Chapter XXIV: Elysium (2)

[1264] For the text see Windisch, _Ir. Gram._ 120: "Totchurethar bii bithbi at gérait do dáinib Tethrach. ar-dot-chiat each dia i n-dálaib tathardai eter dugnathu inmaini." Dr. Stokes and Sir John Rh[^y]s have both privately confirmed the interpretation given above.

[1265] "Dialogue of the Sages," _RC_ xxvi. 33 f.

[1266] Tethra was husband of the war-goddess Badb, and in one text his name is glossed _badb_ (Cormac, _s.v._ "Tethra"). The name is also glossed _muir_, "sea," by O'Cleary, and the sea is called "the plain of Tethra" (_Arch. Rev._ i. 152). These obscure notices do not necessarily denote that he was ruler of an oversea Elysium.

[1267] Nennius, _Hist. Brit._ § 13; D'Arbois, ii. 86, 134, 231.

[1268] _LL_ 8_b_; Keating, 126.

[1269] Both art _motifs_ and early burial customs in the two countries are similar. See Reinach, _RC_ xxi. 88; _L'Anthropologie_, 1889, 397; Siret, _Les Premiere Ages du Metal dans le Sud. Est. de l'Espagne._

[1270] Orosius, i. 2. 71; _LL_ 11_b_.

[1271] D'Arbois, v. 384; O'Grady, ii. 385.

[1272] _TOS_ iii. 119; Joyce, _OCR_ 314. For a folk-tale version see _Folk-lore_, vii. 321.

[1273] Leahy, i. 36; Campbell, _LF_ 29; _CM_ xiii. 285; _Dean of Lismore's Book_, 54.

[1274] O'Curry, _MC_ ii. 143; Cormac, 35.

[1275] See p. 187, _supra_; _IT_ iii. 213.

[1276] See Gaidoz, "La Requisition de l'Amour et la Symbolisme de la Pomme," _Ann. de l'École Pratique des Hautes Études_, 1902; Fraser, _Pausanias_, iii. 67.

[1277] Rh[^y]s, _HL_ 359.

[1278] "The Silver Bough in Irish Legend," _Folk-Lore_, xii. 431.

[1279] Cook, _Folk-Lore_, xvii. 158.

[1280] _IT_ i. 133.

[1281] O'Donovan, _Battle of Mag Rath_, 50; D'Arbois, v. 67; _IT_ i. 96. Dagda's cauldron came from Murias, probably an oversea world.

[1282] Miss Hull, 244. Scath is here the Other-world, conceived, however, as a dismal abode.

[1283] O'Curry, _MC_ ii. 97, iii. 79; Keating, 284 f.; _RC_ xv. 449.

[1284] Skene, i. 264; cf. _RC_ xxii. 14.

[1285] P. 116, _supra_.

[1286] Guest, iii. 321 f.

[1287] See pp. 103, 117, _supra_.

[1288] For the use of a vessel in ritual as a symbol of deity, see Crooke, _Folk-Lore_, viii. 351 f.

[1289] Diod. Sic. v. 28; Athen. iv. 34; Joyce, _SH_ ii. 124; _Antient Laws of Ireland_, iv. 327. The cauldrons of Irish houses are said in the texts to be inexhaustible (cf. _RC_ xxiii. 397).

[1290] Strabo, vii. 2. 1; Lucan, Usener's ed., p. 32; _IT_ iii. 210; _Antient Laws of Ireland_, i. 195 f.

[1291] Curtin, _HTI_ 249, 262.

[1292] See Villemarqué, _Contes Pop. des anciens Bretons_, Paris, 1842; Rh[^y]s, _AL_; and especially Nutt, _Legend of the Holy Grail_, 1888.

[1293] "Adventures of Nera," _RC_ x. 226; _RC_ xvi. 62, 64.

[1294] P. 106, _supra_.

[1295] P. 107, _supra_.

[1296] For parallel myths see _Rig-Veda_, i. 53. 2; Campbell, _Travels in South Africa_, i. 306; Johnston, _Uganda Protectorate_, ii. 704; Ling Roth, _Natives of Sarawak_, i. 307; and cf. the myth of Prometheus.

[1297] This is found in the stories of Bran, Maelduin, Connla, in Fian tales (O'Grady, ii. 228, 238), in the "Children of Tuirenn," and in Gaelic _Märchen_.

[1298] Martin, 277; Sébillot, ii. 76.

[1299] Burton, _Thousand Nights and a Night_, x. 239; Chamberlain, _Aino Folk-Tales_, 38; _L'Anthropologie_, v. 507; Maspero, _Hist. anc. des peuples de l'Orient_, i. 183. The lust of the women of these islands is fatal to their lovers.

[1300] An island near New Guinea is called "the land of women." On it men are allowed to land temporarily, but only the female offspring of the women are allowed to survive (_L' Anthrop._ v. 507). The Indians of Florida had a tradition of an island in a lake inhabited by the fairest women (Chateaubriand, _Autob._ 1824, ii. 24), and Fijian mythology knows of an Elysian island of goddesses, near the land of the gods, to which a few favoured mortals are admitted (Williams, _Fiji_, i. 114).

[1301] P. 274, _supra_. Islands may have been regarded as sacred because of such cults, as the folk-lore reported by Plutarch suggests (p. 343, _supra_). Celtic saints retained the veneration for islands, and loved to dwell on them, and the idea survives in folk-belief. Cf. the veneration of Lewismen for the Flannan islands.

[1302] Gir. Camb. _Itin. Camb._ i. 8.

[1303] Translations of some of these _Voyages_ by Stokes are given in _RC_, vols. ix. x. and xiv. See also Zimmer, "Brendan's Meerfahrt," _Zeits. für Deut. Alt._ xxxiii.; cf. Nutt-Meyer, ch. 4, 8.

[1304] _RC_ iv. 243.

INDEX

Abnoba, 43.

Adamnan, 72.

Aed Abrat, 65.

Aed Slane, 351.

Aeracura, 37, 44.

Afanc, 190.

Agricultural rites, 3, 4, 57, 80, 107, 140, 227, 237. See Festivals.

Aife, 129.

Aillén, 70.

Aine, 70 f.

Aitherne, 84.

Albiorix, 28.

All Saints' Day, 170.

All Souls' Day, 170.

Allat, 87, 100.

Alpine race, 8, 12.

Altars, 282 f.

Amæthon, 107, 384.

Amairgen, 55, 172.

Ambicatus, 19, 222.

Amours with mortals, divine, 128, 159, 348, 350, 355.

Amulets, 30, 327 f., 323.

Ancestor worship, 165, 200.

Andarta, 41.

Andrasta, 41, 125.

Anextiomarus, 125.

Animal gods, anthropomorphic, 34, 92, 106, 139 f., 158, 210, 212, 226.

Animal worship, 3, 92, 140, 186, 208 f., 260.

Animals, burial of, 186, 211, 221.

Animals, descent from, 213, 216 f.

Animals, domestic, from the gods' land, 37, 384.

Animals, dressing as, 217, 260.

Animals, sacramental eating of, 221 f.

Animals, slaughter of, 382.

Animals, tabooed, 219.

Animism, 173, 185.

Ankou, 345.

Annwfn, 106, 111, 115, 117, 367 f., 381.

Anu, 67 f., 72, 73, 223.

Anwyl, Prof., 41 note, 96.

Apollo, 25, 27, 125, 180, 183, 231.

Arawn, 111, 368, 384, 387.

Archæology, 2.

Arduinna, 43.

Arianrhod, 104, 105, 106, 109 f.

Artemis, 42, 110, 177, 242.

Artaios, 24, 121.

Arthur, 88, 97, 109, 117, 119 f., 211, 242, 344, 369, 381.

Arthurian cycle, 119, 383.

Artor, 121.

Arvalus, 125.

Astrology, 248.

Augustus, 23, 90.

Auto-suggestion, 254.

Avagddu, 116.

Avallon, 120, 369.

Bacchus, 274.

Badb, 58, 71, 72, 136, 137, 232.

Badbcatha, 41, 71.

Balor, 31, 35 note, 54, 57, 89, 90.

Banba, 50, 73, 74.

_Banfeinnidi_, 72.

_Bangaisgedaig_, 72.

Baptism, 196 note, 308 f.

Bards, 117, 299, 325.

Barintus, 88.

Barrex, 125.

Barri, S., 88.

Bear, cult of, 212.

Beddoe, Dr., 12.

Belatucadros, 28, 125.

Belenos, 26, 102, 113, 124, 231, 264, 298.

Belgæ, 9 f.

Beli, 60, 98, 103, 112 f., 124.

_Belinuntia_, 26, 322.

Belinus, 26, 102, 113, 124.

Belisama, 41, 68-69, 125.

Bellovesus, 19.

Beltane, 92, 194, 239, 259, 264.

Bericynthia, 44, 275.

Bertrand, M., 305.

_Bile_, 162, 201.

Bile, 54, 60, 103.

Bird gods, 108, 205, 247.

Birth, 196, 345.

Black Annis' Bower, 67.

Blathnat, 84, 109, 381.

Blodeuwedd, 104, 105 f., 108.

Blood, 240, 244.

Blood, Brotherhood, 131, 240.

Boand, 81, 191.

Boar, cult of, 42.

Bodb, 83.

Bodb Dearg, 64, 78, 86.

Bormana, 43.

Borvo, 43, 183.

Boudicca, 72, 125, 161, 219.

Boughs, 265, 270.

Boundary stones, 284.

Braciaca, 28.

Bran, 34, 98, 100 f., 107, 111, 117, 160, 242, 363, 379 f.

Branwen, 98, 103 f., 381 f., 385.

Braziers, god of, 76.

Brennius, 102, 112 f.

Brennus, 160.

Bres, 53, 54, 58-59.

Brian, 73 f.

Bride, S., 69.

Bridge, 346.

Bridge of Life, 228.

Brigantia, 68, 125.

Brigindo, 68, 275.

Brigit, 41, 58, 68 f., 90, 92.

Brigit, St., 68 f., 88 note, 257.

Broca, 9.

Bronze Age, 148.

Brother-sister unions, 106, 113.

Brown Bull, 130.

Brownie, 166, 189, 245.

_Brug_. See _Síd_.

Brythons, 13.

Brythons, gods of, 85, 95 f., 124.

Buanann, 68, 73, 223.

Bull, cult of, 38, 140, 189, 208, 243.

Burial rites, 309, 337 f.

Caer Sidi, 112, 117, 368.

Cæsar, 22, 29, 219, 223, 233, 283, 294, 334.

Cakes, 266.

Calatin, 131 f.

Calendar, 175 f., 252.

Camulos, 28, 125, 149.

Candlemas, 69.

Cannibalism, 239, 271.

Caoilte, 61, 142, 152, 336.

Caractacus, 103.

Carman, 167.

Carpenters, god of, 76.

Cassiterides, 39.

Cassivellaunus, 113.

Castor and Pollux, 136.

Caswallawn, 98, 102, 112-113.

Cathbad, 127.

Cathubodua, 41, 71.

Caturix, 28.

Cauldron, 84, 92, 112, 116, 120, 368, 381.

Celtæ, 8, 9, 15.

Celtiberians, 176, 246.

Celtic and Teutonic religion, 11.

Celtic empire, 18 f.

Celtic origins, 8 f.

Celtic people, types of, 8.

Celtic religion, evolution of, 3 f.

Celtic religion, higher aspects of, 6.

Celtic religion, homogeneity of, 5.

Celtic religion, Roman influence on, 5.

Celts, gods of, 158.

Celts, religiosity of, 2.

Celts, temperament of, 3, 14.

Cenn Cruaich, 66, 79 note.

Cera, 77.

Cernunnos, 29 f., 32, 101, 136, 212, 282.

Cerridwen, 116 f., 351, 358 f.

Cessair, 50.

Cethlenn, 59, 81.

Cetnad, 249.

Charms, 172, 356.

Church and paganism, 6, 7, 48, 80, 115, 132, 152 f., 174 f., 203 f., 238, 249, 258, 272, 280, 285, 288-289, 315, 321, 331, 389.

Cian, 75, 89.

Clairvoyance, 307.

Cleena, 70.

Clota, 43, 70.

Clutoida, 70.

Cocidius, 125.

Cock, 219.

Columba, S., 17, 66, 88 note, 181, 238, 315, 324, 331-332, 358.

Combats, ritual, 263, 267.

Comedovæ, 47.

Comyn, M., 143, 151.

Conaire, 84, 220, 252, 255.

Conall Cernach, 134, 136, 230, 240.

Conan, 142.

Conception, magical, 351.

Conchobar, 127, 132, 160, 182, 232, 254, 349.

Conn, 367.

Conncrithir, 73.

Connla, 59, 65, 364, 374, 377, 379, 380.

Conservatism in belief, 193.

Coral, 329.

Coranians, 114.

Cordelia, 99.

Cormac, 67, 68, 88, 366.

Corn-spirit, 92, 107, 117, 168, 173, 213, 260, 262, 273 f., 275.

Corotacus, 125.

Cosmogony, 227 f.

Couvade, 130, 224.

Crafts, gods of, 93.

Cranes, 38.

Craniology, 8 f.

Creation, 230.

Creiddylad, 85, 99, 113.

Creidne, 76, 77.

Creirwy, 116.

Crom Dubh, 80.

Crom Eocha, 79.

Cromm Cruaich, 57, 79, 236, 286.

Cross, 290.

Cross-roads, 174.

Cruithne, 17.

Cúchulainn, 72, 109, 121, 123, 159, 174, 179, 220, 240, 252, 254, 336, 349, 355, 357, 365, 369, 381.

Cúchulainn saga, 38, 63, 71, 87, 97, 127 f., 145, 204, 207.

Culann, 128.

Culture goddesses, 4, 68 f.

Culture gods and heroes, 4, 58, 92-93, 106, 121, 124 note, 136.

Cumal, 125, 142, 145 f., 148 f.

Cúroi, 109, 381.

Cursing wells, 137.

Dagda, 44, 61, 64, 65, 72, 74-75, 77 f., 327, 387.

Damona, 43, 215.

Dance, ritual, 246, 268, 286.

Danu, 63, 67 f., 92, 103, 223.

_Daoine-sidhe_, 62.

D'Arbois, M., 31, 38, 56, 59, 74, 79, 90, 136, 178, 264, 293, 314, 341, 357, 374.

Day of Judgment, 347.

Dead, condition and cult of, 68, 165 f., 282, 330, 333 f., 340, 344 f., 378.

Dead Debtor, 337.

Dead, land of, and Elysium, 340 f.

Dead living in grave, 338-339.

Debility of Ultonians, 71, 129 f., 224.

Dechelette, M., 166.

Dechtire, 127 f., 348, 354.

_Deiseil_, 193, 237, 271.

Dei Terreni, 64.

Demeter, 44, 68, 117, 274.

Demons, 173 f., 188.

Devorgilla, 133.

Diana, 42, 177.

Diancecht, 77, 84, 207, 325.

Diarmaid, 82, 83, 88, 100, 142, 147, 150, 210, 220, 252, 254, 351, 365-366.

_Dii Casses,_ 39.

Diodorus Siculus, 334.

Dionysus, 211.

Dioscuri, 136.

Dirona, 42, 70.

Dirra, 70.

Disablot, 169.

Disir, 169.

Dispater, 29 f., 44, 60, 100, 169, 218, 229, 341, 345, 376.

Distortion, 128, 132, 134.

Divination, 235, 247 f., 259, 266, 304.

Divine descent, 351, 354.

Divine kings, 253.

Divineresses, 316.

Diviners, 299.

Divining rod, 248.

Dolmens, 283, 330, 352.

Domestication, 210, 214, 225.

_Dominæ_, 47.

Domnu, 57 note, 59, 223.

Dôn, 60, 63, 103, 223.

Donnotaurus, 138, 209.

Dragon, 114, 121, 188.

Drink of oblivion, 324.

Druidesses, 250, 316.

Druidic Hedge, 324.

Druidic sending, 325.

Druids, 6, 22, 61, 76, 150, 161 f., 173, 180, 201, 205 f., 235 f., 238, 246 f., 250, 265, 280-281, 287 f., 293 f., 312.

Druids and Filid, 305 f.

Druids and magic, 310, 319, 325 f.

Druids and medicine, 309.

Druids and monasticism, 305.

Druids and Pythagoras, 303.

Druids and Rome, 312 f.

Druids, classical references to, 301 f.

Druids, dress of, 310 f.

Druids, origin of, 292 f.

Druids, poems of, 2.

Druids, power of, 312.

Druids, teaching of, 307 f., 314, 333.

Druids, varieties of, 298 f.

Drunemeton, 161, 280, 306.

Dualism, 57 f., 60 f.

Dumias, 25.

Dusii, 355.

Dwelling of gods. See Gods, abode of.

Dylan, 104, 110, 178.

_Each uisge_, 188.

Earth and Under-earth, 35, 37, 68.

Earth cults, 3.

Earth divinities, 31, 35, 37, 40, 42, 44 f., 57 note, 65, 67 f., 72, 78, 92, 110, 162, 169, 227, 229 f., 345.

Eclipses, 178.

Ecne, 74, 223.

Ecstasy, 251.

Egg, serpent's, 211.

Elatha, 53, 58, 60.

Elcmar, 78, 87.

Elements, cult of, 171 f.

Elphin, 118.

Elves, 66 note.

Elysium, 59, 78 f., 84, 87, 102, 106, 115, 116, 120, 163, 201, 229 f., 350, 362 f.

Elysium, and Paradise, 388 f.

Elysium, characteristics of, 373 ff.

Elysium, lords of, 387.

Elysium, names of, 362.

Elysium, origin of, 370 f.

Elysium, varieties of, 363 f.

Emer, 128, 129, 135.

Enbarr, 88, 135.

Eochaid, 83.

Eochaid Ollathair, 78.

Eochaid O'Flynn, 64.

Eogabail, 70.

Epona, 43, 125, 189, 213 f.

Eri, 53.

Eridanus, 27.

Eriu, 73-74.

Esus, 29, 38, 137, 208, 234, 289.

Etain, 82 f., 223, 348, 363, 380.

Etair, 82.

Ethics, 304, 307.

Ethne, 31 note, 89.

Euhemerisation, 49 f., 84, 91, 95, 98, 127.

Eurosswyd, 100.

Evans, Dr., 200.

Evil eye, 59.

Evnissyen, 98.

Exogamy, 222.

_Ex votos_, 195.

Fachan, 251.

Fairies, 43, 45 f., 62, 64 f., 70, 73, 80, 98, 114, 115, 166, 173, 178 note, 183, 185 f., 190, 201, 203, 262, 263, 378.

Fairyland, 372, 385, 388.

_Fáith_, 106, 300, 309.

Falga, 84, 87, 381.

Fand, 65, 87, 88, 135, 365, 380.

Ferdia, 131.

Fergus, 142, 336.

Fertility cults, 3, 56, 70, 73, 78, 83, 92, 93, 112, 114-115, 276, 330, 352, 382 f.

Festivals, 4, 181, 256 f.

Festivals of dead, 167.

Fetich, 289.

Fiachna, 88, 350, 366, 379.

Fians, 143, 365.

_Filid_, 248 f., 300, 305 f., 325.

_Findbennach_, 130.

Finnen, S., 351.

Finntain, 50.

Fionn, 28, 118, 120-121, 125, 142 f., 179, 220, 254, 344, 350, 365-366.

Fionn saga, 83, 97, 111, 120, 142 f.

_Fir Dea_, 63.

_Fir Domnann_, 52 f., 157.

_Fir Síde_, 64, 65.

Firbolgs, 52, 57.

Fires, 199 f., 259, 261 f., 265, 268, 270.

Fires, sacred, 69.

Fish, sacred, 186, 220.

Flann Manistrech, 64.

Flood, 228, 231.

Fomorians, 51, 52 f., 55-56, 65, 72, 83, 89, 90, 114, 133, 189, 237, 251.

Food of immortality, 377 f.

Food as bond of relationship, 379.

Forest divinities, 43, 108.

Fotla, 73-74.

Foundation sacrifices, 238.

Fountains, 171, 174, 181.

Fountains of youth, 378, 388.

Fraoch, 377.

Friuch, 349.

Frazer, Dr. J.G., 170, 176, 269.

Fuamnach, 22.

Funeral sacrifices, 165, 234, 337.

Future life, 333 f.

Galatæ, 18.

Galli, 19.

Gallizenæ, 317. See Priestesses.

Galioin, 52, 57.

Garbh mac Stairn, 139.

Gargantua, 124 note, 230.

Garman, 167.

Gauls, 9, 20.

Gavida, 89, 109.

_Geasa_, 128, 132, 134, 144, 150 f., 160, 252 f. See Tabu.

Geoffrey of Monmouth, 102, 112, 119.

Ghosts, 66, 67, 166, 169, 262, 281, 284, 330, 336.

Ghosts in trees, 202 f.

Gildas, 171.

Gilla Coemain, 64.

Gilvæthwy, 104.

Glass, 370.

Glastonbury, 115, 121, 369.

Goborchin, 189.

God of Connaught, 92.

God of Druidism, 92, 105, 122.

God of Ulster, 92.

Goddesses and mortals, 355.

Goddesses, pre-eminence of, 93, 124, 183.

Godiva, 276.

Gods, abode of, 228 f., 362, 372.

Gods, children of, 159.

Gods, fertility and civilisation from land of, 100, 106-107, 112, 121, 380 f., 383.

Gods uniting with mortals, 159.

Goibniu, 76, 103, 325.

Goidels, 16, 17, 96.

Goll mac Morna, 142.

Gomme, Sir G.L., 181, 295.

Goose, 219.

Govannon, 109 f.

Graal, 383.

Grainne, 150, 254.

Grannos, 26, 42 f., 77, 125, 183.

Gregory of Tours, 194, 196, 275.

Groves, 174, 198, 279 f.

Growth, divinities of, 5, 44, 80, 82, 92, 182.

Gruagach, 245.

Guinevere, 123.

Gurgiunt, 124.

Gutuatri, 298 f.

Gwawl, 99, 111.

Gweir, 106.

Gwion, 117, 351, 381.

Gwydion, 104, 105 f., 117, 368, 385.

Gwyn, 55, 113, 115.

Gwythur, 55.

Hades, 135.

Hafgan, 111, 368.

Hallowe'en, 259, 281.

Hallstatt, 208, 211.

Hallucinations, 323-324.

Hammer as divine symbol, 30, 291.

Hammer, God with, 30 f., 35, 36 f., 79.

Haoma, 76.

Hare, 219.

Harvest, 259, 273.

Head-hunting, 240.

Heads, cult of, 34, 71, 102, 240 f.

Healing plants, 131, 206 f.

Healing ritual, 122, 193 f.

Healing springs, 123, 186.

Hearth as altar, 165 f.

Heaven and earth, 227.

Hen, 219.

Hephaistos, 76.

Heracles, 25, 75, 133.

Heroes in hills, 344.

Hills, 66.

Holder, A., 23.

Horned helmets, 217.

Horns, gods with, 32 f.

Horse, 213 f.

Hu Gadarm, 124 note.

Hyde, Dr., 143-144.

Hyperboreans, 18, 27.

Hypnotism, 307, 310, 323-324.

Iberians, 13.

Icauna, 43.

Iconoclasm, 287.

Igerna, 120.

Images, 79, 85, 204, 277, 283 f.

_Imbas Forosnai_, 248.

Immortality, 158, 333, 376.

Incantations, 80, 248 f., 254, 297, 325.

Incest, 223 f.

Indech, 54, 58.

Inspiration, 116, 118.

Invisibility, 322, 380.

Is, 372.

Iuchar, Iucharbar, 63, 73 f.

Janus, 34, 100.

Joyce, Dr., 65, 143, 236.

Juno, 47.

Junones, 45.

Jullian, 178.

Juppiter, 29.

Kalevala, 142.

Keane, 9.

Keating, 51, 143.

Kei, 122 f.

Keres, 72.

Kieva, 99.

King and fertility, 4, 253.

Kings, divine, 160 f., 243.

Kings, election of, 306.

Kore, 44, 274-275.

Kronos, 59.

La Tène, 208.

Labraid, 65, 365, 369, 380.

Lakes, 181, 194.

Lammas, 273.

Land under waves, 371.

Lear, 86.

Ler, Lir, 49 note, 86, 320.

Lia Fail, 329.

Liban, 65, 365.

Libations, 244 f., 247.

Ligurians, 13.

Llew, 91, 104, 106.

Lludd Llawereint, 85, 99, 102, 113 f., 124.

Llyr, 98 f.

Lochlanners, 56, 147.

Lodens, 113.

Loegaire, 64, 137, 379.

Lonnrot, 142.

Loth, M., 108.

Love, 385.

Lucan, 38, 125, 279, 282, 335 f., 345.

Luchtine, 76.

Lucian, 75, 125.

Lug, 31 note, 35 note, 59, 60, 61, 74, 75, 89 f., 103, 108 f., 128, 131, 134, 137, 167, 272, 348, 353 f.

Lugaid, 132.

Lugnasad, 91, 109, 167 f., 272 f.

Lugoves, 91.

Lugus, 90, 272.

Lycanthropy, 216.

Mabinogion, 2, 95 f.

Mabon, 123, 183.

MacBain, Dr., 16, 56, 78.

MacCuill, MacCecht, and MacGrainne, 74.

Macha, 71, 129, 137, 241.

MacIneely, 89.

MacPherson, 142, 155 f.

Madonna, 289.

Maelduin, 385.

Maelrubha, S. 243.

Magic, 6, 105, 194, 292, 319.

Magic, agricultural, 260, 265-266, 271, 273, 276 note.

Magico-medical rites, 330 f., 332.

Magonia, 180.

Magtured, 53 f., 84.

Man, origin of, 36, 228.

Manannan, 49 note, 64-65, 70, 80, 86 f., 92, 100, 134, 147, 178, 189, 231, 350 f., 358, 364 f., 380, 387.

Manawyddan, 87, 98 f., 100 f., 111, 368.

Mannhardt, 269.

Maponos, 27, 123.

_Märchen_ formulæ, 77, 82, 83, 89, 95, 107-108, 111, 116, 124, 132, 133, 143, 148, 152, 187, 337, 353, 384.

Marriage, sacred, 163, 267, 273.

Mars, 27 f., 85, 180, 214.

Martin, S., 140, 243, 260.

Martinmas, 259. f.

Math, 104 f.

Matholwych, 98.

Matres, 40, 44 f., 72-73, 125, 169, 183, 214, 285, 289.

Matriarchate, 17, 223.

Matronæ, 46, 123, 183.

May-day, 114.

May-queen, 163, 267.

Medb, 130 f.

Medicine, 309 f.

Mediterranean race, 9.

Medros, 84, 209.

Megaliths, 202, 297, 330, 352. See Stonehenge.

Men, cults of, 3.

Mercury, 24 f., 34, 137, 284 f.

Merlin, 120, 121 f.

Mermaids, 190.

Metempsychosis, 303, 348 f.

Meyer, Prof., 16, 294.

Miach, 27.

Mider, 82 f., 209, 363, 380-381.

Midsummer, 70, 92, 176, 184, 191, 194, 200, 215, 235, 239, 257, 268 f.

Mile, 54.

Milesians, 55, 60, 78.

Minerva, 41, 68, 125.

Miracles, 331, 351.

Mistletoe, 162, 176, 199, 205, 243 f., 270.

Mithraism, 209.

Moccus, 24, 210.

Modranicht, 169.

Modron, 123, 183.

Mogons, 27, 125, 180.

Mongan, 88, 120, 350 f., 358.

Moon, 175 f., 246.

Morgen, 159, 178, 369.

Morrigan, 71, 81, 83, 130-131, 136-137, 159, 172.

Morvran, 116, 118.

Mounds, 63, 66.

Mountain gods, 39.

Mountains, 171 f.

Mowat, M., 33, 36.

Muireartach, 56, 179.

Muirne, 148.

Mule, 214.

Mullo, 214.

Music, 329, 386.

Mythological school, 83, 89, 108, 119, 122, 133 f.

Name, 246.

Name-giving, 308 f.

Nantosvelta, 31.

Nature divinities and spirits, 48, 93, 171 f.

Needfire, 199.

Nemaind, 58.

Neman, 71.

Nemedians, 51 f.

_Nemeton_, 161.

Nemetona, 41, 71.

Nennius, 119.

Neo-Druidic heresy, 2 note.

Neptune, 85.

Nera, 339.

Nessa, 128, 349.

Nét, 28, 58, 71.

Neton, 28.

New Year, 170, 259, 261.

Night, 256.

Niskas, 185.

Nodons, 85, 114, 124, 160.

Norse influence, 99, 127.

Nuada, 53 f., 61, 77, 84, 90, 160.

Nuada Necht, 85 f.

Nudd, 113, 115 f., 124, 160.

Nudd Hael, 86.

Nudity, 275-276, 322.

Nutt, Mr., 103, 373.

Nymphs, 43.

Nynnyaw, 113.

Oak, 199.

Oaths, 172 f., 292.

O'Curry, 65, 143.

O'Davoren, 91.

Oengus, 78, 81, 86, 146, 387.

Oghams, 75.

Ogma, 54, 74-75.

Ogmíos, 25, 75.

Oilill Olom, 70.

Oisin, 142, 150-151, 152 f., 222, 364, 379, 387.

Omens, 247 f.

Oracles, 179, 196.

Oran, 238.

_Orbis alius_, 340.

Orbsen, 87.

Ordeals, 196 f., 383.

Orgiastic rites, 80, 261, 265, 386.

Osiris, 66.

Paradise, 388 f.

Partholan, 51.

Pastoral stage, 3, 225, 260.

Patrick, S., 61. 64, 66, 70, 76, 79-80, 132, 151, 152 f., 171, 193, 237, 242, 249, 251, 286, 315 f., 319.

Peanfahel, 17.

Peisgi, 185.

Penn Cruc, 66.

Pennocrucium, 66.

Perambulation, 277.

Persephone, 68, 85.

Picts, 16 f., 217, 220, 222.

Pillar of sky, 228.

Place-names, 16 note, 17, 19, 120, 146, 209, 211.

Plants, 176, 205 f.

Pliny, 162, 175, 198, 205 f., 328.

Plutarch, 343.

Pluto, 34 f.

Plutus, 35.

Poeninus, 39.

Poetry, divinities of, 68, 75.

Pollux, 180.

Polyandry, 74, 223 f.

Polygamy, 17, 224.

Prayer, 245 f.

Pre-Celtic cults, 48, 81, 93, 174, 181, 200, 202, 219, 224, 277, 294 f., 361.

Priesthood. See Druids.

Priestesses, 69, 180, 192 f., 226, 246, 250, 316, 321.

Priest-kings, 161, 226, 267, 296, 307.

Procopius, 342.

Prophecy, 250 f, 300 f.

Pryderi, 98 f., 110 f., 112, 368, 385.

Pwyll, 110 f., 112, 368, 385.

Pythagoras, 303, 334.

_Quadriviæ_, 47.

Ragnarok, 232.

Rain-making, 266, 321 f.

Rebirth, 88, 117, 128, 348 f.

Reinach, M., 31 note, 38, 137, 211, 287, 297, 317, 340.

Relics, 332.

Retribution, 346.

Rhiannon, 98 f., 110 f.

Rh[^y]s, Sir J., 15, 16, 24, 55, 60, 68, 78, 82 f., 91, 93, 100, 101 f., 103, 106, 108, 122, 135, 183, 219, 282, 294, 356, 376.

Rigantona, 111.

Rigisama, 28.

River divinities, 43, 46, 123, 182, 243, 354.

Rivers, cult of, 172, 180 f.

Rivers, names of, 182.

Roman and Celtic gods, 22 f., 289 f.

Romans and Druids, 312 f.

Ruadan, 58.

Ruad-rofhessa, 77.

Rucht, 349.

Rudiobus, 214.

Saar, 150.

Sacramental rites, 222, 260, 266, 271.

Sacrifice of aged, 242.

Sacrifice of animals, 140, 181, 189, 205, 242 f., 260, 265.

Sacrifice, foundation, 121, 238 f.

Sacrifice, human, 57, 79, 165, 190, 198, 233 f., 261, 265, 269, 304, 308, 313, 337.

Sacrifice to dead, 165 f., 234, 337.

Sacrificial offerings, 6, 174, 181, 185, 190, 194, 198, 233 f., 299, 308.

Sacrificial survivals, 244 f.

Saints, 115, 209, 217, 251, 285 f., 288, 331 f., 386 note.

Saints and wells, 193.

Saints' days and pagan festivals, 258.

Salmon of knowledge, 149, 187, 377.

Samhain, 56, 70, 80, 167-168, 170, 222, 256 f., 258 f.

Satire, 326.

Saturn, 47.

Scandinavia and Ireland, 148.

Scathach, 129, 135.

_Scotti_, 17.

Sea, 110, 178.

Sébillot, 342.

Segomo, 214.

Segovesus, 19.

Selvanus, 37.

Semnotheoi, 298, 301.

Sequana, 43.

Sergi, Prof., 9, 296.

Serpent, 35, 166, 188, 211.

Serpent with ram's head, 34, 44, 166, 211.

Serpent's egg, 328.

Serpent's glass, 328.

Setanta, 349.

Shape-shifting, 104, 105, 117, 130, 131, 150, 221, 322 f., 350, 356 f.

_Síd_, 63, 64 note, 65, 78.

Silvanus, 29, 36, 218.

Sinend, 187, 191.

Sinnan, 43.

Sirona, 42.

Skene, Dr., 16, 108.

Slain gods and human victims, 159, 168 f., 199, 226, 235, 239, 262, 269, 272.

Sleep, magic, 327.

Smertullos, 35, 136, 289.

Smiths, god of, 76.

Smiths, magic of, 76.

Solar hero, 133.

Soma, 76.

Soul as animal, 360.

Soul, separable, 140, 162, 270.

Spain, 375.

Spells, 246, 254, 325 f.

Squatting gods, 32 f.

Sreng, 84.

Stag, 213.

Stanna, 42.

Stokes, Dr., 16, 56, 71, 77, 222, 264.

Stone circles, 281.

Stonehenge, 27, 121, 200, 281-282.

Stones, cult of, 174, 284, 329.

Sualtaim, 128.

Submerged towns, 231, 372.

Sucellos, 30 f.

Suicide, 234, 345.

Sul, 41, 69, 125.

Suleviæ, 46.

Sun, 178, 268.

Sun myths, 83.

Swan-maidens, 82.

Swastika, 290.

Swine, 25, 106, 117, 209 f.

Swineherds, The Two, 349.

Symbols, 290.

Tabu, 69, 102, 128, 132, 144, 186, 191 f., 210, 219, 252 f., 276, 304, 306, 323, 372. See _Geasa_.

Tadg, 221.

_Taghairm_, 249.

Tailtiu, 167, 273, 376.

_Táin bó Cuailgne_, 127, 130 f.

Taliesin, 95, 97, 116, 323, 335, 356, 358.

Taran, 124.

Taranis, 29, 30, 234.

Taranos, 124.

_Tarbh Uisge_, 189.

_Tarvos Trigaranos_, 38, 137, 208, 289.

Tattooing, 17, 217.

Tegid Voel, 116.

_Teinm Laegha_, 249.

_Tempestarii_, 175, 180.

Temples, 85, 279 f.

Tethra, 58-59, 71, 75, 374.

Teutates, 28, 125, 234.

Teyrnon, 111.

Three-headed gods, 32 f.

Thumb of knowledge, 149.

Thurnam, Dr., 12.

_Tír na n-Og_, 151, 362, 364.

Tombs as sacred places, 165.

Tonsure, 311.

Torque, 34.

Totatis, 125.

Totemism, 149, 187, 201 f., 216, 323, 360, 379.

Toutatis, 28.

Transformation. See Shape-shifting.

Transformation Combat, 353.

Transmigration, 334 f., 348 f., 356, 359 f.

Tree cults, 162, 169, 174, 194, 198 f., 208, 265, 269, 331, 379.

Tree descent from, 202.

Trees of Elysium, 380.

Trees of Immortality, 377 f.

Triads, 34 f., 39, 95 f., 109, 113-114, 115, 118, 120, 123, 124 note.

Triple goddesses, 44 f.

Tristram, 103.

Tuan MacCairill, 57, 357, 375.

Tuatha Dé Danann, 49 f., 60, 61, 63 f., 66, 92 f., 146, 158, 168, 173.

Tutelar divinities, 40, 45, 73.

Tuag, 87.

_Twrch Trwyth_, 108, 119, 211.

Tyr, 84.

Underworld, 60, 102, 112, 341.

Urien, 101.

_Urwisg_, 189.

Uthyr, 101, 120, 122.

Valkyries, 72.

Vegetation cults, 3, 215.

Vegetation gods and spirits, 38, 92, 139, 159, 162 f., 199, 208, 215, 243, 265, 269.

Venus of Quinipily, 289.

Vera, 70.

Vesta, 69.

_Vierges noires_, 46.

Vintius, 180.

_Virgines_, 47.

Viviane, 122.

Vortigern, 121, 238, 315.

Vosegus, 39.

Votive offerings, 185.

Vulcan, 47.

War chants, 246.

War goddesses, 71, 93.

War gods, 4, 27 f., 48, 71, 92, 115, 118, 123, 136.

Warrior, ideal, 132, 136.

Warrior, power of dead, 338.

Washer at the Ford, 73.

Water bull, 189.

Water fairies, 70, 73 note, 190.

Water, guardians of, 195.

Water horse, 188.

Water world, 192 note, 371.

Waves, fighting the, 178.

Waves, nine, 179.

Weapons, 291.

Wells, 77, 180 f., 184, 191, 193 f., 321, 372.

Wells, origin of, 230.

Wheel, god with, 29.

Wheel symbol, 29, 271, 327.

White women, 73.

Wind, 180.

Windisch, Prof., 16.

Wisdom, 74.

Wisdom from eating animal, 149 note.

Wolf god, 36, 216, 218.

Witch, 201, 203, 262, 268, 318, 321.

Women and magic, 319 f.

Women as first civilisers, 41, 45, 192, 317.

Women as warriors, 72.

Women, cults of, 3, 5, 41, 69, 163 f., 225 f., 274 f., 317.

Women, islands of, 385 f.

World catastrophe, 228, 232.

World, origin of, 230.

Wren, 221.

Yama, 101.

Year, division of, 256.

Yule log, 170, 259.

Zeus, 66, 84, 199 f.

Zimmer, 56, 141, 147.