Chapter XXII: The Trend 481

Whither? The future of Russia--Why the revolution has not yet succeeded--Probable outcome of the struggle--Inevitableness of eventual overthrow of present régime--Attitude of foreign Powers--The Russian people during the period of rebellion--Effect upon national character--The Czar and the people--The Czar and the world--What we may expect.

APPENDICES 497

A--Caucasian testimony; B--The Duma’s Reply to the Throne Speech; C--M. Lopuchin’s letter to M. Stolypin; D--Report on Siedlce pogrom; E--Notes on Wages and Cost of Living.

INDEX 529

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

The author and his brigand guide and interpreter _Frontispiece_

Moscow barricades 8

Map: Mr. Durland’s route of travel 10

Moscow barricades 13

The “Volksguard” of Salisburg 22

The Governor-General of the Terek 39

My host--Prince Andronnikov. Some of my officer companions 44

A Cossack house. Interior of the above 50

Outside a Cossack yard. My Cossack driver at home with his family 55

Cossack women on frontier duty in the Province of Assouri 61

Orenburg Cossacks--a family group 68

A Cossack village--Province of the Don. A group of Don Cossacks at breakfast 71

Arrest of suspected working-men--an hourly incident in Baku. Devastated oil-fields. Baku 82

Tiflis. Showing result of artillery fire on town 85

Caucasian types 92

A Georgian village 97

Alikhanoff’s Cossacks 104

Guerrilla warfare 109

“Pacification” 117

The peasants’ friend. Medical students from Moscow University in charge of a famine relief station in Saratoff 128

A typical cottage in the famine district of Saratoff. Examination of credentials 134

A village priest entering a house to bless the bread after the Lenten fast 151

Governor Xanugievitch of Tamboff 157

Marie Spiradonova in prison--the girl who shot the governor of Tamboff 168

Where the first Duma met 179

The Emperor reading his throne speech 186

Two Constitutional Democratic leaders in the first Duma 197

The Duma lobby 203

The Kronstadt insurrection. Loyal troops sent to quell Kronstadt mutiny 233

Youth and old age--Bielostok pogrom victims 249

An infantry patrol. Warsaw. Three soldiers to guard each policeman. Warsaw 270

“Bomb order” 279

A group of leading men in a starving village 290

Women making hay. The “sleeping-box” over the stove. The platform is the family bed in the warm weather 295

A village boulevard. A Russian cemetery 301

A Russian farmer 308

Tartar types--East Russia 325

Carriage used by bomb-throwers at Stolypin’s house 330

Starving peasants in a Tartar village 343

Everything eaten up 349

Famine 354

In the waiting-prison at Tyumen. Ostiaks 363

The great Siberian _Trakt_ 371

Siberia: the start into the Interior 378

Sozonoff--a typical Siberian exile of the intellectual class. Head of a convoy of prisoners on the great Siberian _Trakt_ 383

Horse killed by small bomb thrown to stop the carriage in which state money was being conveyed 395

The wreck of M. Stolypin’s room 406

An “expropriation” 413

Russian workmen and their “_artel_” 443

A Russian coal-miner 451

Cossacks on patrol duty. Victims of a Cossack _pogrom_ 469

Nicholas W. Tchaykovsky, “Father of the Russian Revolution” 487

Catherine Breshkovsky 491