Chapter XIV: Part 14

The California _Fruit Grower_, a weekly horticultural paper mentioned below, has since its beginning a few years ago made dried fruit its specialty, and has contained many important articles on our industry, and in its columns may be found the most reliable raisin statistics published in this State. The San Francisco _Examiner_ contained in 1888 a series of articles on raisins, contributed by this author. The San Francisco _Chronicle_ has from time to time given much space to the raisin industry, and its horticultural editor, George F. Weeks, has most ably contributed to the dissemination of knowledge about our California raisins. A special raisin edition of this paper appeared February 2, 1890. Another San Francisco paper, the _Journal of Commerce_, contains much information as regards raisin statistics and the progress of the raisin industry generally, and its files may be consulted with much interest and profit. Among Eastern journals I wish only to call attention to the _Fruit Trade Journal_ published at New York up to date (June, 1890); it contains weekly statistics of raisin sales, etc., all of great interest to the grower and packer. An important contribution to the history of the raisin industry is the work by Professor E. J. Wickson,--“California Fruits, and How to Grow Them.” It contains several chapters on grapes, most conscientiously written and very reliable. This book will always remain as a standard work of reference upon the subject. Professor E. W. Hilgard has during a number of years published essays upon topics related to our industry, all most valuable to the practical grower. They are enumerated below.

I may also mention the _Rural Californian_, published in Los Angeles. It devotes from time to time some space to the raisin industry of the southern part of the State. In the Reports of the State Board of Horticultural Commissioners will be found several papers upon the raisin industry, all mentioned below. Similarly the Reports of the State Board of Viticultural Commissioners contain several important and very interesting essays on raisins, etc., which are duly mentioned below. In these reports we find articles by T. C. White and W. B. West and others, as well as interesting discussions by growers. The _California_, a journal of rural industry, which commenced publication this year (1890), and is issued weekly and monthly, makes the raisin industry a specialty. It has already contained many articles contributed by our most successful growers, such as A. D. Barling, T. C. White, A. B. Butler, Frank Ball, Wm. Forsyth, etc., and also by this author. In the way of illustrations, California is fortunate to possess a most exquisite work on grapes. We refer to the very fine colored prints of California grape varieties published by Edward Bosqui. Among the number are our Muscat of Alexandria and Seedless Sultana. Each one of these plates is a work of art, than which there is nothing superior produced anywhere.

Below follows an enumeration of books, which to a greater or less degree refer to the raisin industry. For access to many of them I am indebted to the kindness of the proprietor of the Sutro Library, Mr. Adolph Sutro, of San Francisco, and to his librarian, Mr. George Moss.

ANSTED, D. T.: Ionian Islands in 1863. London, 1863.

ARQUIMBAU, JOHN D., United States Consul at Denia: Raisins in Denia.
United States Consular Reports, No. 41½, pages 681 and 682. 1884. Mr.
Arquimbau is the largest packer in Valencia.

AUDIBERT, JOSEPH: Les Raisins Secs. Paris, 1884. This work treats
almost exclusively of dried grapes imported from Turkey and Greece to
France for wine-making.

BALL, FRANK H.: My Work in the Raisin Vineyard. MS. to be published in
_California_ for July, 1890.

BARLING, A. D.: Culture and Curing. In Vol. I, No. 4, of monthly
_California_, a Journal of Rural Industry, El Verano, Cal.; also in
same weekly No. 14, April 12, 1890.

BEAUJOUR, F.: Tableau du Commerce de la Grèce. Paris, 1880.

BLOWERS, R. B.: Report on Raisin-making in California. First Annual
Report of the State Board of Viticultural Commissioners. San
Francisco, 1881. Pages 13 to 15.

BORDE, ANDREW: Breviary of Health. 1542.

BULLETIN, THE SAN FRANCISCO: Published by Messrs. Pickering and Fitch,
San Francisco. The Bulletin was the first of the large San Francisco
papers to devote time and space to the horticultural and viticultural
interests of California, and its weekly issues between 1875 and 1890
have been full of valuable information upon these subjects.

CALIFORNIA, a Journal of Rural Industry: Published by The California
Company, San Francisco. Gustav Eisen, Horticultural Editor. Contained
a series of articles on Raisins, by the author, commencing January,
1890, to date (June, 1890).

CHAMPIN, AIMÉ: Vine Grafting. Translated by J. H. Wheeler, in Second
Annual Report of the Chief Executive Viticultural Officer to the Board
of State Viticultural Commissioners for the year 1882-83, Appendix
III. Sacramento, 1883.

CHIPMAN, GEN. N. P.: Report Upon the Fruit Industry of California.
Published by the Board of Trade. San Francisco, 1889.

CHRONICLE, THE SAN FRANCISCO: Published by M. H. de Young, San
Francisco. This large daily paper contains in the weekly and Sunday
issues much valuable information about horticultural subjects. The
issue of Feb. 2, 1890, was especially devoted to the raisin industry,
and was most ably edited by George F. Weeks, its horticultural editor.

COLMET: Dictionary of the Bible. 1838. Grapes of Eschol, seedless.

CORYAT, THOMAS: Crudities. London, 1776.

DAVY, JOHN: Notes and Observations on the Ionian Islands and Malta.
London, 1842.

DIRECTORY OF THE GRAPE-GROWERS AND WINE-MAKERS OF CALIFORNIA; compiled
by the State Board of Viticultural Commissioners of California.
Sacramento, 1888.

DODOENS, REMBERT (Dodonaeus Rembertus): Histoire des Plantes. Antwerp,
1557.

DOWLEN, E.: Several Reports on the Mysterious Vine Disease to the
State Board of Viticultural Commissioners of Cal.; published in the
San Francisco _Merchant and Viticulturist_ during 1889-90. These
reports of carefully conducted experiments are highly interesting.

EISEN, GUSTAV: Raisin-grape Growing. A series of articles on the
Growing, Curing and Packing of Raisin Grapes. Published in the San
Francisco _Examiner_, both in the daily and weekly, during the months
of September and October, 1888; also a series of articles on Raisins,
in _California_ for 1890.

ENGLISH SOURCES: Under this heading I have referred to a pamphlet on
Dried Fruits, by an unknown English author, privately printed and
circulated. The part pertaining to raisins is very detailed and
contains much information of which I have made free use in this book.
It was kindly placed at my disposal by Mr. Thomas Nelmes, of Pasadena.
The book being without title and the author unknown, I cannot refer to
it in any other way. The pamphlet appears to have been printed in
1876.

EXAMINER, THE SAN FRANCISCO: Published by W. R. Hearst, San Francisco.
Contained during the months of Sept, and Oct., 1888, a series of
articles upon Raisin-grape Growing by the author of this book. In
March, 1890, appeared a special Fresno number, with much information
about the raisin industry (author unknown).

FARLOW, W. G.: On the American Grapevine Mildew. Bulletin of the
Bussey Institution, March, 1876. Boston, Mass.

GALLOWAY, B. T.: The Journal of Mycology. Published by the U. S.
Department of Agriculture, Washington. Several volumes published in
serial to date, 1890. Contains articles on Grape Fungi, etc.

GRASSET DE SAINT SAUVEUR, JACQUES: Voyage dans les Iles et Possessions
des Venetiennes. Paris, 1800.

GROCER AND COUNTRY MERCHANT, THE SAN FRANCISCO: Published by Briggs
and Harrington, San Francisco. Devotes much attention to raisins, as
well as to other rural industries of California.

HACKLUYT, RICHARD, REV.: Principal Navigations, Voyages and
Discoveries made by the English Nation. London, 1589.

HARKNESS, H. W.: Fungi on the Pacific Coast. Bulletin of the
California Academy of Sciences. Vol. II, 1886 to 1887. San Francisco,
1887.

HARTEMA, LUDOVICUS DE: In Hakluyt. Principal Navigations, Soc. ed., p.
77. Mentions seedless raisins from the Town of Reame in Arabia Felix.

HEAP, G. H., United States Consul-General at Constantinople: Fruit
Culture in Turkey. United States Consular Reports, No. 41½, pages 726
to 740. 1884.

HILGARD, E. W.: Alkali Lands, Irrigation and Drainage, etc. University
of California, College of Agriculture, Appendix VII, Report for the
year 1886. Sacramento, 1886.

---- Investigation of California Soils. Appendix I, Report of the
Professor in Charge, etc. University of California, College of
Agriculture. Sacramento, 1882.

---- The Rise of Alkali in the San Joaquin Valley. University of
California, Agricultural Experimental Station, Berkeley, Cal. Bulletin
No. 83.

---- Abnormal Deposits on Vine Leaves. In _same_. Bulletin No. 70.

---- Mysterious Death of Vines. _Same._ Bulletin No. 70.

---- Sulphuring of Vines. _Same._ Bulletin No. 56.

---- Irrigation, Drainage and Alkali. Bulletin No. 53.

---- Examination of Tule, Marsh and Alkali Lands. Bulletin No. 28.

LE BRUN (or BRUYN) CORNEILLE: Voyage au Levant, Delft, 1700. Mentions
seedless raisins in Persia.

LITHGOW, WILLIAM: Adventures and Peregrinations. 1614.

LOCKE, JOHN: Histoire de la Navigation. Paris, 1722.

MARSTON, H. C., United States Consul at Malaga: Fruit Culture in
Malaga. United States Consular Reports, No. 41½ pages 682 to 689.
1884.

---- Malaga Raisins. United States Consular Reports, No. 10.
Republished in said Reports, No. 41½, pages 691 to 693. 1884.

MAS ET PULLAT: Le Vignoble. Paris, 1876-77. On page 73, tome I, we
find a figure of a Muscat of Alexandria with round berries, and which
undoubtedly is nearly related to the Gordo Blanco. It is not the true
Muscat of Alexandria. As synonyms are given Gordo Blanco and (Don
Simon Roxas is referred to as authority) also Uva Zibeba. The latter
is undoubted the same as our Muscat of Alexandria. Another synonym is
Muscatel Romano, which again is only another name for Gordo Blanco.
The French authors have undoubtedly everywhere confounded the two
varieties. In the same work, page 31, tome I, we also find the White
Corinth referred to as the currant grape of Zante, which is erroneous.

MORYSON, FYNES: Itinerary, containing Twelve Years’ Travels through
Turkey, France, etc. 1617.

NIEBUHR, CARSTENS: Description de l’Arabie (Trans, from German).
Copenhague, 1773. Mentions “Kishmish” seedless raisins from Arabia.

NOUVEAU DUHAMEL ou Traité des Arbres et Arbustes. Paris, 1815. On pl.
No. 65, tome 7, figures Muscat d’Alexandria. This variety differs from
our Muscat of Alexandria by having the berries less tapering, like
the “Malaga.” On pl. 72, tome 7. there is a figure of White Corinth,
but the bunch is too loose to be characteristic.

PACIFIC RURAL PRESS: Edited by Prof. E. J. Wickson. Published by Dewey
& Co., San Francisco; weekly. It contains in its pages occasional
references to the raisin industry. The issue of Mays, 1877, contained
an article on Huasco Grapes of Chile.

PALLAS: Voyages dans pl. Provinces de l’Empire de Russie. I, b 13,
“Kyshmish” seedless raisin grapes from Astrachan.

PIERCE, N. B.: The Mysterious Vine Disease. Essay read before the
State Horticultural Convention in Los Angeles, March, 1890. Published
in _California_, a Journal of Rural Industry, Vol. III. No. 18, pages
2 and 3, 1890.

PLINIUS: Historia Naturalis. Lib. xiv cap. iv, _a_, mentions _raisins_
such as Duracinæ and Amineans; cap. ii, _b_, Muscadella and Apiariæ;
_c_, Corinth grapes.

RANDOLPH, BERNARD: Present State of Morea, Island of Zante, etc. 1689.

REPORTS OF THE STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF CALIFORNIA: First Raisins
Produced in California. Sacramento, 1863. Page 88.

REPORTS OF THE STATE BOARD OF HORTICULTURE OF CALIFORNIA: Biennial
Report for 1885 and 1886; also Appendix for 1887. Sacramento, 1887.

---- Third Biennial Report. Sacramento, 1888.

---- Official Report of the Tenth Fruit-growers’ Convention of the
State of California, etc. Sacramento, 1889.

---- Official Report of the Eleventh Fruit-growers’ Convention, etc.
Sacramento, 1889.

---- Annual Report of the State Board of Horticulture. Sacramento,
1890.

RICHARDSON, CHARLES: Dictionary of the English Language. 1836.

ROXAS, DON SIMON: Essai sur les Variétés de Vignes de l’Andalusia.
Gordo Blanco is here designated as the raisin grape of Malaga.

SCRIBNER, F. LAMSON: Report to the Mycological Section of the
Department of Agriculture. In the Reports of the Department of
Agriculture. Washington, D. C., 1886.

STEVENS, W. E., United States Consul at Smyrna: Fruit Culture in Asia
Minor. Pages 744 to 748 of United States Consular Reports, No. 41½.
June, 1884.

STURTEVANT, E. LEWIS: Seedless Fruits. Memoirs Torrey Bot. Club, Vol.
I, No. 4. New York, 1890.

TABLADO, JOSÉ HIDALGO: Tratato del Cultivo de la Vid, y Modo de
Mejorarla. Madrid, 1873. This, the standard authority on viticulture
in Spanish, refers only briefly to the Gordo Blanco as the raisin
grape of Malaga, and gives as synonyms Muscatel Romano and Muscatel
Real, but the description of the grape is unsatisfactory.

TAVERNIER, JEAN BAPTISTE: Six Voyages in Turquie, etc. 1676.

THE CALIFORNIA FRUIT-GROWER: Published by B. N. Rowley, San Francisco;
weekly Horticultural Journal. Contained during 1889 and 1890 several
articles on raisins, among others: White Muscat of Alexandria, in No.
2, Vol. VI; Statistics of Malaga Raisins; also article on Currants, by
L. C. Crowe, etc.

VERNGE, F. DE LA: Mémoire sur la Maladie de la Vigne. Bordeaux, 1853.
I Pl.

WARNER, RICHARD: Antiquitates Culinariæ, 1791. Mentions “The Forme of
Curry,” 1390. a work in which “Raysons of Coraunte” are first
mentioned in English.

WEST, W. B.: Raisin-making in Spain. First Annual Report of the State
Viticultural Commissioners. San Francisco, 1881. Pages 33 to 39.

---- Raisins and Shipping Grapes. Essay read before the Third Annual
State Viticultural Convention in San Francisco, December, 1884.
Published by the San Francisco _Merchant_ in 1884.

WHEELER, J. H.: Bleaching Seedless Sultana Raisins. Annual Report of
the Board of State Viticultural Commissioners for 1887. Sacramento,
1888.

---- Grafting to Muscats. Appendix 14 to the Annual Report of the
Chief Executive Viticultural Officer for the year 1888. Sacramento,
1888. Contains reports from forty-eight grape-growers as regards their
views and success with the grafting of muscats.

WHELER, SIR GEORGE: Journey in Greece. 1682.

WHITE, T. C.: Raisins--Drying, Packing and Preparing for the Market.
Report of Sixth Annual State Viticultural Convention of California.
Sacramento, 1888.

WICKSON, E. J.: California Fruits, and How to Grow Them. Dewey & Co.,
San Francisco, 1889. This, the standard work on fruit-growing in
California, contains much reliable information about the raisin
industry of California.

INDEX

PAGE
Acarnania 29
Acres in Raisins 48, 169
Ætolico 29
Agrotis 101
Aidin 31
Albuñol 12
Alfilerilla 99
Algarve 9
Alicante 10, 15
Alkali 72
Andalusia 8, 9
Antidotes for Alkali 74, 75
Arabs 22
Argentine Republic 59
Argos 29
Arizona 134
Armona 214
Arquimbau, J. D. 21
Arundo donax 20
Ash-trough 131
Assorting 138, 159
Austin, M. F. 39, 122, 210
Australia 11, 59
Australian Salt Bush 74
Average Price 21

Back-furrowing 115
Bag-holders 157
Bags 151
Bairdir 31
Ball, Frank H. 213, 216
Barling, A. D. 213, 216
Baskets 18
Bearing Quality 79
Belvidere 9, 10, 36
Bermuda Grass 74
Bidwell, Gen. J. 44
Bittern 73
Borates 72
Boxes 156, 180
Brands of Raisins 15, 51
Briggs, G. G. 38, 41, 42, 89, 208
Black Currants 90
Black-knot 102
Black Smyrnas 10
Bleeding 26, 128
Blowers, R. B. 38, 42, 208, 209
Bluestone 95
Butler, A. B. 20, 126, 211, 212, 216
Butte County 44

Calcium Chloride 73
Calabrian Raisins 9, 10, 36
California 97
California Dipped 10, 149
California Malagas 10
California Raisin Districts 38
California Sultanas 10
California Sun-dried 10, 133
Cañezos 20
Canvas Covering 145, 146
Carabourna 31, 176
Carbonate of Lime 72, 74
Care of Currant Cuttings 25, 27
Care of Vines in Smyrna 32
Cartoons 156
Cascalina Currants 30
Castellon 15
Castille 8
Catacolo 30
Catcher 140
Caterpillars 100
Cephalonia 27, 29
Chains 131
Chaintre System 127
Chandler, S. R. 121
Chapman, W. S. 38
Chemicals 74
Chenopodium 74
Chesme Raisins 10, 31, 34, 176
Chico 44
Chile Guano 13
Chile Raisins 11, 36
Chios 23
Choice Layers 15
Clark, R. G. 39
Clay for Grafting 26
Cleaning 137, 160
Cleats 149
Climate 12, 17, 30, 37, 40, 41, 48, 56, 60, 67
Coast Vineyards 66, 67
College City 44
Collins, W. E. 48
Color 79
Colure 57, 93
Colusa County 44
Consumption of Currants 29
Cooking 18, 139
Cooper, Ellwood 147
Copper Sulphate 95
Corauntz 6
Corens 6
Corinth 7, 22
Corone 29
Cortez of Cadiz 8
Corynthe 7
Cos 31, 67
Cost of Valencia Raisins 176
Cost of Vineyards 28, 35, 113
Cotton Sacks 51
Covering 123, 145
Cowdung 27
Crimea 38
Crocker-Huffman Reservoir 188
Crop 40, 42, 47, 50, 54, 169
Cropping 74
Cross-plowing 115
Crow, L. C. 29
Crusades 11, 23
Cucamonga 48
Cullera 15
Cultivation 115, 131
Curing 18, 27, 30, 33, 37, 54, 58, 133, 151
Currants 6, 10, 22, 106, 109, 110, 111, 178
Cutter-sleds 116, 131
Cuttings 179

Damage to Raisins 61
Davy, Dr. 61
Dehesa Raisins 7, 9, 13, 15, 87, 90
Deilephila 100
Delano 45
Delmas, A. and D. M. 38
Denia 9, 15, 16
Dibble 130
Dipped Raisins 6, 10, 19, 33, 149
Discoloration 139
Diseases 16, 73, 93
Disposing of Crop at Denia 20
Distances of Vines 13, 18, 25, 30, 46, 104
Dodoens 7
Double Plow 114
Dowlen, E. 97
Downy Mildew 95
Drainage 84
Dried Grapes 10
Dryers 147
Drying 14, 20, 22, 33, 37, 58, 133, 139, 151
Drying Floors 14, 146, 147
Drying in the Shade 10
Dry Season 60
Duracinæ 22
Duty 177, 178

Eisen Vineyard 38
El Cajon 39, 55, 62, 63, 134, 195, 196
Elche 15
Elemê Raisins 10
Elevating the Trays 142
Equality Price 21
Equalizing 162
Erodium 99
Erythroneura 42, 98
Escondido 59
Estremadura 8
Etiwanda 48, 52
Exhausting the Soil 76
Exports 22, 34, 115, 176
Extent of District 15, 30, 45

Facing 157, 160
Fall Rains 60
Faro Raisins 10
Feher Szagos 92
Fertilizing 75
Figliatra 29
Figs 177, 178
Filling 166
Finest Dehesa 15
First Crop 135
Flat Stacking 143
Flavor 90
Flooding 81
Floreal Vineyard 89
Fogs 46, 66
Follower 157
Foreign Districts 10
Forsyth, Wm. 39, 212, 216
Fowler 45, 214
Frames 156
Freeman, George A. 89
Fresno 39, 44, 134, 184, 185, 186, 187
Frost 63
Furrowing for Irrigation 82

Gandia 16, 22
Gargaliano 29
Gastuni 29
Gila River Valley 59, 134
Glauber Salt 73
Goodman, J. T. 39, 88, 211
Gordo Blanco 13, 45, 50, 87, 88
Gould, E. 41
Grading 151, 153, 164
Grafting 25, 117
Graham, George 21
Grasset, St. Sauveur 23
Grasshoppers 102
Great Reasons 5
Grecian Islands 9, 74
Gridley 44
Grocers Company 6
Guadalaviar 18
Gypsum 73, 75

Hakluyt 23, 24
Happy Valley 44
Haraszthy, A. 38
Hardpan Soils 70, 71
Harkness, W. H. 95, 96, 97
Harrowing 179
Health of Vines 79
Heap, G. H. 34, 67
Heat for Drying 139
Highlands 48
Hilgard, E. W. 216
Historical 5, 22
Hoeing 117, 131
Holland 7, 29
Huasco Raisins 36, 89
Hurdles 61

Ideal Conditions 67
Imbat 31
Imperial Clusters 47
Imperial Dehesa 15
Importation 30, 38, 179
Injury to Raisins 65, 139
Insect Pests 93
Ionian Islands 23, 26, 61
Irrigation 17, 18, 37, 49, 54, 60, 77, 85
Italian Raisins 36
Ithaca 24, 29

Jabea 16
Jackson, Byron 150
Jalon 16
Jaraco 16
Jerrea 16
Jucar River 18

Kalamata 29, 30
Karabournou 31
Kaweah River 46
Kells, R. C. 121
Kern 45, 46, 134
Kettles 150
Kyparissia 29

Labeling Press 157
Labels 169
Labor 15
Labors of the Year 124
La Mancha 14, 65
Land Scraper 105
Land Plaster 73
Large Black Raisins 35
Large Red Raisins 35
Latitudes 60
Leaching 73
Leaf-hopper 42, 57, 98
Leon 8
Lepanto 23, 29
Lerdo 45
Levante 65
Lever-press 155
Lexias 9, 10, 15
Ligudista 29
Limits of Raisin Districts 60
Lipari 9, 22, 36
Literature 215, 216, 217, 218
Lithgow 24
Lixivium 9
Location 12, 60
Locke, J. 23
London Layers 15
Longevity of Vines 70
Loose Raisins 21, 158
Lye 19, 149
Lye-dipped 9
Lyeometer 34

Machine-dried Raisins 9
Madeira 94
Madera 45
Magnesium Chloride 73
Malaga 7, 9, 12, 15, 91, 134, 176
Malaga (Cal.) 45
Mai Nero 64, 98
Marking out Vineyard 105
Manilla Paper 158, 180
Manuring 13
Marbella 12
McPherson Bros. 39, 55
McPherson, Robert 209
Mediterranean Basin 11
Merced 45, 46, 182
Merino 8
Mesta 8
Mildew 93
Mirabelle Vineyard 30
Mission Vines 98
Missolonghi 29
Modern Raisin District 11
Modone 29
Moisture 54, 66
Morea 23, 27, 29
Moryson, Fynes 24
Moors 7, 16, 22
Moss, Geo. 216
Murcia 8
Musca 7
Muscatels 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 43, 87
Muscat of Alexandria 16, 50, 57, 87, 88
Mussel Slough 44

Nailing 167
Nathaligo 24
Nauplia 29, 30
Naxos 23
Neglected Vines 137
Nice, Climate of 12
Nisi 29
Northern Raisin Districts 43
North, J. W. 39, 52

Off-stalk 21
Oidium 93
Oleander 214
Olive Oil 150
Olivo 16
Olympia 29
Ondara 16
On-stalk 21
Ontario 48, 52
Orange County 39, 52, 145, 146, 189
Orland 44

Packing-frames 156
Packing-house 153, 205, 206, 207, 214
Packing Raisins 14, 20, 151, 160, 164
Palermo 44
Pantellaria 36
Paper 158
Pasas 22
Pasture Lands 8
Patras 24, 29
Pedreguer 16
Pergos 29
Peronospora 95
Petrasso 24
Philampelus 100
Phœnician 16
Pickers 137
Picking 135, 180
Pierce, N. B. 97
Placer County 43
Planting 18, 25, 41, 53, 104
Planting-bar 88, 130
Plowing 114
Plows 131
Portugal 15
Powdery Mildew 93
Preparing Land 25
Presses 155
Prices 34, 38 52, 58, 115, 170, 179
Prodenia 101
Production 22, 34
Profits 51, 55, 53
Pruning 13, 18, 26, 47, 124, 128, 131, 180
Pupæ 100
Pylia 30
Pylos 29

Quality of Raisins 18, 57, 79

Racemus 5
Radiator 147
Rain 12, 32, 55, 61
Raisin Districts 10
Raisin Grapes 87
Raisin Packers 214
Raisins 5
Raisins, Import of 178
Raisin Vineyards 30, 38, 104
Raysins of Corauntz 23
Reasons 5
Red Currants 91
Redding 44
Redlands 48, 202, 203, 204
Red Raisins 176, 177
Red Spider 100
Retoria 16
Reversing 141
Reysin 5
Ringing the Branches 27, 123
Rinsing 150
Ripeness 135
Ripening 31, 33, 50
Riverside 39, 48, 134, 199, 200, 201
Roberts, Lewis 22
Ronda 12
Roof-stacking 143
Rooted Vines 106, 112, 179
Root-pruning 129
Rosedale 45
Rosine 5
Ross, Newton 51
Rotterdam Colony 182
Royal, Finest Dehesa 15

Saccharine 134
Salt 73
Salt River Valley 134
Samos 31
San Bernardino 39, 48
San Diego 55, 192
Sandy Soils 70
Sanger 45
San Joaquin Valley 44, 181
Santa Ana 14, 52, 55, 134, 145, 190
Santa Maura 24, 29
Scalding 19
Scales 154
Seabreezes 31
Secadero 19
Second Crop 136
Seedless Grapes 9, 90
Seepage 84
Selma 45, 214
Sequero 14
Shasta County 44
Sheep’s-foot 88, 130
Slanting the Trays 142
Smirna 9
Smyrna Raisins 10, 30, 176
Soils 12, 16, 25, 37, 41, 45, 49, 53, 56, 60, 67, 68, 69, 70
Solano 41
Solis 9, 10
Spades 131
Spring Frost 64
Spring Rain 60, 62
Stabler, B. G. 89
Stacking 142, 144
Stanchio 31
Stationers Company 6
Statistics 169
Stems 136
Stemming 151, 154, 158, 180
Stevens, W. E. 32, 35, 61
Stock for Grafting 121
Strentzel, Dr. J. 138
Subirrigation 83
Subsoil 70
Suckering 129
Sulphates 73
Sulphuring 47, 121, 131, 180
Sultana Raisins 6, 9, 10, 45, 135, 177
Summer Pruning 128
Sun-dried Raisins 9, 10
Surface Water 48
Sutro, Adolph 216
Sutro Library 216
Sutter County 43
Sweatboxes 148, 180
Sweat-house 153
Sweating 162
Sweetwater Valley 55, 59

Taking-up 143
Tehama County 44
Temperature 31, 48
Terral 18
Thermalito 44
Thinning the Grapes 123
Thompson Seedless 10, 43, 91
Tin Boxes 158
Tools 106, 130
Tray-catcher 140
Trays 20, 148, 156, 157
Trieste 29
Trifylla 30
Trimming 167
Trucks 131, 137, 157, 160
Tulare 45, 214
Turkish Raisins 92
Turning 140, 180
Tying-over 122
Tyra 31

Uncinula 93, 94
Uva Alexandria 11
Uva Apiariæ 7, 11
Uva Muscæ 11
Uva Passa 26
Uva Zibeba 11

Valencia raisins 9, 10, 15, 21, 175, 176
Varieties of Grapes 13, 35, 37
Velez Malaga 8
Venetians 6
Vergel 16
Villa Joyosa 15
Vine Plague 96
Vostizza 24, 29
Vourla 31, 176

Ward, C. T. 89
Weed-cutter 116
Weeks, George F. 216
Weighing 164
West, W. B. 216
White Corinths 45, 91
White, T. C. 38, 122, 156, 209, 210, 216
Wickson, E. J. 216
Winds 65
World’s Production 177

Yerly 31, 176
Yield 13, 55
Yolo 41
Yuba 43

Zante 23, 29
Zea 67

Additional Notes for 1890.

The first crop suffered considerably from mildew and climatic conditions unfavorable to the setting of the grapes. The second crop, however, is large and very good, and altogether the yield is a satisfactory one. The prices have ruled higher than before and raisins in sweatboxes have been contracted for readily at from 5½ to 6½ cents per pound or even higher. Wine grapes dried here sold for 3 to 4 cents per pound, and Malaga and Feherszagos raisins have brought from 4 to 5 cents. No such prosperous year has before been experienced by the raisin men of this State, and reports come in that many growers are realizing from $250 to $450 per acre from vines in full bearing.

The weather all through the summer has been unusually temperate and thus very favorable to the full development of the grapes, and so far the drying weather has been very favorable for the proper curing of the raisins. Many new packing houses have been established, and the crop is being better cared for than in previous years. The health and general condition of the vines is better than it was last year and the vine plague is less virulent, and according to some reports even on the retrograde. The demand for the raisin product has never been as large as now and there will apparently be no surplus left over, as the demand is rapidly increasing. The above refers especially to the central part of the State, to Merced, Fresno, Tulare and Kern counties, where the prosperous season will encourage increased planting. In Southern California the crop will be fair both in quality and quantity. In El Cajon valley it is reported as very good, and as being one-half larger than last year. Prices here ruled to begin with at from 4½ to 5 cents but rose rapidly to 5½ and 6 cents in sweatboxes.

The duty on raisins has this fall been raised from 2 cents to 2½ cents per pound, which insures an additional profit to the raisin men.

* * * * *

_Rain-fall of 1889-90._--The rain-fall of 1889-90 in the Central and Northern raisin districts of California was as follows:

======+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+======
|Oct.|Nov.|Dec.|Jan.|Feb.|Mar.|Apr.|May.|Total.
------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------
Fresno|3.10|1.43|3.80|2.16| .65| .92| .29| .25|12.60
Tulare|4.17| .43|2.60|2.75| .74| .81| .22| .20|11.92
Kern |2.04| .22|1.75|1.20| .16| .24| | .06| 5.67
Yolo |8.14|3.04|9.62|6.36|3.69|3.35|1.60|2.21|37.41
Yuba |5.87|3.73|9.01|4.44|4.65|6.71|1.85|2.55|38.81
======+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+======

The above figures are from the “tables of rainfall in the principal agricultural counties” of California, compiled and published by Albert Montpelier, Esq., Manager of the Grangers’ Bank, San Francisco, but no report is made of the rain-fall in the counties of San Bernardino and San Diego, and statistics of those counties are not at hand.

* * * * *

_Duty on Raisins._--The revised tariff of 1890 makes the duty on imported raisins 2½ cents per pound, an increase of ½ cent on the old schedule. Currants, Zante and others, are now on the free list and pay no duty.

~RAISIN BOXES, RAISIN TRAYS, SWEAT BOXES.~

KINGS RIVER LUMBER CO.,

SANGER, FRESNO COUNTY, CAL.

San Francisco Office, 109 California St., San Francisco, California.

Manufacturer of and Wholesale and Retail Dealer in all kinds of

Lumber, Boxes, Doors, Sash, Blinds and Mouldings.

This Company has at Sanger the best appointed Box Factory, Door, Sash
and Blind Factory and Planing Mill in the State.

Special Mill Work of all kinds Estimated on and Furnished.

ALL KINDS OF BOXES MANUFACTURED AND IN ANY QUANTITY RAISIN AND ORANGE
BOXES A SPECIALTY.

This Company manufactures, at its works at Sanger, Raisin Boxes of all
sizes from the very best of Sugar Pine, cut from its own lands, which
for quality of material, perfection of workmanship and printing have
no equal.

THE COMPANY HAS AT ALL TIMES IN STOCK AND FOR SALE

LUMBER OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS, GRAPE STICKS, POSTS, SHINGLES, SHAKES,
PICKETS AND LATH.

ORDERS SOLICITED AND PROMPTLY EXECUTED.

* * * * *

YOSEMITE COLONY.

This Colony is two miles from Merced City, California. Merced, from
its fine fountains, is now known as “The Fountain City.” It is the
county seat of Merced County. The Southern Pacific Railroad, a
transcontinental line, passes through this place, from San Francisco
to New York. The Oakdale Line from the north also starts from Merced
City, giving direct communication by rail with Sacramento Valley,
Oregon, Washington, and all points north. Merced City is the nearest
point in the San Joaquin Valley to the great Yosemite Park, and
commands the only passable railroad route to this “World’s Greatest
Wonder.” Merced City also lies in a direct line from Yosemite, through
Pacheco Pass, in the Coast Range, to Del Monte, on the Bay of
Monterey. These great natural advantages are now being developed on a
scale commensurate with nature’s own great gifts. The largest and most
costly irrigating canal in the United States has been completed, and
is now discharging the crystal snow waters, fresh from the Yosemite
Falls, into Lake Yosemite, one mile from this colony. Thus we find
ourselves in the possession of a combination of nature and art, which
present advantages in climate, health, water privileges, wealth of
soil and their productions which are not as fully possessed by any
other locality in California. And, as an enduring crown to our
prosperity, we point to the late Act of Congress of the United States
in setting apart the Yosemite Park, with her giant Sequoia and
sugar-pine forests, insuring and perpetuating the annual snow and rain
on the watershed of our canal system. The Yosemite Colony contains
about 5,000 acres, and is beautifully situated by the side of Lake
Yosemite, and bounded on the north by the fine Colony of Rotterdam.
“The Yosemite” was the first colony subdivided and placed on the
market after the perfection of our irrigating system, two years ago;
and a large main ditch was then brought by the proprietor from Lake
Yosemite to and through these lands. Young Orange Groves, Almonds,
Prunes and Apricots, Figs, Pomegranates, Peaches, etc., etc., have
already been planted; also several fine young Raisin Vineyards, of
only two years’ growth, which this autumn produced raisins of the most
superior quality. The soil is from four to twelve feet in depth, with
under strata of heavy, rich clay, which will always insure an
abundance of moisture, when with proper irrigation. These lands are
all free from alkali, and about one-half of them situated on the rich,
alluvial plain; the other half are gently rolling, and extend into the
red gravelly soils, so much prized for Olives, Oranges, Lemons, Wine
Grapes and Strawberries, while the lower levels are especially prized
for the famous Muscat Raisin Grape, as well as for the Prune, Almond,
Pear, Apricot, Alfalfa and Vegetables. Merced City, situated one
hundred and fifty miles from San Francisco by rail,--one hundred miles
from the coast,--in the center of the San Joaquin Valley, is also the
exact geographical center of the State--north, south, east and west.

We are not offering you land that has not been thoroughly tested to
produce what we advertise. Neither are we offering you hog wallows,
salt grass and alkali flats; but we offer you a block out of one of
the richest fields of California. As to health, we challenge the whole
world to surpass us. Our locality is free from malaria; and fogs in
summer and autumn are unknown in this dry and equable climate. Not
only is our locality free from fog, and fanned by the gentle
invigorating sea-breezes from the south and southwest, but we are
protected from the harsh, desiccating northwest winds, offering a
retreat to the weak and ailing; and its rich and attractive location
contributes greatly to its charms.

For scenic beauty it has but few, if any, superiors in California.
Standing at the lake, or on any other elevated point on the Colony, a
most inspiring panorama is presented to the eye. The vision reaches
one hundred and fifty miles south and east, and takes in the ever
snow-capped Sierra Nevada; thence south and southwest we follow the
long blue line of the Coast Range to the Mt. Diablo, one hundred and
thirty miles to the northwest, in the vicinity of San Francisco.
Looking to the north and east, you see looming up the grand Sierra
Nevada, with its mantles of perpetual snow, seemingly so near in the
pure air that, although it is one hundred miles to the summit,
strangers are almost tempted to quit the green colony fields and visit
them as an afternoon stroll.

A fine school-house has been erected on the Colony, at a cost of
$5,000, and is now in good working order. Trees of one and two years’
growth border most of the avenues, including Palms, Locust, Olive,
Magnolia, Eucalyptus, Mulberry, etc., etc.

Under our irrigation system the owner of the land purchases water from
the Canal Company which is filed in the County Recorder’s books, and
is then inseparable from the land, and is always conveyed as a part of
the realty.

We now offer you this land, together with perpetual water-right, at
from $150 to $200 per acre, according to quality and location. No land
will be deeded to any persons except actual settlers. As inducements
to families, we will plow and prepare the land ready for planting, as
our aim is to settle these lands with families. Payments may be made
in installments to suit purchasers. We make the following liberal
offer to those who do not feel able to pay cash for the land: The
purchaser is to build and occupy a neat and substantial cottage; also
build all needed outhouses, paint or whitewash the same, and plant the
land to such trees and fruits as may be agreed to be the best. This
done the first payment will be deferred for five years, one-quarter to
be paid annually thereafter. Said sum agreed to be paid to bear eight
per cent interest per annum from date of sale. Deed will be given
purchaser when he builds and plants, and the purchase price secured by
mortgage on the premises. A family with from $1,500 to $2,000 to make
their improvements can settle down and safely wait until their fruits
or raisin vineyard come into bearing. The whole purchase price should
be produced from the lands the fifth year.

For those who have not experience, or are desirous of avoiding the
expense of team and tools, we will plant, cultivate, irrigate and care
for their orchard and vineyard until it comes into bearing. It will be
worth about $25 per acre to furnish and plant the first year, and $10
to $15 per acre each year thereafter. The above figures mean
compensation for good, first-class work.

We have already some fine planted tracts for sale, embracing Raisin
Vineyards, that will come into bearing next year (1891), also young
Orange Groves, as well as deciduous Fruit Orchards. We also aim to
keep a vacant cottage on the Colony, for the accommodation of each
newcomer until such time as he can build on a lot of his own choice.
Deciduous Fruit Trees can be planted commencing January 1st, and as
late as the 1st of April. Orange Trees in March and April. Grape
vines, rooted or cuttings, should be planted in February or March.
Peaches and Apricots will bear light crops the third year. Pears,
Almonds, Figs and Oranges will begin to bear the fourth year. Raisins
begin to bear, from the cuttings, in the third year. One year’s time
is gained by planting rooted vines. It is safe to expect $50 per acre
the third year from rooted vines, and $100 per acre the fourth year,
at least, gross product. A respectable cottage should be built, with
from four to five rooms, at a cost of from $500 to $800; barn, $200.
One pair of horses and harness, $150; milch cow, $25; tools, $25; wood
is high, $7 per cord; flour, $3 to $4 per barrel of 200 lbs.; beef,
from 6 cts. to 10 cts. per lb.; hens, from $5 to $7 per dozen; eggs,
from 25 cts. to 50 cts. per dozen; building lumber, $25 per M. in the
valley or farming sections of the State. Male labor on the farm, $30
per month, except four or five months in the summer, when they receive
$1.50 to $2 per day. Female labor has never been ample, and commands
from $20 to $30 per month. Families coming out here can bring with
profit all clothing, bed-clothing, table cutlery and such articles as
would not be bulky. Large furniture or farming implements will not
bear transportation.

The very favorable conditions existing for small farming in this rich
valley of California, where water can be obtained to render crops
certain, are not generally known in the East and Europe. For instance,
our breadstuffs (wheat) must be shipped around Cape Horn to Liverpool
to find a market. Beef and pork the same. Our wool also has to go
around the Horn or across the Continent. The consequence is that the
fruit farmer eats the cheapest bread and beefsteak of any people in
the world. Our woolen mills are able to furnish the finest and
cheapest clothing worn. Labor is high, and everything the small farmer
produces is high, including poultry, vegetables and fruit, and will
always be so. The big farmer can’t get at this business with his steam
engine and long sickle. We can close Europe and the United States out
of the fruit-producing business, and force them to become consumers.
Why? Because of the certainty of our crops, and because we have the
whole valley for a drying house.

Address or call upon the undersigned, owners and proprietors,

V. C. W. HOOPER &. SON,

MERCED, MERCED COUNTY, CALIFORNIA.

* * * * *

EISEN & STEWART,

Real Estate and Horticultural Land Brokers,

* DELANO, *

KERN COUNTY, ---- CALIFORNIA.

~We make horticultural lands a specialty, and offer special bargains
in the Kern and Tulare Irrigation District, and in the Poso Irrigation
District. These lands are suited to Olives, Raisins, Oranges, other
fruits and alfalfa. They are now cheap, but will soon rise in value,
and become as high priced as any in the State.~

~We also attend to the business of absent owners, and we guarantee
satisfaction.~

~_Correspondence solicited._~

* * * * *

THE

YOST WRITING MACHINE

Acknowledged by Experts to be The Best.

~THE YOST is full of New and Valuable Improvements, and is guaranteed
to do as represented~.

FOR CATALOGUES, TESTIMONIALS, ETC., SEND TO

J. P. MIGHELL & CO.

413 MONTGOMERY STREET

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.

* * * * *

Thompson’s Seedless Grape

MAKES ABSOLUTELY

SEEDLESS RAISINS

The very best for Culinary Use!

This Grape has been thoroughly tested in California, having been grown
and raisins made of it, in Sutter County, for the past fifteen years.

It is far superior to the Sultana, being much sweeter, a heavier
cropper, more easily dried, and ripens earlier.

For rooted vines, guaranteed true to name, address,

B. G. STABLER,

YUBA CITY,

Sutter County, California.

Prices reasonable; given on application for both one and two-year old
rooted vines. Will also send _sample of raisins, if desired_.

* * * * *

Described by Prof. Eisen.

In a communication to _California_, a Journal of Rural Industry, May
No., 1890, entitled “With the Fruit Growers in Sutter County,” Prof.
Eisen thus refers to Mr. Stabler, and his work: “Mr. B. G. Stabler
makes a specialty of dried peaches and seedless raisins, and has
succeeded well with both. The principal raisin-grape of this vicinity
is the little-known seedless grape, Lady Decoverly, here known as the
Thompson Seedless, he being the first to grow it. Years ago, about
1872, this gentleman saw advertised in an Eastern Catalogue a seedless
grape, said to come from Constantinople, and was called the Lady
Decoverly. It proved to be very different from the common Sultana,
being of yellow color, and of oblong shape. It is certainly strange
that this singular variety of grape should have existed here so many
years, and failed to attract general attention. It is an enormous
bearer, heavier even than the Sultana, and ripens early in August. It
makes very choice raisins for cooking purposes. The color is similar
to that of the Muscatel, and makes a raisin of beautiful color. Among
other novelties in the way of fruit, Mr. Stabler has a Chance Seedling
Apricot, which promises to be something extraordinary. It is not yet
in bearing, * * * but think of apricot leaves six inches in diameter,
and limbs many times as long and strong as those of ordinary apricot
trees,” etc.

* * * * *

FRESNO AND MERCED

COUNTY LANDS

TO RENT AND FOR SALE.

75,000 ACRES OF WHEAT AND SUGAR-BEET LAND in the above counties to
rent for a term of years; also =100,000 acres= of fine Raisin, Fruit,
Alfalfa and Sugar-Beet Land, with water for irrigation, for sale in
tracts of from twenty acres to large tracts suitable for colony
purposes.

For particulars apply to

E. B. PERRIN,

402 Kearny Street,

SAN FRANCISCO.

* * * * *

FRESNO AGRICULTURAL WORKS

MANUFACTURERS OF

Raisin · ·

Machinery;

All KINDS OF

Vineyard Tools

LEVELING and
CANAL SCRAPERS.

SEND FOR

Descriptive

Catalogue.

ADDRESS,

JAMES PORTEOUS, FRESNO, CAL.

* * * * *

GUSTAV EISEN,

HORTICULTURAL LAND AND RAISIN EXPERT.

I have had twenty years of experience in fruit growing, raisin-grape
growing, raisin making, and in other horticultural industries, in
California, Central America, Mexico and Europe. I make it a specialty
to assist and advise those engaged in horticultural pursuits. Whether
you wish to select land or plant it to vines and trees, whether you
are a capitalist, the member of a syndicate or a farmer, my services
will be a thousand times more valuable to you than the reasonable
charge I make for them. If you are not acquainted with land, soil,
climate or the profits of the horticultural industry you intend to
engage in, you will find it to your advantage to engage me to make you
thorough and truthful reports.

All matters strictly confidential and charges reasonable.

Address,

=GUSTAV EISEN=,

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES,

~_San Francisco._~

* * * * *

YOSEMITE | ILLUSTRATED IN
| COLORS

PUBLISHED BY

H. S. CROCKER & COMPANY

215 BUSH STREET, SAN FRANCISCO

_THE FINEST | _It has no rival. Each book is wrapped in heavy
| paper and enclosed in a specially made box, suitable
HOLIDAY GIFT_ | for presentation to friends. For shipment East, we
provide an extra heavy box. Size of book, 12 x 16 inches._

Full Morocco, or Undressed Kid $15.00
Half Undressed Kid 12.50
Full Cloth, elegant paper edges 11.00

* * * * *

H.S. CROCKER | 215, 217, 219
| BUSH STREET
& COMPANY | SAN FRANCISCO

Wholesale Stationers
Printers, Lithographers and Bookbinders

A FULL AND ELEGANT LINE OF

FRUIT AND RAISIN LABELS AND PAPERS ALWAYS ON HAND

_OUR SPECIALTIES ARE_

_Incorporation Outfits_ _Bank Supplies_ _Copperplate Engraving_
_Map and Pamphlet Printing_ _of Visiting-Cards and_
_Stationery Outfits_ _Wedding Invitations_

CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED

* * * * *

THE FRUIT REGION OF MERCED.

The fruit lands now offered for settlement by the Crocker Land and
Water Company are situated in the very center of California. Besides
being so favorably located, they offer advantages which are not
possessed by any other lands in the State. The fifty-five thousand
acres, which are now for the first time subdivided, consist of virgin
pasture and wheat lands, which have become too valuable to be devoted
to their former use. They are now being irrigated by the most
expensive and magnificent irrigation system on the continent, by a
canal capable of carrying 4,000 cubic feet of water per second, and by
the artificial lake Yosemite, the most extensive irrigation reservoir
ever built in America. The water from this system is abundant and
continuous; it comes from the snow-capped Sierra, from the Falls of
the Yosemite, and will suffice to irrigate and fertilize hundreds of
thousands of acres more than are offered for sale.

These fruit and horticultural lands are situated in the warm belt of
the foot-hills of the Sierra Nevada, protected by sheltering hills,
traversed by natural creeks and surrounded by the grandest scenery
known to man. The famous Yosemite is almost within sight, and the
high-peaked Sierra can be reached in a day’s journey. The Coast Range,
with Mt. Diablo, is in full view, while the fresh breezes from the San
Pablo Bay temper the climate, and contribute to make it one of the
finest, most salubrious and most enjoyable in the world. Through the
irrigation water always at the command of the horticulturist, our
lands are being transformed into beautiful orchards, vineyards and
meadows. The peach, the prune, the apricot, the pear and the
raisin-grape are made to flourish, and the olive to produce its
valuable oil, the orange and the lemon their golden fruit. The
colonies already established are situated in the thermal belt of the
Sierra, in the finest citrus region of the State, in a district equal
to the best anywhere, and in a territory remarkable for its earliness
and productiveness. Every variety of temperate and semi-tropical fruit
is now growing within sight of the colonies,--the almond, the olive
and orange upon the more elevated land; the peach, the prune, the
apricot, the pear and the raisin-grape upon that of a more alluvial
nature. The Rotterdam Colony contains now over a hundred settlers from
Holland; other colonies are being established by English and American
farmers, by doctors, lawyers and professional men of every station in
life. The people whom we invite, and who have responded to our call,
are the most desirable, the most intelligent, the most energetic and
the most refined classes. They are now building up horticultural
communities of the most prosperous nature.

The lands we offer are situated six hours by railroad from San
Francisco. They are traversed by two railroads, and the principal
colony is only four miles from Merced City, the county seat, while
some of our land joins, and actually surrounds, that town. Our prices
are low, and our terms very reasonable. We offer various grades of
land, all eminently suitable for the highest state of horticulture, at
prices ranging from $75 to $175 per acre, with water.

For particulars address the

Crocker-Huffman Land and Water Company,

MERCED,

Merced County, Cal.

Transcriber’s Notes

Inconsistent and unusual spelling, hyphenation and capitalisation have
been retained, unless mentioned below; this also applies to
non-English words and phrases.

Robert McPherson and Robert MacPherson are presumably the same person.

Page 29, table: the data given do not add up to the totals given.

Page 216, Audibert: the full title is L’Art de faire le vin avec les
raisins secs.

Changes made:

Some minor punctuation and typographical errors have been corrected
silently.

Footnotes have been moved to directly under the paragraph where they
are referenced.

Several tables have been split or otherwise re-arranged to fit the
available width.

Page ii The Raisin Grapes moved up one level as in text;
Page 6 Venitians changed to Venetians; _Dipped and Sultana_ changed
to _Dipped_ and _Sultana_;
Page 7 Dodoen’s changed to Dodoens’s;
Page 10 elemes changed to elemês; Pantallaria changed to
Pantellaria;
Page 15 known as Velencias changed to known as Valencias;
Page 26 Ionion Islands changed to Ionian Islands;
Page 31 Stan-chio changed to Stanchio;
Page 96, illustration caption: _c._ changed to _b._; its Tuberous
Mycelium changed to their Tuberous Mycelium;
Page 119 illustration captions combined into single caption;
Page 133 as high-grade raisins changed to as many high-grade raisins;
Page 182 about a feet deep changed to about a foot deep;
Page 205 Shacht changed to Schacht;
Page 214 table row Mau, Sadler & Co. moved to before Miller, James;
Schact changed to Schacht;
Page 217 Grasset de Saint Sauveur, Jacque changed to Grasset de Saint
Sauveur, Jacques; Noveau Duhamel On Traité des Arbres ...
changed to Nouveau Duhamel ou Traité des Arbres ...; Rambert
changed to Rembert;
Page 218 varietés changed to variétés;
Page 219 Aetolico changed to Ætolico; Albunol changed to
Albuñol; Cascalira changed to Cascalina; Cooper, Elwood
changed to Cooper, Ellwood;
Page 220 Crocker-Hoffman Reservoir changed to Crocker-Huffman
Reservoir; Eleme changed to Elemê; Gargalino changed
to Gargaliano;
Page 222 Sweat-boxes changed to Sweatboxes; Entry Quality of Raisins
moved to before Racemus;
Index some page numbers have been corrected.