Chapter III: Part 3

In June, 1896, another company of New World pilgrims landed at Plymouth, and proceeded to worship in spirit at Old World shrines. During two weeks they wandered about the dear old country--"Our Old Home," as Nathaniel Hawthorne calls it in his book of English reminiscences--lingering on the scenes associated with the lives of their forefathers: quiet villages wherein they were born; quaint, half-forgotten boroughs in which they lived; the metropolis in which they taught; the sombre East Anglia, where many of them died "for the testimony." But chief of all were the places where these sojourners could look on the homes of the grave, brave men who gathered together the people who sailed in the Mayflower, and led the way to the New World.

SCROOBY VILLAGE]

We still call them "the Pilgrim Fathers," in spite of what the Reverend Joseph Hunter, an esteemed native of South Yorkshire, wrote in his book.[12] "There is something of affectation in this term," he finds, "which is always displeasing to me." "It appears to me," says he, "to be philologically improper." And then he explains. "An American who visits the place from which the founders of his country emigrated is a pilgrim in the proper sense of the word, whether he finds an altar, a shrine, or a stone of memorial, or not. But these founders, when they found the shores of America, were proceeding to no object of this kind, and even leaving it to the winds and the waves to drive them to any point on an unknown and unmarked shore."

Perhaps Mr. Hunter is right, philologically; but apart from his history (which may be challenged, because the master of the Mayflower knew where he was going if the Pilgrims did not, and a map and description of the region had been published by Captain John Smith, the name-giver of New England), the designation stands, and will ever be cherished by those familiar with the spots these faithful Fathers left when, pilgrims and wanderers, they set forth they scarcely knew whither, and finally crossed the little-known sea. And the most historic of such shrines are in Lincolnshire and Nottinghamshire.

When the New World pilgrims arrived at Plymouth for the journey through the old country, by a curious arrangement they travelled backwards; for Plymouth was the last place the Pilgrim Fathers touched, and the haunts they took in turn were those which saw the rise and earlier efforts of those grave and reverend seekers for religious freedom. Soon they reached Boston--dreamy, old-world, tide-washed, fenland-locked Boston--scene of deep interest to them all, filled with hallowed memories of the Pilgrim Fathers and founders of the Western States.

The party numbered nearly fifty, a dozen at least of whom could lay claim to be lineal descendants of the Mayflower Pilgrims. Their leader was the Reverend Dr. Dunning of Boston, Massachusetts, and among them were representatives of the National Council of American Congregational churches.

THE ANCIENT KITCHEN, GUILDHALL, BOSTON]

Boston, like Plymouth, gave them a warm welcome. The cordiality of their reception to the old town was acknowledged on behalf of the pilgrims by Dr. Dunning. "Our fathers found it difficult to get away from Boston," said he, "and from the kindness you have shown us we are much afraid that you are planning to detain us also." The character of the "detention" was very different with nearly three centuries intervening, and this Dr. Dunning and his friends abundantly realised.

The visitors were taken over the old parish church, and were duly impressed by its size and grandeur as a whole; and the scene was most striking and memorable when, gathered within its beautiful chancel, these representative New World men, many of them with the blood of the Pilgrim Fathers in their veins, joined in singing together the noble hymn, "O God, our help in ages past." Next the Guildhall was visited. Here the disused sessions-court, where the fugitives were arraigned in 1607, and other upper rooms were scrutinised.

But most attractive were the kitchen and prison beneath. The cells must in fact have had more "prisoners" in them that day than they had held for a long time, for there was scarcely a member of the company who was not shut up in at least one of them during the inspection. They thus realised something of what their forefathers actually endured; the taste of the bitterness was slight, and wanting in the old-time flavour which the prisoners' treatment imparted, but it was sufficient to call forth expressions of abhorrence at the thought of continued confinement in such a place.

At last the pilgrims said farewell to a town crowded with precious memories and entrained for Lincoln, where their welcome by the Free Churches and Cathedral authorities was in keeping with that extended to them everywhere on their route. At Lincoln they received an address. "We feel," said the Nonconformists there, "that in welcoming you to this county of ours, we are welcoming you back to your ancestral home, for Lincolnshire people never forget that their county is inseparably associated with the history of the Pilgrim Church. We claim the great John Robinson, the pastor of the Pilgrim church, as our own, and the neighbouring town of Gainsborough boasts of having been for some time the church's home. We are proud of the men, of the testimony they bore, of the work they did. All England is debtor to the men of the Pilgrim Church for their heroic witness in behalf of a pure and Scriptural faith and freedom of conscience worship."

And "the neighbouring town of Gainsborough," home of the Pilgrim Church, gave itself up at this time to a ceremonial stone-laying of the Robinson Memorial Church, a function which the American pilgrims attended, together with the Honourable T. F. Bayard, the United States Ambassador, who made a journey into Lincolnshire to lay this stone, and Congregationalists gathered from all parts.

ROBINSON MEMORIAL CHURCH, GAINSBOROUGH

_The corner-stone of the church was laid by Mr. Bayard in June, 1896_]

First the pilgrims drove to Scrooby, Bawtry, and Austerfield, where they inspected Brewster's house and Bradford's cottage and other objects of absorbing interest linked with the lives of the exiled Separatists. They then entered Gainsborough--that "foreign-looking town," subject of George Eliot's romantic pen, birthplace of John Robinson--where an address was presented to Mr. Bayard at the Town Hall, and luncheon was partaken of at the Old Hall, one of Gainsborough's most cherished antiquities, where John Smyth and his brethren held services and John Wesley many times preached. A move was next made to the site of the future Robinson Memorial Hall, a building at once a tribute to a worthy Englishman and an agency for the development of Christian work in the home of the Pilgrim Fathers. The proceedings were under the presidency of the Reverend J. M. Jones, chairman of the Congregational Union of England and Wales. To Mr. Bayard was handed a silver trowel, the gift of the congregation of the Gainsborough church, bearing an inscription and engravings of the Mayflower and of Delfshaven, on whose beach Robinson knelt in prayer with the Pilgrim band ere they set out on their long and checkered voyage. Having laid the cornerstone, Mr. Bayard sketched the early life of John Robinson, on from his Cambridge career to his harassed ministry at Norwich, his withdrawal to Lincolnshire in 1604 and the inception of the Scrooby congregation, whose faith found cause for hope and cheerful courage in the dark hours of their persecution, adversity, and affliction. He went on to picture the blessings of civil and religious liberty which we are apt to accept and enjoy without giving much heed to the generations that in bygone years toiled and suffered to secure them for us. How small, said he, the measure of our gratitude and infrequent our recognition of those who

Beyond their dark age led the van of thought.

Well, reasoned Mr. Bayard, on such a scene and such an occasion as this, might the words of Whittier be repeated--

Our hearts grow cold,
We lightly hold
A right which brave men died to gain;
The stake, the cord,
The axe, the sword,
Grim nurses at its birth of pain.

It was the momentous issues raised by the invasion of liberty of conscience that drove John Robinson and his associates forth. As William Bradford has recorded, "Being thus molested and with no hope of their continuance there, by a joynte consent they resolved to go into ye low countries, where they heard was freedom of religion for all men." Then it was that they made the attempted passage from Boston to The Netherlands.

Glancing at the history of the arbitrary and cruel measures taken to prevent the departure of the congregation, which finally, in broken detachments, distressed, despoiled, imperilled by land and sea, assembled at Amsterdam, moving thence to Leyden, Mr. Bayard paid grateful recognition to the country which, in their hour of sore need, extended to exiles welcome protection and generous toleration in an age of intolerance, and recited the familiar incidents connected with their sailing for America. "It is clear and plain to us now that the departure from England of this small body of humble men was a great step in the march of Christian civilisation. It contained the seed of Christian liberty, freedom of enquiry, freedom of man's conscience." As for John Robinson, between whose grave and the colony he was the means of planting, washes the wide ocean he never crossed. His memory is a tie of kindred--a recognition of the common trust committed to both nations to sustain the principles of civil and religious liberty of which he was a fearless champion, and under which he has so marvellously fulfilled the prophesy "A little one shall become a thousand, and a small one a great nation." And the seed of Christian liberty, sown in adversity but on good soil, has become a wide-spreading tree in whose sheltering branches all who will may lodge.

Six years after this stone-laying, in June, 1902, the tercentenary of the founding of the Gainsborough church, a tablet was unveiled in the vestibule of the new building to commemorate the world-wide co-operation in honouring one "the thought of whom stirs equal reverence in English and American hearts."

What the American Ambassador so well said at Gainsborough was a fitting prelude to the excursion which his countrymen, continuing their itinerary, made to the Pilgrim scenes in Holland where, in 1891, the English Plymouth memorial year, they had erected on St. Peter's Cathedral at Leyden, under which lie his bones, a tablet to John Robinson, pastor of the English church worshipping "over against this spot," whence at his prompting went forth the Pilgrim Fathers to settle New England.

The Gainsborough ceremony and the visits to Plymouth and Boston forged further links in the chain of sympathy and brotherhood between England and America. Fresh evidence has since been forthcoming that the religious zeal and love of manly independence which induced the Mayflower Pilgrims to expatriate themselves and found a mighty empire across the Atlantic have their abiding influence to-day. We have seen how these New World pilgrimages to Old World shrines rekindled dormant affections on both sides.[13] No doubt the journeys will be renewed again and again over much the same ground in the days to come.

It was about this time that Mr. Bayard was instrumental in restoring to the State of Massachusetts William Bradford's manuscript "History of Plymouth Plantation." About the middle of the eighteenth century this valuable record was deposited in the New England Library, in the tower of the Old South Church in Boston, but it disappeared, and found its way to England. By some it was thought that Governor Hutchinson carried it off; others believed that it was looted by British soldiers when Boston was evacuated. Anyhow it vanished, and was given up for lost. But by a lucky chance it was discovered. It was not until 1855 that certain passages in Wilberforce's "History of the Protestant Episcopal Church in America," printed in 1846, professing to quote from "a manuscript History of Plymouth in the Fulham Library," revealed the whereabouts of the priceless folios. These quotations were identified as being similar to extracts from Bradford's History made by earlier annalists--Nathaniel Morton, who used it freely in his "New England's Memorial," published 1669; Thomas Prince, in his "Annals" printed in 1736; and Governor Hutchinson, the last man known to have seen the manuscript, who used it in the preparation of his "History of Massachusetts" (second volume), in 1767. The story of the return of the manuscript has been told by the Honourable George F. Hoar, the venerable Senator of Massachusetts who, during a visit to England, interviewed the Bishop of London on the subject, and, when the History had been recovered through the good offices of Mr. Bayard, had the satisfaction of handing it over to Governor Wolcott on May 24, 1897. Ten years subsequently, after Mr. Bayard's death, another Bishop of London, engaged on a mission to America, presented to President Roosevelt the original deed appointing Colonel Coddington first Governor of Rhode Island. This document was found in the muniment room at Fulham Palace; it bears the seal of the Cromwellian Government and the signature of Bradshaw.

THE FONT, AUSTERFIELD CHURCH

_For a long time it was believed that this font was used at the baptism of William Bradford_]

_The font that was probably used at the baptism of William Bradford_]

Those Americans who visited the district of Bawtry for the purpose of seeing the Pilgrim village of Austerfield would be surprised ten years later, in August, 1906, to hear that the font in the old parish church, which had so often been pointed to as that at which William Bradford was baptised, was not in reality what it had been represented to be. For some time there was a heated controversy in the district, and this revealed certain strange facts concerning the font which go to prove that the Norman font used at Bradford's baptism is at the present time in a small Primitive Methodist chapel at Lound near Retford, Nottinghamshire. It seems that about fifty years ago the sexton, one Milner, was ordered to clear certain rubbish out of the church at Austerfield, and sell it. Among the objects thus disposed of was the font. A farmer, John Jackson, became the purchaser, and a few years later the font passed to his son, who for some time kept it in his garden as an ornament. In 1895 the farm changed hands, the new tenant being a Mr. Fielding, and included in the fixtures he took over was the font, described in the auctioneers' valuation award, dated April 15, 1895, as "Garden--Stone baptismal font (formerly in Austerfield Parish Church)." Having no wish to keep the font Mr. Fielding gave it to his mother, a native of Austerfield, and she in turn handed it over to the trustees of the chapel at Lound, where it still remains, jealously guarded in the incongruous surroundings of its alien home. It is noted that when, years ago, the clergyman at Austerfield discovered what sexton Milner had done, he sent for him and told him of the great loss the church had sustained. It was little use locking the stable door when the steed had gone, but the sexton, being a man of resource, thought he saw a way out of the difficulty. So to avoid further trouble he brought a trough from his own farmyard and substituted it for the lost font! That was a very impious kind of fraud indeed, but it seems quite clear that it was perpetrated. The church authorities, it must be admitted, have done their best to atone for the faults of the past in the direction of trying to restore the ancient font to its original place. Unfortunately they have not succeeded, for though good offers were made to Mrs. Fielding and the chapel trustees, they resolutely refused to part with the precious relic. The fear was then entertained that a wealthy American would some day buy the font, and thus deprive the district of one of its most historic possessions. It is questionable, however, if that fate would be worse than the one that has already overtaken the font. Should the failure to restore it to its rightful place unhappily continue, the more satisfactory alternative would appear to be its purchase and presentation, say, to the Pilgrim Church at New Plymouth.

FOOTNOTES:

[12] "Collections Concerning the Early History of the Founders of New Plymouth." Mr. Hunter was assistant-keeper of H.M. Records, and after the village had remained for more than two centuries in oblivion, located Scrooby as the birthplace of the Pilgrim Church. His sole guide in the search were the brief statements in Bradford's History that the members of the church "were of several towns and villages, some in Nottinghamshire, some in Lincolnshire, and some in Yorkshire, where they bordered nearest together," and that "they ordinarily met at William Brewster's house on the Lord's day, which was a manor of the bishop's." The inquiry which led to this important discovery was instigated by the Honourable James Savage while on a visit to England. The key was supplied by Governor Bradford, Mr. Savage detected it; Mr. Hunter unlocked the hidden and forgotten door.

[13] In another part of England, in 1910-11, Americans were joining hands with the people of Southampton in raising on the old West Quay of that port a Pilgrim shrine to the men of New Plymouth who, as we know, sailed thence in the Mayflower on their interrupted voyage to the West, on August 5 (O.S.), 1620. It was proposed to unveil this memorial on August 15, 1912.

THE END.

INDEX

Adams, John Quincy, 103

Ainsworth, Henry, 51

Alden, John, 128, 147

Allerton, Bartholomew, 128

Allerton, Isaac, 59, 128-131, 147, 152

Allerton, Joanna, 131

Allerton, John, 131

Allerton, Mary, 131

Allerton, Remember, 131

Allerton, Sarah (1), 147

Allerton, Sarah (2), 131

Amsterdam, 51-52, 179

"Anne," The, 95

Armstrong, Gregory, 132

Austerfield, England, 11-12, 175, 184-187

Babworth, England, 11

Barker, Elizabeth, 152

Barnstable, Mass., 143

Bawtry, 175, 184-187

Bayard, Hon. T. J., 172, 175-180, 183-184

Becket, Mary, 147-148

Bellingham, Richard, 115

Billington, Eleanor, 131, 132

Billington, Francis, 131

Billington, John (1), 131-132

Billington, John (2), 132

Billington, Martha, 143

Blommaert, Herr, 87

Bond, J. T., 163

Bonner, Bishop, 8

Boston, England, VIII, 7, 16, 19, 39, 112, 115, 168-172, 176, 180;
Pilgrim Cells, VII, XIII-XIV, 32-36, 171;
Guildhall, 20, 23-24, 32-36, 171;
Hussey Tower, 20;
Kyme Tower, 20;
Grammar School, 20;
Church, 20, 35, 171;
Gysor's Hall, 23;
"Little Ease," 36

Boston, Mass., 100, 112, 168, 183 (_see also_ Massachusetts Bay
Colony)

Bradford, Governor William, 11-12, 19, 20, 31, 43, 52, 59, 83, 84, 88,
92, 95, 100, 103, 111, 119, 132-136, 152, 167, 175, 176, 183-184

Brewer, Thomas, 52, 55

Brewster, Fear, 95, 131

Brewster, Love, 139

Brewster, Mary, 96, 139

Brewster, Patience, 95

Brewster, William, 4, 8, 11, 12, 19, 20, 23, 31, 39, 43, 52-55, 59,
83, 88, 91, 92, 96, 111, 119, 136-139, 152, 167, 175

Brewster, Wrestling, 139

Bridgewater, Mass., 148

Britteridge, Richard, 139

Brown, Dr. John, 12

Brown, Peter, 139

Button, William, 139

Caistor, England, 7

Canute, King, 4, 15

Carleton, Sir Dudley, 52-55

Carpenter, Alice, 95, 135, 143

Carter, Robert, 139

Carver, Catherine, 83, 139

Carver, Governor John, 59, 60, 79, 83, 84, 119, 132, 139, 152

Chilton, James, 140

Chilton, Mary, 140

Clark, Faith, 140

Clarke, Richard, 140

Clyfton, Richard, 11, 43, 52

Coddington, William, 115, 184

Collier, Sarah, 139

Collier, William, 139

Connecticut Plantation, 100

Cook, Esther, 140

Cook, Francis, 140

Cook, John, 140

Cooke, Jacob, 144

Cooper, Humility, 140

Cotton, John (1), 23, 115, 119

Cotton, John (2), 119

Crackston, John (1), 140

Crackston, John (2), 140

Cromwell, Oliver, 156

Cromwell, Thomas, 8

Cuckson, John, 119

Cushman, Robert, 63, 92, 95, 96

Dartmouth, England, 63

Dartmouth, Mass., 140, 148

Davidson, 8

Delfshaven, 60, 175

Dingy, Sarah, 143

Dotey, Edward, 140

Doyle's "English in America," 7

Draper, Eben S., 104, 111

Droitwich, 152

Dudley, Thomas, 115

Dunning, Dr., 168, 171

Duxbury, Mass., 128, 139, 143, 147, 148, 151;
Standish Monument, 151

Eastham, Mass., 144, 147

Eaton, Francis, 143

Eaton, Samuel, 143

Eaton, Sarah, 143

Eliot, Charles W., 104-108, 111-112

Eliot's, George, "The Mill on the Floss," 15-16, 20, 175

Ely, One, 143

English, Thomas, 143

Everett, Edward, 103

Fielding, 187-188

Fletcher, Moses, 143

Ford, Martha, 139

"Fortune," The, 92, 95, 151

Fuller, Anne, 143

Fuller, Edward, 143

Fuller, Samuel (1), 59, 100, 139

Fuller, Samuel (2), 143

Fuller, Samuel (3), 143

Fuller, Susanna (_see_ White, Susanna)

Gainsborough, England, VIII, 4, 11, 15-19, 20, 40, 51, 172, 175-176,
180;
Old Hall, 16, 175

Gardiner, Richard, 143

Glascock (Fuller), Elsie, 95, 143

Goodman, John, 143

Grimsby, England, 40

Groton, Samuel, 155

Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 115, 164

Hemans, Felicia, 108, 127, 156

Hickman Family, 16

Hoar, George Frisbie, 103, 183

Holbeck, William, 144

Hooke, John, 144

Hopkins, Constance, 144

Hopkins, Elizabeth, 144

Hopkins, Giles, 144

Hopkins, Oceanus, 144

Hopkins, Stephen, 140, 144

Horncastle, England, 7

Hough, Atherton, 23, 115

Howland, John, 59, 67, 144, 151

Hoyt, Barbara, 111

Hull, England, 40

Humber, The, 40

Hunter, Rev. Joseph, 164-167

Hutchinson, Governor, 183

Immingham, England, 40

Jackson, John, 187

Jackson, Richard, 39

James I, 52

Jamestown, Va., 56

John, King, 3

Johnson, Francis, 51

Jones, Rev. J. M., 175

Jones, Captain Thomas, 60, 75-76, 167-168

Kyle, William S., IX

Langemore, John, 144

Langton, Stephen, 3-4

Latham, William, 144

Laud, Archbishop, 155

Lawrence, William B., 108

Lee, Bridget, 143

Leister, Edward, 144

Leland, 8

Leverett, John, 115

Leverett, Thomas, 115

Leyden, 51-60, 95, 96, 119, 128, 135, 143, 147, 148, 152, 155, 179,
180;
St. Peter's Church, 51, 96, 180

Lincoln, England, 7, 172

"Little James," The, 95

Lodge, Henry Cabot, 104, 108

Longfellow's "The Courtship of Miles Standish," 79, 91

Lord, Abigail, 152

Lothrop, Jane, 143

Lothrop, Rev. John, 143

Lound, England, 184, 187

Louth, England, 4-7

Mann, Jasper, 147

Margeson, Edmund, 147

Marshfield, Mass., 152

Martin, Christopher and wife, 147

Massachusetts Bay Colony, 88, 99, 100, 112-116, 132, 155

Maverick, Moses, 131

May, Dorothy, 52, 84, 135

"Mayflower," The, XIV, 4, 60-67, 75-80, 84, 92, 96, 100, 104, 107,
112, 115, 116, 127, 131,140, 148, 151, 152, 156, 163, 164, 167, 175,
180

Mayson, Mayor John, 36

McCleary, James T., 108

Meyer, George Von L., 104

Middleboro, Mass., 143, 148

Milner, 184

Milnes, Richard Monckton, 44

Minter, Desire, 147

More, Ellen, 147

More, Jasper and his brother, 147

Morton, George, 95

Morton's "New England's Memorial," 76, 100, 183

"Mourt's Relation," 95

Mullins, Joseph, 147

Mullins, Priscilla, 128, 147

Mullins, William and his wife, 139, 147

Naughton, 55

New Plymouth (_see_ Plymouth Mass.)

Newcomen, John, 132

Norris, Mary, 128

Penn, Christian, 131, 143

Pierce, John, 92

"Pilgrimage of Grace," The, 4-7

Plummer, Ann, 147

Plymouth, England, XIV, 63, 67, 92, 163-164, 168, 180

Plymouth, Mass., VII, XIV, 8, 11, 79-103, 112, 115, 116-120, 132, 188;
Pilgrim Stone, 79, 83, 127;
Cole's Hill, 83;
The Fort, 84-87, 116;
The Church, 84, 116-119;
Pilgrim Hall, 92;
Burial Hill, 116

Power, Solomon, 147

Priest, Degory, 147

Prince, Thomas, 183

Provincetown, Mass., 67, 103-112, 151

Puritans, The (_see_ Massachusetts Bay Colony)

Raleigh, Sir Walter, 56

Rassieres, Isaac de, 87

Retford, England, 11

Revere, Paul, 120

Reynolds, Captain, 63

Rigdale, Alice, 147

Rigdale, John, 147

Robinson, John, 11-15, 43, 52, 59, 60, 95-96, 155, 172, 175, 176, 179,
180

Rogers, Joseph, 147

Rogers, Thomas, 147

Roosevelt, President, VII, 103, 104, 111, 184

Ryton River, 7

Salem, Mass., 100, 131, 152

Sampson, Harry, 147

Sandwich, Mass., 147

Savage, James, 167

Scituate, Mass., 147, 152

Scrooby, England, 8, 11, 12, 16, 31, 39, 40, 51, 84, 119, 136, 167,
175

Sears, Captain J. H., 104

Sempringham, England, 7

Smith, Captain John, 56, 168

Smith, Ralph, 88, 119

Smyth, John, 11, 16, 51, 175

Snow, Damaris, 144

Snow, Nicholas, 144

Soule, George, 147-148

Southampton, England, 60, 63, 128, 180

Southworth, Edward, 95, 135

"Speedwell," The, 59-63

Standish, Barbara, 95, 151

Standish, Captain Miles, 59, 79, 83, 84, 95, 96, 111, 128, 148-151,
152

Standish, Rose, 148

Story, Ellen, 148

Taft, President, VII, 103, 104, 111

Tattershall Castle, England, 7

Thompson, Edward, 151

Tilley, Ann, 151

Tilley, Edward, 151

Tilley, Elizabeth, 144, 151

Tilley, John and wife, 144, 151

Tinker, Thomas, and wife and son, 151

Torksey, England, 4

Townes, Thomas, 163

Trent River, 3, 4, 11, 15, 40

Trevore, William, 151

Turner, John, and Sons, 151

Van Weede, M., 108

Vassall, Judith, 152

Vassall, William, 152

Vincent, Sarah, 147

Warren, Richard, 140

Warren, Sarah, 140

Webster, Daniel, 103

Wesley, John, 3, 175

Wetmore, George Peabody, 104

Wheldon, Catherine, 144

White, Justice, 104

White, Peregrine, 151-152

White, Resolved, 151, 152

White, Susanna, 151, 152

White, William, 151, 152

Whittier, VII, 176

Wickliffe, 4

Wilberforce, 183

Wilder, Roger, 152

Williams, Roger, 88, 119

Williams, Thomas, 152

Wilson, John, 88, 91, 99

Winslow, Edward, 59, 92, 95, 119, 135, 152-156

Winslow, Gilbert, 156

Winslow, John, 92, 140

Winthrop, Governor John, 88, 91, 99, 100, 115

Winthrop, Robert Charles, 103

Witham River, 15, 31

Woburn, England, 36

Wolcott, Governor, 184

Wolsey, 8

Yarmouth, Mass., 131, 140, 144

Well worthy to be magnified are they
Who, with sad hearts, of friends and country took
A last farewell, their loved abodes forsook,
And hallowed ground in which their fathers lay.

Wordsworth]

The breaking waves dash'd high
On a stern and rock-bound coast;
And the woods, against a stormy sky,
Their giant branches toss'd.

Mrs. Hemans]

Transcriber's Notes:

A caron (^) indicates the letter following is superscripted, like ^e.

Images were moved to a convenient paragraph break.

Footnotes were renumbered sequentially and moved to the end of the chapter.

The opening and closing illustrations are the same.

Old spellings in quoted text and poetry are retained from the original.

The following words are used interchangeably throughout this book:

cooperation co-operation
cornerstone corner-stone
Mayflower May-flower

Page 117

(Photograph by A. S. Burbank, Plymouth). Changed from 'Photgraph' of the original.

Index

(Naughton, 55). This is most likely Naunton, referred to on Page 55.

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