Chapter II: Preface: To the Third Edition

The favor which has been shown to the "Remarkable History of the Hudson's Bay Company" has resulted in a large measure from its being written by a native-born Canadian, who is familiar with much of the ground over which the Company for two hundred years held sway.

A number of corrections have been made and the book has been brought up to date for this Edition.

It has been a pleasure to the Author, who has expressed himself without fear or favor regarding the Company men and their opponents, that he has received from the greater number of his readers commendations for his fairness and insight into the affairs of the Company and its wonderful history.

GEORGE BRYCE.

KILMADOCK, WINNIPEG,
_August 19, 1910_.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I

THE FIRST VOYAGE FOR TRADE. PAGE

Famous Companies--"The old lady of Fenchurch Street"--The first
voyage--Radisson and Groseilliers--Spurious claim of the French of
having reached the Bay--"Journal published by Prince Society"--The
claim invalid--Early voyages of Radisson--The Frenchmen go
to Boston--Cross over to England--Help from Royalty--Fiery
Rupert--The King a stockholder--Many hitherto unpublished
facts--Capt. Zachariah Gillam--Charles Fort built on Rupert
River--The founder's fame 1

CHAPTER II.

HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY FOUNDED.

Royal charters--Good Queen Bess--"So miserable a
wilderness"--Courtly stockholders--Correct spelling--"The nonsense
of the Charters"--Mighty rivers--Lords of the territory--To
execute justice--War on infidels--Power to seize--"Skin for
skin"--Friends of the Red man 12

CHAPTER III.

METHODS OF TRADE.

Rich Mr. Portman--Good ship _Prince Rupert_--The early
adventurers--"Book of Common Prayer"--Five forts--Voting a
funeral--Worth of a beaver--To Hudson Bay and back--Selling
the pelts--Bottles of sack--Fat dividends--"Victorious as
Cæsar"--"Golden Fruit" 20

CHAPTER IV.

THREE GREAT GOVERNORS.

Men of high station--Prince Rupert primus--Prince James, "nemine
contradicente"--The hero of the hour--Churchill River named--Plate
of solid gold--Off to the tower 27

CHAPTER V.

TWO ADROIT ADVENTURERS.

Peter Radisson and "Mr. Gooseberry" again--Radisson
_v._ Gillam--Back to France--A wife's influence--Paltry
vessels--Radisson's diplomacy--Deserts to England--Shameful
duplicity--"A hogshead of claret"--Adventurers
appreciative--Twenty-five years of Radisson's life hitherto
unknown--"In a low and mean condition"--The Company in
Chancery--Lucky Radisson--A Company pensioner 33

CHAPTER VI.

FRENCH RIVALRY.

The golden lilies in danger--"To arrest Radisson"--The
land called "Unknown"--A chain of claim--Imaginary
pretensions--Chevalier de Troyes--The brave Lemoynes--Hudson Bay
forts captured--A litigious governor--Laugh at treaties--The glory
of France--Enormous claims--Consequential damages 47

CHAPTER VII.

RYSWICK AND UTRECHT.

The "Grand Monarque" humbled--Caught napping--The Company
in peril--Glorious Utrecht--Forts restored--Damages to be
considered--Commission useless 56

CHAPTER VIII.

DREAMS OF A NORTH-WEST PASSAGE.

Stock rises--Jealousy aroused--Arthur Dobbs, Esq.--An ingenious
attack--Appeal to the "Old Worthies"--Captain Christopher
Middleton--Was the Company in earnest? The sloop _Furnace_--Dobbs'
fierce attack--The great subscription--Independent
expedition--"Henry Ellis, gentleman"--"Without success"--Dobbs'
real purpose 61

CHAPTER IX.

THE INTERESTING BLUE-BOOK OF 1749.

"Le roi est mort"--Royalty unfavourable--Earl of
Halifax--"Company asleep"--Petition to Parliament--Neglected
discovery--Timidity or caution--Strong "Prince of Wales"--Increase
of stock--A timid witness--Claims of discovery--To make
Indians Christians--Charge of disloyalty--New Company promises
largely--Result nil 70

CHAPTER X.

FRENCH CANADIANS EXPLORE THE INTERIOR.

The "Western Sea"--Ardent Duluth--"Kaministiquia"--Indian
boasting--Père Charlevoix--Father Gonor--The man of the
hour:--Verendrye--Indian map-maker--The North Shore--A line of
forts--The Assiniboine country--A notable manuscript--A marvellous
journey--Glory, but not wealth--Post of the Western Sea 78

CHAPTER XI.

THE SCOTTISH MERCHANTS OF MONTREAL.

Unyielding old Cadot--Competition--The enterprising Henry--Leads
the way--Thomas Curry--The elder Finlay--Plundering Indians--Grand
Portage--A famous mart--The plucky Frobishers--The Sleeping Giant
aroused--Fort Cumberland--Churchill River--Indian rising--The
deadly smallpox--The whites saved 92

CHAPTER XII.

DISCOVERY OF THE COPPERMINE.

Samuel Hearne--"The Mungo Park of Canada"--Perouse
complains--The North-West Passage--Indian guides--Two
failures--Third journey successful--Smokes the
calumet--Discovers Arctic Ocean--Cruelty to the Eskimos--Error
in latitude--Remarkable Indian woman--Capture of Prince of Wales
Fort--Criticism by Umfreville 100

CHAPTER XIII.

FORTS ON HUDSON BAY LEFT BEHIND.

Andrew Graham's "Memo."--Prince of Wales Fort--The
garrison--Trade--York Factory--Furs--Albany--Subordinate
forts--Moose--Moses Norton--Cumberland House--Upper
Assiniboine--Rainy Lake--Brandon House--Red River--Conflict of the
Companies 109

CHAPTER XIV.

THE NORTH-WEST COMPANY FORMED.

Hudson's Bay Company aggressive--The great McTavish--The
Frobishers--Pond and Pangman dissatisfied--Gregory and
McLeod--Strength of the North-West Company--Vessels to be
built--New route from Lake Superior sought--Good will at
times--Bloody Pond--Wider union, 1787--Fort Alexandria--Mouth of
the Souris--Enormous fur trade--Wealthy Nor'-Westers--"The Haunted
House" 116

CHAPTER XV.

VOYAGES OF SIR ALEXANDER MACKENZIE.

A young Highlander--To rival Hearne--Fort Chipewyan
built--French Canadian voyageurs--Trader Leroux--Perils
of the route--Post erected on Arctic Coast--Return
journey--Pond's miscalculations--Hudson Bay Turner--Roderick
McKenzie's hospitality--Alexander Mackenzie--Astronomy and
mathematics--Winters on Peace River--Terrific journey--The Pacific
Slope--Dangerous Indians--Pacific Ocean, 1793--North-West Passage
by land--Great achievement--A notable book 124

CHAPTER XVI.

THE GREAT EXPLORATION.

Grand Portage on American soil--Anxiety about the
boundary--David Thompson, astronomer and surveyor--His
instructions--By swift canoe--The land of beaver--A dash
to the Mandans--Stone Indian House--Fixes the boundary
at Pembina--Sources of the Mississippi--A marvellous
explorer--Pacific Slope explored--Thompson down the Kootenay
and Columbia--Fiery Simon Fraser in New Caledonia--Discovers
Fraser River--Sturdy John Stuart--Thompson River--Bourgeois
Quesnel--Transcontinental expeditions 133

CHAPTER XVII.

THE X Y COMPANY.

"Le Marquis" Simon McTavish unpopular--Alexander Mackenzie, his
rival--Enormous activity of the "Potties"--Why called X Y--Five
rival posts at Souris--Sir Alexander, the silent partner--Old
Lion of Montreal roused--"Posts of the King"--Schooner sent to
Hudson Bay--Nor'-Westers erect two posts on Hudson Bay--Supreme
folly--Old and new Nor'-Westers unite--List of partners 148

CHAPTER XVIII.

THE LORDS OF THE LAKES AND FORESTS.--I.

New route to Kaministiquia--Vivid sketch of Fort
William--"Cantine Salope"--Lively Christmas week--The feasting
partners--Ex-Governor Masson's good work--Four great Mackenzies--A
literary bourgeois--Three handsome demoiselles--"The man in the
moon"--Story of "Bras Croche"--Around Cape Horn--Astoria taken
over--A hot-headed trader--Sad case of "Little Labrie"--Punch on
New Year's Day--The heart of a "vacher" 155

CHAPTER XIX.

THE LORDS OF THE LAKES AND FORESTS.--II.

Harmon and his book--An honest man--"Straight as an arrow"--New
views--An uncouth giant--"Gaelic, English, French, and Indian
oaths"--McDonnell, "Le Prêtre"--St. Andrew's Day--"Fathoms of
tobacco"--Down the Assiniboine--An entertaining journal--A good
editor--A too frank trader--"Gun fire ten yards away"--Herds of
buffalo--Packs and pemmican--"The fourth Gospel"--Drowning of
Henry--"The weather cleared up"--Lost for forty days--"Cheepe,"
the corpse--Larocque and the Mandans--McKenzie and his half-breed
children 166

CHAPTER XX.

THE LORDS OF THE LAKES AND FORESTS.--III.

Dashing French trader--"The country of fashion"--An air of great
superiority--The road is that of heaven--Enough to intimidate
a Cæsar--"The Bear" and the "Little Branch"--Yet more rum--A
great Irishman--"In the wigwam of Wabogish dwelt his beautiful
daughter"--Wedge of gold--Johnston and Henry Schoolcraft--Duncan
Cameron on Lake Superior--His views of trade--Peter Grant, the
ready writer--Paddling the canoe--Indian folk-lore--Chippewa
burials--Remarkable men and great financiers, marvellous
explorers, facile traders 178

CHAPTER XXI.

THE IMPULSE OF UNION.

North-West and X Y Companies unite--Recalls the Homeric
period--Feuds forgotten--Men perform prodigies--The new fort
re-christened--Vessel from Michilimackinac--The old canal--Wills
builds Fort Gibraltar--A lordly sway--The "Beaver Club"--Sumptuous
table--Exclusive society--"Fortitude in Distress"--Political
leaders in Lower Canada 189

CHAPTER XXII.

THE ASTOR FUR COMPANY.

Old John Jacob Astor--American Fur Company--The Missouri
Company--A line of posts--Approaches the Russians--Negotiates
with Nor'-Westers--Fails--Four North-West officials join
Astor--Songs of the voyageurs--True Britishers--Voyage
of the _Tonquin_--Rollicking Nor'-Westers in Sandwich
Islands--Astoria built--David Thompson appears--Terrible end of
the _Tonquin_--Astor's overland expedition--Washington Irving's
"Astoria, a romance"--The _Beaver_ rounds the Cape--McDougall and
his smallpox phial--The _Beaver_ sails for Canton 193

CHAPTER XXIII.

LORD SELKIRK'S COLONY.

Alexander Mackenzie's book--Lord Selkirk interested--Emigration
a boon--Writes to Imperial Government--In 1802 looks to
Lake Winnipeg--Benevolent project of trade--Compelled to
choose Prince Edward Island--Opinion as to Hudson's Bay
Company Charter--Nor'-Westers alarmed--Hudson's Bay Company's
Stock--Purchases Assiniboia--Advertises the new colony--Religion
no disqualification--Sends first colony--Troubles of the
project--Arrive at York Factory--The winter--The mutiny--"Essence
of Malt"--Journey inland--A second party--Third party under
Archibald Macdonald--From Helmsdale--The number of colonists 200

CHAPTER XXIV.

TROUBLE BETWEEN THE COMPANIES.

Nor'-Westers oppose the colony--Reason why--A considerable
literature--Contentions of both parties--Both in fault--Miles
Macdonell's mistake--Nor'-Wester arrogance--Duncan Cameron's
ingenious plan--Stirring up the Chippewas--Nor'-Westers
warn colonists to depart--McLeod's hitherto unpublished
narrative--Vivid account of a brave defence--Chain shot from
the blacksmith's smithy--Fort Douglas begun--Settlers driven
out--Governor Semple arrives--Cameron last Governor of Fort
Gibraltar--Cameron sent to Britain as a prisoner--Fort Gibraltar
captured--Fort Gibraltar decreases, Fort Douglas increases--Free
traders take to the plains--Indians favour the colonists 215

CHAPTER XXV.

THE SKIRMISH OF SEVEN OAKS.

Leader of the Bois Brûlés--A candid letter--Account of a
prisoner--"Yellow Head"--Speech to the Indians--The chief knows
nothing--On fleet Indian ponies--An eye-witness in Fort Douglas--A
rash Governor--The massacre--"For God's sake save my life"--The
Governor and twenty others slain--Colonists driven out--Eastern
levy meets the settlers--Effects seized--Wild revelry--Chanson of
Pierre Falcon 229

CHAPTER XXVI.

LORD SELKIRK TO THE RESCUE.

The Earl in Montreal--Alarming news--Engages a body of
Swiss--The De Meurons--Embark for the North-West--Kawtawabetay's
story--Hears of Seven Oaks--Lake Superior--Lord Selkirk--A doughty
Douglas--Seizes Fort William--Canoes upset and Nor'-Westers
drowned--"A banditti"--The Earl's blunder--A winter march--Fort
Douglas recaptured--His Lordship soothes the settlers--An Indian
treaty--"The Silver Chief"--The Earl's note-book 238

CHAPTER XXVII.

THE BLUE-BOOK OF 1819 AND THE NORTH-WEST TRIALS.

British law disgraced--Governor Sherbrooke's distress--A
commission decided on--Few unbiassed Canadians--Colonel Coltman
chosen--Over ice and snow--Alarming rumours--The Prince
Regent's orders--Coltman at Red River--The Earl submissive--The
Commissioner's report admirable--The celebrated Reinhart
case--Disturbing lawsuits--Justice perverted--A store-house of
facts--Sympathy of Sir Walter Scott--Lord Selkirk's death--Tomb at
Orthes, in France 252

CHAPTER XXVIII.

MEN WHO PLAYED A PART.

The crisis reached--Consequences of Seven Oaks--The
noble Earl--His generous spirit--His mistakes--Determined
courage--Deserves the laurel crown--The first
Governor--Macdonell's difficulties--His unwise step--A captain
in red--Cameron's adroitness--A wearisome imprisonment--Last
governor of Fort Gibraltar--The Metis chief--Half-breed son of old
Cuthbert--A daring hunter--Warden of the plains--Lord Selkirk's
agent--A Red River patriarch--A faithful witness--The French
bard--Western war songs--Pierriche Falcon 260

CHAPTER XXIX.

GOVERNOR SIMPSON UNITES ALL INTERESTS.

Both Companies in danger--Edward Ellice, a mediator--George
Simpson, the man of destiny--Old feuds buried--Gatherings
at Norway House--Governor Simpson's skill--His marvellous
energy--Reform in trade--Morality low--A famous canoe
voyage--Salutes fired--Pompous ceremony at Norway House--Strains
of the bagpipe--Across the Rocky Mountains--Fort Vancouver
visited--Great executive ability--The governor knighted--Sir
George goes round the world--Troubles of a book--Meets the
Russians--Estimate of Sir George 270

CHAPTER XXX.

THE LIFE OF THE TRADERS.

Lonely trading posts--Skilful letter writers--Queer old
Peter Fidler--Famous library--A remarkable will--A stubborn
Highlander--Life at Red River--Badly-treated Pangman--Founding
trading houses--Beating up recruits--Priest Provencher--A
fur-trading mimic--Life far north--"Ruled with a rod of
iron"--Seeking a fur country--Life in the canoe--A trusted
trader--Sheaves of letters--A find in Edinburgh--Faithful
correspondents--The Bishop's cask of wine--Red River, a "land
of Canaan"--Governor Simpson's letters--The gigantic Archdeacon
writes--"MacArgrave's" promotion--Kindly Sieveright--Traders and
their books 283

CHAPTER XXXI.

THE VOYAGEURS FROM MONTREAL.

Lachine, the fur traders' Mecca--The departure--The flowing
bowl--The canoe brigade--The voyageurs' song--"En roulant ma
boule"--Village of St. Anne's--Legend of the church--The sailors'
guardian--Origin of "Canadian Boat Song"--A loud invocation--"A
la Claire Fontaine"--"Sing, nightingale"--At the rapids--The
ominous crosses--"Lament of Cadieux"--A lonely maiden sits--The
Wendigo--Home of the Ermatingers--A very old canal--The rugged
coast--Fort William reached--A famous gathering--The joyous return 304

CHAPTER XXXII.

EXPLORERS IN THE FAR NORTH.

The North-West Passage again--Lieutenant John Franklin's
land expedition--Two lonely winters--Hearne's mistake
corrected--Franklin's second journey--Arctic sea coast
explored--Franklin knighted--Captain John Ross by sea--Discovers
magnetic pole--Magnetic needle nearly perpendicular--Back seeks
for Ross--Dease and Simpson sent by Hudson's Bay Company to
explore--Sir John in _Erebus_ and _Terror_--The Paleocrystic
Sea--Franklin never returns--Lady Franklin's devotion--The
historic search--Dr. Rae secures relics--Captain McClintock finds
the cairn and written record--Advantages of the search 315

CHAPTER XXXIII.

EXPEDITIONS TO THE FRONTIER OF THE FUR COUNTRY.

A disputed boundary--Sources of the Mississippi--The fur traders
push southward--Expedition up the Missouri--Lewis and Clark
meet Nor'-Westers--Claim of United States made--Sad death of
Lewis--Lieutenant Pike's journey--Pike meets fur traders--Cautious
Dakotas--Treaty with Chippewas--Violent death--Long and Keating
fix 49 deg. N.--Visit Fort Garry--Follow old fur traders'
route--An erratic Italian--Strange adventures--Almost finds
source--Beltrami County--Cass and Schoolcraft fail--Schoolcraft
afterwards succeeds--Lake Itasca--Curious origin of name--The
source determined 326

CHAPTER XXXIV.

FAMOUS JOURNEYS IN RUPERT'S LAND.

Fascination of an unknown land--Adventure, science, or
gain--Lieutenant Lefroy's magnetic survey--Hudson's Bay
Company assists--Winters at Fort Chipewyan--First scientific
visit to Peace River--Notes lost--Not "gratuitous canoe
conveyance"--Captain Palliser and Lieutenant Hector--Journey
through Rupert's Land--Rocky Mountain passes--On to the coast--A
successful expedition--Hind and Dawson--To spy out the land for
Canada--The fertile belt--Hind's description good--Milton and
Cheadle--Winter on the Saskatchewan--Reach Pacific Ocean in a
pitiable condition--Captain Butler--The horse Blackie and dog
"Cerf Vola"--Fleming and Grant--"Ocean to ocean"--"Land fitted for
a healthy and hardy race"--Waggon road and railway 337

CHAPTER XXXV.

RED RIVER SETTLEMENT.

1817-1846.

Chiefly Scottish and French settlers--Many
hardships--Grasshoppers--Yellow Head--"Gouverneur
Sauterelle"--Swiss settlers--Remarkable parchment--Captain
Bulger, a military governor--Indian troubles--Donald McKenzie,
a fur trader governor--Many projects fail--The flood--Plenty
follows--Social condition--Lower Fort built--Upper Fort
Garry--Council of Assiniboia--The settlement organized--Duncan
Finlayson governor--English farmers--Governor Christie--Serious
epidemic--A regiment of regulars--The unfortunate major--The
people restless 348

CHAPTER XXXVI.

THE PRAIRIES: SLEDGE, KEEL, WHEEL, CAYUSE, CHASE.

A picturesque life--The prairie hunters and
traders--Gaily-caparisoned dog trains--The great winter
packets--Joy in the lonely forts--The summer trade--The York boat
brigade--Expert voyageurs--The famous Red River cart--Shagganappe
ponies--The screeching train--Tripping--The western cayuse--The
great buffalo hunt--Warden of the plains--Pemmican and fat--The
return in triumph 360

CHAPTER XXXVII.

LIFE ON THE SHORES OF HUDSON BAY AND LABRADOR.

The bleak shores unprogressive--Now as at the beginning--York
Factory--Description of Ballantyne--The weather--Summer comes with
a rush--Picking up subsistence--The Indian trade--Inhospitable
Labrador--Establishment of Ungava Bay--McLean at Fort
Chimo--Herds of cariboo--Eskimo rafts--"Shadowy Tartarus"--The
king's domains--Mingan--Mackenzie--The gulf settlements--The
Moravians--Their four missions--Rigolette, the chief trading
post--A school for developing character--Chief Factor Donald A.
Smith--Journeys along the coast--A barren shore 376

CHAPTER XXXVIII.

ATHABASCA, MACKENZIE RIVER, AND THE YUKON.

Peter Pond reaches Athabasca River--Fort Chipewyan
established--Starting point of Alexander Mackenzie--The
Athabasca Library--The Hudson's Bay Company roused--Conflict
at Fort Wedderburn--Suffering--The dash up the Peace
River--Fort Dunvegan--Northern extension--Fort Resolution--Fort
Providence--The great river occupied--Loss of life--Fort
Simpson, the centre--Fort Reliance--Herds of cariboo--Fort
Norman built--Fort Good Hope--The Northern Rockies--The Yukon
reached and occupied--The fierce Liard River--Fort Halkett in the
Mountains--Robert Campbell comes to the Stikine--Discovers the
Upper Yukon--His great fame--The districts--Steamers on the water
stretches 386

CHAPTER XXXIX.

ON THE PACIFIC SLOPE.

Extension of trade in New Caledonia--The Western
Department--Fort Vancouver built--Governor's residence and
Bachelors' Hall--Fort Colville--James Douglas, a man of note--A
dignified official--An Indian rising--A brave woman--The fertile
Columbia Valley--Finlayson, a man of action--Russian fur
traders--Treaty of Alaska--Lease of Alaska to the Hudson's Bay
Company--Fort Langley--The great farm--Black at Kamloops--Fur
trader _v._ botanist--"No soul above a beaver's skin"--A tragic
death--Chief Nicola's eloquence--A murderer's fate 399

CHAPTER XL.

FROM OREGON TO VANCOUVER ISLAND.

Fort Vancouver on American soil--Chief Factor Douglas
chooses a new site--Young McLoughlin killed--Liquor selling
prohibited--Dealing with the Songhies--A Jesuit father--Fort
Victoria--Finlayson's skill--Chinook jargon--The brothers
Ermatinger--A fur-trading Junius--"Fifty-four, forty, or
fight"--Oregon Treaty--Hudson's Bay Company indemnified--The
waggon road--A colony established--First governor--Gold
fever--British Columbia--Fort Simpson--Hudson's Bay Company in the
interior--The forts--A group of worthies--Service to Britain--The
coast becomes Canadian 408

CHAPTER XLI.

PRO GLORIA DEI.

A vast region--First spiritual adviser--A _locum tenens_--Two
French Canadian priests--St. Boniface founded--Missionary
zeal in Mackenzie River district--Red River parishes--The
great Archbishop Taché--John West--Archdeacon Cochrane, the
founder--John McCallum--Bishop Anderson--English Missionary
Societies--Archbishop Machray--Indian Missions--John Black, the
Presbyterian apostle--Methodist Missions on Lake Winnipeg--The
Cree syllabic--Chaplain Staines--Bishop Bridge--Missionary
Duncan--Metlakahtla--Roman Catholic coast missions--Church of
England bishop--Diocese of New Westminster--Dr. Evans--Robert
Jamieson--Education 420

CHAPTER XLII.

THE HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY AND THE INDIANS.

Company's Indian policy--Character of officers--A race of
hunters--Plan of advances--Charges against the Company--Liquor
restriction--Capital punishment--Starving Indians--Diseased and
helpless--Education and religion--The age of missions--Sturdy
Saulteaux--The Muskegons--Wood Crees--Wandering Plain Crees--The
Chipewyans--Wild Assiniboines--Blackfoot Indians--Polyglot
coast tribes--Eskimos--No Indian war--No police--Pliable and
docile--Success of the Company 431

CHAPTER XLIII.

UNREST IN RUPERT'S LAND.

1844-1869.

Discontent on Red River--Queries to the Governor--A courageous
Recorder--Free Trade in furs held illegal--Imprisonment--New
land deed--Enormous freights--Petty revenge--Turbulent
pensioners--Heart burnings--Heroic Isbister--Half-breed
memorial--Mr. Beaver's letter--Hudson's Bay Company notified--Lord
Elgin's reply--Voluminous correspondence--Company's full
answer--Colonel Crofton's statement--Major Caldwell, a
partisan--French petition--Nearly a thousand signatures--Love,
a factor--The elder Riel--A court scene--Violence--"Vive la
liberté!"--The Recorder checked--A new judge--Unruly Corbett--The
prison broken--Another rescue--A valiant doctor--A Red River
Nestor 438

CHAPTER XLIV.

CANADA COVETS THE HUDSON'S BAY TERRITORY.

Renewal of licence--Labouchere's letter--Canada claims to
Pacific Ocean--Commissioner Chief-Justice Draper--Rests on
Quebec Act, 1774--Quebec overlaps Indian territories--Company
loses Vancouver Island--Cauchon's memorandum--Committee
of 1857--Company on trial--A brilliant committee--Four
hundred folios of evidence--To transfer Red River and
Saskatchewan--Death of Sir George--Governor Dallas--A cunning
scheme--Secret negotiations--The Watkin Company floated--Angry
winterers--Dallas's soothing circular--The old order
still--Ermatinger's letters--McDougall's resolutions--Cartier and
McDougall as delegates--Company accepts the terms 448

CHAPTER XLV.

TROUBLES OF THE TRANSFER OF RUPERT'S LAND.

Transfer Act passed--A moribund Government--The Canadian
surveying party--Causes of the rebellion--Turbulent
Metis--American interference--Disloyal ecclesiastics--"Governor"
McDougall--Riel and his rebel band--A blameworthy governor--The
"blawsted fence"--Seizure of Fort Garry--Riel's ambitions--Loyal
rising--Three wise men from the East--_The New Nation_--A
winter meeting--Bill of Rights--A Canadian shot--The Wolseley
expedition--Three renegades slink away--The end of Company
rule--The new Province of Manitoba 459

CHAPTER XLVI.

PRESENT STATUS OF THE COMPANY.

A great land company--Fort Garry dismantled--The new
buildings--New _v._ old--New life in the Company--Palmy days
are recalled--Governors of ability--The present distinguished
Governor--Vaster operations--Its eye not dimmed 472

CHAPTER XLVII.

THE FUTURE OF THE CANADIAN WEST.

The Greater Canada--Wide wheat fields--Vast pasture
lands--Huronian mines--The Kootenay riches--Yukon
nuggets--Forests--Iron and coal--Fisheries--Two great
cities--Towns and villages--Anglo-Saxon institutions--The great
outlook 477