, after examining these proofs, he still imagines that he can overcome them, he is beyond the reach of argument.

_Second._—As it is the central fact of Christianity, the keystone in the arch of the Christian Faith, those who reject it have no right to the Christian name. Strauss is so far to be commended that, when by his myths and sophistries he had brought himself to deny the one, he had the manliness not to appropriate the other. And of those of his fellows who still cling to it for its supposed advantages, he sarcastically says: “Reasons they may have, but reason they have none.” Chadwick, Hooykaas, Miln, Savage and others,[1] who talk of their “Church of the Future,” may well follow his example. If they refuse, there is as little sense as piety in a recognition, or _quasi_ recognition, of them as ministers of the Gospel, when at the best they are only popular lecturers to mere social or literary, if not infidel clubs, that choose to be called Churches or Religious Societies. This no doubt is distasteful to those who are looking for the time when all sects shall fraternize on a common level of skepticism and indifference. But if we have any colors we should stand by them. Fidelity to truth and to the Master requires a separation uncompromising and complete from all who deny Him. It is safe to be as tolerant as Jesus and his Apostles. (See John viii. 21; 2 Corinthians vi. 14, 15; Revelation i. 4, 5; 1 Corinthians xv. 16, 17, 18; 1 John ii. 12, 23; 1 Peter i. 3, 4; 2 Peter ii. 1, 2; Revelation ii. 6; Acts v. 30-33; Acts iv. 11, 12.)

_Third._—It authenticates his mission and vindicates his claims to the utmost. By it God affixed the seal of his approval, and evermore declares as by a voice from heaven, “This is my beloved Son in whom I am well pleased: hear ye Him.”

His teachings are no longer opinions to be accepted or rejected as they meet with our approval, but authoritative and final. They are not the speculations of sages and philosophers, either of olden or recent times, to be weighed in the balance of human reason, but everlasting truth to be received and obeyed without doubting or questioning.

Since Christ’s resurrection is assured, Webster well declared,[2] as every man in the exercise of right reason must, “I hold it my duty to believe, not what I can comprehend or account for, but what my Master teaches me.”

By this, of course, it is not intended that we are not to exercise our reason as to the genuineness of the teachings ascribed to him, or their proper meaning, or, in other words, as to textuality, inspiration, translation, and interpretation. In each of these departments there is and will be ample room for the greatest research, and the ripest scholarship. In respect to all these, is doubtless true now, as when spoken by Robinson, that, “The Lord has more truth yet to break forth out of his holy word.”

But when in a teachable spirit, we know what Jesus taught, it is the end of controversy.

_Fourth._—A necessary consequence from his Resurrection must be an undoubted assurance that we have the means of knowing what his teachings were, so far as they are essential to our guidance in this life and preparation for that which is to come. The very idea of a revelation is that it shall be so made known, that it can be understood, trusted in, and obeyed, by those to whom it is given, and for whom it is intended, so far at least, as shall be necessary for the regulation of their own conduct.

_Beyond this_, we cannot claim, as a logical result of Christ’s Resurrection, and do not now inquire. And we find that through all the years since our Lord’s ascension, while the church has had essential truth, and there has been substantial[3] agreement in different copies and versions, there have always been and still are, unsolved questions of genuineness, translation, interpretation, and inspiration. In respect to the last, Ingersoll’s demand[4] that if the writers of the Gospels were inspired there should be but one account, or, if more than one, there should be _no_ contradiction, is unwarrantable; and his own concession proves it. “As a rule,” he says, “where several persons testify to the same transaction, while agreeing in the main points they will disagree upon many minor things, and such disagreement upon minor matters is generally considered as evidence that the witnesses have not agreed among themselves upon the story they should tell. These differences in statement are accounted for from the facts that all did not see alike, and that all did not have the same opportunity for seeing, and that all had not equally good memories. But when we claim that the witnesses were inspired, we admit that he who inspired them did know exactly what occurred, and consequently there should be no contradiction in the minutest detail.” This is very poor logic. For although “He who inspired” did know exactly what occurred, there may have been the best of reasons for not inspiring a full record of all that occurred, or an exact record in all respects of what is recorded; and it must be presumed that such an inspiration would be given as would be most conducive to the end in view. And a like answer disposes of his confident assertion, that “_one_ inspired record of all that happened ought to be enough.” _He_ would have Divine wisdom sacrifice everything else for the sake of uniformity and precise accuracy in incidental and immaterial matters. In other words he would tithe “mint and anise and cummin,” at the expense of “weightier matters.” The Gospels were separately written at different times, according to the needs in the first instance of the particular classes for which they were immediately intended, and ultimately for the wants of the whole world. Each by itself was as complete and accurate as it was best it should be; and the whole taken together are as full and exact, as it is best they should be. And looking beyond the particular classes to whom they were first given, to all generations and peoples, it was of supreme importance that they should be _believed_; and in order to this, that they should be so written as not to carry suspicion of collusion or fabrication upon their face. Mr. Ingersoll knows that the testimony of four witnesses agreeing in the main points, while differing in minor matters, is more satisfactory than the testimony of one. If there were nothing to be counted but numbers, the evidence would be four times as strong. It is more than four times as strong. For, as Mr. Starkie says,[5] and every lawyer knows, “The credibility of testimony frequently depends upon the exercise of reason, on the effect of _coincidences in testimony_, which, if collusion be excluded, cannot be accounted for but upon the supposition that the testimony of concurring witnesses is true; so much so that their individual character for veracity is frequently but of secondary importance.” But to have this effect it is _indispensable_ that _collusion_ be excluded. And it is of vastly greater consequence that we be certain that we have (as it is conceded we have) independent accounts of the crucifixion than it is, for instance, that the inscriptions over the cross as given by the four Evangelists should precisely agree, or that either should have been the exact words that were written. In fact, while they all agree that the accusation was “_The King of the Jews_” (which is all that is material), no two of them agree with each other. But as Professor Greenleaf says, no greater certainty is called for. “The same[6] verbal exactness is not necessary in historians whose aim is religious instruction, as in recorders of public inscriptions.”

If but one account, there would be the absence of that personality and variety, which we now have, and more especially the want of that conclusive proof which comes from independent witnesses.

If the Gospels had been written as Mr. Ingersoll says they should have been if inspired, the objections against them, if not insurmountable, would have been tenfold stronger. And why should not Divine wisdom so inspire as to secure the best possible results? And although two of the writers were Apostles, and to the Apostles was the Holy Spirit given to teach them “all things,” and bring to their remembrance “all things” which Jesus had said unto them (John xiv. 26), this does not necessarily imply an exact transmission of all the words spoken. Regard should be had to the substance of things in this, as in other matters, and not to mere verbal accuracy, except in those rare cases in which it is important to know the precise language used.

It may safely be affirmed that there is _no_ discrepancy in relation to any essential fact, or important doctrine or duty. And it is just this degree of certainty and accuracy, that we should expect from our Lord’s true Messiahship as proved by his Resurrection.

_Fifth_.—By it, we know that he had power to impart to his Apostles to whom he entrusted the establishment of his church, and to Paul whom he especially selected as an Apostle to the Gentiles, inspiration and the gift of miracles. As the Father sent him into the world, even so he sent them into the world (John xviii. 18); and what things soever they should bind, or loose, on earth, should be bound or loosed in heaven (Luke xxi. 14-16). Miracles were attestations of their Apostleship, “God also bearing witness with them, both by signs and wonders, and by manifold powers and by gifts of the Holy Ghost, according to his own will.” (Hebrews ii. 4.)

With the writings of John the volume of inspiration was complete. If any miracles were wrought after his time (which is questioned by many[7]), there are none sufficiently authenticated to be of any evidential value to us.

But there is in every true Church, and will be to the end of time, what is of greater importance than the working of miracles, the convicting and transforming power of the Holy Ghost; and any community, by whatever name it may be called, that has not this attestation is not a true Church of the Lord Jesus Christ. The promise of the Comforter who shall “convict the world of sin and of righteousness and of judgment;” and “Lo! I am with you alway, even unto the end of the world,” are as immutable as the throne of God.

If the Gospel had been only a “civilization,” as Mr. Chadwick terms it, it had never been known outside of Judea. It is because it is the “wisdom of God, and the power of God unto salvation to every one that believeth,” that it has gained its marvellous victories, overturning Pagan Rome, and in these later days transforming even Madagascar, the Sandwich Islands, and the cannibals[8] of the Fiji Islands into Christian communities.

_Sixth_.—In our conception of Jesus as our Saviour, we should not separate his death from his resurrection and ascension. If he died for our sins, he rose again for our justification. He is now exalted as a Prince and a Saviour at the right hand of the Father, to give repentance and the remission of sins. United to him by faith, and changed into his image, our resurrection is assured by his, and because he lives we shall live also. As oft as we “eat this bread and drink this cup,” we do show forth his death TILL HE COME. “Henceforth,” (said[9] the great Apostle) “there is laid up for me the crown of righteousness which the Lord, the righteous judge, shall give to me at that day, and not only to me, _but also to all them that leave loved his appearing_.” “And[10] the Spirit and the Bride say, Come; and he that heareth let him say, Come; and he that is athirst let him come; he that will, let him take the water of Life freely.”

[1] It is one of the marvels of sin and shows the effrontery of Satan, that Hooykaas, who is about as rank an infidel as Strauss himself, should be pastor at Rotterdam, a Doctor of Divinity, and entitle his book, which laboriously excludes everything miraculous or supernatural in relation to Jesus, “The Bible for Learners.” Mr. Chadwick, while admitting that he is not a Christian in the original sense of the word, argues against Strauss (with whom he agrees in sentiment) the right to apply the term to himself, but meaning by it only “a stream of tendency,” “freedom, progress and civilization.” “It may be,” he says, “that some of you conceive that my definition of Christianity does worse than include those who are at pains to prove themselves not Christians. It includes the dangerous classes of society; it includes the men of vice and crime. There is no doubt of it.” (See _Free Religious Index_ for March 17, 1881, March 24, 1881, and March 31, 1881.) Mr. Miln recently _preached a sermon_ upon “The Church of the Future,” from which he said all speculative beliefs as a condition of membership will be excluded, even the belief in a personal Deity. (See _Index_ for February 23, 1882.) He does not believe in prayer other than communion with himself. (See _New York Observer_ of February 23, 1882.) If Mr. Savage has not yet gone as far, he stops but little short of it.

[2] So expressed in a creed drawn up by him in 1807. (See _Congregationalist_ of February 15, 1882.) A copy of this creed was read at the centennial anniversary of his birth (January 18, 1882) by the Congregational Church of Salisbury, New Hampshire. He joined this church on profession of faith September 13, 1807, and never removed his connection. (See _New Hampshire Journal_ of January 28, 1882.)

[3] See chap. xiii. p. 67, _ante_.

[4] In the _North American Review_ for August, 1881, p. 118.

[5] Starkie on Evidence, Vol. II., Sec. 10, and note upon Hume.

[6] Greenleaf’s Testimony of the Evangelists, p. 478.

[7] History of God’s Church, by Enoch Pond, D.D., p. 606. And as to Judge Waite’s “many cases of resurrection from the dead, handed down in the ancient mythologies” and by heathen writers, it will be soon enough to notice them whenever there shall be a serious attempt to run a parallel between the evidence in support of them, and that which proves the resurrection of our Lord. And so of the whole swarm of lying wonders, whether found in heathen writers, the Apocryphal Gospels, or exhibited by modern conjurors or spiritualists,—senseless, frivolous, for no worthy object, and, beyond the mystery accompanying them, supported by no reasonable proof. Our Saviour told his disciples “beforehand” that “there shall arise false Christs and false prophets, and shall show great signs and wonders, so as to lead astray, if possible, even the elect.” (Matthew xxiv. 24.) Paul told Timothy that “the Spirit saith expressly that in later times some shall fall away from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits and doctrines of demons, through the hypocrisies of men that speak lies, branded in their own conscience as with a hot iron.” (1 Timothy iv. 1, 2.) This will be strange to any modern Sadducee who believes there is “neither angel nor Spirit,” but the Christian will do well to give heed.

[8] Within the last thirty years, through the labors of English Wesleyan missionaries, there has been an entire moral renovation of cannibals, once revelling and rioting in every excess of atrocity and bestial shame. Now there are nine thousand churches and thousands of communicants, fourteen thousand schools and nearly fifty thousand scholars: and out of a population of about one hundred and twenty thousand, over one hundred thousand are reckoned as regular attendants at the churches. Cannibalism has been voluntarily abandoned, save by a single tribe, in eighty inhabited islands: idolatry has been abjured, and all traces of it swept away. And to-day a gentle and refined English woman, as Miss Gordon-Cumming in her book, At Home in Fiji, testifies, can travel these islands alone, mingling with the people, rambling through their villages, sleeping in their huts and eating at their tables, with none to molest her or make her afraid. (See Rev. Edward Abbott, in _Congregationalist_ of February 15, 1882.)

[9] 2 Timothy iv. 8.

[10] Revelation xxii. 17.

INDEX A.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO SUBJECTS AND ANCIENT AUTHORS AND WRITINGS.

Absence of the body of Jesus. See Empty Tomb.

Acts and Luke, have one author, 9, 77.

Acts, quoted from, by Justin, 23, 24, 26.
when written, 79.

Acts of Peter and Paul (Apocryphal), 37, 38.

Acts of Pilate (Apocryphal), 34, 35, 36, 41, note 5.

Admissions and Presumptions, 9, 12, 13, 22, 43.
See, also, Renan, Strauss, Waite.

After-thought, Resurrection is not an, 6, 86.

Aged disciples, 55, 57, 59, 60, 62, note 4.

Agrippa Castor, testimony of, 45.

Alexandrian Codex, 70, 71, 73, note 10.

Alogi, 47, 48, 53, 60, with 62, note 5.

Ambrose, 48, note 5.

Ancient Deeds and Records, are evidence, 58, 59, 64, 65.

Andrew, the Apostle, 14.

Angels, as porters, 124.
at the Sepulchre, 104, 106, 118, 127, 130.

Announcement, to Mary, 25, 35, 41, note 3.

Antoninus, 10, 18.

Apelles, testimony of, 45.

Apocalypse, authorship of, 12, 48, 80, note 4, 88, note 3.
Quotations from, 32, 81, 82.

Apocryphal Gospels, 34-42, 140, note 7.
Justin did not use, 34-42.

Apologies of Justin Martyr, 18-67.
dates of, 5, 10, 11, note 3, 18, 57, 58, 61, note 1.

Apollinaris, testimony of, 27, 29, note 3, 45.

Apostles, sincerity of, 74, 78, 86, 114.

Apostleship, requisite for, 116, 119, note 14.

Appearances, of the Risen Lord, 7, 81-89, 105-109, 115-126.
corporeal and material, 26, 66, 85, 107, 114, 122-124, 132, note 5.
Jerusalem, 105-108, 115, 121.
none such after Ascension, 126,
on the mountain, 85, 87, 107, 108, 109, note 10, 121.
Paul’s enumeration of, 85, 87, 107, 108, 125, 133, note 7.
sea of Galilee, 108, 121, 125.
to James, 87, 108, 121.
to Mary Magdalene, 105, 106, 116, 117, 121, 123.
to Peter, 85, 87, 107, 123.
to the Eleven, 85, 87, 107, 108, 109, note 10, 113, 121.
to the five hundred, 85, 87, 108, 109, note 10, 121, 125.
to the two disciples, 106, 107, 116, 118, 121, 123, 124.
to the women, 106, 109, notes 5 and 7, 115, 116, 118, 121, 123,
125.
to Thomas, 107, 108.
why not to Sanhedrim, 110, 122.

Appearance, to Paul, 130, 131.
in the Apocalypse, 130.
to Stephen, 126, 130.

Aretus, the King, 83.

Aristion, 14, 16, note 1.

Ascending the Stream, 50-66.

Ascension, change at, 108, 124.
Luke’s, account of, 125.

Athenagoras, testimony of, 45, 47, 51.

Authority of Jesus, vindicated, 135.

Authorship of Acts, 9, 46, 77.
of Apocalypse, 12, 32, 48, 88, note 3.
of the Fourth Gospel. See same.

Barnabas and Titus, 10, 53, 83.

Barnabas, Epistle of, 10, 23, 53.
Date of, 10, 67, 72, note 1.
Quotes Matthew as Scripture, 22, note 4.
Uses the Fourth Gospel, 23, 26.

Bar-Salibi, on Tatian, 47.

Bartholomew, 54.

Basilides, used the Fourth Gospel, 10, 11, note 4, 27, 28, 45.
time of, 10, 28, 34.

Begging the question, 7.

Best evidence, what is, 10.

Blasphemy, or a true Resurrection, 129.

Bodily senses may be trusted, 124, 125.

Brethren of Jesus, 39.

Burial of Jesus, certainty of, 102, 103, 109, note 2.

Cæsarea Philippi, 91.

Caius, of Rome, testimony of, 51.

Canon of Muratori, see Muratori Canon.

Cappadocia and Pontus to Gaul, 9, 50.

Cave, birth of Jesus in, 35, 36, 41, note 4.

Celsus, first Heathen writer against Christianity, 45-48, 110.
Date of his writing, 46, 48, note 6.
Quoted our Gospels, 45, 46, 47.
Theory of, 81, 88, note 1.
Makes no reference to Cyrenius, 79, note 1.

Census in Judea, 36, 41, note 8, 42, 79, note 1.

Central Fact of Christianity, 134.

Central Truths of the Gospel, 129.

Cerinthians, 37.

Cerinthus and John, 48, 66, note 3. time of, 66, note 3.

Certainty in courts, 99.

Children of Joseph, 39.

Christian Era, true date of, 11, note 3, 12, 61, note 1.

Christianity, supposed extinction of, 70.
not a mere civilization, 139.

Chronology of the Gospels, 76, 77, 80, note 5.

Church at Lyons, 45.

Church at Vienne, 45.
of Rome to Corinth, 10. See Clement of Rome.

“Church of the future,” 134, 140, note 1.

Chuza, Herod’s Steward, 109, note 5.

Chrysostom, 48, note 5.

Citations by Justin and others, 23-40.

Claudius Apollinaris, testimony of, 45, 51.

Clement of Alexandria, 45, 46, 51, 53, 54, 56, 68, 72, note 3.

Clementine Homilies, 45.

Clement of Rome, 10, 15, 59, 60, 66, note 1, 72, note 2.
date of his Epistle, 10.
quotations in, 23, 32, 66, note 1, 72, note 2.
upon the Resurrection, 66, note 1, 67.

Cleopas and Luke, 106.

Cock-crowing, 97, 100, note 4.

Codex, Alexandrian, 70, 71, 73, note 10.
Sinaitic, 70, 71, 73, note 10, 109, note 7.
Vatican, 70, 71, 73, note 10, 109, note 7.

Commentaries and Harmonies, 45, 47.

Coming of Christ, 81, 126, 139.

Coming out of the tombs, 130, 133, note 13.

Confucius, 12.

Constantine, 70.

Copies, multiplication of, 69, 70.

Coptic Version, 69.

Corporeal Resurrection, 26, 66, note 1, 67, 85, 122, 123, 124, 132,
notes 4, 5.

Corinthian church, 10. See Clement of Rome.

Corinthians, Epistles to,
conceded to be genuine, 12, 86.
quotations from, 16, 17, 18, note 3, 31, 32, 81-87.
upon the Resurrection, 81-87.
when written, 79, 82, 88, note 2.

Corpus Juris Civilis (Body of the Civil Law), 72.

Credibility of the Evangelists, 74-81, 99, 101, 108, 114, 122, 124,
125, 131, 132, 136, 138.
Of witnesses, tests of, 75, 77, 78, 99, 124, 131, 132, 136, 137.

Cross, inscription upon, 138.

Crucifixion of Jesus—conceded, 12, 101.
differing accounts of, 101, 125.

Crucifixion of Jesus, surrounding circumstances, 130, 133, notes 13,
14.

Cursive manuscripts, 73, note 10.

Cyrenius, taxing under, 36, 41, note 8, 79, note 1.

Damascus, Paul at, 82, 83.

Darkness over the land, 130, 133, note 14.

Day, how reckoned, 90, 100, notes 2, 3.

Death of Jesus, certainty of, 101, 102, 103, 114, 117.

Denial of Peter, predicted, 97, 98.

Destruction of copies, 73, note 9.
of Jerusalem, 79.

Diatessaron of Tatian, 45, 47.

Diocletian, 70.

Diognetus, letter to, 10, 23, 27.

Dionysius of Corinth, 51.

Disagreement of witnesses against Jesus, 89.

Docetæ, 38.

Domitian, persecutions under, 11.

Earlier writings, use of in Gospels, 78.

Ebionites, 37, 39.

Elders or Presbyters, testimony of, 17, note 3, 55, 60, 80, note 2.

Elijah’s ascension, 124.
His coming, 92.

Emmaus, locality of, 107, 109, note 9.
journey to, 106, 107, 121.
was late in the day, 106, 107.

Empty Tomb, must be accounted for, 104, 106, 116, 118, 119, note 18,
120, 132, note 2.

Ephesus, tombs at, 14.

Ephræm (the Syrian Father), 47.

Epistles, that are conceded, 12, 84.
quotations from, 31, 32, 81-87.
when written, 79, 82, 85.

Epistle of John, 9, 15, 123.

Epistles of Paul, 12, 31, 32, 79, 81-87.

Errors in copying, 71, 72.
of witnesses. See Credibility.

Eusebius, fifty copies by, 70.
on different subjects, 14, 15, 16, note 2, 37, 38, 53, 70, 88,
note 3.

Evidence, rules of, 9, 13, 22, 43, 77, 78, 124, 131, 136, 138.

Experience, reasoning from, 12, 43, 112, 124.

False Assumptions, corrected, 110-117.

Fifty copies by Eusebius, 70.

Fire in the Jordan, 37.

Flesh, implies blood, 123.

Flight into Egypt, 78.

Forgery of John’s Gospel, absurdity of, 52, 60, 64.

Fourth Gospel, early use of, by or in,
Agrippa, Castor, 45.
Alogi, 47, 48, 53, 60, with 62, note 5.
Apelles, 45.
Apollinaris, 27, 29, note 3, 45.
Athenagoras, 45, 47.
Barnabas, 23, 26.
Basilides, 10, 11, note 4, 27, 28, 45.
Caius, of Rome, 51.
Canon of Muratori, 45, 48, note 5, 53, 56.
Celsus, 45, 46, 47, 48, note 6.
Church of Lyons and Vienne, 45.
Claudius Apollinaris, 45, 51.
Clement of Alexandria, 45, 46, 51, 54, 56, 68, 72, note 3.
Clementine Homilies, 45.
Commentaries and Harmonies, 45, 46, 47, 53.
Coptic Version, 45, 69.
Diatessaron of Tatian, 45, 47.
Diognetus, 23, 27.
Dionysius of Corinth, 51.
Elders at Ephesus, 55.
Hegesippus, 51.
Heracleon, 45, 47, 49, note 8.
Hermas, 23, 27, 51.
Hippolytus, 27, 28.
Irenæus, 45, 51, 55, 56, 72, note 3.
Justin Martyr, 23, 30, 31, 34-67.
Leonides, 51.
Melito of Sardis, 45.
Muratori Canon, 45, 48, note 5, 53, 56.
Origen, 39, 45, 51, 54, 56, 72, note 3.
Pantænus, 45, 51, 54, 55, 56.
Papias, 15, 16, note 3, 23, 27, 33.
Polycarp, 45, 51, 55, 56.
Polycrates, 51.
Pothinus, 51, 55, 56.
Serapion, 38, 39, 45, 51, 56.
Tatian, 45, 47.
Tertullian, 45, 51, 54, 55, 56, 72, note 3.
Theophilus of Antioch, 45, 46, 47, 51, 53, 56.
Translations, 45, 51, 69, 70.
Valentinus, 45, 47.
Victor of Rome, 51.

Galatians, conceded genuineness of, 12.
evidential value of, 82-87.
quotations from, 32, 80-87.
when written, 79, 82, 88, note 2.

Galicinium or cock-crowing, 97, 100, note 4.

Galilee, appearances, 85, 87, 107, 108, 115, 121, 125, 133, note 7.
meeting in, 97, 104, 108, 109, note 10.
predictions of His death, 93 to 100.

Gelasius, Decree of Canonicity, 34.

Genuineness of Canonical Gospels, 67-73.
legal presumption of, 13, 22, 43, 63, 64, 65.
See, also, Credibility, Memoirs.

Gnostic Heretics, 10, 45, 51.

Good Shepherd, 93, 94.

Going up to Jerusalem, 94.

Gospel of Nicodemus (Apocryphal), 35, 36.

Gospel of Hebrews (Apocryphal), 35, 37, 40, 42.

Grand motive for Resurrection of Christ, 111, 129, 130.

Grave clothes, evidence from, 105, 109, note 6, 119, note 18.

Greek Classics, manuscripts of, 71, 73, note 11.

Greek and Roman historians, 9, 10, 11, 130, with 133, note 14.

Greeks, interview of, with Jesus, 95.

Guard of soldiers, 103, 104, 109, notes 3 and 4, 124.

Hades not the grave, 115.

Hebrew, Matthew written in, 15, 37.

Hebrews, (Apocryphal), Gospel of, 35, 37, 40, 42, note 10.

Hegesippus, testimony of, 51.

Heracleon, testimony of, 45, 47, 49, note 8.

Heretics, testimony of, 45, 47, 51.

Hermas, authorship of, 10, 18, 48, note 5, 52, 53.
citations in, 27.
date of, 10, 48, note 5.
used John’s Gospel, 23, 27.

Hermas, Bishop of Rome, 48, note 5.

Hippolytus, 27, 68.

Historical difficulties, 65, 67, 68, 79, note 1.
See, also, Credibility.

Historical facts, how proved, 9, 131.
See, also, Legal Presumption.

Ignatius, Epistles of, 10, 28.

Inspiration, extent of, 75, 132, 136.

Irenæus, testimony of, 14, 16, note 3, 45, 55, 56, 66, note 3, 72,
note 3.
on Papias, 14, 15, 16, note 3, 27.
on Presbyters, 16, note 3, 27.
to John’s Gospel, 45, 51, 55, 56.

Integrity of the Gospels, 67.

Intervals between appearances, 121, 122.

James, appearance to, 87, 108, 121.

James, the Apostle, 14, 83, 85.

James, the Lord’s brother, 83, 85.

Jairus’ daughter, 110.

Jerome’s translation, 37.
testimony of, 45.

Jerusalem, appearances at, 105-108, 115, 121.

Jewish Sabbath, displaced by Lord’s Day, 81, 82.

Jewish Passover, displaced by Lord’s Supper, 81, 82.

Joanna, wife of Chuza, 109, note 5.

John and Cerinthus, 66, note 3.

John, the Apostle, 14, 15, 102, and _passim_.
at the Cross, 115.
at the Sepulchre, 105, 106, 120.
time of his death, 15, 56, 57, 58, 64, 66, note 3.
See Apocalypse and Fourth Gospel.

John, the Baptist, 92.

John, the Presbyter, 13, 14, 15, 17, note 3, 21, 88, note 3.

John’s Epistle, 9, 15, 123.

John’s Gospel, character of, 75, 76, 78.
See Fourth Gospel.

Josephus, testimony from, 12.
compared with Luke, 77, 78.
silence of, no proof, 77, 78, 130.
when born, 130.

Joseph of Arimathea, 90, 103, 122.

Justin Martyr’s writings, 14.
birth, character and martyrdom, 14, 18, 36, 51, 61, note 1.

Justin Martyr, on the Apocalypse, 80, note 4, 88, note 3.
does not quote Epistles, 31, 32, 33.
on Cyrenius, 79, note 1.
on guard of soldiers, 104, 109, note 4.
used the Fourth Gospel, 30-67.

Justin’s Apologies. See Apologies, etc., and Memoirs Intended, by
Justin.

Lactantius, time of, 37.

Lapse of time as evidence, 13, 22, 64, 65.

Latin Version, 69.

Law, the Resurrection conformable to, 111, 112.

Lawyers should investigate, preface and 131.

Laying down His life, 93, 94.

Legal presumptions,
of genuineness, 13, 22, 43, 67.
of permanency, 13, 22, 43, 50, 59, 62, note 3.
of rightfulness, 13, 22, 43, 65, 66.

Leonides the martyr, 51, 54.

Lifting up the Serpent, 30, 89, 90, 129.

Lineage of David, 36, 42, note 9.

Literal Resurrection, 66, note 1, 85, 112, 123, 124, 132, note 5.

Logical Results of the Resurrection, 134.

Lord’s Day, evidential value of, 81, 82.
displaced the Jewish Sabbath, 81, 82.

Lord’s Supper, evidential value of, 81, 82, 96, 97, 102, 129.
displaced the Passover, 81, 82.

Lost Tributaries, 9, 67.

Lucius, time of, 61, note 1.

Luke’s qualifications as a witness, 21, 45, 57, 77, 78.
compared with Josephus, 77, 78.
was a companion of Paul, 21, 45.

Luke’s Gospel, character of, 9, 48, note 5, 76, 77, 78.
was mutilated by Marcion, 38, 45, 54, 68, 69, 72, note 7.
quotations from, by Justin, 25, 26, 33. See Memoirs, etc.

Lyons and Vienne, 45.

Manuscript copies of Gospels, 69, 70, 71, 72.

Marcion, time of, 61, note 1, 68.
“Wolf of Pontus,” 38, 61, note 1, 69, 72, note 7.

Marcion’s Gospel, date of, 68.
an abridgment of Luke’s, 38, 45, 54, 68, 69, 72, note 7.
proves genuineness of Luke, 45, 68, 69.

Mark as Peter’s interpreter, 15, 21, 38, 39, 45, 46, 57, 61, 76.
character of his Gospel, 76, 77.
See Memoirs, etc.

Material Resurrection, 26, 66, note 1, 85, 122, 123, 124, 132, note 5.

Martha and Lazarus, 94.

Matthew’s qualifications, 14, 15, 75, 103.
character of his Gospel, 15, 37, 76 to 78, 80, note 6.
first in Hebrew, 15, 37.
See Memoirs, etc.

Mary Magdalen, not mentioned by Paul, 116.
at the Sepulchre, 104, 105.
beholds the Risen Lord, 105, 106, 117, 121, 123.
but disciples incredulous, 105, 106, 116.
Renan’s empty boast, 116, 119, note 12.

Mary the Mother of James, 109, note 5.

Maximian, 70.

Melito of Sardis, testimony of, 45, 51.

Memoirs Intended by Justin, 18, 34, 45, 50-67.
of the year one hundred and eighty, 45, 64.
no others proved, 34, 64.
no others substituted, 50 to 57, 64.
summary of evidence, 63, 64.
were Our Gospels, 18 to 67.

Miracles, cessation of, 139, 140, note 7.
are not impossible, 7, 65, 111, 118, note 2, 3.
conformable to law, 111, 112.
gift of, to the Apostles, 138, 139.
grand motive for, 111, 129, 130.
may be proved, 8, 111, 112, 113, 118, note 2, 3.

Mythological resurrections, 140, note 7.

Moral necessity of Christ’s Resurrection, 128, 129.

Multiplication of copies, insures correctness, 69, 70, 71.

Muratori Canon, date of, 48, note 5.
where found, 48, note 5.
what it is, 45, 48, note 5, 53, 56.

Myths and Legends, disproved, 86, 87, 88.

Nazarenes, 37.

Nero’s Persecution, 9, 11.

Nicodemus, 31, 52, 89, 90, 103, 122.

Nicomedia, Persecution at, 73, note 9.

Omission is not Contradiction, 16, 16, note 3, 32, 36, 67, 77, 124,
125.

Opening of prison doors, 124.

Order of Events, 101.

Origen, 39, 45, 47, 49, 51, 54, 56, 72, note 3, 122, 132, note 4.
against Celsus, 47, 49, 132, note 4.
against “Peter’s Gospel,” 39, 45.
on genuineness of Our Gospels, 45, 54, 72, note 3.
on Resurrection Body, 122, 132, note 4.

Pagan Nations, Christianized, 9, 10, 12, 13, 139, 141, note 8.

Pagan Persecutions. See Ten Persecutions.

Pantænus, testimony of, 45, 51, 53, 54, 56.

Papias, character and martyrdom, 14, 15.

Papias, fragments of his writings, 10, 14, and note 3 on pp. 16-17,
37.
on Mark’s Gospel, 14, 15, 37, 56.
on Matthew’s Gospel, 14, 15, 37, 56.
probably used John’s Gospel, 15, 16, note 3, 33.

Passover and the Lord’s Supper, 81, 82.

Passover week, 115.

Pastor Hermas, see Hermas.

Part of a day for the whole, 90, 100, notes 2, 3.

Paul’s conversion, date of, 83, 88, note 2.
testimony to the Resurrection, 81 to 87.
visits to Jerusalem, 82, 83.

Paul’s conceded Epistles, 12, 67, 84, 86.
when written, 79, 82, 85, 88, note 2.
their great value as evidence of Christ’s Resurrection, 12, 81 to
88.

Peter’s change of character, 127, 128.
at the tomb, 104, 105.
charge to, 108.
denial, 97, 98.
rebuked, 92, 97.
See Appearances.

Peter’s Gospel (Apocryphal), 20, with 22, note 2, 38, 39, 40, 42,
note 14, 45, with 48, note 1, 62, note 6.

Philip, the Apostle, 14.

Philippians, Epistle to, 12.

Physical cause of Christ’s death, 102, 108, note 1.

Pilate, assured of Christ’s death, 103, 114.

Pliny’s Letter to Trojan, 9, 12, 59.

Ploughs and Yokes, 35.

Polycarp, testimony of, 10, 23, 33, 45, 51, 55, 56.
his Epistle, 10, 33.
his martyrdom, 55.

Polycrates, Bishop of Ephesus, 51.

Positive and Negative Evidence, 32, 36, 67, 77, 124, 125.

Pothinus, testimony of, 51, 55, 56.

Preaching of the Resurrection,
as early as Day of Pentecost, 83, 84, 101.
disproves Myths or Legends, 85, 86.
must be accounted for, 113, 114.
theories upon, 113, 114.

Preaching of Paul, (Apocryphal,) 37.

Predictions of His Death and Resurrection,
by Himself, 89 to 97, 102, 128, 129.
by the Prophets, 127, 128.
why not understood, 100.
their great force as evidence, 102.

Preface, 5.

Presumptions, see Legal Presumption.

Presentation at the Temple, 78.

Previous Resurrections, 116, 117.

Proclamation of the Resurrection. See Preaching, etc.

Proof of the Resurrection possible, 111, 112.
and sufficient, 115 to 133.

Prophecies of the Resurrection. See Predictions, etc.

Protevangelium (Apocryphal), 34 to 42.

Public Ministry, termination of, 76, 80, note 5, 96.

Quotations in the Second Century,
from Old Testament, not exact, 24, 31.
from Gospels, not exact, 23, 24, 31, 47.
name of writer not given in quoting, before Theophilus, 45, 46, 47,
53, 56, 67.
See Barnabas, Clement, Hermas.

Quotations by Justin Martyr,
from Acts, 23, 24, 33.
from John, 23, 30, 31, 32.
from Luke, 23 to 27, 33.
from Mark, 23, 24, 32.
from Matthew, 23, 24, 33.

Quotations, by Irenæus, 45, 51, 55, 56.
by Origen, 45, 72, note 3.
by Papias, 15, 16, note 3.
by Presbyters, 16, note 3.
by Theophilus, 45, 46, 47, 51, 53, 56.
by Tertullian, 38, 45, 54, 55, 68, 69, 72, note 3.

Relation of Gospel to Epistles, 87, 88.

Reminiscences, and not connected Histories, 77.

Rending the Veil, 130.

Repositories for the Gospel, 63, 64.

Resurrection of Jesus Christ, antecedently probable, 128, 129.
sufficiently proved, 112 to 133.

Resurrection Body, 26, 66, note 1, 67, 85, 122, 123, 124, 132, notes
4, 5.

Revelations, generally conceded, 12, 88, note 3.
quotations from, 32, 81, 82.
style differs from Gospel, 76, 80, note 4.
sufficiently accounted for, 76, 80, note 4.

Revised Version, 72, 100, note 1, 109, note 7.

Roman Civil Law, text of, 72, 73, note 13.

Romans, Epistle to, conceded, 12.
quotations from, 31, 32, 81 to 87.
when written, 79, 82.

Salome, 109, note 5.

Sanhedrim, 82, 98, 101, 103, 109, note 3, 110, 113, 120, 122.

Saturn-day, Sunday, 19.

Septuagint, 19.

Serapion, testimony of, 38, 39, 45, 51, 56.

Severus, persecution under, 10.

Slaying of the children, 78.

Shepherds, visit of, 78.

Sinaitic Codex, 70, 71, 73, note 10, 109, note 7.

Sincerity of the witnesses conceded, 74, 86, 87, 114.

Sign of Jonah, 90, 100, notes 2, 3.
of temple of his body, 89.
of Brazen Serpent, 89, 90, 129.

Silence not contradiction, 16, 16, note 3, 32, 36, 67, 77, 124, 125.

Socrates, 12.

Soldiers’, fabrication, 103, 104, 109, note 4, 124.

Sources of Evidence, 7 to 10.

Spear of the Soldier, 102, 114.

Stephen’s vision of Christ, 126, 130.

Substitution of Gospels, disproved, 50 to 67.

Sufficiency of the Proofs, 110 to 130, 132, 137, 138.

Superscription on the Cross, 138, 140, note 6.

Suppression of Evidence, 115.

Survival of the fittest, 13.

Sybilline writings, 37.

Synoptics, meaning of, 76, 80, note 3.

Syria and Cilicia, 83.

Syriac Version, 69.

Tabernacle predictions, 93.

Tacitus, the Historian, 9, 12.

Tatian, the Heretic, 45, 47, 48. See Diatessaron.

Ten Persecutions, 11.

Tertullian, the distinguished Lawyer, 38, 45, 53, 54, 55, 56, 60, 68,
72, note 3.

Theophilus of Antioch, 45, 46, 47, 51, 53, 56.

Theophilus of Antioch, quoted John by name, 46, 51, 53.

Theophilus, the friend of Luke, 77.

Thessalonians, Epistles to, 12.

Thomas the Apostle, 14.

Tiberias, appearances at, 108, 121, 125, 133, note 7.

Time, how reckoned by the Jews, 90, 100, note 3.

Titus and Barnabas, 83. See Barnabas.

Toleration, rule for, 135.

Tombs, at Ephesus, 14.

Tradition, 9, 53, 54, 66, 67, 68.

Trajan, persecution under, 9, 10, 12, 59.

Transfiguration, 92, 123.

Translations, 69, 70.

Trypho the Jew, 18, 19, 20, 21, 104, 109, note 4.
See Justin Martyr.

Uncial manuscripts, 73, note 10.

Unity of Gospels, 79.

Usages in Justin’s time, 19.

Valentinus, evidence from, 45, 47.

Vatican Codex, 70, 71, 73, note 10, 109, note 7.

Victor, Bishop of Rome, 51.

Vienne and Lyons, 45.

Vision, theory stated, 114.
disproved, 114 to 132.

Walking on the Sea, 123.

Wise men of the East, 78.

Witnesses in Court,—see Credibility, etc.
women not competent, 116, 119, note 13.

Women at the Sepulchre, 104 to 106, 109, note 5, 115, 116.

Yielding up the Ghost, 99.

Zebedee’s Sons, 42, note 14, 90 to 100.

INDEX B.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO MODERN AUTHORS, EVENTS, AND WRITINGS.

Abbot, E. A., D.D., on date of Muratori Canon, 48, note 5.

Abbott, Rev. Edward, on Fijis, 141, note 8.

Abbot, The Authorship of the Fourth Gospel by Ezra Abbot, D.D., LL.D.
(Boston, 1880.) Frequent citations from, 10 to 48.

Abbott, Cyclopædia of Religious Knowledge, by Lyman Abbott, D.D.,
LL.D., cited, 122, 132, note 5, with 122.

Adams’ Roman Antiquities, 119, note 13.

Alford (Dean) 103, 108, note 1, with 102.

Ambrosian Library, 48, note 5.

Ante-Nicene Christian Library, 16, notes 1, 3, 22, 23, 30, 34.

Arnold, Matthew, on Basilides, 28, with 10, and 11, note 4.

Bampton Lectures, 40 with 42, note 17, 68 with 72, note 6.

Barnes, Albert, on site of Emmaus, 109, note 9.
on the Resurrection Body, 123, 132, note 5.

Bartlett, Pres., on the slight historical errors, 79, note 1.

Baur, J. C., on Fourth Gospel, 52.

Bentley, on genuineness of Gospels, 71.

Blackstone, 32, 132.

Bleek, on date of Muratori Canon, 48, note 5.

Buck’s Theological Dictionary, 11, note 5.

Cannibals Christianized, 139, 141, note 8.

Canonicity,—See Charteris.

Chadwick’s Views of Christianity, 134, 139, 140, note 1.

Charteris, Prof. A. H., D.D., on Basilides, 28.
date of Celsus, 49, note 6.
date of Justin’s Apology, 61, note 1.
early universal use of Gospels, 47.
Fourth Gospel, 17, 27, 28, 47.
Marcion’s Gospel, 72, note 7, with 69.
Papias, 17.
Pastor Hermas, 27.

Child, L. Maria, 119, note 13.

Congregationalist, 58, note, 140, note 2, 141, note 8.

Conybeare and Howson’s Life of Paul, 82, 83, with 88, notes 2, 4.

Credner, on date of Muratori Canon, 48, note 5.

Curtiss, Prof. Samuel Ives, D.D., on Apocryphal Gospels, 34, 35, 39,
and 40 with 42, notes 15, 16.
date of Celsus, 48, note 6.
date of Muratori Canon, 48, note 6.
Judge Waite, 35, 48, note 6.

Cursive manuscripts of Gospels, 73, note 10.

Davidson, Samuel, cited by Waite, 29, note 4.

De Soto, 52.

Donaldson and Roberts, 16, notes 1, 3, 20, 22, note 1, 23, 30, 61,
note 1.

Dorner on use by Papias of John’s Gospel, 17.

Drummond, Prof., on Justin’s use of John’s Gospel, 30.

Early settlements in New Hampshire, 58.

Farrar, (Canon), 100, note 1, 109, note 3.

Fisher, Prof. George P., D.D., on Alogi, 62, note 5.
date of Apocryphal Gospels, 41, note 2, with 34.
date of Celsus, 49, note 6, with 46.
date of Justin’s Apology, 61, note 1.
date of Muratori Canon, 46, 48, note 5.
genuineness of text of Gospels, 67, 71, 72, note 4, 73, note 12.
John’s Gospel, 27, 29, note 3, 33, note 3, with 30.
Justin’s Quotations, 46, 48, notes 2, 4, 62, note 5, 67, 68, 72,
note 4.
Marcion’s Gospel, 72, note 4, with 68.
Theophilus, 46, 48, note 4.

Free Religious Index, 140, note 1.

Friedlieb, on physical Cause of Death, 102, 108, note 1.

Geikie, The Life and Words of Christ, by Cunningham Geikie, D.D.,
(1880), cited page 109, note 10, with page 108.

Gibbon’s Rome, 9.

Gibson, Ch. Justice, 131.

Gilbert West,—See West.

Godet, Prof. F., D.D., 88, note 1, 90, 100, note 3, 126, 132, notes
1, 2, 133, note 8.
upon Possibility of Miracles, 132, notes 1, 2, with 111.
upon Sign of Jonah, 88, note 1, 90, 100, note 3.
upon Vision Theory, 126, 133, note 8.

Gordon-Cumming, in Fiji, 141, note 8.

Granite Monthly, 58.

Greenleaf, Prof. Simon, LL.D., on cock-crowing, 100, note 4, with 97.
credibility of witnesses, 78, 137, 138, 140, notes 3, 6.
genuineness of Gospels, 13, 72, 73, note 13.
presumption of Permanency, 43, 44, note 1, 66.
presumption of Rightfulness, 13, 44, note 1, 66.
sign of Jonah, 100, note 3, with page 90.
superscription on the Cross, 138, 140, note 6.
truth of Christianity, 132, 138, 140, note 6.

Hanna, Rev. William, LL.D., on cause of death, 109, note 1, with 102.
empty tomb, 105, 109, note 6.
Galilee meeting, 109, note 10, with 108.

Hilgenfeld on Justin’s use of John’s Gospel, 30, 33, note 3.
on date of Muratori Canon, 48, note 5.

Hooykaas and his Bible for Learners, 114, 119, note 8, 128, 133, note
12, 134, 140, note 1.

Holtzmann, on Apocryphal Gospels, 35.

Hume’s argument from experience, 43, 112.

Ingersoll on inspiration, 136, 137, 138.
on miracles, 112, 118, note 3.

Inter-Ocean (Chicago), 41, note 2, 42, note 15, 16.

Kent, Chancellor, 32, 132.

Keim, Dr., on date of Celsus, 48, 49, note 6.
on the empty tomb, 120, 132, note 2.

Lafayette’s visit, 57, 62, note 2.

Landing of the Pilgrims, 58.

Lange’s Life of Jesus, on cause of death, 108, note 1, with 102.
Cleopas and Luke, 106, 109, note 8.
Galilee meeting, 108, 109, note 10.
guard of Soldiers, 109, note 3, with 103.
journey to Emmaus, 106, 109, note 8.
lifting up the Serpent, 89, 90, 100, note 1.
locality of Emmaus, 109, note 9.
sign of Jonah, 100, notes 2, 3, with 90.
women at the Sepulchre, 104, 109, note 5.

Lemisch on date of Justin’s Apology, 61, note 1.

Light Infantry Poor, 62, note 2, with 57.

Lipsius, Prof. of Jena, on date of Apocryphal Gospels, 35.
that Justin did not use them, 40, 42, note 15.

Lord Brougham, 132.

Madagascar Christianized, 139.

Mason, Jeremiah, 132.

Marshall, Ch. Justice, 132.

Matthew Arnold. See Arnold.

McClintock and Strong’s Cyclopedia, on Cerinthus, 66, note 3.
Pagan Persecutions, 11, note 5, 73, note 9.
Resurrection Body of Christ, 123.

Meyer’s Lexicon, on date of Apocryphal Gospels, 35.

Mill, J. S. concedes, Christ Historical, 128, 133, note 11.
miracles possible, 8.

Miln, on “Church of the Future,” 134, 140, note 1.

Milligan, The Resurrection of Our Lord, by William Milligan, D.D.,
Prof. etc. in the University of Aberdeen. (London, 1881),
Cited, 114, 119, notes 5, 7.

Morrison, James, D.D., on Empty Tomb, 119, note 18.

New Hampshire Journal, Preface and 140, note 2.

New York Observer, 140, note 1.

Neander, on the date of Justin’s Apology, 61, note 1.
destruction of Church, etc., at Nicomedia, 73, note 9.

New Revision, 72, 100, note 1.

North American Review, 118, note 3, 140, note 4.

Norton, on Peter’s Gospel, 39, 42, note 12, 56, note 2.
on Genuineness of Our Gospels, 54, 56, 76, 80, note 6.
on number of Copies of Gospels, 73, note 8, with 70.

Page on date of Justin’s Apology, 61, note 1.

Parker, Joel, Ch. Justice, 43.

Parmelee, Dr. Simeon, great age of, 57.

Parsons, Theophilus, Ch. Justice, 132.

Patten’s Diaries, 58.

Paulus, Theory of, 114.

Phillips, on Presumptions, 43, 44, note 1.

Pond, Dr. Enoch, as to cessation of Miracles, 140, note 7.

Princeton Review, 68, 72, note 4, 79, note 1.

Renan, Ernest, admissions by, 12, 13, note 1, 84, 112, 130, 133,
notes 12 and 14.
demands expert testimony, 7.
denials, 7, 11, note 1, 112, 118, note 3.
idle boasting, 84, 116, 119, note 12.
upon Christ’s teachings, 128, 133, note 12.
upon silence of Historians as to occurrences at the Crucifixion,
130, 133, note 14.

Reuss, on date of Muratori Canon, 48, note 5.

Riggenback, on use by Papias of John’s Gospel, 17.

Roberts and Donaldson, 16, notes 1 and 3, 20, 22, note 1, 23, 30, 61,
note 1.
that Justin did not cite Peter’s Gospel, 20.

Robinson’s Holy Land, 109, note 9.

Robinson, John, the Pilgrim Father, 135.

Robinson, Prof., on the Resurrection Body, 122, 132, note 5.

Routh, on Papias’ use of John’s Gospel, 17.

Rowe, Prof. See Bampton Lectures.

Salisbury Church. See Webster.

Sanday, Dr., on quotations by Justin, 24.
by Irenæus, 56.
dates of Celsus, Muratori Canon, 48 and 49, notes 5, 6.
that Marcion’s Gospel is an abridgment of Luke, 68, 69, 72, note 7.

Sandwich Islands Christianized, 139.

Savage, on the “Church of the Future,” 134, 140, note 1.

Schleiermacher, theory of, 81, 88, note 1.

Schenkel’s Lexicon, on date of Apocryphal Gospels, 35.

Scott, Thomas, D.D., that part of the day is counted for the whole,
90, 100, note 3.
upon Resurrection Body, 122, 132, note 5.

Scribner’s Monthly, 73, note 12.

Sears’ “Heart of Christ,” 30, 33, note 3, 49, note 6, 61, note 1, 80,
note 4.

Smith and Wace’s Dictionary, 35.

Spiritualists, 140, 141, note 7.

Stanley (Dean) as to date of Polycarp’s Epistle, 10.

Starkie, on coincidences, 137, 140, note 5.
on Christianity, 132.

Stier, that part of a day is counted for the whole, 90, 100, note 2.

Story, Judge, 32, 132.

Stowe, Prof. C. E., on Apocryphal Gospels, 35, 41, note 2.
Elders at Ephesus, 56, note 4, with 55.
Gospel to Hebrews, 37, 42, note 10.
Greek Classic Copies, 71, 73, note 11.
John’s Gospel, 48, note 4.
Theophilus, 48, note 4.

Strauss, David, Admissions by:
actual death of Jesus, 81, 102, 114, 119, note 6.
sincerity of witnesses, 86.
universal use of the Gospels, by the end of the Second Century, 45,
46.
false theories of, 7, 8, 81, 88, note 1, 106, 115.
became an atheist, 8.
how far commended, 38, 134.
more candid than Waite, 38.

Stroud, on physical cause of Death, 102, 108, note 1.

Supernatural Religion. An Inquiry into The Reality of Divine
Revelation. (Anonymous.) Referred to pp. 17, 42, note 14, 68,
69, 112, with 118, note 3.

Taylor, William, D.D., on Miracles, 111, 118, note 1, 128, 133, note
10.

Thomson’s “Land and Book,” 35, 36, 41, note 4.

Tischendorf, Constantine, discoverer of the Sinaitic Codex, 70.
on Commentary of Heracleon, 47, 49, note 8.
on difference in Manuscripts, 73, note 10.
on number of manuscript copies, 71, 73, note 10.
on quotations by Irenæus, 56, note 3, with 55.
on use, by Papias, of John’s Gospel, 17.

Tübingen School, 8, 30.

Uncials, number of, 73, note 10.

Waite, History of the Christian Religion to the year Two Hundred. By
Charles B. Waite, A. M. Second Edition, Chicago (1881), 34.

Waite, C. B., admits Gospels do not copy from each other, 74.

Waite, C. B., his mistakes as to Apocalypse, 88, note 3.
Apocryphal Gospels, 35, 36, 41, note 5.
Basilides, 29, note 4.
Clement of Rome, 32, 66, note 1, 67, 72, note 2.
Celsus, 48, note 6.
Cerinthus, 66, note 3.
Justin Martyr, 5, 10, 11, note 3, 61, note 1.
Marcion’s Gospel, 38, 45, 54, 68, 69, 72, note 7.
Muratori Canon, 48, note 5.
Peter’s Gospel, 20, note 2, 38, 39, 40, 42, note 14, 48, 62, note 6.
Resurrection body, and Paul, 85, 114, 119, note 8, 122.
with other matters too numerous to mention.

Walker, Timothy, Diaries of, 58.

Webster, Daniel, 132, 135, 140, note 2.
his creed, 135, 140, note 2.
his church membership, 140, note 2.

Warrenton, on quotations from O. T., 80, note 1.

Weiseler, on date of Muratori Canon, 48, note 5.

Westcott, 17, 80, note 6.

Wesleyan Missionaries, 141, note 8.

West, Gilbert, on resurrection, 117, 119, note 16.

Whitby, that a part of a day is put for the whole, 100, note 3.

Whittier’s Poem, 57.

Wright. The Logic of Christian Evidences. By Rev. G. Frederick
Wright, Andover, Mass. (1880), cited or quoted, 18, 24, 28,
note 1, 56, notes, and 80, note 6.

Yorktown Scammel, 62, note 2.

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_Books Published by W. F. Draper._

=Remarks on the Internal Evidence for the Truth of Revealed Religion.= By THOMAS ERSKINE, Esq., Advocate. Third American, from the Fifth Edinburgh Edition. 16mo. 75 cents.

“The entire treatise cannot fail to commend the positions which
it advocates to intelligent and considerate minds. It is one of
the best, perhaps _the_ best, of all the discussions of this
momentous subject.”—_Congregationalist._

“This argument of Erskine for the Internal Evidence of the
Truth of Revealed Religion, is the most compact, natural, and
convincing we have ever read from any author.”—_Christian
Chronicle._

“No man ought to consider himself as having studied theology
unless he has read and pondered and read again ‘Erskine on the
Internal Evidence.’”—_Independent._

=Five Discourses on St. Paul.= To which is added a Discourse on Fatalism. By ADOLPHE MONOD. Translated from the French by Rev. J. H. MYERS, D.D. 12mo. 90 cents.

“The aim of the author is to present an estimate of the
character, labors, and writings of the Apostle Paul in the
light of an example, and to apply the principles which actuated
him, and which he maintained, to Christians of the present
day.”—_Boston Journal._

“A book unsurpassed in its department, in any language, for
manly eloquence, thorough research, profound reflection, a most
earnest, glowing, winning Christian spirit, united with an
exact appreciation of the great Apostle’s character and work,
and a wise, cautious, but bold and unflinching, application of
his teachings to the times in which we live.”—_The Translator._

“A masterly and most eloquent delineation of the inner life of
the great Apostle.”—_Evangelical Quarterly._

=_Writings of Archbishop Whately._= Published under the sanction of the author, from the latest revised edition; viz.

=Essays on some of the Difficulties in the Writings of St. Paul.= 12mo. Cloth extra, gilt tops. $1.50

“Dr. Whately’s writings are characterized by sound thought
and solid judgment. Clear and solid sense is his peculiar
characteristic. He is often ingenious, generally candid, almost
always plain and transparent.”—_Bibliotheca Sacra._

“An excellent work.”—_New York Evangelist._

“The Archbishop’s writings are a part of the sterling
theological letters of the age, and ought to be possessed by
all the studious and thoughtful.”—_Journal and Messenger._

“This book had passed through at least eight editions in
England before its publication in this country. Dr. Whately
is always entitled to a hearing. Never profound, he is always
clear; never very original, he is always instructive; never
disgustingly dogmatic, he always seems to feel a serene
assurance that he has exhausted the whole subject, and that
his verdict is final; always positive and didactic, he is
yet never extreme, but always takes the middle and moderate
view.”—_Watchman and Reflector._

=Essays on some of the Peculiarities of the Christian Religion, and Historic Doubts concerning Napoleon.= 12mo. pp. 264 and 48. Bound in 1 vol. Cloth extra, gilt tops. $1.50

=Historic Doubts concerning Napoleon.= 12mo. Paper covers. 25 cents; cloth, 40 cents.

About the year 1821 Whately published this Essay anonymously.
It was designed as an answer to Hume’s objections to the
credibility of the Christian miracles. Following Hume’s method,
Whately gravely argued the improbability of the existence
of the first Napoleon, and demonstrated that, on Hume’s
principles, the testimony in relation thereto could not be
credited.

=The Contemplations and Letters of Henry Dorney of Uley, Gloucestershire.= 12mo. $1.00

The Contemplations and Letters of Henry Dorney were held in
high estimation by Madam Phebe Phillips. The copy which she
used, came down to her as an heirloom from her pious ancestors,
and was ranked, on her private table, next to her Bible and
hymn-book. So highly did she esteem the work, that she copied
out, with her own hand, a large part of the volume for the use
of a friend. It is now reprinted as a precious memorial of one
of the honored founders of the Theological Institution.

=Bible History of Prayer.= By C. A. GOODRICH. 12mo. $1.25

“The aim of this little volume is to embody an account of the
delightful and successful intercourse of believers with heaven
for some four thousand years. The author has indulged a good
deal in narrative, opening and explaining the circumstances
which gave birth to the several prayers.

“The author does not aim to write a treatise on prayer, or to
comment on all the references to prayer in chronological order,
but to dwell on its nature and importance, and make suggestions
on the most important allusions to prayer, as indicated all
along for four thousand years. He explains the circumstances
connected with the prayers of these holy men.”—_Religious
Union._

=Messianic Prophecy and the Life of Christ.= By Rev. W. S. KENNEDY. 12mo. $1.25

“The plan of the author is to collect all the prophecies of
the Old Testament referring to the Messiah, with appropriate
comments and reflections, and then to pursue the subject
through the New Testament in the life of Christ as he appeared
among men. The reader will find the results of Hengstenberg
and Neander here gathered up, and presented in a readable
shape.”—_The Presbyterian._

“This work exhibits the prophetic element in the Messianic
argument in an analytical shape, and with peculiar
force.”—_Episcopal Recorder._

“The general idea of the book is a very happy one, and it has,
on the whole been well wrought out.”—_The Lutheran._

=Theologia Germanica.= Which setteth forth many fair Lineaments of Divine Truth, and saith very lofty and lovely things touching a Perfect Life. Edited by DR. PFEIFFER, from the only complete Manuscript yet known. Translated from the German by SUSANNA WINKWORTH. With a Preface by the Rev. CHARLES KINGSLEY, Rector of Eversley; and a Letter to the Translator, by the CHEVALIER BUNSEN, D.D., D.C.L., etc.; and an Introduction by PROF. CALVIN E. STOWE, D.D. 16mo. Cloth, $1.25; calf, $2.50

This treatise was discovered by Luther, who first brought it
into notice by an edition which he published in 1516, of which
he says: “And I will say, though it be boasting of myself, and
‘I speak as a fool,’ that, next to the Bible and St. Augustine,
no book hath ever come into my hands whence I have learnt, or
would wish to learn, more of what God and Christ, and man, and
all things, are.” “A precious lump of pure gold in a flag of
earth and stone.”

“This little volume which is brought out in antique style, is,
apart from its intrinsic value, a curiosity of literature. It
may be regarded as the harbinger of the Protestant Reformation.
No fewer than seventeen editions of this book appeared in
his lifetime, and up to the present day it has continued to
be a favorite manual of devotion in Germany, where it has
passed through certainly as many as sixty editions.”—_Evening
Traveller._

“I value it _exceedingly_, so vivid and so rich is it,
on the great ideas of _sin_, and _salvation through
Christ_.”—_Congregational Herald._

“A most valuable, interesting, and instructive volume, upon the
most vital points of Christianity.”—_Lutheran Standard._

_=Haley. An Examination of the Alleged Discrepancies of the Bible.=_ By John W. Haley, M.A. With an Introduction by Alvah Hovey, D.D., Professor in the Newton Theological Institution. Crown 8vo. pp. xii and 473. $1.75

=From Professor Edwards A. Park.=—“I do not know any volume
which gives to the English reader such a compressed amount of
suggestion and instruction on this theme as is given in this
volume.”

=From the Presbyterian Quarterly.=—“The book is honest, candid,
and painstaking. It will be found useful to all students of the
sacred volume.”

“An able book, containing a clear and dispassionate discussion
of a momentous subject. It stands unique in a field of its
own.”—_Independent._

“As an example of thorough and painstaking scholarship, as a
serviceable handbook for all Bible students, and as a popular
defence of revealed truth, it will take high rank, and fill an
important place which up to this time has been conspicuously
vacant.”—_Congregationalist._

“It would be difficult, by any amount of labor, to produce
anything more convincing and satisfactory.”—The _Interior._

_=Haley. The Hereafter of Sin=_: What it will be; with Answers to Certain Questions and Objections. By Rev. John W. Haley, author of “Alleged Discrepancies of the Bible.” 16mo. 75 cents.

“It presents, in a calm and admirable manner, the Scriptural
doctrine of future retribution, divested, indeed, of the
literalism with which it is sometimes presented, and
showing its accordance with the deductions of a sound
philosophy.”—_Zion’s Herald._

“It is a scholarly, clear, dispassionate, and conclusive
argument in favor of what is known as the common or orthodox
view of future punishment. The whole discussion is conducted in
a spirit of courtesy and fairness towards all opponents which
does credit to our current controversial literature.”—_The
Interior._

_=Wright. The Logic of Christian Evidences.=_ By Rev. G. Frederick Wright. 16mo. $1.50

“Beginning with a general statement of the principles of
inductive and deductive logic, which are illustrated by ample
examples drawn from the whole field of modern science, it
advances to the consideration of the personality, wisdom, and
benevolence of the Creator, as seen in nature; to the place of
miracles in the Christian system; to the specific evidences
of Christianity as discerned in the early history of the New
Testament, and in the characteristics of the Christians of the
first and second centuries; and to the historical probability
of Jesus and his immediate followers having been either
impostors or deluded enthusiasts.”—_Literary World._

“The book would form an admirable text-book for Bible-classes
or college classes, and will give solid comfort and strength to
all readers who have any desire to be able to give a reason for
believing.”—_Rev. Dr. Thomas Hill in the Bibliotheca Sacra._

_=Wright. Studies in Science and Religion.=_ By Prof. G. Frederick Wright, author of “The Logic of Christian Evidences.” 16mo. $1.50

“The chapter on inductive reasoning, with which the book opens,
is as full, explanatory, and convincing as any one could wish,
despite the fact it occupies only twenty-six pages.... The
grand point contended for and carried is that ‘Christianity,
in its appeal to historical evidence, allies itself with
modern science rather than with the glittering generalities of
transcendentalism,’ and that in its beginnings science has no
advantage over religion in solidity of basis.”—_The Leader._

“The article on Prehistoric Man, now appears for the first
time. It is illustrated by a number of maps and cuts which
enhance the interest of the story. The southern limit of the
ice of the Glacial Epoch in North America is traced, and the
connection of human implements therewith is shown.”—_Oberlin
Review._