Chapter XXX: The Forest of Dartmoor (1)

Whilst far too little has hitherto been printed about many of England’s forests, the reverse is true with regard to Dartmoor. The mere list of books and publications relating to Dartmoor, its history, scenery, antiquities, and convicts, covers twelve pages of the last edition of Rowe’s _Perambulation_. Much of this is, however, of an ephemeral character, and the only two books that give serious information as to the history of the forest or chase are J. S. W. Page’s _Exploration of Dartmoor_ (1889), and the one just named. _The Perambulation of Dartmoor_, by Samuel Rowe, vicar of Crediton, a good antiquary of his day, was first published in 1848; it was reprinted in 1856, and in 1896 brought out again in a much extended and corrected form by J. Brooking Rowe, F.S.A. This last admirable volume gives _in extenso_ a variety of historical documents from a charter of John in 1199 down to an interesting presentment of the jurors of a court of survey in 1786. Nevertheless, a continuous history of this forest or chase yet remains to be written.

In the following brief remarks a mere bare outline of the general run of such a history is all that is attempted; whilst the additional documentary evidence cited has, to the best of our belief, never before been printed.

The whole forest of Dartmoor lies within the old parish of Lydford, by far the largest parish in all England. The wild table-land of the forest in the centre of the shire, with its adjacent common lands, hardly distinguishable from the forest proper, covers some 100,000 acres, whilst the actual forest has, in round numbers, an acreage of 60,000. The district is about twenty-eight miles long from north to south, and about twenty-six miles wide from east to west. The nature of this granite table-land makes it certain that Dartmoor was never covered to any considerable extent with timber, although there was doubtless more underwood in places, diversified by occasional growth of oak, alder, and willow in the more sheltered glades.

By a charter of John, 18th May, 1204, all lands in Devonshire, save the forests of Dartmoor and Exmoor, were disafforested, thus anticipating the great charter of 1215, so far as this county was concerned.

In 1222 Henry III. directed the bailiffs of the once important borough of Lydford to permit the tinners of Devon to take peat from his moor of Dartmoor for the use of the stannary.

Henry III., in 1228, granted to Adam Esturney certain lands, which Roger Mirabel had held of the king in chief, in Skerradon and Shapelegh, by the service of two barbed arrows when the king came to hunt in his chase of Dartmoor. The manor of Woodbury was held in chief of the king by the service of three barbed arrows and an oat cake of the price of half a farthing, when the king should come to Dartmoor for hunting in his chase. The ancient tenure of the manor of Druscombe also shows that royal hunting over this waste, then so well stocked with deer, was anticipated, for the lord had to present a bow and three arrows to the king when hunting on the moor.

In 1236, the king granted the tithe of the herbage or agistment of Dartmoor to the chaplain serving the church of St. Petrock at Lydford.

In 1240, the sheriff was directed to summon a jury to determine, by perambulation, the bounds of Dartmoor Forest. Of this perambulation there are several early copies. An ancient quaint map of the forest, of which a photograph is given by Mr. Brooking Rowe, is extant that has generally been supposed to be coeval with this perambulation, but it is probably two centuries later in date.

An entry on the Close Rolls, dated 23rd January, 1251, shows that the very rare privilege of having a justice in eyre for forest pleas, for a forest that was not strictly royal, was granted to Richard Earl of Cornwall, to whom the castle, manor, borough of Lydford and the forest of Dartmoor had been granted.

Geoffrey of Langley, justice of the forest, was at that date ordered by the king, as a concession to the Earl of Cornwall, when he had finished the eyre then being held in the county of Nottingham, to proceed to Dartmoor for a like purpose.

Mr. Brooking Rowe prints a rendering of the ministers’ accounts of Edmund Earl of Cornwall relative to Dartmoor for the years 1296-7. The items are arranged under the heads of the borough and manor Lydford, including the fee-farm rent, and profits arising from water-mill, fairs, toll-tin, and stray cattle; and the forest, including profits from water-mill, from township fines for pasturing cattle, from peat-diggers, from the agistment of 2,442 cattle at 1½_d._ a head, from 487 horses at 2_d._ each horse, and from pannage, etc. There were various court fines chiefly for straying cattle, but two for trespass during the fence month show that some care was taken of the red deer. Under the head of allowances, 60_s._ is entered as paid to the parson of Lydford, and 42_s._ for the stipends and drink money (_poutura_) of the foresters, with 22_s._ for their expenses in the fence month, and stipends and drink money for twelve herdsmen from 3rd May to 15th August, 76_s._ 6_d._ There was a clear balance on the whole account for the Earl of Cornwall of £44 2_s._

That the deer were well warded, in addition to the cattle, is shown by the supplies of salted venison that were sent to Edward I. and Edward II. from this forest.

From the reign of Edward III. to that of James I. there are various ministers’ accounts and court rolls among the duchy muniments at the Public Record Office. The forest was divided into four quarters or wards, known from the points of the compass as East, West, North, and South, and the accounts of each were kept separately. The accounts of Robert de Cleford, the keeper and receiver of the moneys for turves, agistments, etc., for the years 1354-5, show the following particulars for the first three wards, that for the South being mutilated:—

_East._—2,641 cattle and 198 horses agisted, and five peat-cutters licensed—producing £34 7_s._ 5_d._

_West._—1,408 cattle and thirty-seven horses agisted, and twenty-two folds and twelve peat-cutters licensed—producing £10 2_s._ 9½_d._

_North._—298 cattle, 163 horses, fourteen folds, and thirty-one peat-cutters—producing £5 1_s._ 6½_d._

The charge right through these accounts for a long period was 1½_d._ a head for cattle and 2_d._ a head for horses, 2_d._ for each fold, and 5_d._ from each peat-digger. Those who dug peat for fuel are termed _carbonarii_, which has been absurdly translated colliers, and mention of early coal-getting on Dartmoor has been more than once printed. But the geological formation makes such an idea impossible.

Ralph Houle was the receiver in 1370-1, and his accounts for two wards yield the following particulars.

_East Ward._—2,762 cattle agisted within the forest, and 1,762 without the forest; five horses agisted within the forest, and twenty-nine without. This agistment, in addition to the payments of thirteen peat-cutters, 58_s._ 10_d._ in rents, gave a total of £29 15_s._ 11_d._

_West Ward._—952 cattle and twelve horses agisted, whilst thirty-eight men paid for folds and thirteen to cut peat. This, with 11_s._ 11_d._ rents, made a total of £9 9_s._ 10½_d._ Among the outgoings were the 60_s._ of tithe, which appears in every account, 6_s._ 8_d._ to the clerk who drew up the returns, and the stipends of two foresters.

The court rolls of 1381-2 have the heading _de venatione infra forestam_ several times, but no entry follows.

The accounts for 1387-8 give John Copleston as the king’s steward in Devonshire. John Prik was the forester-bailiff of the West forest; the money wages for two foresters was only 13_s._ 4_d._, but they each received an additional 6_d._ a week during the four weeks of the deer-calving time, or fence month. For the North forest, Robert Colleshull was forester-bailiff, and Ralph Brante for the East forest; in both cases the wages were the same as in the West ward. Much of this roll is illegible.

The ministers’ accounts for 1403-4 give Henry Burgeye as receiver, and he accounts for the borough of Lydford. William Wykes was forester for North Dartmoor; 1,307 cattle, ninety-one horses, forty-two peat-cutters, and twenty-four folds. Aver Wonstan was forester for East Dartmoor; 1,693 cattle, 133 horses, twenty-one peat-cutters, and twelve folds. William Ysabel was forester for South Dartmoor; 1,600 cattle, forty-nine horses, sixteen peat-cutters, and twelve folds. William Kelly was forester for West Dartmoor; 1,780 cattle, ninety-seven horses, sixteen peat-cutters, and twelve folds.

A bundle of court rolls of the beginning of Henry V.’s reign, 1399-1405, contain many interesting forest details. At a court for East Dartmoor held at Lydford on St. Luke’s Day, there were various fines for unwarranted agistment, and one charge of hunting with greyhounds at Myrepitte on Christmas Day. Though not so styled, there were evidently the regular swainmote courts held in forests every forty days, for courts were also held, for the year 1399-1400, in February, on the Feast of St. David, at Easter, Sts. Philip and James, Whitsuntide, St. John Baptist, St. Mark, and the Assumption—nine in all.

There were also eight courts held for West Dartmoor, on days quite apart from those for the east ward, including St. Clement’s, Christmas, St. Valentine’s, and St. Gregory’s Days. There is a full list for 1399-1400 of those who turned their cattle (_averia_) out in East Dartmoor. The contrast is considerable between the rich John Abraham—(was he of Jewish descent?)—who turned out 300 head, and Walter atte Heade who had only a single beast. The total of the cattle is 1,970, and the agistment money came to £19 6_s._ 3_d._

The ministers’ accounts for 1403-4 show a still large number of agisted cattle on East Dartmoor, namely, 3,159, in addition to twenty-nine horses; the peat-cutters numbered thirty. Richard Wyte was the bailiff-forester. The wages for two foresters stand as in earlier accounts, and there is also 10_s._ paid for a warden of the cattle collected at the pound of Dunbryge, and for a clerk writing out the list and aiding in impounding them. In Rowe’s _Perambulation_ there are several references to Dunbridge, or Dunnabridge, pound, usually called the duchy pound, of a much later date. The sum of 3_s._ 4_d._ was paid this year for parchment on which to write the East Dartmoor agistment lists. The bailiff-forester for West Dartmoor for that year was Alfred Wonstan; he returned 1,430 cattle, thirty-two horses, and twenty-one peat-cutters, but no fold money (_faldagium_); for this ward there were also two paid foresters with an assistant herdsman for the Dunbridge pound. South Dartmoor (John Grendon) had 2,012 cattle, thirty-six horses, and seventeen peat-cutters; whilst North Dartmoor (John Wyke) had 1,401 cattle, eighty-nine horses, and thirty-three peat-cutters. These two wards also each paid for two foresters and an assistant for the Dunbridge pound. This great pound, between Two Bridges and Dartmeet, is a large enclosure measuring 350 feet from east to west, and 330 feet from north to south. Rowe describes the wall as nearly 6 feet high where perfect.

The ministers’ accounts for 1451-2 yield the following agistment returns:—

East West South North
Cattle 1,208 1,248 1,696 1,045
Horses 42 21 40 26

This shows a considerable falling off from the returns of half a century earlier date.

The agistment entries more than a century later, in the court rolls for the forest of 1571-2, give the numbers of the cattle on North Dartmoor as 1,224; they belonged to fifty-four owners: Thomas Whyte owned 208, Thomas Ware 150, and Stephen Knight forty-eight, whilst some only owned one beast. Under _Nomina delinquent’ infra forest’_ are the names of Stephen Knight and thirty others who were each fined 3_s._ for agistment offences. There were only thirteen horses. Agistment of sheep (_bidentes_) now appear on the rolls; of these there were twenty-one owners, and their flocks on the moor varied from 300 to 10; the total number of the sheep was 830, and their agistment fees amounted to 25_s._ 11_d._ The cattle on South Dartmoor numbered 1,043, and the horses nine; whilst twelve persons turned out 346 sheep for 10_s._ 7½_d._ On West Dartmoor the cattle numbered 1,619, and the horses twenty, but there were no sheep. On East Dartmoor there were 2,079 cattle, twenty horses, and 100 sheep. Five persons each turned out a score, and paid the aggregate sum of 3_s._ 1½_d._, so the charge for sheep was 7½_d._ the score. In each ward there were a number of delinquents who paid 3_s._ fines. The total of the peat-cutters, who still paid 5_d._ each, on the whole moor was thirty-five.

The court rolls for some twenty years later, namely, for 1595-6, show that the sheep were increasing. There were 843 in the north quarter, 110 in the east, and 246 in the west; the return for the south quarter is missing.

In the reign of James the sheep on the whole materially increased, at the expense of the cattle. The proportions for the north quarter in 1609-10 were 746 cattle, thirteen horses, and 1,560 sheep; but they fluctuated much, for in 1617-19 the cattle of the same quarter numbered 640, the horses seven, and the sheep 600.

The introduction of sheep on Dartmoor probably showed a diminution in the deer, or, at all events, less attention to their interests; for although red deer, where they roam widely, are not nearly so much affected by sheep pasturage as fallow deer, still it was always the principle to restrict sheep very narrowly in royal forests even when tenanted by the larger deer.

Towards the end of the eighteenth century the red deer had become so plentiful on Dartmoor that the farmers bitterly complained, and at last they were exterminated by the staghounds of the Duke of Bedford, sent down from Woburn for that purpose. It has been said that “Tavistock was so glutted with venison that only the haunches of the animals killed were saved, the rest being given to the hounds,” but this is obviously a somewhat ridiculous exaggeration. Of late years red deer occasionally find their way to Dartmoor, straying thither from Exmoor, although its nearest point is over forty miles distant.

The return of the jurors of the court of survey of the manor of Lydford and the forest of Dartmoor on 13th October, 1786, as parcel of the possessions of the Duchy of Cornwall, is cited in full by Mr. Rowe. It supplies interesting particulars as to the then obligation of the tenants to assist the foresters of the east, south, and west quarters to make a winter drift for the colts at their own charge, and to drive them to Dunnabridge pound and keep them there for two days and three nights, and thence to the Prince’s pound at Lydford, all at their own charge save the taking from the forester one halfpenny white loaf of bread apiece; also to help in the three summer drifts of cattle between Midsummer and Lammas after like fashion, under pain of 6_s._ 8_d._

A further presentation by the jurors was with regard to divers towns or villages abutting on the forest and within the purlieu, whose cattle did daily escape into the forest. Such offenders were subject to fine, which fine was turned into a rent called _Fines Villarum_, hence those who dwell in these townships and pay these rents are called Venvillemen. They further presented that Venvillemen, in return for the rent, may keep as many cattle as they can winter on their tenements in the forest, and may cut turf for their own use.

The Venville parishes number twenty-one. When the drifts were made, Venvillemen could recover their cattle or colts without paying any fine or charge, but the other remained pounded till the due fee had been discharged. The drift was summoned by the sound of a horn.

Every parish of the county has a right to send cattle to this moor save Barnstaple and Totnes.

The duchy now lets the four quarters of Dartmoor to the moormen, who in return charge a small fee for every sheep, bullock, or horse turned out not belonging to a Venvilleman, and this fee includes, as it did of old, a pledge of protection.

None of our English forests have so many of their original boundary or ancient guide stones remaining as that of Dartmoor, and the reason is sufficiently obvious, namely, the imperishable character of the granite that abounds throughout the district. Such stones almost naturally assumed the shape of a cross in the days of the simple vivid faith of our forefathers. The old grey cross standing up on the bare moor would not only tell the moormen or the Venvillemen of the bounds of their respective rights, or point out the path to be taken by the wayfarer, but would serve to keep in remembrance the Saviour of mankind. In one of the earliest printed English books, by Wynken de Word, in the fifteenth century, occur these words:—

“For this reason ben Crosses by ye waye, that whan folke
passynge see the Crosses, they sholde thynke on Hym that dyed
on the Corss, and worshyppe Hym above all thynge.”

Notwithstanding the mischief that has been done to these Dartmoor forest crosses, by wanton ignorance or Puritan malevolence, upwards of thirty still remain. They are admirably described and illustrated by Mr. William Crossing, in his _Ancient Crosses of Dartmoor_ (1887).

FOOTNOTES

[1] This word, though the assistance of some of our ablest philologists has been asked and courteously given, remains uncertain in its meaning. The probabilities on the whole favour the idea that it was a local name for some kind of horned deer. Possibly it may have been the roebuck. Compare _leucoryx_, the name for a white antelope.

[2] _Duchy Depositions_, I. H. 10.

[3] _Ibid._, 10_a_.

[4] _Capille_, _capulle_, or _capul_, is an old English term for a horse, chiefly north country. It is used in _Piers Ploughman_ and the _Canterbury Tales_.

[5] _Tynsell_, or _tinsel_, was small dry wood, such as was collected for heating ovens.

INDEX

Abbenhalle, 277, 278
Ralph, 71, 277, 278

Abraham, John, 344

Acclam family, 113

_Account of English Deer Parks_, 85

Ackworth park, 76, 80

Acland, Bart., Sir Thomas Dyke, 339

Acle, Reginald de, 245, 288
Roger, 247

Acornbury forest, 7

Acres, Jean d’, 227

Acton Burnell, 225

Acton, Henry de, 135

Adam, huntsman, 49
the fowler of Ayton, 39

Adderley, Nicholas, 191

“Afforestation,” 5

Agard, John, 172, 194
Ralph, 172
William, 142, 176, 197

Agardsley, 138, 142

Agisters, 10, 14, 23-4, 41

_Agricultural Reports of Leicestershire of 1794_, 232

Alant, 50

Albemarle, George Monk, Duke of, 322

Albiny, Philip de, 323

Alconbury, 269

Aldborough, Richard de, 213

Aldburgh, 125

Alder, 73, 74

Alderbury, 314, 322

Alderwasley, 73, 186, 191, 192, 195, 202

Alexander, King of Scotland, 91

Alice Holt forest, 78, 85, 309-10

Alisson, Henry, 189

Allantofts, 116

Allen, Thurston, 168

Allerdale, 92

Allerston, 45

Allerton, 213, 216

Alne, the, 87, 90, 92, 129

Alnwick Castle, 90
forest, 7, 77, 88, 89, 90

Alsop, John, 194

Alston, 91

Alton, 245

Alvandeley, Richard de, 102

Alvechurch, 147

Alveston forest, 7

Ambassadors, 77, 78

Ambros, Richard, 317

Amesbury, 313, 314, 324, 326, 327

Amice, Widow, 148

Amond, Robert, 140

Amounderness forest, 44, 45, 80, 98, 102, 104

Ampthill, 78, 79

_Ancient Crosses of Dartmoor_, 348

Andover, 327

Andredes-weald, 301

Andville, John de, 156

_Anecdotes of Cranborne Chase_, 82

Ankirk, 288

_Annals of the Ancient Royal Forests of Exmoor_, 335

Anne of Denmark, 339

Anne, Queen, 219

Annesley, 215

Apethorpe, 253

Aquitium, 160

_Arabilis_, 72

Aragon, Catherine of, 338, 339

Archer, Richard, 228
Thomas le, 161

Arden forest, 229
Simon, 197

Arley, 148

_Armiger_, 192

Arnold forest, 213, 219

Arrow, the, 229

Arsic, Robert, 258

_Art de Venerie, L’_, 61

Arundel forest, 302
Edmund, Earl of, 318
Thomas, 318

Ash, 68, 73, 74, 263, 293

Ashborne, John de, 54

Ashbourn, Robert de, 15

Ashdale, 94, 95

Ashdown, 37, 301, 302

Ashfield, 132, 219

Ashleyhay, 186, 202

Ashop, 170, 173, 177

Ashover, 167

Ashpotts, 74

Ashton, 325

Ashwood, 148

Aspen, 68

Assarts, 11, 12

Assheton, William, 193

Assize of Woodstock, 11, 68

Aston, 150, 159, 240
Hugh de, 228

Astune, Walter de, 227

Atherton de Ayntre, Henry de, 102

Atkyn’s _Ancient and Present State of Gloucestershire_, 274

Attachment court, the, 13, 14

Attewell, Adam, 34

Avenel, William, 205

Avon, the, 38, 227
Micah, 95

Awdley, Sir James, 311

Axe-bearer, 19, 23, 153

Axisholt, 309

Ayer, Robert, 169

Aylesbury, Walter de, 228

Ayston, 236

Ayton, Gilbert, 40, 45

Babington, Anthony, 194
Thomas, 168, 172

Babthorp, Master, 119

Bacon, Richard, 320
Robert, 244

Badelesmere, Gaucelin de, 131

Badger, 35, 36-7

Badyngton, Baldwin, 338
Matilda, 338

Bagel, William le, 336

Baggley, Ralph, 293

Bagley, 257

Bagnall House, 85

Bagott, Stephen, 174, 175

Bagshawe, George, 170
Thomas, 171, 174, 175
William, 164, 171, 175

Bagshot, 298

Bagworth, 54

Bailiwick, 14, 19

Bailly, Robert, 311

Baines’ _Lancashire_, 98

Baker, 172, 237

Bakewell, 151, 153, 167

Baldere, Richard, 191

Baldlyston, Simon de, 103

Banastre, Adam, 103
Thomas, 103

Bantrum, William, 292

Barbery, Booth, 166

Barbille, 119

Barbour, Edward, 170, 171
George, 323
John, 323
Thomas, 323

Bardley, 226

Bardolf, John, 214

Bardulf, William, 206

Barking, abbess of, 34

Barley, Humphrey, 175

Barlowe, George, 171

Barnact, 239

Barnsdale, 235

Barnstaple, 347

Barre, Peter de la, 209

Barton, 138, 139, 141, 142
Robert de, 93
William de, 239

Barylgate, 118

Basford, 214, 219

Basingwerk, 13, 134, 154, 158, 160, 166, 173

Baskerville, Walter, 36

Baslow, Richard de, 164

Bass, 72

Basset, Ralph, 147, 148
Sir Robert, 58, 242

Bassethawe, 58

Bast, 72, 141

Bateson, Miss, 232

Baveney, 226

Baynton, Henry, 325

Beagle, 50

Beard, 167

Beasts of the forests, 25-40

Beauchamp, James, 228
John de, 259
Sir Richard, 323
Sir William de, 306

Beauchief Abbey, 13

Beaufoy, Ralph de, 155

Beaulieu, 307

Beaumont, 234, 235, 237

_Beauties of England and Wales_, 221

Bebington, 131

Beckford, 64

Beech, 68, 73, 311

Beeching, 302

Bees and honey, 39-40

Bek, Anthony, 88, 115, 126, 147, 148, 208
Thomas, 208
Walter, 208

Beler, Roger, 189

Belper, 8, 33, 43, 54, 183, 184, 185, 186, 188, 189, 191, 192, 193,
198, 199, 200, 202, 203

Belton, 236

Belvoir, 168

Benefield, 241, 242, 243, 244
Laund, 255

Benselin, Henry, 239

Bentinck, William, 95

Bentley, 229

Bercelet, 48, 52, 53

Bere forest, 85, 309, 310-12

Beresford Dale, 32

Berewyk, Adam de, 101
Thomas de, 101

Bergh, Alexander de, 111
Bernard de, 111

Berkeley, Maurice, 236

Berkshire forest, 266-7

Bermondsey, 69

Bernake, Gervase de, 33, 160

Bernarius, 53

Berner, the, 53

Bernes, Dame Julyana, 63

Bernwood forest, 35, 257, 258, 260, 261, 262, 267, 268

Berse, 277

Bertram, Roger, 88

Berwick, 109

Bestwood, 76, 206, 207, 213, 215, 216, 222

Bethune, Thomas de, 99

Bevercote, William de, 212

Bewdley, 225, 226

Bewell, Thomas, 171

Bicester, 257

Bicknoure, 277

_Bidentes_, 345

Bigg, Walter, 165

Biggin, 191, 198

Bigland’s _Historical Collections_, 274

Bigod, Hugh, 240

Bigot, Robert, 115
Sir Ralph, 122

Bikerstach, Ralph de, 104

Bilhagh, 217, 218, 219, 220, 222

Billahaugh, 207

Binsted, 245

Birch, 68, 73, 74

Birkhow, 115

Birkin, John de, 205
Thomas de, 205

Birkland, 217, 218, 220, 222

Birkley, 140, 142

Birkley Lodge, 42

Birton, Joan de, 214
Ralph de, 214

Bishop of Lichfield’s Chase, 146

Bishops Waltham, 81

Blackbrook, 153, 198

Blackburn, 98

Blackburnshire forest, 32, 98, 104, 105, 106

Blackmore, 330, 331-2
vale of, 86

Blackthorn, 68, 73, 74

Blackwater bridge, 290

Blackwell, George, 174

Blagden, 37

Blagge, Mrs. Mary, 80

Blaine’s _Encyclopedia of Rural Sports_, 32

Blake, John, 323

Blakeney, 277

Blakey Moor, 112

Blandford, 84, 265

Blandsby, 57, 119, 120, 124

Blandsby park, 109

Blane, Richard, 64

Bleasdale forest, 80, 98, 99, 100

_Blestro_, 75

_Blettro_, 75

Bleythe, 277

Blidworth, 204, 217, 222

Bligh, 205, 206

Bliorth, 212

Blisworth, 246

Bloodhound, 50

Blount, Henry, 226, 227
Walter, 168
William le, 102

Blundel, William, 99

Blyth, 207

Boar, wild, 25, 26, 30-2, 107-8, 154, 275

Bode, Agnes, 209
Robert, 209

Bois, Thomas de, 289

_Boke of Saint Albans, The_, 63

_Bolas_, 72

_Boldon Book_, the, 97

Boldre, 73

Boleyn, Sir Thomas, 338

Boltby, 213

_Bona vacantia_, 5

Bononia, Sir Francis de, 35, 260

_Booth_, 43, 166

Bordesley, 228

Boroughbridge, 109

Bosco, Ernald de, 258

Bossington, 336

Bot, John, 213

“Bounderers,” 9

Bourchier, Sir Thomas, 292, 295
William, 323

Bow-bearer, 20, 94, 106, 177

Bowden, 152, 159, 170

Bower Chalk, 82

Bowland forest, 32, 98, 104

Bowls, 72

Bowood, 85, 324, 325

Boynton family, 113

Bozon, Robert, 161

Brabazon, Richard, 100

Brache, 48, 50

Bradburn, 69

Bradburne, Henry de, 190
Humphrey, 193, 194
John, 192
William, 202

Bradeford, Robert de, 134

Braden, 325-6

Bradfield, Thomas, 191

Bradley, 192
Richard de, 337

Bradshaw, 69, 200
Anthony, 200, 201
Henry, 191
John, 190, 191, 193, 195
Robert, 195
William, 200

Braithwait, 93

Brampton, 116, 338

Bramshill, 81

Branch, 328

Brandenburgh, Duke of, 79

Branding irons, 284

Brante, Ralph, 334

Braose family, 302
William, 302

Braundeston, Matilda de, 246

Braunston, 234, 235, 236

Bray, 295
Ralph de, 101
Sir Reynold, 169

Braydon, 60, 81

Brayton, 331

Breadsall, 213

Bren, Llewellyn, 279

Bret, John le, 213, 215
Thomas, 35

Breton, William le, 244, 260, 269, 333

Breward, 146

Brewere, William de, 31, 258

Brewood, 147, 148, 223

Bridewode, 279

Bridford, 292

Bridge Casterton, 234

Bridge, Mr., 237

Bridgman, Sir Orlando, 324

Bridgnorth, 146, 148, 223, 224, 225

Bridlington, 116, 117

Brien, Guy de, 279

Brigstock, 35, 58, 240, 241, 242, 243, 248, 250, 252, 253, 255, 256

Brill forest, 267

Bristol, 280

Bristwick park, 76

Britford, 313

Briton, Ralph, 267

Brockshaw, John, 200

Brodeles, 59

Brodenstoke, 324

_Broksylver_, 167

Bromall, John, 170

Bromley, 104
Thomas de, 146

Brook, 235, 236

Brotherton, 126

Broughton, 44, 45, 102, 103

Brown, Thomas, 172

Bruce, Robert, 109

Bruern, 258, 261

Bruges, 148

Bruys, Matilda de, 36

Brymore, John de, 306

Brymyngeshoe, 118

Buck, the, 25

Buckholt, 313, 315, 316, 317

Buckhounds, 49

Buckinghamshire forest, 267-8

Buckstalls, 56-7

Buddlesgate, 311

Budley, 207

Budworth, 133

Bugg, Ralph, 160

Bulax, 245

Bulbe, Ralph, 337

Bulkeley, Roger, 318

Bullsmore, 184, 188, 189

Bulmer, 128

Bulners, Peter, 187

Bulwick, 253

Burford, 258

Burgeye, Henry, 343

Burgs, Henry de, 206

Burleigh, Lord, 298

Burnell, Hugh, 225
Robert, 225

Burton, 96, 140
Mr., 231

Burton-on-Trent, 140

Burtonwood forest, 99

Bushie Park, 78

Butter, Henry, 200, 201
James, Marquis of Ormonde, 339

Butterly, 194

Buxted, 301

Buxton, 159
Mr. E. N., 86, 283, 286

Byfleet, 293

Bygley, Ralph, 38

Bygod, Roger, Earl of Norfolk, 111

_Byke_, a, 40

Byngham, Robert de, 332

Byron, Sir John, 196, 216

_Cableicium or cablicium_, 7

Cadworth, 328

Caius, Dr., 48

Caldew, 92

Caldon, 236

Calne, 322, 324

Calton Park, 77

Calverton, 14, 212, 215

Cambrencis, Giraldus, 154

Camden, Mr., 331

Camerton, Andrew de, 306

Camhead, 163

Campana, 151, 152, 153, 154, 160, 161, 165, 168, 170, 173, 183

_Campestres_, 63

Candover, 225
Philip de, 52

_Canes cheverolerez_, 49

Cannock Chase, 145-8
forest, 34

Canonpath, 316

Cantelupe manor, 276

Cantilupe, Mabel de, 8
William, 240

Canute, 4, 44, 68

“Capille,” 171

_Capistra_, 59

Caponn, Sir Robert, 109

_Capriolus_, 29

_Carbonarii_, 343

Carburton, 207

Cardell, 69

Carducis, Thomas de, 208

Carlisle, 90, 91, 122
John, Bishop of, 215

Carlton, 220, 242, 248
William, 127

Carnabie, Cuthbert, 89, 90

Cassy, Sir John, 180

Castiard, 71, 278

Castle Donnington, 54

Castlehay, 138, 139, 141, 142, 144

Castlehay park, 80

Castleman, Mr., 84

Castleton, 150, 151, 152, 156, 165, 167

Cat, wild, 33, 36

Caton, John de, 100
Ralph de, 40

Cattle, 42-3, 342-5

_Catulos_, 34

Caux, Matilda de, 205

Cave, Sir Ambrose, 174, 196

Cavendish, Henry, Lord, 80, 144

Cawledge park, 90

_Cervericii canes_, 49

_Cervus elaphas_, 26

_Chablis_, 7

Chaddesden, 155

Chaddesley, 149

Chaderton, Edward, 330

Chafin, Mr., 82

Chamber of the Forest, 152, 168, 171
Peak, 152

Champagne, 183, 190

Champyon, the, 174

Chapel, 167

Chapel-en-le-Frith, 151, 152, 163, 168, 179

Chappell Henalt Walk, 78

Chapter, the, 11

Charcoal burning, 137

Charlbury, 262

Charlcote, Thomas de, 261

Charles I., 77, 179, 201, 297
II., 32, 79, 95, 130, 143, 144

Charnwood forest, 231-2

_Charnwood Forest_, 231

Charter of the Forest, the, 3, 6, 8, 9, 12, 13, 22, 40, 42, 47, 60,
95, 227, 229, 284, 330, 331

Chase, a, 2

Chaumpvent, Peter de, 92

Cheddar forest, 7, 334

Chelmorton, 153, 167, 178

Cheminage and Fence Month, 59-61, 127, 147, 187, 272

Chertsey, 34, 38, 287, 288, 290, 293

Cheselden, John, 236

Cheshire forest, 20, 131-6

_Cheshire_, Ormerod’s, 131

Chester, 36, 38, 39, 131, 132, 134, 136, 206

Chesterfield, 205

Chestnut, sweet, 68, 71, 278

Chettle Common, 84
Lodge, 84

Cheut forest, 78

_Cheverellus_, 29

Chevin, 192, 198, 202, 203
House, 199, 200

Chevinsyde, 201

Chevrones, 206

Cheyne, Roger, 328

Child, Mr. T. F., 204

Chilterns, the, 257

Chilton Foliat, 266

Chingford, 283
Walk, 78

Chinley Common, 32

Chippenham, 322, 323

Chipping, 105

Chisworth, 179

Cholmley, Richard, 119, 120, 122, 123, 124
Roger, 122

Christchurch, 38

Churchill, 149

Chute forest, 290, 327-8

Chyllynton, 146

_Chymynagium_, 59

Clare, Gilbert de, 227

Clare, Robert, 31

Claret, John, 157

Clarendon forest, 7, 9, 13, 20, 29, 31, 37, 38, 39, 41, 43, 49, 52,
56, 57, 71, 73, 85, 313-22

Clark, Richard, 200

Claughton forest, 101

Clay, 219

Clee forest, 226

Cleford, Robert de, 342

Cleley, 237

Cleobury, 225

Clerk, Philip le, 148

Clewer, 58

Cliff forest, 46, 239, 240, 250, 251, 252, 255, 256

Cliff, William de, 275

Clifford family, 226
Isabel de, 92
Robert de, 71, 92
Roger de, 148, 276, 278, 288

Clifton, 129, 213

Clipston forest, 7, 207, 212, 213, 215

Clitheroe, 98, 104

Clowe, Thomas à, 58

Clumber, 219, 221

Clypston Park, 76

Clyve, Thomas de, 135

Coan, Robert, 137

Cobbel, William, 337

Cobham, 287, 288

Cockayne, Sir Thomas, 64

Cockshut, a, 39
farm, 39

Coit Andred, 301

Cokayne, Sir Edward, 201
Sir John, 166
Sir Thomas, 171, 195

Cokefeld, John de, 208

Cokehill, 147

Cokendale, 249

Coket, Francis, 129

Coking, Richard, 139

Cokker, 101

_Cokkyes_, 130

Colchester, 284

Cold Norton, 259

Cole, the, 267

Colebrook, 72, 183, 186, 187, 190, 195, 197, 201, 203

Coleshill, 267

Collam, John, 271

Colleshull, Robert, 343

Collinson’s _History of Somerset_, 329, 335

“Collyng,” 50, 163

Collyweston, 252, 253

Colne, 104, 105

Colombieres, Matthew de, 245, 288

Colson, John, 123

Colt, a, 33

Columbariis, Matthew de, 52

Colville, Robert, 113

Colwick, 208
William, 208

Colwych, William, 328

Colyn, William, 317

Common Law, the, 2

Compton, Thomas de, 260

Conet forest, 99

Coney, 26, 37

Conisborough Park, 76

Constable, Robert, 119
Sir Marmaduke, 119

_Constitutiones de Foresta_, 4

Cook, William, 192

Cookham, 295

Cope, Sir John, 81

Copleston, John, 343

Coptre, 235

_Copulas_, 206

Coquet, 87, 88, 90

Corbet, John, 148

Corby, 237, 242, 248, 255

Corfe Castle, 331

Corkley, 187, 188

Cornbury Park, 85, 261

Cornet, Agnes, 243

Cornhill, William, 287

“Cornilu,” 168

Cornwall, Duchy of, 167, 346
Edmund, Earl of, 291, 342
Richard, Earl of, 243, 342

Corston, 225

Cossham, 322

Corviser, Ralph le, 185

Coterell, Warner, 158

Cotterstock, 247

Cottingham, 248

Cotton, 235
Collection, the, 59

Coucher Book, the, 35, 116

Court Thorn, 95

Courtenay, Philip de, 338
Thomas de, 338

_Country Contentments_, 64

Coveham, 288

Coventry, 156

Cowhey, 166

Cowhouse Lane, 186, 199

Crab-apple, 73, 143, 197

Crakehall, John of, 269, 270

Cranborne Chase, 9, 31, 35, 37, 60, 61, 79, 81, 82, 84, 297, 299, 300

Crancumbe, George de, 259

Crawley, 311

Crayke, 128

Crediton, 340

Cressebien, Richard, 330

Crepping, Richard de, 88, 92, 100, 209, 277, 330

Crich, 193
Chase, 190

Cricklade, 325
hospital, 60

Criel, Nicholas de, 243

Croft, Roger de, 101

Cromwell, Lord, 129, 130
Oliver, 142
Thomas, 296

Crooke, Sir Henry, 263
Sir John, 263
Unton, 263

Cropton, 118

Cross, 185, 186, 187

Crossbow, 252-3, 255

Cross Cliff, 45, 118, 122

Crossing, Mr. William, 348

Crowford bridge, 293

Croyland, 249

Croxall, 155

Croxteth park, 98

Croxton, 206

Cruce, Robert de, 138

Cruchell, 160

Crumbwell, John de, 93

Culbone, 336

Cumberland forest, 90-5

_Cumberland_, Jefferson’s, 95

Cumnor, 257

Curson, Francis, 196
Henry, 213
Richard, 311, 323

Curte Clarke, 169

Curzon, John, 200
Richard, 155
William, 155

Dacra, William de, 93

Dalby, 108

Dallowe, Mr., 80

Dalton, John, 111, 114, 115

_Dama vulgaris_, 26

_Damericii canes_, 49

Daniel, John, 161, 165

Darley abbey, 13, 69
Dale, 153

Darrell, family, 326

Dartmeet, 345

Dartmoor forest, 2, 8, 22, 24, 41, 43, 44, 53, 167, 340-8

Datchet, 290

Daubeny, Lord, 338

Davenport, Richard, 136

Day, Thomas, 193

Daye, Richard, 299

Daxsholt, 104

_Dean, An Historical and Descriptive Account of the Forest of_, 274

_Dean, The Personalities of the Forest of_, 234

Dean forest, 8, 13, 20, 30, 31, 66, 71, 85, 229, 230, 274-82

Debenham, John of, 270
Michael, 270

_De Cableicio_, 7

_De feodo_, 101

Deepdale, 121, 234

Dear-hays, 59

Deer-brouse, 19, 255

Deer-leaps, 56

Deer, list of, 76-7

Derby, 33, 184, 200

Derbyshire, forest, 98, 99, 102, 103

Delamere forest, 132, 134-5

“Derebrouse,” 19, 255

“Derefal,” 255

Dernhall abbey, 13

Derry Hill, 322

Derwent, the, 37, 125, 181, 184, 185, 186

_Description of Leicestershire_, 231

_Descriptive List of the Deer Parks and Paddocks of England_, 85

Despenser, Hugh le, 110

Dettrick, John, 194

Devizes, 322, 323

Devyle, Rich, 272

Dickson, Carr, 74

Dieulacres abbey, 13, 158

Digby, Everard, 235, 236
Thomas, 248

Digge, Richard, 235

Dinting, 179

Dionysia, 114

Disafforestation, 6

Dispencer, Hugh, 206, 262

Dixon, Mr., 297

Doddington, 161

Doe, the, 25

Dole, 328

Domesday Survey, 4, 44, 136, 181, 204, 232

Done, family, 133
Richard, 133, 135

Donnington, 184

Dorsetshire forests, 330-2

“Dottard oaks,” 197

Doughty, Thomas, 195

Dove, Richard, 36
the, 32

Dovedale, 32

Doverbeck, 206

Doverhay, 336

_Drag_, 139

_Draw_, 139

Drayton, 147, 148
Henry, 245
Michael, 274
Ralph, 245

Dronfield Church, 154

Druscombe, 341

Dryden, Sir Henry, 50, 61, 64, 65, 66

Duffield, 69, 140, 181, 183
Castle, 182
Chase, 33
forest, 8, 9, 18, 24, 37, 39, 42, 43, 73, 189, 190, 191, 197, 198,
199, 200, 201, 202
Frith (forest), 2, 8, 9, 13, 16, 27, 28, 37, 39, 40, 42, 53, 54,
57, 58, 59, 69, 72, 74, 77, 181-203

Dulverton, 336, 337

Dunbridge, 344, 345

Duncan, Lord, 282

Dunbryge, 344

Dunnabridge, 344, 346

Dunyton, 206

Durham, 126
Cathedral, 197
forest, 96-7

Dykes, Richard, 95

Dynham, John, 338

Easingwold, forest of, 7, 127, 129

East Grinstead, 301

Easthampstead, 296

Eastlegh, Wilkin of, 224

Easton, 244

Easton wood, 74

Ebbeston, 116

Ebisham, 288

Eblebourn, 313

Ecclesburn, the, 185, 186, 189

Edale, 33, 43, 150, 166, 173, 177

Eddington, 255

Eddisbury, 133

Eden, the, 91

Edmund, Earl of Lancaster, 100, 102, 137, 181

Edward I., 3, 8, 20, 33, 35, 49, 52, 91, 126, 152, 162-3, 181, 214,
246
II., 30, 52-3, 93, 108, 110, 111, 128, 212
III., 22, 38, 61, 110
IV., 20, 37
VI., 73
the Black Prince, 132
the Confessor, 5, 267, 336
Duke of York, 61, 62, 64

Edwin, Mr. Chas., 282

Edwinstowe, 14, 212, 215, 218

Egbert, 4

Egginton, John, 193

Egham, 288, 293

Egham Walk, 79

Ela, Countess of Warwick, 262

Elder, 68, 73

Eleanor, Queen, 228, 261, 315

Elizabeth, 73, 297

Ellerton, prior of, 57, 60

Ellis, Mr. W. S., 302

Elm, 68, 73

Elmedon, Walter de, 146

Elton, Master, 194

Eltonheved, Richard de, 102

Ely, 115

Elynton, Ivo de, 160

Emborne, the, 266

Empingham bridge, 235

Empson, Richard, 253
Mr., 122

Empson, Richard, 330

Enfield Chase, 78-81
Great Park, 78

Engaine Warner, 155, 158-9

_English Dogges_, 48

_English and Scottish Popular Ballads_, 204

Epping forest, 29, 40, 46, 85, 283, 286
Walk, 78

_Equitium_, 160

Erdeswyk, Thomas de, 135

Erdinton, Thomas de, 224

Eresby, 208

Ermynthwait, 93

Escat, Richard le, 91

Eslington, 36

Essex forest, 34, 41, 43-4, 47, 69, 78, 283-6

_Essex, the Forest of_, 283

_Essoins_, the, 11, 112, 306

Est, Richard, 271

Esturney, Adam, 341

Eton, 262

Eure, William le, 115

Evelyn, 71, 210, 222

Everard, John, 338

Everingham, Adam de, 205, 214
John de, 205
Robert de, 37, 205, 206, 207, 209, 214

Evermuth, Beatrice de, 206
Walter de, 206

Evesham, 228, 234
Hugh de, 146

Ewerby, John, 311

Ewyas, Richard of, 245, 246

Exford, 336

Exmoor forest, 2, 8, 30, 53, 85, 333-8, 341, 346

_Exploration of Dartmoor_, 340

Eyam, 166

Eynsham, 262

Eyre, Edward, 173
forest, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16
Robert, 174, 175

_Eyries_ of hawks and falcons, 38

Eyton’s _Shropshire_, 224, 226

Fairfax, Guy, 119

Fairfield, 153

Fairlop Oak, 286

Falcon, 38

_Faldage_, 248

_Faldagium_, 345

_Fall of Needwood, The_, 145

Fallow deer, 25, 26, 27

Farley, 311, 324
Hall, 200

Farnborough, 289

Farndale, 114, 125

Farnham, Nicholas de, 260

Fauconburg, Sir John de, 109, 110

Faversham, 288

Fawn, 28

Feckenham forest, 7, 149, 226, 227, 228, 229

“Fee-trees,” 70

Felsted, 284

Fence month, 14, 19, 41, 59-61, 94, 103, 326

Fenie Wood, 295

Fennes, William de, 314

Fenton, 166
Christopher, 129

_Fermisona_, 50

Fermyng, 252

Fernditch Walk, 84

Ferne, Richard, 200

Ferrars, Thomas de, 134

Ferrers, family, 137, 183
Henry de, 181
Robert, Earl of, 33, 60, 161, 162, 181
Sir Humphrey, 200
William de, 154, 155

_Feta_, 28

_Feton_, 28

_Feudal History of Derbyshire_, 28, 29

Fewterer, the, 53

Filthycroft, 319

Finchampstead, 295, 296

Finchford, 235

Findern, William de, 160

_Fines Villarum_, 347

Fineshead, 249

Finmere forest, 7

Firebote, 68

Fisher, Mr., 5, 43, 286

Fitz-Giles, Nicholas, 188
-Godfrey, Richard, 163
-Nicholas, Ralph, 155, 159, 258
Thomas, 163
Nigel, John, 160
Osborn, William, 225
Peter, Walter, 314
Ralph, John, 186
-Reinfred, Gilbert, 99
Stephen, Ralph, 205

Fitzherbert, John, 172, 194
Justice, 142
Peter, 107

Fitzhugh, John, 225

Fitzstephen, 71

Fitzwaren, 338

Fitzwilliam, Sir William, 295, 296

Flagg, 178

Flaxley Abbey, 71, 275, 276, 278, 280

Fleming, Stephen, 213

Fletcher, William, 95

Fletching, 301

Flitteris, 235

Foix, Gaston de, 50, 61, 65

Foljambe, Cecily, 165
Godfrey, 194
Henry, 164
John, 158
Roger, 158
Thomas, 33, 160, 161, 164
William, 163, 164

Folksworth, 270

Folowe, Robert, 172, 173

Folyot, Richard, 208

Fool, John the, 325

Ford, Robert de, 289

Forde, Thomas, 293

Foregate, the, 228

Forest Agistments, 41-6

Forest-and-Frith, 96
Charter. _See_ Charter of the Forest

“Forest Districts,” 5
eyres, 10
Inquisitions, 15
Law, 2, 4, 5
Officers, 17-24

_Forest Pleas_, 2, 16, 25, 29, 70, 92, 227, 234, 237, 268, 269, 284

Forest Quarter, 96
Ridge, 301

_Forest Scenery_, 73, 305

_Foresta de Lancaster_, 98

_Forestarii equitii_, 20

Foresters, 19-22

Foresters-of-fee, 20, 21, 33, 105

_Forestry and the New Forest_, 304

Forests, list of, 6

Forges, Itinerant, 8, 275

Forty-day Court, 14

Fosbroke’s _Record of Gloucestershire_, 274

Foster, William, 318

Fotheringhay, 249, 251, 253

Foucher, Cicely, 190
Robert, 190

Fouilloux, Jacques du, 64

Foulbridge, 116

Fountains, 122

“Fowl of the Forest,” 26

Fox, the, 3, 25, 26, 33, 34-5

Foxlove, John, 118

“Foxtrees,” 251, 252

Frank, Geoffrey, 128

Franketon, David de, 52, 53

Freeman, Professor, 4

Freemantle forest, 7

Free-warren, 3

Freford, 34

Frely, Robert, 188

Fretham, Hugh, 171

Frimley, 293

Frodsley, 225

Frost, William, 311

Fuklyn, Giles, 140
John, 140

Fuller, 280

Fulwood forest, 44, 98, 99, 102, 103, 117

Furches forest, 7

Furness, abbot of, 102

Furnival, Thomas de, 155, 160, 161, 162, 163

Galtres forest, 9, 39, 76, 125-30, 208

Gardiner, Roger, 264

Gatesgill, 93

Gaunter, Alan le, 246

Gauntlett, Thomas, 320

Gaystall, 93, 94, 95

Gazehound, 50

Geddington, 240, 252, 255, 256

Gedling, John, 191

Geese, 154

Gelet, Richard, 239

Gell, Sir John, 180

Genn, William, 246

Gentil, John le, 100
William, 104

_Gentleman’s Recreation_, 64

George Inn, Forster’s Booth, 66

Gernet, Benedict, 99
Roger, 99

Gervase de Bernake, 33

Gifford, John, 228, 247

Gilbert, Earl of Shrewsbury, 177

Gilbewin, Geoffrey, 239

Gillingham, 330-1, 332

Gilpin, William, 73, 305

Gladwin, John, 220

Glossop, 150, 151, 154, 156, 177

Gloucester, 275, 276
Humphrey, Duke of, 248
Thomas, Duke of, 280

Goathland, 117, 118, 122

Goats, 24, 45-6

Goband, John, 155, 156, 159

Godalming, 310

Godbradshawe, 177

Godstowe, 259

Gomfrey, Adam, 152, 154, 161, 165
Richard, 154
Thomas, 154

Good, Mr. Henry, 82

Goodrych, William, 214

Goodwyn, William, 330

Gorges, Eleanor de, 338
Ralph de, 338

Gorse, 68

Goscote, 235

Gould, E. T., 220

Gower, John, 118

Grafton Park, 78, 79, 296
Robert of, 243, 245
Thomas of, 243

Gray, Sir Reginald, 235, 248, 252, 253, 292, 330
Richard de, 323

Great Casterton bridge, 235
Dean, 277
Malvern, 227
Oakley, 242, 248
Park, 299, 300

Gredleye, John de, 102

Gredling Park, 76

“Green hue,” 69

Greendale Oak, 222

Greenthwaite, 94

Gregory, Ralph, 190

Grendon, John, 345

Grenehill, John, 280

Grenerigg, Elias de, 92
William de, 92

Grenleng, Robert, 246

Gresham, Richard, 169

Gresley, Alan, 155
Peter de, 164
Thomas, 155, 192
William, 194

Gretton, 248, 255
Thomas de, 161

Greves forest, 132

Grey; John de, 155, 156, 158, 159, 213

Greyhounds, 3, 35, 47-8, 50, 104, 241

Greytree, 229

Grim, Roger, 239

Grimston, 208

Grindsbrook Booth, 166

Groby, 231

Grosvenor family, 133

Groveley forest, 315, 316, 317, 318, 328-9

Grueythwaite, 94

Grymstede, John de, 314

Grynley park, 76

“Guarys,” 271

Guildford, 38, 42, 58, 288, 289, 290, 292, 293, 295, 296, 298

Gurdon, Adam, 277, 310

Guy, huntsman, 108

Gwash, the, 235

Gyffard, John, 146, 147

Gylse, 90

Gynet, Ingelram, 101

Hacche, Eustace de, 208

Hackness, 113, 114

Haddon, 192

_Haericii canes_, 49

Hagley, 149

Hainault, 283, 286

Haldane, Nicholas, 109

Halghton, Thomas de, 104

Hall, Richard, 169

Halmote, 104

Halter, a, 58, 59

Hambledon, 311

Hamburg, Henry de, 102

Hamelake, 118

Hamfordshoe, 248

Hamilton, Ralph, 155

Hamond, John, 311

Hampshire, the forests of, 304-12

Hamorton Dale, 252

Hampstead, 314

Hampton Court, 296
Robert, 36, 113

Hanborough Walter de, 306

Hanbury, 80, 137, 138, 139, 141, 142, 145
John de, 110

Hanger, Richard atte, 306

Hanslope, 245, 246
John of, 246
Simon of, 245

Hansted, Maria, 53

Harbela, John de, 93

Hardegill, Edward, 263

Hardwick Park, 85

Hardy, Roger, 36

Hare, the, 3, 25, 26, 30, 33, 34, 35-6, 332

Harewin’s mill, 235

Harland, 98

Harleruding, 245

Harly, John, 193

Harnham Bridge, 61

Harpsford, 292

Harrey, Thomas de, 101

Harriers, 49

Harrop, 104

Hart, the, 25, 50

Hartfield, 301

Harting, 32

Hartington, 32, 162, 188
William, Marquis of, 144

Hartley, 268

Hartoft, 118

Harwood, 96

Haslebache, 179

Haslewood, Thomas, 248

Hassop, 179

Hastings, Edward, Lord, 174, 235, 236
Edmund de, 110, 113, 120
Ralph de, 110, 112, 113, 115
Roger, 119, 120, 121, 122
Sir William, 109, 168, 215

Hatfield, 219, 283
Chase, 130
Regis, 284

Hathelakestan, Hasculf de, 233

Hathersage, 57, 151
Matthew de, 57

Hatheway, Ralph, 277

Hatton, Mr. George Finch, 255

Haugh Rise, 115

Haughdale, 113

Havering forest, 7, 31, 258, 283, 284

Hawk, 26, 38

Hawkridge, 336, 337

Hay, Henry del, 186

Haybote, 68, 69

Haydock, Richard de, 135

Hayfield, 177, 179

Haygrove, 279

Hayward, John, 128

Haywood, 222

Haxby, 129

Hazel, 68, 73, 74

Hazelwood, 186, 198

Heade, Walter atte, 344

Headington, 263, 264

Heage, 33, 191, 193, 198

Hebbe, 164

Heeson, John, 89

Helot, John, 190

Helsley, 131

Hemingborough, 119

Heneage, Sir Thomas, 296

Hengham, Ralph de, 147

Henley, 292
Brother William de, 160

Henley-in-the-Heath, 294

Henrietta Maria, Queen, 125

Henry I., 31, 257
II., 5, 9, 11, 33, 41, 60, 71, 95, 99, 154, 267
III., 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 34, 36, 41, 46, 49, 60, 88, 99, 100, 108, 125,
137, 162, 244, 325, 331
IV., 128, 181, 191
VI., 128
VII., 7, 30, 106, 118, 120, 132, 168, 294, 307
VIII., 73, 89, 123, 142, 170, 172, 195, 295, 296
Earl of Lancaster, 102
Lord Percy, 30
the Fowler of Barugh, 39

Hereditary foresters-of-fee, 20

Herons, 39, 302

Herpesford, 290

Hesket, 93, 95

Heyden, William, 324

Heyes, Ralph of, 245

Heyraz, Henry de, 314

High Forest, the, 206, 207
Lindes, 138
Lynns, 141
Peak forest. _See_ Peak forest

Higham Ferrers park, 79

Highlands, 142

Hillulidgate, 127

Hilton, 96, 174

Hinton, Hulle of, 224

Hippingscomb, 327

_Historical Recollections for a History of Staffordshire_, 146

_History of Tamworth_, 140

Hoar Lynte, 72, 141

Hoare’s _Wiltshire_, 322, 329

Hodleston, 104

Hog, Robert le, 134

Hoghton, Henry de, 104
Richard de, 103

Hog’s Back, 290

Holand, Robert de, 54, 187

Holbrok, Richard de, 246

Holbrook, 191, 193, 198

Holcot, John, 251

Holes, Roger, 318

Holland forest, 105
Henry, Earl of, 309

Hollingworth, Robert, 170

Hollinhead forest, 74

Hollinsclough, 166

Holly, 68, 73, 74

Holm, 119

Holmcoltram, 92

Holmeby Park, 79

Holnicote, 336

Holn Park, 90

Holton, Richard of, 224

Honey. _See_ Bees

Honor of Peverel, the, 150, 151

Hood, Robin, 204

Hook, John atte, 289

Hooton, 132

Hope, 150, 151, 152, 153
Bowdler, 225
Mr. Beresford, 32

Hopedale, 151, 152, 166

Hopemaloysel, 279

Hopping, 37
Mill, 37, 38
Weir, 37

Horewell, 226, 227

Horewood forest, 7

Hornbeam, 68, 73

Hornedroare, 295

Horne’s _Town of Pickering_, 43

Horse-breaking, 160, 165

Horsell, 293

Horsenden, William de, 155, 159, 160

Horses, 23, 24, 43-4

Horston forest, 7

Hotham, John, 119, 122

Hotherinde, John, 134

Hoton, William, 94

Hough, 188

Houghton, Benjamin, 80
Simon, 270

Houle, Ralph, 343

Hound, 33

“Houndgeld,” 47

Hounds and Hunting, 47-67

Housebote, 68, 69

How Park, 80

Howard, Thomas, Earl of Suffolk, 325

Howl Hill, 230

Huby, 127, 129

Hucklow, 159

Hudham, Nicholas de, 88

Hughson, Colonel, 180

Hulland, 39, 54, 183, 186, 187, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 197,
198, 199, 203

Hulleson, John, 187

Hundred Rolls, the, 33

Hungayth, Ralph, 129

“Hungell,” 47

Hungerford, Nicholas de, 54
Robert de, 110

Hunt, Richard le, 165

Hunter, Nicholas, 95

_Hunters_, 81

Hunting costumes, 64-7

Hunting treatises, 61-4

Huntingdon, 128

Huntingdonshire forest, 268-73

Hurdum, Captain David, 180

Hurst, Peter del, 157

Hutchins, Mr., 31, 82, 84

Hutchin’s _History of Dorset_, 330, 332

Hutchinson, Mr. Horace G., 304, 305

Hutton Bushell, 40, 45

Huttun, Sheriff, 128

Hyde Park, 78

Hyend, William, 213

Hyett, George, 280

Hyling Park, 80

Ibote, 110

Idridgehay, 186, 191, 198

Ifwood forest, 7

Ightenhill, 104

Ilchester, 335, 336, 337

Ilger, John, 271

Illingworth, Ralph, 194

_Inbounds_, 9

Incelemor wood, 96

Ingelram family, 101

_Ingenia_, 34

Ingham, 65
Oliver de, 132
Oliver, tomb of, 65

Inglehard, John, 290

Inglesham, 267

Inglewood forest, 22, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95

Inkel, Thomas, 239

Inkpen, 266

_Inlodges_, 9, 321

_In lupariis_, 33

“In mercy,” 12

Inquests, 15

_Instaur de Duffeld_, 188

Insula, Brian de, 155, 159

Ireton, John, 194
Wood, 198

Iron smelting, 3, 8, 198

Isabel of Clifford, 56

Isabella, Queen, 93, 132

Isham, Robert, 251

Ispannia, Alphonsus, 261
James de, 261

Itinerant forges, 8

Iuelhering, Ralph, 245, 246

Ivetanfield, 93

Ivy Church, 38, 41, 318

Jackson, Thomas, 190

James I., 32, 177, 297
Earl of Northampton, 80

Jefferson, 95

Jenynges, John, 129

Jesson, William, 201

John, King, 6, 8, 9, 29, 31, 34, 49, 90, 95, 99, 100, 107, 221, 223,
224, 275

John, huntsman, 108

John of Lexington, 37

Johnson, Robert, 252
Thomas, 173, 200

_Journal of Forestry_, 228

Juniper, 68

Justice Seat, the, 151, 152, 254, 318

Katharine of Braganza, 95

Kaye, Richard, 196

Kedleston park, 85

Kelly, William, 344

Kemble, 4

Kenilworth, 54, 189, 236

Kennet, the, 266, 267

Kettering, 255

Kevelioc, Hugh, Earl of Chester, 136

Keynsham forest, 7

Kidderminster, 149

Kidkirk, 95

Kildale, 112

Killamarsh, 153

Kilpeck forest, 7

Kilvington, John de, 108, 109, 110, 111, 115

Kings Delph, 271

Kingscliff, 46, 240, 252

Kingsley of Kingsley, 133
Ralph de, 133

Kingsmead Priory, 13

Kingstag bridge, 332

Kingston, 333
family, 280

Kingswood, 283

Kingthorpe, 120

Kinlet, 225, 226

Kinneton, Henry de, 260

Kinver, 9, 145, 148-9, 223

Kinwardstone, 326

Kirkby, 212, 219
Robert de, 212

Knaresborough forest, 80, 130

Knight, John, 339
Stephen, 345
William, 311

Kniveton, John, 192
Nicholas, 193, 194, 195
William, 200

Knolls, Richard, 172

Knossington, 233, 235

Kynthorp, Petronilla de, 110

Lacock, 323, 324

Lacio, Nicholas de, 277

Lacy, Ada, 90, 91
Alice de, 98
family, 98
Gilbert de, 313
Reginald, 90

Lady Park of Belper, 183, 194

Ladyshaw Wood, 193

_Lancashire_, Baines’, 98

Lancashire forests, 20, 22, 74, 98-106

Lancaster, 98, 101, 102
Castle, 74, 100, 101, 102
Duchy of, 35, 59, 70, 80, 98, 137, 150, 166, 167, 169, 181, 302
Henry, Earl of, 112, 113
John, Duke of, 190
Thomas, Earl of, 98, 109, 110, 113
William de, 96

Langdon, 118, 122

Langesdon, Mathew de, 157

Langford, Ralph, 193

Langham, 235

Langlandebroke, 101

Langley, Geoffrey, 206, 243
John de, 262
Thomas de, 31, 258, 259, 261

Langport, 336, 337

Langton, Robert, 233

Langwith Bridge, 213

Lansdowne, Marquis of, 324

Lanthony, 258

Lardiner, David le, 126
Philip le, 126

Lark, 26

Lascelles, Hon. G. W., 304, 305

Lascy, Matilda de, 96
Walter de, 275

Later Forest History, 76-86

Latimer, William, 117, 215

Launde Priory, 13

_La Venerie_, 64

Laverstoke, 314, 322
Jordan de, 314

“Lawing,” 47

Lawson, Sir George, 129

Laxpeniard wood, 277

Laying, Ralph, 139

Layrthorpe Bridge, 128

Laythegryme, 105

Leach, Peter de, 160

Lead smelting, 3, 198

Leake, Thomas, 217

Leche, Sir Philip, 191

“Le Cowhouse,” 190

Lee, Nicholas de, 100
Randall, 169

Leek forest, 136

Leen, 206

Lees, Mr. Edwin, 228

Legh, Reginald de, 147
Sir William de, 135

Leghe, Thomas, 194

Le Haw, 235

Leicester Abbey, 13
Roger de, 110

Leicester, William of, 269

Leicestershire and Rutland forests, 231-6

Leighfield forest, 235

Leland, 96, 227, 330

Lench, Peter de, 277

Lenta, the, 266, 267

Lenton, 13, 29, 158, 214, 220

Lepers, 101, 243

_Leporarius_, 47

Lestrange, Robert, 131
Roger, 147, 160

Levere, William, 111

Levisham woods, 38, 113, 119

Lewes, 234
battle of, 162

Lewknor, Geoffrey de, 269

Lexington, Robert de, 155, 156, 158, 159

Lichfield, 147, 148, 156, 287

Likenfield Park, 76

Lilleshall Abbey, 13, 158, 166

Lime, 68, 71-2, 118, 141

Limehound, 48, 50

Linby, 14

Lincoln, 206-8, 212

Linde, Thos. de la, 332
John de la, 332
Walter de la, 332

Lindley, 206, 212, 215

Lindsay, Robt. of, 246

Lion, Peter de, 224

Lisburn, Lord, 81

Litchfield, John, 220

Little Dean, 277
Eye, the, 235
Hucklow, 180
Malvern, 227
Oakley, 248
Park, the, 253, 297
Weldon, 255

Litton, 180

_Livre de Chasse_, 61, 64

London, 39
Sir Walter de, 39

Long, Thos., 323

Longcombe, 337

Longdendale, 150-2, 154, 163, 177

Longford, Sir Ralph, 172, 194-5

Longley Park, 185, 188

Lonsdale forest, 98-100, 102-4

Loretti, Contisse, 148

Lough, Edm., 325

Loughborough, 174, 206

Loughton, 283

Lovel, John, 261

Lovet, John, 242

Lowe, Anthony, 195
Thos., 195

Lowick, 243, 246
Alan of, 245
Hugh of, 245

Lownde, Richard, 253

Lowton Walk, 78-9

Luccombe, 336
Phil. de, 337

Lucy, Geof. de, 261

Ludworth, 166

Lune, the, 74

Lusignan, Aymer de, 243

_Lutericii canes_, 49

Luttrell, Sir John, 330

Lyddington, 236

Lydekker, 32

Lydford, 340-6

Lyme forest, 136

Lymers, 48, 50, 63

Lyndhurst, 305-6, 315

Lynne, Will, 248

Lysle, Sir Nicholas, 327-8

Lyveden, 243

Macclesfield forest, 136

Magnus, Thomas, 123

Maiden Bradley, 329

Maidstonfeld, 177

Maidwell, the, 247
Sir Alan, 243

_Mainour_, 14

Makeney, 198

Malmesbury, William of, 257

“Malloesot” bridge, 290

Malpas, David, 250, 253
Edmund, 248

Malton, prior of, 57, 60, 116

Malvern forest, 226, 227, 228

Manley, Peter de, 112, 113
jun., Peter de, 36

Manners, Sir John, 177

Manneser, John, 109

Mansell, 183, 187, 188, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 200, 201

Mansergh, Roger, 111

Mansfield, 14, 37, 66, 204, 212, 215, 216, 220

Mantravers, John, 306

Manver, Earl, 221

Manwood, 1, 13, 25, 54, 63

Maple, 72-3

Maplegreen, 132

Mara, 36, 38, 39, 45, 133, 134, 135

March, Edmund, Earl of, 338
Roger Mortimer, Earl of, 316, 335

Marchington, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141

“Mareclos,” 189

Mares, Robert de, 243

Maresfield, 301, 302

Markam, Gervase, 64

Marlborough, 326

Marmyon, Philip, 147

Marnham, Nicholas de, 161

Marshall, John, 170, 322

Martendale Fell, 85

Martin, the, 25, 36

Martinside, 163

Martinsley, 235

Marton, 125

Mary, Queen, 90, 297

_Master of Game, The_, 61, 62

“Masers,” 72

Mastiff, 34, 47, 48, 50

Mathew, Richard, 311

Maunsell, William, 129

Mawes, Robert, 235, 236

“Maxenclif,” 189

May, William, 155

Maynestonfield, 167

Meaux, Sir John de, 38

Medue, Henry de, 161, 163

Medwood forest, 191

Meht, Maurice de, 242, 243

Melburne, 54, 206

Melksham, 29, 323

Mendip forest, 29, 53, 333

Menill, Sir Nicholas de, 36

_Mensis vetitus_, 60

Menzies, Mr., 297, 299

Mercer, Ellis, 264
Henry le, 148

Merivale, 13, 158, 160

Merlins, 38

Mernyk, William, 271

Mersey, the, 133

Merton, 288
of Merton, 133

_Messarius_, 239

Messias, John, 245

Metham, Sir Thomas, 119

Meverell, Sir Sampson, 168

Meynell, Nicholas, 112, 113

Meysam, Sir William de, 155

Michegros, Cecilia de, 277

Middlescough, 93

Middleton, 36, 38, 96, 113, 116, 248, 261
Peter de, 213
William de, 147

Middleton-in-Teesdale, 96

Milborne, Sir T., 318

Milchet, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 320

Milford, 37, 314
Edmund de, 314

Milking of ewes, 165

Miller, Walter the, 241

Millhay, 202

Milner, Robert de, 163

Milnhay, 183, 186, 190, 193, 195

Milo, Earl of Hereford, 275

Milton, 86

Mine Law Court, the, 282

Minestead manor, 40

Minors, Humphrey, 142

Mirabel, Roger, 341

Mirhaud, Hugh de, 161
Katherine de, 161

Mitchell, William, 292

Mody, William, 311

Moens, Mr., 304

Molines, Michael, 263

Molineux, Bart., Sir F., 220

Molland, 337

Molyneux, Thomas, 194

Mompesson, Druce, 311

Monemue, John de, 259

Monk, George, Duke of Albemarle, 322
Mr., 232

Monkton, Robert, 80

Monmouth, John de, 275

Monneysilver, Ralph de, 103

Montague, Edward, Lord, 255

Montfort, Simon de, 162, 244

Montgomery, John, 194
Walter de, 54

Montpelier, William of, 257

_Monumental Effigies_, 65

Monyash, 163, 167

Moorhay, 250, 251, 252, 255, 256

Moray, Earl of, 109

Morborne, 270

More, the, 138
Richard de la, 277

Morel of Merton, 44
Tutbury, 44

Morf Forest, 223, 225

Morley Park, 183, 184, 185, 188, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 200

Morley, Sir Oswald, 140

Mortimer, Edmund, 148
Ralph, 225
Roger, 147, 225, 226, 335

Mortimer’s history, 131

Morvill, Hugh de, 90, 91

Moryn family, 113

Motcombe, 331

Mote, 297

Mottisfont, 314

Moudrem, 36, 38, 39, 133, 134, 135

Moulton, 337

Mugginton, 69, 129

Mulgrave, 112

Multon, Thomas de, 91

Mundy, Mr., 145

Munekan, Peter, 259, 260

Murdoch, Henry, 234