Chapter V: Part 5

Lay the twelve sheets of tissue paper flat upon each other, as at fig. 141; cut the pattern gore into two pieces, along the line a c, fig. 140, and lay them on the tissue paper, fig. 141. Mark round them with a blacklead pencil, and cut them through with a strong pair of scissors.

TO JOIN THE HALVES TOGETHER.

Lay the bottom part of the gore, fig. 142, flat upon the table, and the top part upon it, so as to leave 1/4 of an inch along the edge exposed, as shown by the shaded part. Paste this; and, without removing either piece, bend the pasted part of the lower half gore upon the top, and press it smooth down.

TO PASTE TWO GORES TOGETHER.

Lay one gore with the point towards the _left_ hand, and another upon it, a quarter of an inch back, as in fig. 143. Paste the shaded part of the lower gore, bend it over, and press as before. One of the gores, having been drawn in by pasting, is now narrower than the other. Finish the six pairs, and lay them by to dry.

TO PASTE THE PAIRS TOGETHER.

Lay one pair with the points towards the _right_ hand, thus keeping the widest gore upwards; and another upon it, in the same manner, as fig. 144. Bend the top gore back upon itself, by folding it down the middle, as shown by the bottom shaded part, and lay a book or weight upon it, to keep it out of the way; paste, and double, as before; and so proceed, till the whole twelve are finished, and lying upon each other. Be careful to disturb none of the gores.

TO MAKE THE LAST JOINING.

Turn the points towards the _left_ hand: lift up the top, and bend the ten inner gores back upon themselves: draw the top gore over, so as to make it lie upon the bottom. Paste as before. This is a somewhat troublesome operation, and it is advisable to have the assistance of a second person.

TO WIRE THE BALLOON.

Select a coil of iron wire, a little thicker than a pin; and remove the elasticity, as recommended with coloured gerbes. Before applying it to the balloon, practise the method of making a joining, as shown by fig. 145, simply bringing the ends together, crossing them about an inch from the extremity, and winding them tight round each other. Now lay the balloon, as in fig. 146, with a book, or a flat weight, upon it, to keep it down: curve the wire to the shape of the bottom of the balloon, and lay it about half an inch from the edge. Notch the paper, at the joinings of the gores; paste, and fold back. When perfectly dry, not before, turn the balloon over: cut the wire 2 inches longer than to meet; bend the ends together, and make the joining; paste, and bend over, the remaining half; and shape the wire to a circle. A star, of double-crown, may be pasted on the top, and a thread passed through it, to hold it by. To effect this, open the balloon, pass a book up it, spread the top flat on the book, and paste on it a star, or a circular piece of paper, the size of a penny. If a hole gets torn in it, it can be repaired in the same way.

Take two straight pieces of wire, a little longer than the diameter of the mouth of the balloon; pass them, half way, through a piece of sponge, at right angles to each other; fasten these wires across the mouth; saturate the sponge with wood naphtha, or methylated spirit, taking especial care that not a drop falls on the balloon; get someone to set fire to some pieces of paper on the ground; hold the balloon at a good height above the flame, to prevent the spirit, in the sponge, from catching. Three persons ought to assist in the start: one to manage the burning paper; two to hold the balloon steady, and to keep the mouth open, for the hot air to inflate it. As soon as the balloon gets expanded, set fire to the spirit; and directly it begins to pull against the hand, which it will do, let it go. A balloon of this size will require an ounce of spirit, and as much sponge as will absorb it. See fig. 167.

To project a gore for 24 sheets of tissue paper, let the radius be 7-1/2 inches; for 48 sheets, 10 inches. The shape of the balloon, when expanded, will be the same as fig. 139, rotating on the axis b o. If the pattern gore be projected from fig. 147, the balloon will be pear-shaped, and may be filled with gas, like those started from the Crystal Palace. The paper, 16-lb. double-crown, must have a coat of boiled linseed oil. The bottom should be open, and fitted with a cylindrical neck, about an inch diameter, and 3 inches long, made of writing paper of three thicknesses. Fig. 168 shows the magnesium light attached.

A flat weight may be constructed by making a thin deal box, the size and shape of a lucifer-match box; fill it with melted lead; nail a lid on it, and cover it with pasted paper. The same will serve for a paper-weight.

A spindle, on which to fire wheels, is shown at fig. 148; it is furnished with a fly-nut, which can be taken off, and put on, without trouble. As there is considerable difficulty in obtaining an article of this kind, its place may be supplied by a carriage-bolt, of which hundreds, if necessary, may be procured at the ironmonger's, of lengths varying from 1 inch to 12, or more. One of 6 inches will be suitable for most purposes. As the nut is small, and would be difficult to find, if dropped on the ground, on a dark night, proceed as follows. Turn a piece of beech, about 1-1/2 inch square, and 2-1/2 inches long, into a cylinder, with hemispherical ends, and a hole through it, like a popgun. Cut it, while yet in the lathe, or saw it across into two pieces, one an inch long, the other, an inch and a half. In the flat end of the inch length, mortise a hole, and sink the nut in it; take a circular piece of wood, with a hole bored in the middle, and screw it flat on, over the nut. Fig. 150, a, shows the turned piece; b, the circular piece, screwed on, to keep the nut from falling out. This serves the purpose of the fly-nut of fig. 148. The carriage-bolt is shown, first at fig. 149; then at fig. 150, with the nut screwed on. Take a piece of deal, fig. 155, about 1-1/2 inch square, and 20 inches long: make a hole through at a, and drive the carriage-bolt from behind; the shoulder, being square, will hold firm; in front, at c, slip on the above turned piece of wood, an inch and a half long: the piece, with the nut embedded in it, is, of course, put on at the end, b. The hole through this inch piece should be 1/8 of an inch, or more, larger in diameter than the female (or counter) screw of the nut, in order that it may slip on and off with ease. At the top fix a strong wire, d, and file the end round and smooth: at s and x, in the side, fix two screw-eyes, or staples, to receive rocket sticks. At m and n bore two holes, through which it can be screwed to a post. The screw-eye at s ought to be about level with the top of the post. If there is too great a space between w and z, pieces of a roman candle case may be slipped on; but a popgun, sawed into short lengths, is better. Several should be kept in readiness, of different lengths, to suit the naves of different wheels. A piece of iron rod, about half an inch long, and to fit the hole, ought to be driven up furilonas, &c., to rest on the top of d, fig. 155; and the wire should be a little longer than the hole, that the piece may play clear of the upright, the top of which should be hemispherical, as drawn. Fig. 151 is a screw-ring; 152, a screw-eye: 153, a screw-hook; 154, a cup-hook. If a little bit, s, of 152 be sawed, or filed out, it makes a stronger cup-hook than the brass, for match-weights.

_WINGED ROCKETS._

An 8/8 rocket is the smallest size worth making: it is, also, sufficiently large; and, as it requires a machine to fire it from, it is best to keep to one size. The head, fig. 156, may be the same as the external diameter of the case, or it may be slightly enlarged: to receive a parachute, it may be 12, or even 16 inches high; and the top may be closed with a lid, fig. 163, formed of a case choked tight; or by simply stopping it with a piece of turned wood, or with a thin bung, pushed in, as a cork into a bottle. A bung may be readily sawed thin with a fine-toothed saw; if required to be made smaller in diameter, it must be cut round sidewise, not longitudinally. If the head is to receive stars, it must not be above 8 inches high. To construct the wings, take a thin piece of deal, or tin, and cut out a right-angled triangle, fig. 157. Make a b = 7-1/2 inches, b c = 1-1/2 inch. Take a piece of imperial brown paper, 8 inches long, 4 broad, and fold it down the middle lengthwise, so as to become 8 by 2. Lay the sloping edge, a c, of fig. 157 along the folded edge of the paper, a c, fig. 158, and mark round it, with a pencil. About 3/8 of an inch distant, draw the line d e parallel to a b. Cut through with the scissors, and the paper will be of the shape of fig. 158. Bend the shaded parts flat, to form a flap, or kind of hinge. Paste the surface of the two triangles, and press them together to form a double thickness. If this does not make the wing stiff enough, insert, between them, a triangular piece of cardboard, to make it of three folds, like a shirt-collar. Take a piece of sheet tin, or a piece of cardboard, fig. 161. Let m n be 7 inches; and m p such that it shall exactly wind round the rocket. Divide it into 3 equal parts, by the parallel lines r and s, and at each end cut out little pieces, as shown at a a, &c. Now, if this be wound round the rocket, marks can be made through the slits a a, with a blacklead pencil, or with a stencil-brush, dipped into blacklead powder, such as used for polishing grates. These marks will indicate the places for the wings. Paste or glue them on, and secure the joinings with another slip of paper pasted over them, as shown by the dotted lines, beside the wings, fig. 156. The wings will branch out at angles of 120° divergence from each other, like the lines a a, b b, c c, fig. 162. The rocket is thus winged; and, so far, complete.

TO CONSTRUCT A SLOT-TUBE, OR ROCKET-GUIDE.

Procure 3 pieces of planed deal, 1/2 an inch thick, 2 inches broad: let one piece be 6 feet 3 inches long; the other two, each 6 feet. Get a smith to make 4 triangular iron holdfasts, k m n, fig. 162, 5 inches along each side; the iron may be a trifle above 1/8 of an inch thick, and 6/8 broad: in each side, let two holes be made, as in the usual holdfasts, to receive screws. The screws are represented at z z, fig. 162, which is a cross section of the tube. Fasten the 4 iron holdfasts round the 3 pieces of deal, as represented by w w, fig. 160, at equal distances. The pieces of wood will thus form a triangular spout, with open corners. The pieces are to be level at the top; the longest one, of 6ft. 3in., will, thus, be 3 inches below the other two, as at r r, fig. 160. At s s bore two holes, about 1/8 of an inch diameter. Take a small piece of deal, fig. 159, and fix in it two pieces of wire, so as to have the appearance of a tuning-fork. These wires are to go through the holes s s, of fig. 160, to form a resting-place, or support for the rocket, after it has been pushed up the tube. At the top of one of the short pieces, is to be a hook, k, by which to suspend it from a post. This post ought to be 9 or 10 feet high, that the rocket may be fired without having to stoop. Everything being ready, the rocket is to be put up through the bottom of the tube, and the wires of fig. 159 pushed through, for it to rest upon. It may then be fired.

These rockets are peculiarly fitted for asteroids, as, from their lightness, they rise to great heights, with immense rapidity, not in a continuous curve, of uniform flexure, but with a sweeping serpentine motion, as indicated by the line, fig. 164. They might be employed, with great advantage, for distress rockets at sea.

They could also be made with four wings, and fired in volleys, from batteries constructed with square tubes. See the design, fig. 165.

_LIST OF PRICES._

Ammonia, Muriate, or Salammoniac, 6_d._ per lb.

Antimony, Sulphuret, 6_d._

Arsenic, Red Sulphuret, or Realgar, 1_s._

" Yellow Sulphuret, or Orpiment, 1_s._

Barytes, Chlorate, 6_s._

" Nitrate, 8_d._

Cast Iron Borings, 4_d._

Charcoal, 3_d._

Coal tar naphtha, or mineral naphtha, 4_d._ per pint.

Copper, Black Oxide, 3_s._

" Oxychloride, 4_s._

" Sulphuret, 4_s._

Dextrine, 1_s._

Gunpowder, F, 8_d._;
FF, 9_d._;
FFF, 10_d._
Meal, 9_d._

Lamp Cotton, 2_d._ per oz.

Lead, Chloride, 2_s._ 6_d._

" Nitrate, 1_s._

" Protoxide, or Litharge, 6_d._

" Deutoxide, Minium or Red Lead, 6_d._

Litmus, 2_d._ per oz.

Magnesium Filings, 7_s._ per oz.

Mercury, Chloride, or Calomel, 6_s._

" Sulphuret, or Æthiop's Mineral, 6_s._

Methylated Spirit, 6_d._ per pint.

Oxalic Acid, 1_s._

Plaster of Paris, 3_d._ per packet.

Potash, Chlorate, 1_s._

" Nitrate, Nitre, Saltpetre, Sal-prunella, 6_d._

Shellac, in Flake, 1_s._ 3_d._

" in Powder, 2_s._

Soda, Bicarbonate, 4_d._

" Oxalate, 2_s._

Stearine, Composite Candle, 1_d._

Steel Filings, 8_d._

Strontian, Carbonate, 3_s._

" Nitrate, 8_d._

Sugar, 5_d._

Sulphur, Flowers. Sublimed Sulphur, 4_d._

Vegetable Black, 10_d._

Wax, 1_d._ per cake.

Wood Naphtha, 7_d._ per pint.

Zinc Filings, 3_s._ per lb.

_CONCLUDING REMARKS._

Sublimation is the volatilization of solid substances by heat, and their crystallization by cold again into solids.

The products of sublimation (sublimates) have received the name of flowers from their soft efflorescence, or aggregation of minute spicular crystals into flakes; as flowers of sulphur, the crystallized refrigerated vapour of burning brimstone; flowers of benzoin, benzoic acid; corrosive sublimate, bichloride of mercury; sublimed arsenic, camphor, sal-ammoniac; vegetable and lamp black, the condensed fumes of burning oils and resins; soot, the flakes deposited in chimneys from the smoke of burnt wood and coals.

Distillation is the evaporation of liquid substances by heat, and their condensation by cold again into liquids.

The products of distillation (distillates) are usually termed spirits; as spirit of wine, alcohol or brandy; spirit of grain, gin, hollands, or whiskey; spirit of molasses, rum; spirit of naphtha; benzine, &c.

Water heated and cooled, combines in resemblance the effects of sublimation and distillation; aqueous vapour by congelation crystallizing into snow; and by condensation liquefying into water.

The condensation of steam into water is familiar to everyone. It is stated that in St. Petersburg, upon the sudden admission of a current of cold air into a crowded assembly-room, the vapour in the air was immediately congealed, and fell in the form of snow flakes. Probably snow might be produced artificially by driving steam into a vessel preparatively cooled below the freezing point.

Gums are the exudation of trees, vegetable mucilage thickened by exposure to the atmosphere; as gum from cherry and plum trees; gum arabic, from varieties of the acacia, Turkey, East India, Senegal, or Barbary; Turkey gum arabic is the best.

Resins are the exudation of trees, generally evergreens, essential oils inspissated by oxygenation: as mastic, sandarac, benzoin.

Gums are soluble in water; resins in alcohol and essential oils.

Gums dry and swell up by heat; resins soften and melt.

Gum resins are partly resinous and partly mucilaginous; as lac, assafœtida, galbanum. In submitting shellac to the action of alcohol, the whole is never entirely dissolved; as the lac contains, besides the resin, a mucilage which floats about in the liquid, and renders it turbid.

Many substances which go under the name of gums in commerce, are in reality resins or gum-resins.

Native turpentine, the juice of trees of the fir tribe, of the consistency of honey, yields on distillation spirit of turpentine, called also oil of turpentine, and by painters turps; the dry mass left behind in the retort is colophony or rosin. Rosin is soluble in alcohol, and is therefore a resin; rosin and resin, however, are not synonymous; all rosin is a resin; but all resins are not rosin. Rosin has been tried in pyrotechny, but is of no use: a solution of it in spirit will bind stars; but it renders them white and smoky.

Volatile, ethereal, or essential oils are obtained from plants by distillation with water; as oil of roses, lavender, thyme, peppermint, aniseed, &c.

Fixed oils are obtained from animal fat by heat; and from seeds of plants by pressure and percussion; as, train oil, cod-liver oil; palm oil, croton, linseed, cottonseed, &c.

Oxychloride of copper, if difficult to procure, may be made by laying thin pieces of copper in a dish, and pouring upon them a mixture of half water, and half hydrochloric or muriatic acid. The next day remove them, and lay them on a board in the shade to dry. When dry, brush off the green powder which will be found on the outside, with a toothbrush, into a basin of water. After a quantity is obtained, wash it as directed for sulphur, and dry it in the bag, fig. 33. Test it with litmus paper to ascertain if free from acid.

Saw a piece of coke or charcoal in two, and on the flat surface place a few copper filings; direct upon them the flame of a lamp or candle with the blow-pipe; they will simply become red-hot. Lay a few more filings, and on them a little calomel or sal-ammoniac: now direct the flame, and a beautiful blue colour will be produced. Any of the salts of copper may be used to obtain the same effect, the chlorine gas liberated from the calomel (chloride of mercury) or from the sal-ammoniac (ammonic chloride) giving a blue colour to all preparations of copper burnt in it.

Weights for quickmatch may be made by nearly filling the brass tube with useless rusty old nails, tacks, screws, or odd bits of iron, or brass; then pouring in melted lead. If the ladle will not hold enough lead to fill it at once, it may be poured in at twice, thrice, four or more times. A tube 1-1/4 inch diameter and 6 inches long will weigh 2-1/2 lb. This will keep a great length of match tight and straight. Half-an-inch at each end of the tube should be solid lead, one to receive the screw, and one to make a firm bottom.

If at any time the basil end of a pinwheel pipe should be too small to admit the nose of the funnel, it may be enlarged by binding a gum strip round it. If pinwheels are too dry, they break in winding, from the hardness of the composition; if too damp, from the softness of the paper. As paper cannot be relied upon for being always of uniform thickness, if it be found that a pinwheel pipe is too thin, cut the strip a little broader. Discretion may be used in all cases.

Coloured lances may be primed with meal powder very slightly damped with thin lac solution. Leader pipes may, if preferred, be fastened to lances with patent short whites: they may be procured at the haberdasher's; the price of them is 2_d._ per oz. Push the pin through the side of the leader, down into the side of the lance; then make a triangular hole through the middle of the leader, down into the middle of the lance, turning the tool round to break the priming, and secure the leader with a gum strip. The gum strip, bent round, assumes the shape of the capital letter T. The best tool for making the holes is a steel bradawl, ground triangular and to a sharp point; another bradawl ground to a tapering point like a needle, about 3/4 of an inch long, may be used for making holes up the lances to receive the wires. Scissor-grinders will shape them, if you have not a grindstone; or they may be rubbed on a stone, such as used by mowers to whet their scythes. Afterwards set them sharp on a hone.

Fig 169 is a wasp-light. The proper composition will be found among the fuses: drive it into a roman candle case with the rammer, fig. 4. Bring the leader from the mouth b, backwards along the outside of the case, and tie it in a couple of places, as drawn. Evening is the best time to use it: push the end b into the nest, light at a, and retire.

Instead of a five-pointed star, a seven-lance star, fig. 170, may be employed. To form it, have a piece of deal board, half-an-inch thick, 6-1/2 inches square: draw the diagonals, to find the centre; and, with a pair of compasses, stretched to a 3-inch radius, describe a circle. Carry the radius 6 times round it; and in the points and the centre drive 7 French nails; cut off their heads, and fix on them 7 lances: the middle one, crimson; the others, 3 green and 3 blue, placed alternately.

In forming a rocket spindle, taper it no more than will just make it deliver: the thicker it is left at the top, the stronger of course it will be. For small rockets, 3/8 or 4/8, a brass, iron, or steel wire, with a few notches filed in it, or made jagged with a cold chisel and hammer, driven into a block, will hold firm without a screw. I have seen them driven into a piece of thick plank, and the nipple formed with an inch-length of wood, cut cylindrical, bored and slipped over the spindle, like c in fig. 155. Indeed, a spindle might be formed from a 5-inch or 6-inch carriage-bolt. At Woolwich Arsenal rockets are charged solid. The fuse is shaped into pellets, something like large peppermint lozenges, or cylindrical cakes of paste blacking, by hydraulic pressure in a mould. These pellets, discs, or cakes, which are almost as hard as a stone, are put into the case, and pressed in tight: the rocket is then fixed upright, and slowly drilled, as I have seen, with a conical borer, working vertically, to let the dust fall and clear itself. This mode must not be imitated by an amateur; indeed, without accurate machinery, the desired object could not be effected, and there is constant liability to danger.

The fuse of a rocket, when consolidated, assumes the form of fig. 18, with the head sawn off, except that the hollow is tapering, instead of cylindrical; and the rocket stands thus--

1/3 cup + 6 choke & hollow + 1-1/3 solid + 1/3 plaster = 8 diameters.

In the trade, meal powder, saltpetre, and charcoal, go by the names of meal, petre, and coal. Common coal, for burning in fires, is never employed in pyrotechny; it would produce only dull red sparks and smoke.

Meal, or petre, added to a fuse quickens it; sulphur slackens it. 6 meal, 1 sulphur, make a quickmatch that blows through a leader with great violence. 1 meal, 1 sulphur, will scarcely burn; pure meal only should be used for match, or grain powder with hot starch. It has already been stated that nitre in powder is sometimes adulterated with salt, and that it is impossible to make a rocket with such stuff. Powdered chlorate of potash is sometimes adulterated with nitre: with such mixture it is equally impossible to produce good colours: nitre whitens flame, and overpowers colour.

Chlorate of potash, charcoal, sulphur, stearine, used separately, with discretion, vivify colours; calomel deepens the colour, but slackens the flame.

Star compositions which inflame vigorously in dry summer weather, will often scarcely burn at all in damp weather; this is especially the case with stars containing nitrate of strontian.

In washing sulphur, stir it with a wooden spoon; if a silver one were used, a black sulphide would be formed on the surface, very difficult to remove. If silver coins in the pocket get tarnished while using sulphur, rub them with salt, or chalk, or whiting.

A magnet is convenient for lifting tacks, small screws, &c., from divisions in nail boxes.

If the brass tube formers get tarnished, scrape off the lacquer with a knife, sand paper them anew, and give them a fresh coat of lacquer.

Let all wheel frames and woodwork be coloured black, either with paint, or with a mixture of vegetable or lamp black and size, or thin glue, to prevent their being seen. A white thread hung upon a bush, is visible many yards off; a black one can scarcely be seen a few feet distant. Black is not only invisible, but it throws the brilliancy of sparks, and the vividness of colours, into stronger relief.

Let every article be dried, reduced to a fine powder, put into a clean bottle, and carefully corked: also let every bottle be labelled: the labels are best stuck on with paste, not gum: gum labels are apt to drop off in damp weather.

Let all metallic articles, liable to rust, be wiped with a rag dipped into olive oil, before being laid by for future use.

Before putting aside the six-inch circular frying-pan, set it over the fire till warm, put into it a lump of tallow, and smear it with a rag: when wanted for use, set it on the fire, put into it a cupful of water and a piece of soda; make the water boil, and stir it well round; pour away the water, and dry the pan over the fire.

Let muslin sieves always be dried before being put aside; also, again, before use. Zinc sieves may simply be wiped dry.

Have a place for everything; and keep everything in its place.

Faraday, the great master in experimental lectures, always devoted many hours to the preparation of his experiments for each lecture. No point, however trifling, bearing upon the success of the experiment, was considered unimportant: he used to try the stoppers of all the bottles he had to use, to see that they had not become fixed, and thus would cause delay by requiring forcible opening. His example cannot be too carefully copied. Before firing a display, all posts, spindles, lines, staples, screws, touch-paper, portfires, pieces of leadered quickmatch, &c., should be carefully provided. A yard of tape slowmatch, hung to a nail at the top of a post, will supply fire for a long time.

A book should be kept for future guidance, in which should be written the quantity of composition required to make a certain number of articles of a certain size: by attending to this, much waste will be prevented.

Never, upon any account, leave compositions lying about; and let nothing be done by candlelight, except making cases. Quickmatch, especially, ought to be kept locked up, so that nobody can get to it.

Never put squibs, crackers, &c., into the pockets: a stray spark might ignite the whole, and cause most serious mischief.

FUSES.

_ROMAN CANDLE._

+---------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Number | 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9|10|11|12|13|14| +---------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Sulphur | 4| 2| 3| 1| 1| 2| 7| 3| 4| 6| 8| 3| 8| -| |Charcoal | 3| 3| 3| 2| 1| 3| 8| 1| 1| 7| 9| 3|11| 2| |Nitre | 8| 2| 8| 4| 3| 9|21| 4| 5|18|18|10|32| 1| |Meal powder | 8| 8| 3| 3| 2| 4|12| 5| 4| 4| 4| 7| -| 3| +---------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

_ROCKET._

+---------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Number | 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9|10|11|12|13|14| +---------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Sulphur | 1| 1|12| 4| 8| 4| 2| 4| 2| 2| 1| 1| 8| 1| |Charcoal | 4| 2|17| 5|11| 7| 4| 8|12| 8| 2| 2|27| 2| |Nitre | 8| 5|50|16|32|16| 9|16|20|16| 4| 4|36| 4| |Meal powder | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| 3| 1| 1| 1| 2| 6| 2| |Steel-filings | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| 1| +---------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

_BURSTING FIRE._

+---------------+--+--+--+ |Number | 1| 2| 3| +---------------+--+--+--+ |Meal powder | 1| 1| 8| |Grain powder F | -| 1| -| |Charcoal | -| -| 1| +---------------+--+--+--+

_STARTING FIRE._

+---------------+--+--+ |Number | 1| 2| +---------------+--+--+ |Charcoal | 1| 3| |Meal powder | 8|16| |Sulphur | -| 4| |Nitre | -| 6| +---------------+--+--+

_WHEEL AND FIXED CASE._

+----------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Number | 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9|10|11|12|13|14|15|16| +----------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Meal powder | 8|24| 8|36| 4|18| 8|12|42| 4|16|10|13|16|20|40| |Sulphur | 1| 1| -| 1| -| -| 1| 1| 3| -| -| -| 1| -| 1| 4| |Charcoal | 1| 4| 1| 4| 1| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| 3| |Nitre | 2| 3| -| -| 2| 2| 1| 3| 8| -| 2| -| 1| -| -|24| |Steel-filings | -| -| -| -| -| 5| 3| 3| 5| 1| 5| -| -| -| -| 6| |Vegetable black | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| 1| 2| -| -| 1| |Realgar | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| 1| -| -| 1| |Litharge | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| 3| 3| 2| +----------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

_SQUIB AND SERPENT._

+----------------+--+--+--+ |Number | 1| 2| 3| +----------------+--+--+--+ |Sulphur | 1| -| -| |Charcoal | 1| 1| -| |Nitre | 2| -| -| |Meal powder | 8| 8| 4| |Steel-filings | -| -| 1| +----------------+--+--+--+

_PINWHEEL._

+---------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Number | 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9|10|11|12|13| +---------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Sulphur | 1| 3| 5| 3| 7|14| 4| 4|2 |2 |3 |2 | -| |Nitre | 1| 4| 9| 5| 9|16| 8| 4| 5| 2| 3| 2| -| |Meal powder | 2| 9|15| 8|20|32|26|16|36|26|35|18| 3| |Sulphuret of Antimony| -| -| -| -| 1| 3| 1| -| -| -| -| -| -| |Beech sawdust, fine | -| -| -| -| -| -| 1| -| -| -| -| -| -| |Oxalate of Soda | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| 3| -| -| -| -| -| |Litharge, fine | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| 2| -| -| -| -| |Orpiment, or Realgar | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| 2| 3| -| -| |Vegetable black | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| 1| 2| -| -| |Nitrate of Lead | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| 3| 1| +---------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

_SAXON._

+----------------------+--+--+--+ |Number | 1| 2| 3| +----------------------+--+--+--+ |Sulphur | 1| 3| 5| |Nitre | 1| 4| 9| |Meal powder | 2| 9|15| +----------------------+--+--+--+

_FIVE-POINTED STAR._

+----------------------+--+--+ |Number | 1| 2| +----------------------+--+--+ |Meal powder | 3| -| |Sulphur | 8| 2| |Nitre |12| 5| |Sulphuret of Antimony | 1| 1| +----------------------+--+--+

_SPUR-FIRE, FOR FLOWER-POTS AND STAR-CANDLES._

+--------------------------------+--+--+--+--+ |Number | 1| 2| 3| 4| +--------------------------------+--+--+--+--+ |Vegetable black | 7| 2| 3| 4| |Sulphur |14| 5| 4|16| |Realgar, or Sulphuret of Arsenic| 2| 1| 1| 2| |Nitre |32|16|10|32| |Meal powder | -| 3| -|17| |Charcoal | -| -| -| 4| +--------------------------------+--+--+--+--+

_TOURBILLION._

+-----------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Number | 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9|10|11|12|13| +-----------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Sulphur | 1| 3| 3| 7| 3| 4| 4| 4| 2| 4| 1| 7| 4| |Nitre | 4| 5|16|10| 8|32|17|17| 4| 8| 8|20|14| |Charcoal | 2| 3| 8| 4| 3| 6| 4| 5| -| -| -| -| 3| |Meal powder | 1|11| 8|24|16|32| -| -| 4| 9|10|23|13| |Steel-filings | -| -| -| 8| 6| 5| -| -| -| -| -| -| 2| |Cast Iron Borings| -| -| -| -| -| 8| 6| 8| 3| 4| 7|14| 5| +-----------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

_BENGAL LIGHT._

+------------------------------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Number | 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| +------------------------------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Sulphuret of Arsenic, Realgar, or Orpiment| 1| 1| 2| 1| -| -| |Sulphuret of Antimony | -| -|10| 5| 1| 1| |Minium, or Red Lead | -| -| 1| 1| -| -| |Sulphur | 4| 2| 6| 3| 4| 2| |Nitre |14| 6|24|14|14| 6| +------------------------------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+

_BLUE LIGHT._

+----------------------+--+--+ |Number | 1| 2| +----------------------+--+--+ |Nitre |12| 5| |Sulphur | 4| 2| |Meal powder | 3| -| |Sulphuret of Antimony | 1| 1| +----------------------+--+--+

_WASP LIGHT._

+------------------+--+ |Number | 1| +------------------+--+ |Nitre |14| |Sulphur | 5| |Meal powder | 3| |Realgar | 1| +------------------+--+

_PORTFIRE._

+------------------+--+--+--+--+ |Number | 1| 2| 3| 4| +------------------+--+--+--+--+ |Meal powder | 3| 1| 1| 5| |Sulphur | 4| 2| 2| 8| |Nitre |12| 4| 6|25| +------------------+--+--+--+--+

_SHELL FUSE._

+------------------+--+ |Number | 1| +------------------+--+ |Meal powder | 4| |Nitre | 2| |Sulphur | 1| +------------------+--+

_GERBE._

+------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Number | 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9|10|11|12| +------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Sulphur | 2| 3| -| 1| -| 2| 3| 2| 2| 2| -| -| |Nitre | 2| 2| -| -| -|10| 6| 4| 9| 4| -| -| |Meal powder |16|36| 4| 8|16| -| 9|16| 2| 2| 8| 3| |Steel-filings | 1| 6| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| |Cast Iron Borings | 5| 8| 1| 3| 8| 7| 5| 8| 5| 3| -| -| |Charcoal | -| -| -| -| 1| 2| 2| 1| 2| 2| -| -| |Coke grains | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| 1| -| |Porcelain grains | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| 1| +------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

_TAILED, STREAMER, OR COMET STARS, FOR ROCKETS, SHELLS, AND ROMAN CANDLES._

+----------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Number | 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9| +----------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Vegetable black | 1| 3| 3| 6| -| -| -| -| 3| |Charcoal | 2| 8| 2| 3| 1| 3| 6|12| 2| |Sulphur | 5|24| 2| -| 2| 4| 1| 2| 2| |Nitre | 5|24| 9| -| 8| 9|10|20| 9| |Meal powder | 8|30| 6|16| -|20| 5| 7| 6| |Oxalate of Soda | -| -| -| -| 4|12| -| -| -| |Sulphuret of Antimony | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| 4| +----------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

_OILED TAILED STARS FOR ROCKETS AND SHELLS._

+----------------------+--+--+--+ |Number | 1| 2| 3| +----------------------+--+--+--+ |Charcoal | 9| 6| 2| |Sulphur | 9| 5| 2| |Nitre |32|18| 9| |Meal powder |24|12| 5| |Sulphuret of Antimony |16| 9| 4| +----------------------+--+--+--+

To 1 ounce add twenty-four drops of boiled linseed oil: rub them thoroughly together in a mortar; then spread out the mixture, for a few days, to dry. When dry, mix with starch, dextrine solution, or gum water, and chop into 3/8 or 1/2 inch cubical blocks.

_STEEL STARS FOR ROCKETS AND SHELLS._

+------------------+--+--+--+--+ |Number | 1| 2| 3| 4| +------------------+--+--+--+--+ |Nitrate of Lead | 8|24|28| -| |Chlorate of Potash| 3| 5| 6| 5| |Charcoal | 2| 6| 6| 1| |Steel-filings | 2| 6| 6| 3| |Nitre | -| 4| 3| -| |Shellac, fine | -| -| 1| -| |Sulphur, washed | -| -| -| 1| +------------------+--+--+--+--+

Mix together on paper, damp with lac solution, and chop into cubical blocks. The composition may also be pumped into roman candle streamer stars.

_PEARL STREAMER._

+----------------+--+--+--+--+--+ |Number | 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| +----------------+--+--+--+--+--+ |Nitre |12|26| 2| -| -| |Charcoal | 5|11| 1| -| -| |Zinc-filings |14|28| 4|10|15| |Meal powder | -| -| 1| 8|12| |Vegetable black | -| -| -| 1| 1| +----------------+--+--+--+--+--+

_GOLD RAIN._

+------------+--+--+--+--+--+ |Number | 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| +------------+--+--+--+--+--+ |Sulphur | 1| 1| 1| -| -| |Nitre | 2| 2| 2| -| -| |Charcoal | 6| 1| 5| 1| 3| |Meal powder |16| 6|18| 4| 8| +------------+--+--+--+--+--+

_SILVER RAIN._

+---------------------+--+--+--+--+ |Number | 1| 2| 3| 4| +---------------------+--+--+--+--+ |Steel-filings | 1| 2| 2| 3| |Meal powder | 4| 7| 8| -| |Nitre | -| 1| -| 2| |Sulphur | -| -| 1| -| |Charcoal | -| -| -| 3| |Nitrate of Lead | -| -| -|10| +---------------------+--+--+--+--+

_WHITE OR BRIGHT STARS._

+-----------------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Number | 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9|10|11|12| +-----------------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Meal powder | 3| 3| -| 1| 1| 1| 1| 1| 3| -| -| -| |Sulphur | 4| 6| 4| 2| 3| 2| 2| 1|11| 5| 7| -| |Nitre | 8|14|14| 5|10| 6| 9| 4|48|24| -|18| |Sulphuret of Antimony | -| -| 1| -| 3| -| 2| 1|10| 5| 6| 3| |Sulphuret of Arsenic, Realgar| -| -| -| 1| -| 1| -| -| -| 3| 5| -| |Minium, or Red Lead | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| 2| -| -| |Nitrate of Lead | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| 3| |Chlorate of Potash | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -|28| |Shellac | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| 5| +-----------------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

_SUGAR BLUES FOR STARS AND LANCES._

+---------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Number | 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9| +---------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Chlorate of Potash | 8|36|40|40|36| 9|44|40| 6| |Calomel | 4|18|24|24|12| 3|12| -| 5| |Sugar | 3|12| 9|12| 4| 1|12| 9| 4| |Sulphuret of Copper | 5|22|22|12| 4| 3|12|22| -| |Stearine | -| 1| 2| 1| 3| 1| 1| 2| -| |Oxychloride of Copper| -| -| -| 3| 4| 2| 5| -| -| |Sal Ammoniac | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| 6| -| |Copper-filings | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| 1| +---------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

No substance combines better with salts of copper, than sugar. Sugar, put into the bowl of a tobacco pipe, and placed in the fire, burns fiercely, and is converted into caramel. This, poured on to a plate, slightly smeared with butter, to prevent its sticking, hardens on cooling; and is used for colouring brandy, vinegar, gravy, porter, coffee, &c. Stearine must be scraped very fine from a composite candle.

_BLUE STARS AND LANCES WITHOUT SUGAR._

+--------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Number | 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9|10|11|12|13|14|15| +--------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Chlorate of | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Potash | 5|40|18|40| 6| 8|48|40|24|16|30|24| 8|22|40| |Calomel | 4|20| 8|28| 2| 2|12|12| 6| 8|10| 8| 1| 8|20| |Sulphuret of | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Copper | 4|20|10|28| -| 2| -| -| -| -| -| -| 3| 6|25| |Shellac | 1| 5| -| -| -| -| 2| 2| 1| -| -| 1| -| -| 5| |Oxychloride | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | of Copper | -| 2| -| -| -| -| 8| 9| 6| 5|10| 4| 1| 2| -| |Dextrine | -| -| 5|10| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| 2| |Sulphur | -| -| -| -| 3| 4| 4| -| 1| 2| 3| 2| 3| 5| -| |Stearine | -| -| -| 3| -| -| 1| 1| 2| 2| 3| 1| -| -| -| |Black Oxide | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | of Copper | -| -| -| -| 1| 1| 1| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| |Copper-filings| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| |Sal Ammoniac | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| +--------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

+--------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Number |16|17|18|19|20|21|22| +--------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Chlorate of | | | | | | | | | Potash | 6|16|24| 2| 5|40|40| |Calomel | 3| 1| 8| -| -| -| -| |Sulphuret of | | | | | | | | | Copper | 5| -| -| -| 1|20|22| |Shellac | -| -| 1| -| -| 5| -| |Oxychloride | | | | | | | | | of Copper | -| 2| -| 1| 1| -| -| |Dextrine | 2| -| -| -| -| -| -| |Sulphur | -| 4| 2| 1| 2| 5| 5| |Stearine | -| -| -| -| -| -| 3| |Black Oxide | | | | | | | | | of Copper | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| |Copper-filings| -| -| 5| -| -| -| -| |Sal Ammoniac | -| -| -| -| -| 6| 6| +--------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

_CRIMSON AND SCARLET STARS AND LANCES._

+--------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Number | 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9|10|11|12|13|14|15| +--------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Chlorate of | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Potash |16| 8|16|16|24|16| 5|16| 8|16|25| 4|32| 6|16| |Nitrate of | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Strontian |16|16|32|32| -|16| 4|24| 5| 6|30| 7|48| 5| -| |Sulphur, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | washed | 5| 6| 9|12| 6| 5| 2| -| 1| -|10| 1| 6| -| -| |Charcoal, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | fine | 1| 1| 1| 1| 1| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| |Shellac | -| 1| 4| 2| 2| -| -| 7| 1| 4| 3| 1|12| 1| -| |Calomel | -| -| 7| -| 6| 1| -|14| 2| 2| 9| 2|12| 5| -| |Sulphuret | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | of Copper | -| -| 3| 1| -| -| -| 1| 1| 1| 3| 1| -| 1| -| |Realgar, or | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Orpiment | -| -| -| -| -| 1| 1| 1| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| |Vegetable | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | black | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| 1| -| 1| -| -| |Loaf Sugar | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| 7| |Carbonate | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | of Strontian| -| -| -| -|10| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -|11| +--------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

+--------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Number |16|17|18|19|20|21|22| +--------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Chlorate of | | | | | | | | | Potash |28|32|26|96| 8|24| 8| |Nitrate of | | | | | | | | | Strontian | -|42|10|72|12|18|12| |Sulphur, | | | | | | | | | washed | -|13| 5|24| 2| -| 2| |Charcoal, | | | | | | | | | fine | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| |Shellac | -| 4| 3|21| 4| 5| 3| |Calomel |12|12|10|42| -| -| 4| |Sulphuret | | | | | | | | | of Copper | -| 4| 1| 4| 1| 5| -| |Realgar, or | | | | | | | | | Orpiment | -| -| -| -| -| 1| -| |Vegetable | | | | | | | | | black | -| 1| -| -| -| -| 1| |Loaf Sugar |12| -| -| -| -| -| -| |Carbonate | | | | | | | | | of Strontian| 5| -| -| -| -| -| -| +--------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

It is impossible to powder shellac sufficiently fine, by hand; and, twenty years ago, it could not be procured. About that time the drug-grinders, finding a demand for it, submitted it to the action of the stamping mills, (mechanical pestle and mortar), and now it can be obtained at most shops. Chertier mixed it with salt; melted the two together; powdered the mixture; and washed out the salt. Such process is needless now. It is useless, unless as fine as wheaten flour. Page, of 47, Blackfriars Road; and Chubb, of 29, Old Street, St. Lukes, London, supply it.

_GREEN OR EMERALD STARS AND LANCES._

+--------------+--+--+---+--+---+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Number | 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9|10|11|12|13|14|15| +--------------+--+--+---+--+---+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Chlorate of | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Potash |16| 8|132|32|144| 8| 3| 1| -|16| 6|12|16| 3|48| |Nitrate of | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Barytes |16| 8|108|54|160|21| 2| -| -| 8| 7| 5| 8| 3|42| |Chlorate of | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Barytes | -| -| -| -| -| 3| 2| 2| 4| 8| 3| 4| 4| -| -| |Sulphur, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | washed | 5| 4| 6| 6| 4| 7| 1| 1| 1| 5| -| -| 1| -| -| |Charcoal, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | fine | 1| 1| -| -| -| 1| -| -| -| 1| -| 1| -| -| -| |Sulphuret of | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Antimony | -| 1| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| |Calomel | -| -| 48|27|100| -| -| -| -| -| 5| 2| 2| 2| -| |Shellac | -| -| -|24| 12|12| 2| -| -| -| -| 3| 4| -| 7| |Vegetable | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | black | -| -| -| 1| 1| 1| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| |Loaf Sugar | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| 5| -| -| 2| 7| |Salammoniac | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| 5| |Orpiment, or | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Realgar | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| |Sulphuret of | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Copper | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| +--------------+--+--+---+--+---+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

+--------------+--+--+---+--+--+ |Number |16|17| 18|19|20| +--------------+--+--+---+--+--+ |Chlorate of | | | | | | | Potash |22|24|108|24|16| |Nitrate of | | | | | | | Barytes |22|32|108|32|48| |Chlorate of | | | | | | | Barytes | -| -| -| -| -| |Sulphur, | | | | | | | washed | -|10| 18| 8|12| |Charcoal, | | | | | | | fine | -| -| -| -| 1| |Sulphuret of | | | | | | | Antimony | -| -| -| 2| -| |Calomel |10| -| 48| -| 8| |Shellac | 1| -| 24| -| 5| |Vegetable | | | | | | | black | -| -| 1| -| -| |Loaf Sugar |14| -| -| -| -| |Salammoniac | -| -| -| -| -| |Orpiment, or | | | | | | | Realgar | -| 3| -| 3| -| |Sulphuret of | | | | | | | Copper | -| -| -| -| 2| +--------------+--+--+---+--+--+

If powdered nitrate of barytes, and shellac crushed by being hammered in a bag, are mixed together, and melted in a pipkin, over the fire, the mixture, when cold, may be reduced to a powder in an iron mortar, with patience. Take Number 6. Weigh out 21 parts nitrate of barytes, and 2 parts of coarsely powdered lac; melt them together; when cold, powder them; and add the other substances in proper proportion. Shellac may be melted with nitrate of strontian, in the same way.

_DEEP AND PALE YELLOW STARS AND LANCES._

+----------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Number | 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9|10|11|12|13|14|15| +----------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Chlorate of Potash | 8| 4|12|16|12|16| 4| 4|16| 3| 8|16|16| 4| 8| |Oxalate of Soda | 3| 2| 8| 4| 4| 4| 3| 1| 4| 4| 4| 5| -| 1| -| |Bicarbonate of Soda | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| 3| -| 3| |Nitrate of Strontian | -| -| -| -| -| -|20| -| -| -|16| -| 4| -| -| |Carbonate of Strontian| -| -| -| 3| 2| 3| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| |Nitrate of Barytes | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| 4|10| -| -| 3| -| -| |Sulphur, washed | -| -| -| 4| 4| 4| -| 1| 2| -| 6| 5| -| -| -| |Shellac | 2| 1| 3| -| 1| 1| 5| -| 2| 3| 1| -| 4| 1| -| |Stearine | -| -| -| -| -| 1| -| -| 1| -| -| -| -| -| -| |Charcoal, fine | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| 1| 1| -| -| -| |Orpiment, or Realgar | -| -| -| 1| 1| 1| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| 1| |Sugar | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| 1| 3| +----------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

_MAUVE AND LILAC STARS AND LANCES._

+----------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Number | 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9| +----------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Chlorate of Potash |28|17|60|40|25|24|24|25|12| |Calomel |12| -| -| -|10|12|12| -| -| |Shellac | 4| -| -| -| 5| 5| 5| -| -| |Nitrate of Strontian | 4| 4|25|14| -| 4| -|16|16| |Sulphuret of Copper | 2| 7|20| -| 5| 2| 2| -| -| |Stearine | 1| -| -| -| 1| -| 1| -| -| |Sulphur, washed | -| 7|35|16| -| -| -|12| 2| |Chloride of Lead | -| 1| -| 2| -| -| -| -| -| |Nitrate of Lead | -| -| -| -|10| -|12| 1| -| |Oxychloride of Copper | -| -| 8|12| -| -| -| 6| -| |Salammoniac | -| -| 1| -| -| -| -| -| -| |Vegetable black | -| -| -| 1| -| -| -| 1| 1| |Nitre | -| -| -| 2| -| -| -| 2| 1| |Carbonate of Strontian| -| -| -| -| 5| -| 4| -| -| |Orpiment, or Realgar | -| -| -| -| -| -| 1| -| 1| +----------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

_PURPLE AND VIOLET STARS AND LANCES._

+----------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Number | 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9|10|11|12| +----------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ |Chlorate of Potash |42|28|48|16| 6|16| 3| 6|26|30|96|24| |Nitrate of Strontian |42|14|48| -| 4| -| -| 1| -| -|24| -| |Sulphur, washed |13| -|28| 2| 1| 6| 1| 3| -| 3| -| 2| |Calomel |12|14|28| 7| 2| 6| 2| 2|20| 8|48| 8| |Sulphuret of Copper | 4| 1|40| 8| 1| -| 3| -| 3|12| 1| -| |Shellac | 4| 5| 1| -| 1| -| -| -| -| 4| -| 1| |Vegetable black | 1| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| |Black Oxide of Copper | -| -| -| -| -| 4| 4| 1| -| -| -| -| |Carbonate of Strontian| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| 4|12| -| -| |Sugar | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -|14| -|42| -| |Oxychloride of Copper | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| 4| |Stearine | -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| -| 2| +----------------------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

_MAGNESIUM COLOURS FOR STARS AND ASTEROIDS._

+---------------------+--------+--------+------+-----+-------+------+ | Colours. |Crimson.|Scarlet.|Green.|Blue.|Yellow.|White.| +---------------------+--------+--------+------+-----+-------+------+ |Nitrate of Strontian | 8 | 6 | - | - | - | - | |Chlorate of Barytes | - | - | 12 | - | - | - | |Oxychloride of Copper| - | - | - | 2 | - | - | |Oxalate of Soda | - | - | - | - | 2 | - | |Sulphuret of Antimony| - | - | - | - | - | 1 | |Chlorate of Potash | 2 | 4 | - | 5 | 4 | - | |Nitre | - | - | - | - | - | 12 | |Sulphur | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | - | 4 | |Charcoal | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |Shellac | - | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | - | |Calomel | - | 4 | - | 2 | - | - | |Magnesium-filings | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | +---------------------+--------+--------+------+-----+-------+------+

_SLOW FIRES, TO BE HEAPED UPON A TILE IN SHAPE OF A CONE, AND LIT AT TOP._