Chapter III: Part 3

Instead of the cane the vine is now cultivated, the produce of which is well known and esteemed all over the world: the vines run on trellises of cane work, about three feet from the ground, and the grape is usually fit for making into wine at the beginning of September, when they are obliged to tie up all the dogs, to prevent their getting at the grapes, of which they are very fond. Great quantities are destroyed by rats, lizards, and wasps.

The wine-press is a wooden trough, about six feet square, and two feet deep, over which is a large clumsy lever. When the trough is nearly filled, about half a dozen peasants bare-legged, get in, and, with their feet, press out the precious juice; after which the husks and stalks are collected in a head, and pressed with the lever: this last pressing produces the strongest and choicest wine. The best wine is produced on the south side of the Island, and, when first made, is as deep coloured as Port: it ferments for about six weeks after it is made. It is computed that about twenty thousand pipes are made annually, of which about two thirds are exported, principally to Great Britain, and British colonies, and the remainder is consumed on the Island.

There are many different descriptions of grapes; the large sized, and which is merely a table grape, and is not made into wine, is about the size of a muscle plum, and the bunches are so large as sometimes to weigh twenty pounds.

The wines shipped from Madeira, are classed Tinta, or Madeira Burgundy, Malmsey, Sersial, and simple plain Madeira; the three first thirty pounds per pipe dearer than the latter, which is sixty pounds per pipe of 110 gallons, free on board. This high price is occasioned by the want of unanimity among the English merchants, or indeed a want of good faith towards each other, for they appear occasionally to rouse from their lethargy, meet at their consul's, and agree to give only certain prices for the wines at the press; but, immediately after, each out-bids the other, and the wine-jobber laughs in his sleeve, and profits by their folly.--Were a dozen of the principal wine shippers to be unanimous, they might, with ease, reduce the wines at the press one third of the present exorbitant prices, and could, of course, make a similar reduction in the shipping prices, when they would consequently have larger orders: but what can scarcely be credited is, that when they had what they term a factorial meeting to affix the shipping prices for 1819, all but two of the sapient assembly were for raising the price 8_l._ per pipe; and when these two proved to a demonstration that such conduct would only induce the wine-jobbers to make a similar rise, and merely add to their coffers, already overflowing with the effect of the merchants' past follies; the meeting still deemed it necessary to adjourn for a few days, before they would allow themselves to be convinced.

No foreign wine is allowed to be imported, not even a few dozen of Port for private use, although it is the production of the mother country: this is being strict indeed, yet it is justifiable, as a very few years since a discovery was made of an attempt to smuggle into the Island a number of pipes of wine from the Islands of Fayal and Tenneriffe; and had not the most rigid methods been adopted, the wine of Madeira would have lost its reputation, as no one who imported wine from thence could have been certain of having it genuine: consequently the wines were seized, and the heads of the casks were knocked out in the public marketplace, which overflowed with the contents: the boats that landed it were confiscated, and the smuggler condemned to transportation, or to pay to the crown, in addition to losing the wine, twice its amount.

The Island is well supplied with good beef, mutton, poultry, and some wild pidgeons, quails, partridges, snipes, woodcocks, wild rabbits, &c. The Atlantic furnishes the Island with abundance of excellent jew fish, john dory, pike, mullet, hake, mackeral, pilchards, turtle, cray fish, crabs, shrimps, limpets, &c. They have a breed of small but handsome and serviceable horses.

Most of the commercial characters on the Island are English; and among them are some respectable long established houses, possessing considerable capitals: there are about twenty different firms, and as many families. The total number of British subjects in Madeira, including women, children, clerks, and servants, amounts to one hundred; but they are too haughty, too jealous, and too envious of of each other, to be very sociable.

THE PROMPTER.

He does not work it right.

What a vulgar saying the Prompter has selected for his text in this number! Yet these vulgar sayings are often full of good sense.

I knew a young man who left the army with an invincible attachment to gambling. He followed it closely till he had lost most of his wages--he then purchased a shop of goods, mostly on credit--he had his nightly frolics--_he kept it up_--he was a blood of the first rate--his goods were soon gone and not paid for--his creditors began to cry _peccavi_--in fact, _he did not work it right_. But his friends helped him out of six scrapes, yea, out of seven. At length necessity broke his spirit--it tamed him--he married, became a man of business, recovered his lost credit--and now _he works it right_.

I often say to myself, as I ride about the country, what a pity it is our farmers _do not work it right_. When I see a man turn his cattle into the street to run at large and waste their dung, during a winter's day, I say this man does not work it right. Ten loads of good manure, at least, is lost in a season by this slovenly practice--and all for what? For nothing, indeed, but to ruin a farm.

So when I see cattle, late in the fall or early in the spring, rambling in a meadow or mowing field, pouching the soil and breaking the grass roots, I say to myself, this man _does not work it right_.

So when I see a barn yard with a drain to it, I say the owner does not work it right; for how easy it is to make a yard hollow, or lowest in the middle, to receive all the wash of the sides, which will be thus kept dry for the cattle. The wash of the yard, mixed with any kind of earth, or putrid straw, is the best manure in the world--yet how much do our farmers lose! In fact they do not work it right.

When I pass along the road and see a house with clapboards hanging an end with one nail, and old hats and cloths stuffed into the broken windows, and the fences tumbling down or destroyed, I conclude the owner loves rum--in truth, he does not work it right.

When I see a man frequently attending courts, I suspect _he does not work it right_.

When I see a countryman often go to the retailer's with a bottle, or the labouring man carrying home a bottle of rum after his work is done on Saturday night, I am certain this man _does not work it right_.

When a farmer divides a farm of one hundred acres of land among five or six sons, and builds a small house for each, and sets them to work for a living on a little patch of land, I question whether _he works it right_. And when these sons are afterwards unable to live on these mutilated farms, and are compelled by a host of children to go to work by the day to get bread, I believe they are all convinced that _they have not worked it right_.

When a man tells me his wife will not consent to go from home into new settlements, where he may have land enough, and live like a nabob, and therefore he is obliged to sit down in a corner of his father's farm, I laugh at him, and some time or other he will own _he has not worked it right_.

A man in trade, who is not punctual in his payments, certainly _does not work it right_; nor does the man, who trusts his goods to _any body_, and _every body_.

Whether in Congress or a kitchen, the person who _talks much_ is _little regarded_. Some members of Congress then certainly _do not work it right_. A hint to the _wise_ is sufficient; but twenty hints have not been sufficient to silence the clamorous tongues of some Congressional spouters.

Family government gives complexion to the manners of a town: but when we see, every where, children profane, indelicate, rude, saucy, we may depend on it, their _parents do not work it right_.

I once knew a young man of excellent hopes, who was deeply in love with a lady. The first time he had an opportunity to whisper in her ear; and before he had made any impression on her heart in his favour, he sighed out his sorrowful tale to her in full explanation. The lady was frightened--she soon rid herself of the distressed lover--she said, _he did not work it right_.

THE TURKS.

In the New England Galaxy we find the following account of the Turks. If the facts are as stated, those that are termed barbarians are _Christians in practice_, while we who are Christians by name, are barbarians in reality.

"Notwithstanding their religion differs from ours, still I cannot help respecting it. They worship the same God that we do--they esteem our Saviour as a great prophet and lawgiver--their prayers are evidently offered with a sincere heart, and considering that it is the religion of their ancestors, how can we blame them for preferring it to ours? Did you but know in what contempt they hold a renegado, you would agree in opinion with me, that the combined powers of the whole Christian world would not be able to persuade a virtuous musselman to change his faith.

"Honesty, so often sought and rarely found, among the enlightened and religious communities of Europe and America, in this part of Asia and in the Turkish dominions west of the Hellespont, stands unrivalled.

"Whether a sense of virtue or moral obligations to each other contained in the pages of the Koran is the cause, I am unable to say; but all travellers who have visited this country, and are divested of prejudice, will do them the justice to say, that theft is a crime almost unknown throughout the realms of the Grand Seignor.

"A merchant of Smyrna having occasion to send about five hundred pound sterling a distance of about four days journey into the country, requested his brokers to find a suitable person! The first they met in the streets, although one of the lowest porters, they engaged for that purpose.

"The gold was given him in a bag, and without even inquiring his name or residence in the city, he was directed to hand it to the merchant in the village, whose name was given him on a piece of paper: and on his return he should receive the amount agreed on, and about five dollars as a compensation for his trouble.

"On the eighth or ninth day he returned to the city, stating that he had delivered the money, when he received his pay, and went to seek employment in the streets.

"After a lapse of nearly a month, a letter from the merchant announced that he had not received the money, and expressed surprise at the circumstance. This excited considerable alarm, particularly as it was almost impossible to find the messenger, having a second time neglected to take his name. After three days search, however, he was found staggering through the streets with a heavy burden on his back; and being informed of the cause why they sought him, he laid it down and exclaimed, 'God forbid that I should wrong any man, even a _Christian!_ but,' he continued, 'I will go back at my own expense and see who has got the property; otherwise my reputation will be ruined!' This speech had a curious effect from a man whose real and personal estate would not, in all probability, have amounted to fifty piastres.

"He departed, and arriving at the village, examined, with a scrutinizing eye, every Christian he met, till at last the Greek to whom he had given the gold, presented himself. 'You have injured my reputation like a dog, as you are, (said the porter,) and have taken from me that which belongs to another! but, thank God, you are found at last; I will take you to the Agha, and have you hung, that the world may be rid of such a scoundrel.' The Greek on his knees begged forgiveness: 'I was in distress, (he said) when I saw you, and having occasion for the money, I assumed the name of my neighbour! It was my intention to have paid him before he would feel any alarm as to the remittance: but spare my character; here is your gold, and here are 500 piastres for yourself!' The Turk allowed him to depart, took the money to the right owner, and returned with his pockets better filled than they had ever been during the whole course of his life.

"The perfect resignation with which the Turks submit to the dispensations of Providence cannot but be pleasing to every one. If they are fortunate, God is praised; if the reverse, they say, 'His will be done.'

"The Turk never effects insurance on his commercial adventures; but often, previous to despatching his vessel, makes a solemn promise, that, should he be fortunate, a sum of money shall be bestowed in charity; which promise is never broken. But, should she be lost, and, as often happens, his whole property with her, he exclaims, 'God's will be done,' and seeks in the streets the means of accumulating another, in the laborious employment of a porter.

"His friends continue to show him the respect he previously experienced, remarking, 'Our brother has been unfortunate, but it was the will of God! Why should we treat him otherwise? We are all liable to lose our possessions, and it would be censuring the decrees of the Almighty, were we to neglect him!' How can we but admire these principles, notwithstanding they emanate from the breasts of those differing from us in religious tenets?"

MISCELLANY.

_Weight of Great Characters_--Weighed at the Scales at West Point, August 19, 1783.

_lbs._
General Washington, 209
General Lincoln, 224
General Knox, 280
General Huntington, 132
General Greaton, 166
Colonel Swift, 219
Colonel Michael Jackson, 252
Colonel Henry Jackson, 238
Lieut. Colonel Huntington, 232
Lieut. Colonel Cobb, 186
Lieut. Colonel Humphreys, 221

The above memorandum was found in the pocket book of a deceased officer of the Massachusetts line.

Curiosity respecting the form, physiognomy and stature of eminent men is universal; biographers usually attempt to gratify their readers by detailing all such minute circumstances; yet who knows the weight of general Bonaparte, or the duke of Wellington? Those who read their biography would be gratified to know the cubic inches and exact dimensions of the clay tenements occupied by such martial spirits.

The average weight of these 11 distinguished revolutionary officers, is 214 lbs. and exceeds, we think, that of an equal number of any other nation.

[_Salem Gaz._

_Benevolence the source of delight._--BENEVOLUS, who was uncommonly fond of music, was dressing to go to an opera, which was much admired, when he heard a murmuring of voices in the passage below his chambers; on inquiry, he was told that it was occasioned by a workman who had dropped half a guinea that he had just received for his week's wages, which could not be found; and on which his own maintenance and that of his wife and child depended. It immediately struck Benevolus that he could afford to give the man the half guinea by staying from the opera that night. He accordingly sent him the money and staid at home.

On another occasion, Benevolus having been prevailed on to promise to dine at a tavern with some young men, of whose company he was fond, was solicited for charity at the tavern door by a woman with an infant suckling at each of her breasts, and two half-naked children following her.--"For heaven's sake, a penny," said the poor woman, "to purchase some bread." "We are very hungry," cried the children. Benevolus, thrusting his hand in his pocket, found he had just a guinea, and no other money of any kind. "Good heaven!" thought he, "I am going to throw away the greatest part of this for a dinner, and it will maintain this poor woman and children a fortnight!"--He slipped the guinea into the poor woman's hand, and, returning directly to his chamber, sent an apology to the company, and dined with more delight on a mutton-chop than he had ever experienced from the most luxurious dinner.

[_Moore_.

_Home._--The great end of prudence, Dr. Johnson says, is to give cheerfulness to those hours which splendour cannot gild, and acclamation cannot exhilarate. Those soft intervals of unbended amusement, in which a man shrinks to his natural dimensions, and throws aside the ornaments and disguises which he feels in privacy to be useless incumbrances, and to lose all effect when they become familiar. To be happy at _home_, is the ultimate result of all ambition, the end to which every enterprise and labour tends, and of which every design prompts the prosecution. It is, indeed, at home, that every man must be known, by those who would make a just estimate either of his virtue or felicity; for smiles and embroidery are alike occasional, and the mind is often dressed for show in painted honour and fictitious benevolence.

There is something undoubtedly venerable in antiquity, but even this passion may be carried beyond its proper bounds. An old gentleman was once possessed of a jack-knife, which he declared he would not sell for twenty dollars. It was once, said he, the property of my great grandfather--and since I have been the owner of the knife, it has been repaired with four blades and two handles.

_The Emperor of Morocco._--The following anecdote serves to show the _high wisdom_ of the Emperor of Morocco:--A Jew had ordered a French merchant to furnish him with a considerable quantity of black beaver hats, green shawls, and red silk stockings. When the articles were ready for delivery, the Jew refused to receive them. Being brought before the emperor, who, it is well known, administers justice himself, he denied having given the order, and maintained that he did not know the French merchant. "Have you any witnesses?" said the emperor to the Frenchman. "No." "So much the worse for you; you should have taken care to have had witnesses--you may retire." The poor merchant, completely ruined, returned home in despair. He was, however, soon alarmed by a noise in the street; he ran to see what it was. A numerous multitude were following one of the emperor's officers, who was making the following proclamation at all the cross roads: "Every Jew, who within 24 hours after this proclamation, shall be found in the streets without a black beaver hat on his head, a green shawl round his neck, and red silk stockings on his legs, shall be immediately seized, and conveyed to the first Court or Palace, to be there flogged to death." The children of Israel all thronged to the French merchant, and before evening the articles were all purchased at any price he chose to demand for them.

_A knave outwitted._--A man lately came into a merchant's store in Newbern, N. C. and told the merchant he owed him five dollars for goods he lately had of him. The merchant being a correct man in his business, finding no charge against him on book, and knowing also that he never gave credit to strangers, told the honest man he must be mistaken; but he insisted he was not, and paid the money. A few days afterwards he called again and wanted credit for goods to the amount of about $30, which the merchant declined letting him have. The man pretended to be surprised that he, who had shown such honesty in paying a debt, which the merchant had forgotten, should be refused a further credit; but says the merchant, if I have been foolish enough, for once to trust a stranger, I shall not be such a fool again.

_Mineralogy._--The science of mineralogy is at present pursued with uncommon assiduity in England.--The elementary treatises on the subject, as published there, are numerous, but lately Mr. Philips published a second edition of a Manual of Mineralogy, of which in 9 months he sold 900 copies. In Paris there are four lectures on the subject, and last year the only four students who were foreigners, were all from Pennsylvania--these were the young Messrs. Gallatin, Seybert, Keating, and Vancexin. The science seems to be highly deserving of encouragement here, as it has become reduced to such general rules as enables the mineralist or geologist to ascertain with tolerable certainty what substances are, and what are not to be found in the bowels of different parts of the earth, by inspection of its surface, as well as to ascertain by sight, or by analysis, their nature, composition, properties, and uses.

_Cave in Virginia_.--Of _Wier's Cave_ in Virginia, general C. Jones, of that state, has lately given a description, of which the following is a summary. The cave is of limestone, generally descending in its course. The entrance, about 4 feet square, brings you first into a room 12 or 15 feet high; you then creep along a narrow passage into another room--then, descending a ladder, you enter _Solomon's temple_, in which is a large fluted column, called _Solomon's pillar_, and on the sides curtains descend from the ceiling to the floor, the room about 25 feet high; ascending a ladder, you pass a steep narrow rock, and then descend into the _curtain room_, profusely ornamented with drapery, having more of the appearance of art than of chance, the curtains hanging from 6 to 12 inches apart, and mostly white and transparent:--next is the _music room_, abounding with stalactites similar to those forming the curtains just mentioned, but of firm texture, on which enchanting music can be made, when struck with a skilful hand:--You next descend a natural staircase, with something like balusters on one side, and then, down a ladder, into the _ballroom_, 100 feet long, and from 16 to 20 high, the floor smooth, the sides ornamented with curtains, and in which there is a sofa, remarkable for its resemblance to the reality. You next encounter a long difficult narrow passage, creeping and sliding part of the way, and then, descending some steps, you enter the _vestibule_, the arch about 25 feet high, in which is a saloon, and Mary's gallery, the latter formed of a horizontal sheet of rock, a foot thick, and 20 in diameter:--You then enter _Washington-Hall_, the grandest part of the cavern, the floor of which is level, and rings to the tread, the arch above 80 feet high, and on one side is something like a a row of marble statuary:--The next is _Lady Washington's drawing room_, a handsome large apartment, with something like a bureau in it, on which are inscribed a number of names:--The _diamond room_ is next, its walls sparkling with brilliants; then the _enchanted room_, in which is a basin containing about two hogsheads of pure water, and a column, about 25 feet in diameter, called the tower of Babel; and the last is the _Garden of Eden_. This is a spacious apartment, in which a rock seems to be floating over head, called Elijah's mantle, and a large white curtain, and a rock called the salt mountain, are seen at a distance. The general, and the party with him, were two hours and three quarters before they regained the mouth of the cavern.

_Missouri._--The Missouri Convention, having completed its labours in the formation of a constitution for that state, have designated St. Louis as the seat of government for the state until 1827, when it is to be permanently established on the Missouri, at or near the mouth of the Osage, which place is to be called Missouriopolis, the former part of the name being Indian, and the latter Grecian.

_Iron Rail or Carriage-ways._--In the neighbourhood of Newcastle, this ingenious mode of reducing friction, and facilitating the conveyance of loaded wagons, has been adopted to a very great extent. According to M. Gallois, an extent of 28 square miles on the surface of the earth, presents a series of 75 miles for this species of conveyance; while the interior of the adjacent coal mines contains them to as large an amount. Five or six wagons, made entirely of iron, fastened to each other in regular succession, descend these roads without any other mover than their own gravitating force. By means of a pulley, or wheel, a certain number of carriages in descending occasion a certain number of others to mount, in order to take in a load at the summit of the inclined plane they traverse. We are, however, naturally led to believe that, excepting in very peculiar circumstances, there will always be a great saving of power in conveyances by water, for this simple reason, that the whole weight of the burden so transported, is transported by the stream with a comparatively small loss of power by friction, while the inclined plane, on which the carriage runs, supports only a part of its weight. On the other hand, however, it cannot be denied that many situations in which it would be quite impossible to open a canal, might admit of the establishment of metallic and other rail-ways.

_Varnish for Wood._--The Italian cabinet work, in this respect, excels that of any other country. To produce this effect, the workmen first saturate the surface with olive oil, and then apply a solution of gum arabic in boiling alcohol. This mode of varnishing is equally brilliant, if not superiour, to that employed by the French in their most elaborate works.

_American Saltpetre._--A Boston paper says--"We have seen a quantity of Saltpetre refined and chrystallized at the Gunpowder Manufactory of Chelmsford, which, for whiteness and clearness, was much superiour to that of foreign preparations, with which it was compared; and we understand it can be afforded at a less price. The chrystallization of the American articles is uncommonly handsome, and will gratify the attention of any who may view it."

_The Horse._--J. Carver, Veterinary Surgeon, has written a letter to the editor of the Plough Boy, wherein he stated he had been applied to by a gentleman to cut the Lampas out of his horse's mouth, but that he had declined on the ground that there was no necessity for such an operation; and that the disorder could be cured in the following simple manner:--"Rub the upper part of the roof of the mouth, which you find on those occasions red and swollen, with coarse salt, three or four times a day--throw in his manger also a few ears of the hardest corn; and thus, a few days would totally remedy the evil."

Mr. Carver expresses some astonishment that persons "should fall into the ridiculous and absurd belief, that horses are subject to that imaginary disease called Lampas. Because, examining the palate or roof of the mouth would be quite sufficient to convince a judicious investigator, that the supposed enlargement cannot deprive the animal of his food; since it is not in the least sore, nor shows any signs of sensibility on pressure."

He states that the error proceeds from a want of the knowledge of the animal, and the obstinacy and ignorance of stabularian philosophers; that the operation of "_cutting and burning_ the palate with a red hot iron, not only prevents the animal from eating his food for some weeks, but is frequently attended with the most serious consequences by opening the palatine artery, which has bled many a horse to death for want of proper assistance."

Mr. Carver advises gentlemen never to suffer the operation to be performed, but if the parts are very red and very much swollen, they may be just scarified with the point of a sharp penknife, or pricked with a large darning needle. He concludes with saying, "that the cutting and raising the frog from the ground to keep the foot in health--the cutting out the haw of the eye, to cure inflammation and lockjaw--and the operation of burning for Lampas, can by no means be reconciled to common sense."

_Internal Wealth._--A correspondent informs us, that he passed, in Danvers, on Wednesday last, a wagon road of merino wool, weighing three tons, drawn by seven horses, passing from Hanover, N. H. (where it was produced,) to the Factory at Danvers--the value of which was probably from four to six thousand dollars.

[_Newburyport paper._

_Camels._--Two full grown camels, one eight and the other nine years old, have arrived at Boston from the coast of Morocco.

_Paintings._--The paintings by the old masters, which belonged to the late Mr. West, have been sold at public vendue in London. The whole produced 10,027_l._ The Death of Actæon, by Titian, brought 1700 guineas--a Head of Christ, by Guido, 700--Abraham entertaining the Angels, by Rembrandt, 7 by 9 inches, 200--the Bath of Diana, by Titian, 610--a Forest Scene, by Rembrandt, 200--the Last Supper, by Titian, 435--the Virgin Child, and St. John and Mary Magdalen, by Parmagiano, 350--the Watering Place, by Wouvremans, 560--Peasants with Cattle, by A. Berchem, 450--View on a River, by Hobbima, 290--a Knight in full Armour, by Giorgione, 140--View of a Village, by Gasper Toussin, 210--a Dead Hare, and other Game, Spaniel, &c., by Wfenix, 165--Minerva, with her Ægis, &c., by Reubens, 155--Christ betrayed, by Teniers, 126--and many others, at proportionate prices.

_New Hampshire State Prison._--The income of this penitentiary, for the last year, has been derived from the usual sources, the labour of convicts in its various departments, the sale of articles manufactured by them, and the fees of admittance to visiters--the whole amounts to $4660 81 cts. The expenditures during the same period, amount to $4203 53 cts. leaving a balance gained to the institution during the last year of $457.28. The amount of property on hand has also increased $1811.41; and the balance of debts due, $743.14; making the whole income $2553.55; from which deducting the amount received from the treasury, leaves a balance further gained of $454.55. In the amount of debts due is included $3637.03, charged to the state house committee, for labour of the convicts in preparing stone, &c. for that building; which, if paid over to the state prison, would reduce the sum required from the treasury to meet the estimated expenses of the present year to $963.

_Anecdote of Lycurgus._--Lycurgus, the Spartan lawgiver, to show his countrymen the vast importance of education, by reason of its influence in forming the minds and manners of a people, caused two whelps of the same litter to be bred in quite different ways; whereby the one became sluggish and ravenous, the other of a good scent, and skilled in hunting. Finding the experiment to answer his design, he soon took an occasion at an assembly of the Lacedemonians to discourse on this subject, and address them in the following manner:

"It is of great advantage, fellow citizens, to the acquirement of virtue, when any one is trained up in the customary practice of wholesome instructions, and precept, which I will presently let you see by example."--On this, he ordered the young dogs to be brought into the midst of the hall, where was set before them a vessel, in which meat had been frequently boiled, and a _live hare_.--Whereupon, according to their different breeding, one flew to the hare, and the other as greedily ran to the vessel.

The spectators were surprised: and, as they were musing what should be the intent of his introducing the whelps after this manner, he said to them, "This is what I before told you; you perceive these creatures do as they were taught, for, though they are both of a litter, yet the diversity of breeding has made one a good hound, and the other a cur, good for nothing but to lick pots and dishes."

FOR THE RURAL MAGAZINE.

The following extract is taken from the Poems of CUNNINGHAM, whose pastorals are those in which he is generally considered as the most successful. The moral of this fable is good; and if resembled in our daily intercourse with each other, might be highly useful.

I.

THE FOX AND THE CAT.

The Fox and the Cat, as they travell'd one day,
With moral discourses cut shorter the way:
"'Tis great," says the Fox, "to make Justice our guide!"
"How godlike is mercy!" Grimalkin replied.
Whilst thus they proceeded, a wolf from the wood,
Impatient of hunger, and thirsting for blood,
Rushed forth--as he saw the dull shepherd asleep,
And seized for his supper an innocent sheep.
"In vain, wretched victim, for mercy you bleat,
When mutton's at hand," says the Wolf, "I must eat."
Grimalkin's astonished--the Fox stood aghast,
To see the fell beast at his bloody repast.
"What a wretch," says the Cat,--"'tis the vilest of brutes:
Does he feed upon flesh, when there's herbage--and roots?"
Cries the Fox, "While our oaks give us acorns so good,
What a tyrant is this, to spill innocent blood!"
Well, onward they marched, and they moralized still,
Till they came where some poultry picked chaff by a mill;
Sly Reynard surveyed them with gluttonous eyes,
And made, (spite of morals,) a pullet his prize.
A mouse too, that chanced from her covert to stray,
The greedy Grimalkin secured as her prey.
A spider that sat in her web on the wall,
Perceived the poor victims, and pitied their fall;
She cry'd--"Of such murders how guiltless am I!"
So ran to regale on a new taken fly.

MORAL.

The faults of our neighbours with freedom we blame,
But tax not ourselves, though we practice the same.

From Barton's Poems.

STANZAS.

We knew that the moment was drawing nigh,
To fulfil every fearful token;
When the silver chord must loosen its tie,
And the golden bowl be broken;
When the fountain's vase, and the cistern's wheel,
Should alike to our trembling hearts appeal.

And now shall thy dust return to the earth,
Thy spirit to God who gave it;
Yet affection shall tenderly cherish thy worth,
And memory deeply engrave it,
Not upon tables of brass or stone,
But in those fond bosoms where best 'twas known.

Thou shalt live in mine though thy life be fled,
For friendship thy name shall cherish
And be one of the few, and the dearly lov'd dead,
Whom my heart will not suffer to perish;
Who in loveliest dreams are before me bro't,
And in sweetest hours of waking thought.

But oh! there is one, with tearful eye,
Whose fondest desires fail her;
Who indeed is afraid of that which is high,
And fears by the way assail her;
Whose anguish confesses that tears are vain,
Since dark are the clouds that return after rain!

May HE, who alone can scatter those clouds,
Whose love all fear dispelleth;
Who, though for a season his face he shrouds,
In light and in glory dwelleth,
Break in on that mourner's soul, from above,
And bid her look upwards with holy love.

MEMORY.

Borne on the Ocean's heaving breast,
Mark yon stately vessel sail;
How in floating canvass drest,
Courts she every wanton gale!

Soft the prosp'rous breezes blow;
Fast she makes a wish'd-for shore;
Glitt'ring bright in splendid show,
Rich with India's golden ore.

Gently foams the recreant tide,
'Neath the golden-gilded prow;
Pleased the joyous waves divide
Still behind no track they show.

Yet at some far-distant day
Memory will the scene retrace;
Mark the wanton breezes play,
Hail the vessel's easy grace.

Buoyant thus on life's broad stream,
Man in all his beauty moves;
Blest with sweet contentment's beam,
Blest with all his bosom loves.

Swift each passing year rolls on;
Still contentment glads his mind;
Soon each passing year is gone--
Gone, nor leaves a track behind.

Then alike fond memory's powers
Pleasures long since past, review;
Lead him back to youth's bright hours,
And each blissful scene renew.

BANK NOTE EXCHANGE,

AT PHILADELPHIA--_Oct. 3d, 1820_.

Per cent Disc't

VERMONT--generally, 4

MAINE--generally, 4

NEW HAMPSHIRE--generally, 4

MASSACHUSETTS--generally, 4
Boston Bank, 2

RHODE ISLAND, 4

CONNECTICUT--generally, 2-4

NEW YORK,--City Bank, par.
Country generally, 2-6
J. Barker's Ex. Bank--no sales

BANK OF UPPER CANADA, 10

NEW JERSEY notes,-- par.

PENNSYLVANIA--Farmer's Bank, of}
Lancaster; Easton; Montgomery} par.
County; Chester }
County, at Westchester, }
New Hope; Northampton, 1½
Susquehanna Bridge Company, 2
Lancaster Bank, 1½
York; Gettesburg; Chambersburg, 2
Northumb.; Union; Centre, 15
Farm. and Mech. Bank of } 25
Pittsburgh, }

DELAWARE--generally, par.

MARYLAND--Baltimore Banks, ½
City Bank, 5
Annapolis; Hagerstown, 2-3

VIRGINIA--Country generally, 2
N. W. Bank, at Wheeling, 8

COLUMBIA DISTRICT--Country generally, 1
Mech. Bank of Alexandria, 3

NORTH CAROLINA--State Bank at} 4
Raleigh, and Branches, }
Cape Fear; Newbern, 4½

SOUTH CAROLINA--State Banks, generally, 2

GEORGIA--State Banks, generally, 3
Augusta Bridge Company, 75

TENNESSEE--Few sales at any price.

KENTUCKY--Kentucky Bank, and} 30
Branches, }

OHIO--Marietta; Steubenville 11½
Bank of Chillicothe, 5
Country generally, 20-50

PRICES CURRENT--_Oct. 3, 1820_.

Per D. C. D. C.

Beef, Philad. Mess, _bbl._ 13.00 to 13.50

Butter, Fresh _lb._ 0.18 "

Cotton, (Louisiana) " 0.19 " 0.21
Cotton Yarn, No. 10, _lb._ 0.36
Flax, Clean, " 0.16 " 0.19
Firewood, Hickory, _cord,_ 6.00 " 7.00
Oak, " 3.25 " 4.25
Flour--Wheat, P. S. F. _bbl._ 4.50
Rye, " 2.75
Corn Meal, " 2.87
Grain--Wheat, _bush._ 0.85 sales.
Rye, " 0.45 " 0.50
Corn, Pa. " 0.48 " 0.53
Oats, " 0.25 " 0.30
Hams--Jersey, _lb._ 0.11 " 0.13
Leather--Sole, _lb._ 0.24 " 0.30
Upper, undrs'd. _side,_ 2.75 " 3.50
Plaster of Paris, _ton,_ 4.75 " 5.00
Shingles, cedar, 3 feet 1000 20.00
Cypress, " 4.00
Molasses, S. H. _gall._ 0.50
Nails, Cut, all sizes, _lb._ 0.07 " 0.12½
Pork, Jersey & Penn.} _bbl._ 15.00
Mess, }
Wool--Merino, Clean, _lb._ 0.75
Do. in Grease, " 0.40
Common, " 0.50
Yarn, Hempen, " 0.10 " 0.11

STATE OF THE THERMOMETER.

9 o'cl. 12 o'cl. 3 o'cl.

Aug. 26, 80 81 82
28, 72 73 74
29, 71 76 76
30, 73 77 78
31, 75 77 81
Sept. 1, 76 79 83
2, 74 75 76
4, 72 76 79
5, 73 77 80
6, 76 79 83
7, 77 82 94
8, 77 80 82
9, 77 82 87
10, 80 82 86
11, 80 83 83
12, 70 70 73
13, 67 69 72
14, 70 73 73
15, 71 73 76
16, 72 74 75
17, 75 75 79
18, 74 76 78
19, 72 73 70
20, 67 69 65
21, 54 62 61
22, 58 68 68
23, 63 70 70
24, 61 64 68
25, 64 76 75
26, 55 64 64
27, 65 70 70
28, 62 74 74
29, 62 68 67
30, 65 76 75
Oct. 2, 67 73 73
3, 65 69 71
4, 67 60 --

RAIN GUAGE AT PHILADELPHIA.

In. hun.

Sept. 12, Rain, 1.16

18 & 19, do. 0.40

Oct. 3, do. 4.00

3 to 4, do. 1.65

Errata in p. 360, No. 9, for "he will," &c. read, _we_ will, &c.

PHILADELPHIA,

PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY

RICHARDS & CALEB JOHNSON,

_No. 31, Market Street_,

At $3.00 per annum.

GRIGGS & DICKINSON, _Printers--Whitehall_.