Chapter XV

Review of 1861.--Summary of Hostile Acts of United States Government.--Fuller Details of some of them.--Third Session of Provisional Congress.--Message.--Subjugation of the Southern States intended.--Obstinacy of the Enemy.--Insensibility of the North as to the Crisis.--Vast Preparation of the Enemy.--Embargo and Blockade.--Indiscriminate War waged.--Action of Confederate Congress.--Confiscation Act of United States Congress.--Declared Object of the War.--Powers of United States Government.-- Forfeitures inflicted.--Due Process of Law, how interpreted.--"Who pleads the Constitution?"--Wanton Destruction of Private Property unlawful--Adams on Terms of the Treaty of Ghent.--Sectional Hatred.--Order of President Lincoln to Army Officers in Regard to Slaves.--"Educating the People."--Fremont's Proclamation.-- Proclamation of General T. W. Sherman.--Proclamation of General Halleck and others.--Letters of Marque.--Our Privateers.--Officers tried for Piracy.--Retaliatory Orders.--Discussion in the British House of Lords.--Recognition as a Belligerent of the Confederacy.-- Exchange of Prisoners.--Theory of the United States.--Views of McClellan.--Revolutionary Conduct of United States Government.-- Extent of the War at the Close of 1861.--Victories of the Year.-- New Branches of Manufactures.--Election of Confederate States President.--Posterity may ask the Cause of such Hostile Actions.-- Answer.

CHAPTER XVI.

Military Arrangements of the Enemy.--Marshall and Garfield.-- Fishing Creek.--Crittenden's Report.--Fort Henry; its Surrender.-- Fort Donelson; its Position.--Assaults.--Surrender.--Losses.

CHAPTER XVII.

Results of the Surrender of Forts Henry and Donelson.--Retreat from Bowling Green.--Criticism on General A. S. Johnston.--Change of Plan necessary.--Evacuation of Nashville.--Generals Floyd and Pillow.--My Letter to General Johnston.--His Reply.--My Answer.-- Defense of General Johnston.--Battle of Elkhorn.--Topography of Shiloh.

CHAPTER XVIII.

General Buell's March.--Object of General Johnston.--His Force.-- Advance from Corinth.-Line of Battle.--Telegram.--The Time of the Battle of Shiloh.--Results of the First Day's Battle.--One Encampment not taken.--Effects.--Reports on this Failure.--Death of General Johnston.--Remarks.

CHAPTER XIX.

Retirement of the Army.--Remnants of Grant's Army.--Its Reënforcements.--Strength of our Army.--Strength of Grant's Army.-- Reorganization.--Corinth.--Advance of General Halleck.--Siege of Corinth.--Evacuation.--Retreat to Tupelo.--General Beauregard retires.-General Bragg in Command.--Positions on the Mississippi River occupied by the Enemy.--New Madrid.--Island No. 10.--Fort Pillow.--Memphis.--Attack at Hatteras Inlet.--Expedition of the Enemy to Port Royal.--Expeditions from Port Royal.--System of Coast Defenses adopted by us.--Fort Pulaski.

CHAPTER XX.

Advance of General McClellan toward Centreville; his Report.--Our Forces ordered to the Peninsula.--Situation at Yorktown.--Siege by General McCellan.--General Johnston assigned to Command; his Recommendation.--Attack on General Magruder at Yorktown.--Movements of McClellan.--The Virginia.--General Johnston retires.--Delay at Norfolk.--Before Williamsburg.--Remark of Hancock.--Retreat up the Peninsula.--Sub-terra Shells used.-Evacuation of Norfolk.--Its Occupation by the Enemy.

CHAPTER XXI.

A New Phase to our Military Problem.--General Johnston's Position.-- Defenses of James River.--Attack on Fort Drury.--Johnston crosses the Chickahominy.--Position of McClellan.--Position of McDowell.-- Strength of Opposing Forces.--Jackson's Expedition down the Shenandoah Valley.--Panic at Washington and the North.--Movements to intercept Jackson.--His Rapid Movements.--Repulses Fremont.-- Advance of Shields.--Fall of Ashby.--Port Republic, Battle of.-- Results of this Campaign.

CHAPTER XXII.

Condition of Affairs.--Plan of General Johnston.--The Field of Battle at Seven Pines.--The Battle.--General Johnston wounded.-- Advance of General Sumner.--Conflict on the Right.--Delay of General Huger.--Reports of the Enemy.--Losses.--Strength of Forces.--General Lee in Command.

CHAPTER XXIII.

The Enemy's Position.--His Intention.--The Plan of Operations.-- Movements of General Jackson.--Daring and Fortitude of Lee.-- Offensive-Defensive Policy.--General Stuart's Movement.--Order of Attack.--Critical Position of McClellan.--Order of Mr. Lincoln creating the Army of Virginia.--Arrival of Jackson.--Position of the Enemy.--Diversion of General Longstreet.--The Enemy forced back south of the Chickahominy.--Abandonment of the Railroad.

CHAPTER XXIV.

Retreat of the Enemy.--Pursuit and Battle.-Night.--Further Retreat of the Enemy.--Progress of General Jackson.--The Enemy at Frazier's Farm.--Position of General Holmes.--Advance of General Longstreet.-- Remarkable Features of the Battle.--Malvern Hill.--Our Position.--The Attack.--Expedition of General Stuart.--Destruction of the Enemy's Stores.--Assaults on the Enemy.--Retreat to Westover on the James.-- Siege of Richmond raised.--Number of Prisoners taken.--Strength of our Forces.--Strength of our Forces at Seven Pines and after.--Strength of the Enemy.