Chapter III: Part 3

"We are much struck by the perpetual miseries to which this traveller is subjected. In all his journies, he seems kick'd and cuff'd by the whole party, and subjected to the grossest contempt and derision, for the appearance of poverty he always thought it prudent to assume. His system was, that the less display of wealth a man makes in the east the safer he is. This may be true enough in general; but when he travelled with a caravan containing merchants who had ten or twelve camels, and twenty or thirty slaves each, he might surely have ventured on the display of one camel, and one or two slaves; for in one journey he travels upon an ass, without a slave; and in consequence his own wood to cut, his water skins to fill, and his supper to dress. He receives as much respect, therefore, as a man would do who was to rub down his own horse in England; and is well nigh overpowered by the great and unnecessary fatigues to which this violent economy subjects him. We do not remember that other travellers in Africa, proceeding with caravans, have found it necessary to affect such an extreme state of pauperism; and Mr. Burckhardt himself admits, that Ali Bey, the pretended Arabian, penetrated every where in the east by the very opposite system of magnificence and profusion, even though he was suspected not to be a Mussulman by the natives themselves."

"In his visit to the peninsula of Mount Sinai, Mr. Burckhardt meets with a substance which he considers to be the same as the manna mentioned in the books of Moses.

"'A botanist would find a rich harvest in these high regions, in the most elevated parts of which, a variety of sweet scented herbs grow. The Bedouins collect to this day the manna, under the very same circumstances described in the books of Moses. Whenever the rains have been plentiful during the winter, it drops abundantly from the tamarisk (in Arabic, Tarfa;) a tree very common in the Syrian and Arabian deserts, but producing, as far as I know, no manna any where else. They gather it before sunrise, because, if left in the sun it melts; its taste is very sweet, much resembling honey; they use it as we do sugar, principally in their dishes composed of flour. When purified over the fire, it keeps for many months; the quantity collected is inconsiderable, because it is exclusively the produce of the Tarfa, which tree is met with only in a few vallies at the foot of the highest granite chain. The inhabitants of the peninsula, amounting to almost four thousand, complain of the want of rain and of pasturage; the state of the country must therefore be much altered from what it was in the time of Moses, when all the tribes of Beni Israel found food here for their cattle.'"

COTTON-SEED OIL.

The subject of _Cotton-seed Oil_, is gaining attention, and obtaining investigations, both in Europe and America. It is a subject highly important to the southern states. Millions of bushels of cotton seed are annually used as manure for corn, wheat, &c. in South Carolina. For this purpose the article is worth, at the present reduced prices of staple commodities, about 12 or 15 cents a bushel; weighing about 25 lbs. lightly thrown in. One hundred pounds of cotton seed, yields about 27 pounds of clean cotton, and about three bushels of seed. The oleaginous quality of the pulp of cotton-seed has long been known; and it is believed that any given quantity of it contains as much oil as a like quantity of the pulp of any other seed. As to its qualities, they are not all fully developed; but considerable experience among leather-dressers in North Carolina, has proven it to be equal to any other oil for currying of leather for shoes, boots, harness, &c. Whether it can be made to take the place of linseed oil, in painting, or of olive in manufactures, remains to be determined. The great difficulty attending the extracting of oil from cotton-seed, lies in the soft and spongy texture of the shell which encloses the pulp, which with the short firbs of cotton adhering to it, absorbs a great portion of oil in the process. If the seed could be made to pass hastily through fire, by the operation of machinery, to divest it of the adhering cotton, then it seems probable that a machine somewhat similar to that made for hulling barley, would take off the shell or hull with great expedition. From all the light elicited on the subject, it appears probable, that each bushel of seed might produce a gallon of oil; and that the pulp, after the extraction of the oil, would still be valuable for feeding cattle or for manure. For every bale of cotton there might be produced about ten gallons of oil: this, should the demand for oil continue, would be equal to half or two-thirds the value of the cotton. The subject is highly important to this state: and it is humbly conceived, would be worthy of attention of the Agricultural Society of South Carolina, and perhaps of legislative aid, by way of premiums, to encourage further practical investigation.

[_Pee Dee Gazette._

_Nantucket whale fishery._--The number of ships now employed in the whale fishery by the people of the small Island of Nantucket is 72--28 of them between 3 and 400 tons. In addition to which they have a large number of brigs and smaller vessels in the same employment.

_A running horse_, lately died in England, for which the owner was offered a few days before upwards of _fifteen thousand dollars_.

CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES.

_Statement showing the Commencement and Termination of each Session of Congress, held under the present Constitution, with the number of days in each._

A: CONGRESS.
B: SESSION.
C: YEAR OF INDEPENDENCE.
D: NO. OF DAYS IN EACH SESSION.

-----+---+------------------+------------------+----+-----+---------------
A | B | FROM | TO | C | D | WHERE HELD.
-----+---+------------------+------------------+----+-----+---------------
1 { | 1 |March 4, 1789|September 29, 1789| 13 | 210 | New York
{ | 2 |January 4, 1790|August 12, 1790| 14 | 221 | do
{ | 3 |December 6, 1790|March 3, 1791| 15 | 88 | Philadelphia
2 { | 1 |October 24, 1791|May 8, 1792| 16 | 98 | do
{ | 2 |November 5, 1792|March 2, 1793| 17 | 119 | do
3 { | 1 |December 2, 1793|June 9, 1794| 18 | 190 | do
{ | 2 |November 3, 1794|March 3, 1795| 19 | 121 | do
4 { | 1 |December 7, 1795|June 1, 1796| 20 | 178 | do
{ | 2 |December 5, 1796|March 3, 1797| 21 | 89 | do
{ | 1 |May 15, 1797|July 10, 1797| 21 | 57 | do
5 { | 2 |November 13, 1797|July 16, 1798| 22 | 247 | do
{ | 3 |December 3, 1798|March 3, 1799| 23 | 90 | do
6 { | 1 |December 2, 1799|May 14, 1800| 24 | 165 | do
{ | 2 |November 17, 1800|March 3, 1801| 25 | 107 |Washington City
7 { | 1 |December 7, 1801|May 3, 1802| 26 | 138 | do
{ | 2 |December 6, 1802|March 3, 1803| 27 | 88 | do
8 { | 1 |October 17, 1803|March 27, 1804| 28 | 163 | do
{ | 2 |November 5, 1804|March 3, 1805| 29 | 119 | do
9 { | 1 |December 2, 1805|April 21, 1806| 30 | 141 | do
{ | 2 |December 1, 1806|March 3, 1807| 31 | 93 | do
10 { | 1 |October 26, 1807|April 25, 1808| 32 | 183 | do
{ | 2 |November 7, 1808|March 3, 1809| 33 | 117 | do
{ | 1 |May 22, 1809|June 28, 1809| 33 | 38 | do
11 { | 2 |November 27, 1809|May 1, 1810| 34 | 156 | do
{ | 3 |December 3, 1810|March 3, 1811| 35 | 91 | do
12 { | 1 |November 4, 1811|July 6, 1812| 36 | 246 | do
{ | 2 |November 2, 1812|March 3, 1813| 37 | 94 | do
{ | 1 |May 24, 1813|August 2, 1813| 37 | 71 | do
13 { | 2 |December 6, 1813|April 18, 1814| 38 | 134 | do
{ | 3 |September 19, 1814|March 3, 1815| 39 | 166 | do
14 { | 1 |December 4, 1815|April 30, 1816| 40 | 149 | do
{ | 2 |December 2, 1816|March 3, 1817| 41 | 92 | do
15 { | 1 |December 1, 1817|April 30, 1818| 42 | 151 | do
{ | 2 |November 16, 1818|March 3, 1819| 43 | 108 | do
16 { | 1 |December 6, 1819|May 15, 1820| 44 | 162 | do
{ | 2 |November 13, 1820|March 3, 1821| 45 | 111 | do
-----+---+------------------+------------------+----+-----+---------------

MISCELLANY.

_Gluten an Antidote for Corrosive Sublimate._--During the researches undertaken by Dr. Taddei on gluten, and on wheaten flour, he discovered that gluten had the property of acting on the red oxide of mercury, and on corrosive sublimate. If it be mixed with either of these substances, it immediately loses its viscidity, becomes hard, and is not at all liable to putrefaction. Further, if flower be made into a paste, with solution of corrosive sublimate, it is impossible to separate the gluten and starch in the usual way. This effect induced Dr. Taddei to suppose, that in cases of poisoning by corrosive sublimate, wheaten flour and gluten would prove excellent antidotes to the poison. It was found by experiment, that wheaten flour and gluten, reduced corrosive sublimate to the state of calomel; and also that considerable quantities, of a mixture of flour or gluten with corrosive sublimate, might be eaten by animals without producing injury; thus fourteen grains of sublimate have been given in less than twelve hours to rabbits and poultry without injury, whereas a single grain was sufficient to produce death when administered alone. A grain of the sublimate required from twenty to twenty-five grains of fresh gluten to become innocuous; when dry gluten was used, half this quantity was sufficient, but when wheaten flour was taken, from fifteen to eighteen denari, (500 or 600 gr.,) were required. Dr. Taddei recommends that dried gluten be kept in the apothecaries' shops, and that it be administered when required, mixed with a little water.--_Giornale di Fisica_, 2. p. 375.

_Anecdote._--During the examinations of Surgeons for the army or navy, it is well known that the veterans of that respectable class, question very minutely those who wish to become qualified. After answering very satisfactorily to the numerous inquiries made, a young gentlemen was asked; if he wished to give his patient a profuse perspiration, what he would prescribe? He mentioned many diaphoretic medicines in case the first failed, and had some hopes that he should pass with credit, but the unmerciful querist thus continued:-- "Pray, sir, suppose none of those succeeded, what step would you take next?" "Why, sir," rejoined the harassed son of Esculapius, "I would send him here to be examined, and if _that_ would not give him a sweat, I know not what would."

_Cutting of Wheat before it is ripe._--It is said by a Paris paper that grain cut eight days before the ordinary time, has, first, the advantage of escaping the dangers which threatened it at that period. This is accidental, but it has the positive advantage of being more nutritive, larger, finer, and is never attacked by the weasel. These assertions are proved by the most conclusive experiments, made upon a piece of corn, half of which was cut prematurely, the other half at the customary time. The first part gave a hectolitre more corn for a half hectare. Afterwards an equal quantity of the farina was made into bread; that of the corn cut when green, made from six decalitres seven lbs. more bread than the other. Finally, the weasel attacked the corn cut when ripe, and the other was free from it. The moment to reap, is, when the grain, squeezed between the fingers, appears pasty, like the crumb of bread immediately after it is taken from the oven. This, which is the opinion of Mr. Cadet de Vaux, is supported by that of Mr. Mellard, a very respectable agriculturist. They both confirm their theory by experiments. The same custom has been practised for many years at the magnificent farm of Mr. Coke, at Holkham, in England, who cuts not only his grain before its maturity, but likewise grasses, and even herbaceous plants. He does not hesitate to attribute to this measure the superior quality of his corn and hay to that of other farmers, who reap all things at the period of their perfect maturity.

_Seduction._--A verdict of damages, to the amount of fourteen hundred and fifty dollars, was lately given in Ohio, in a case of seduction. This is "paying dear for the whistle."

_Milk and Water._--We have received a communication (says the N. Y. Gazette,) from a very respectable source, giving an estimate of the probable quantity of milk sold in New-York in one year, and the quantity of water in the milk; by which it appears, that the citizens of New York pay in one year the sum of $35,587 for water. Our correspondent's calculations follow. He supposes the city to contain 120,000 inhabitants, 6 to a family--20,000 families, at 3 cents worth of milk per day, is $600, or 219,000 for one year; to which is added one twelfth for strangers, &c. making $237,250. Deduct one fifteenth, or $35,587, which is annually paid for the WATER, with which the milk is reduced.--Our correspondent requests us to add, that he can prove the facts above stated, if called upon by the proper authority. He is himself an extensive dealer in milk, and is well acquainted with the management of most of those in his line.

_Turkey Cement for joining Metals, Glass, &c._--The jewellers in Turkey, who are mostly Armenians, have a curious method of ornamenting watch cases, and similar things with diamonds and other stones by simply gluing them on. The stone is set in silver or gold, and the lower part of the metal made flat, or to correspond with the part to which it is to be fixed; it is then warmed gently and the glue applied, which is so very strong that the parts never separate. This glue, which may be applied to many purposes, as it will strongly join bits of glass or polished steel, is thus made:

Dissolve five or six bits of mastic, as large as peas, in as much spirits of wine as will suffice to render it liquid; in another vessel dissolve as much isinglass, which has been previously soaked in water till it is swollen and soft, in French brandy or in rum, as will make two ounces, by measure, of strong glue, and add two small bits of gum galbanum, or ammoniacum, which must be rubbed or ground until they are dissolved; then mix the whole with a sufficient heat. Keep it in a phial stopped; and when it is used, set it in hot water.

_Death of Col. Boon._--Col. Daniel Boon, the first white man that ever settled in Kentucky, lately died at his residence, near Franklin, Missouri, at the age of 98. He had 4 brothers and three sisters, of the following ages:--

Samuel Boon 88, Jonathan B. 86, Squire B. 76, George B. 83, Mrs. Wilcox 91, Mrs. Smith 83, and Mrs. Grant 84.

_Council Bluffs._--A letter from Brigadier General Atkinson, stationed at Council Bluffs, states that at least 10,000 bushels of Indian corn, 4000 of potatoes, a like quantity of turnips, and about 250 tons of hay had been raised and harvested at that station during the last season. As a sample of the crop of Indian corn, an acre was measured, which gave upwards of 102 bushels. The turnip crop was much injured by the grasshoppers, and it is stated that if these insects had appeared three weeks sooner they would have totally destroyed the crop of corn. It would seem that they are often very formidable in that quarter, frequently cutting off the crops entirely. The most of the Indians in that country are friendly. One or two tribes however, indicate some signs of hostility. They were much delighted with the exhibition of the steam boat, and as much intimidated by a display of the powers of the artillery, on an occasion when a large concourse of them were assembled at the Bluffs.

_Double-jointed Indian._--A Detroit paper of November 10, says, a Mr. Robinson lately brought to that place an Indian from the country Mackinaw who has double the usual number of joints in the human frame. He is unable to stand, but can give himself locomotion by being placed in a large wooden bowl, which he is enabled to whirl or roll about on level grounds. Mr. R. also gives an account of an Indian in that country that is entirely covered with hair, his face as well as every other part of his body, and that on his arms and legs the hair is several inches in length.

_Population of Baltimore._--In 1790 the number of inhabitants in this city and its precincts, was 13,503.--In 1800, 26,514--In 1810, 46,555, and by the present census 62,627.

_A New Sect of Christians_ are said to have lately appeared at Marietta, (Ohio) who call themselves Halcyons. They believe that Aaron's breastplate, called by the Jews Urim and Thummim, which has long been lost, must be retrieved before the resurrection of the dead.

_Ivory Paper._--The Society for the encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce, in London, have voted thirty guineas to Mr. S. Einsle, for his communication on the use of artists. He produced, before the Committee of his Society several specimens of his ivory paper, about the eighth of an inch, and of superficial dimensions, much larger than the largest ivory: the surface was hard, smooth, and perfectly even. On trial of these, by some of the artists, members of the society, it appears that colours may be washed off the ivory paper more completely than from ivory itself, and that the process may be repeated three or four times on the same surface, without rubbing up the grain of the paper. It will also, with proper care, bear to be scraped with the edge of a knife, without becoming rough.

_Vegetable Antidotes to Poison._--Dr. Chisholm in a paper read to the Society at Geneva, states, that the juice of the sugar cane is the best antidote known for arsenic. It has been tried upon various animals in the West Indies with complete success.

The American Academy of Languages and Belles Lettres, at New York, has offered a premium of not _less_ than 400 dollars and a Gold Medal, to the author, being an American Citizen, who, within two years, shall produce the best written history of the United States, calculated for a Class Book.

_Increase of Population in America._--In 1810, the population of the United States was 7,323,903. By the recent official report of the secretary of the treasury, it appears that our population progresses in the ratio of 34 per cent, in ten years. Proceeding on this basis, for the next 80 years, which will terminate this century, we shall find the following result.

In 1820 9,827,265 Inhabitants.
30 13,168,534
40 17,545,844
50 23,644,433
60 31,584,633
70 42,325,903
80 56,716,716
90 76,000,399
1900 101,840,534.

Such a review as this ought to produce a salutary influence on all the busy actors who now figure on the American theatre.

The probability is, that not one mortal now in being, of mature age, will be seen on the face of the earth in eighty years; although many of our youth will reach that proud era of American glory. What a solemn responsibility devolves on all the conspicuous actors of the present day, since this generation is destined to influence the happiness of one hundred millions of free born Americans in the short span of 80 years! This reflection offers to the contemplative mind, an extensive range.

_Drought._--A letter, from a gentleman in Virginia, says that the drought has been greater there the last summer, than has been known for many years: on inquiry respecting its extent, he was informed by a facetious old farmer, that "he had to drive his stock thirty miles to water, but the worst of all was, he had to _cross a river_, in his way, and pay the _ferryage_."

_Square Miles of the States._--In
Vermont, the number of
square miles is 10,237
New Hampshire, 9,491
Maine, about 40,000
Massachusetts, is 6,250
Rhode Island, about 1,580
Connecticut, 4,674
New York, 45,000
New Jersey, 8,320
Pennsylvania, 46,800
Delaware, 2,120
Maryland, 14,000
Virginia, 70,000
North Carolina, 48,000
South Carolina, 24,080
Georgia, 62,000
Kentucky, 50,000
Tennessee, length 400 miles,
breadth 400
Ohio, 39,128

The States of Louisiana, Indiana, Illinois, and Alabama, the number of square miles of each, not ascertained. There are 22 States in the Union, each of which have a Legislature, who make all the laws necessary for the government of each State distinct from that of the United States.--

[_Boston Gazette._

_Advice and Caution._--When old persons enveigh against the vanity and nonsense of the world in order to check the wishes and curiosities of young persons from making their experiments also, they remind me of the indifference with which a man hands a newspaper to his neighbour, after an hour's enjoyment of it, saying, "There's nothing in it, sir." The poet speaks more philosophically on this subject.

--For youth no less becomes
The light and careless livery that it wears,
Than settled age his tables and his weeds
Importing health and graveness.

[_Hamlet._

_Drawing the wrong tooth._--One of the most curious applications of galvanism to the useful purposes of life, is its recent employment as a means of distinguishing bad teeth from good. The test which galvanism has now supplied to remedy the frequent mistakes made by dentists, who, instead of ridding you of a bad tooth, will draw the best tooth you have in your head, is considered to be one of infallible certainty in its application. The method is thus described by Professor Aldini, the nephew of Galvani. "He (the dentist) first insulates the patient, and then places in his hands an electric chain; he then applies a small piece of wire, and draws it gradually over the surface of the tooth; he then applies it to the next tooth in the same manner, and proceeds in the like method with the rest until he comes to the diseased tooth, which is discovered by violent pain being produced, and an involuntary emotion in the body. It has always been remarked when the tooth is extracted, that it exhibits a careous part, which in its proper situation was not visible." Need we add, that after the discovery of so simple a test, drawing a wrong tooth ought to be made felony at least?

_Chemistry applied to industrious Economy._--A new method of killing animals, without causing them pain, has been adopted in London: they are made to expire by means of nitrogen gas. By this means the meat is rendered much more fresh, of a more agreeable taste, and may be preserved for a greater length of time. A great number of the butchers of London already employ this process.

_Olives, Curious Fact in Botany._--Letters from Provence, mention the total failure of the olive plantations in that part of France. It has, indeed, been remarked, that for upwards of half a century, the olives have shown a tendency to emigrate. The soil of Province now appears to be entirely ruined, and no hope is entertained there of the future cultivation of olives. For the last fifty years, none of the young shoots have risen to above five or six feet high. It is the same in the adjacent countries, which have all suffered more or less from the cold of late years.--Two fifths of these plants have been cut down to the very roots; and three years will scarce suffice to enable them to attain maturity. The olives of Marseilles and Var were some time ago in excellent condition; but all have perished.

_Rein-deer._--Two rein-deers were brought last November, from Lapland, and are living at liberty at a country seat near Ghent. They bear the difference of climate and the variation of temperature well, and have produced a well-formed female fawn. This is the first example of these animals having become tame and producing their species so far from their own country.

_Domestic sewing silk_, of various colours, gathered, from worms raised in Connecticut, and spun there, and said to be of the very best quality, has recently been publicly exposed for sale in Albany.

_William Griffith, Esq._ of Burlington, N. J., a gentleman highly recommended by the veterans of the bar in this city, has issued proposals for printing a new work to be called the 'LAW REGISTER'--to make one volume of at least 500 _closely_ printed pages, royal 8vo. for five dollars, per annum, payable on delivery. Subscriptions to be addressed, (post paid,) to Mr. David Allison, Burlington, N. J.

_On the increase of sounds during the night._--It has been remarked, even by the ancients, that the intensity of sound is greatly increasing during the night.--Humboldt was particularly struck with this fact when he heard the noise of the great cataracts of the Orinoco in the plain which surrounds the Mission of the Apures. This noise is three times greater in the night than in the day. Some writers have ascribed this to the cessation of the humming of insects, the singing of birds, and the action of the wind upon the leaves of trees: but this cannot be the cause of it at the Orinoco, where the humming of insects is much greater in the night than in the day, and where the breeze is never felt till after sunset. Humboldt, therefore, ascribes it to the presence of the sun, which acts on the propagation and intensity of sound, by opposing them with currents of air of different density, and partial undulations of the atmosphere, caused by the unequal heating of different parts of the ground. In these cases the waves of sound are divided into two waves, where the density of the medium suddenly changes, and a sort of _acoustic mirage_ is produced, arising from the want of homogenity of the air in the same manner as the _luminous mirage_ is produced from an analogous cause.--_Ann. de Chim._

_Gil Blas and Don Quixote._--These very ingenious and diverting authors seem calculated to please readers of very different descriptions. I have observed that literary men are most delighted with Don Quixote, and men of the world with Gil Blas. Perhaps the preference of Don Quixote in the former may be ascribed to the sympathy which learned readers feel for the knight, whose aberrations of intellect originated from too intense an application to books of his own selection, and from whims which his own brains engendered.

_Learned Ladies._--A person who frequently attended the Royal Institution, and who was both astonished and delighted with the numerous attendence of the fair sex at these scientific lectures, observed with a smile somewhat Sardonic, that he saw great advantage arising from that circumstance, as he was sure that for the future the sciences would no longer have any secrets.

_Baron Smyth's Riddle._--Some men of the greatest talents have taken delight in composing or endeavouring to unravel riddles. Dean Swift is a case in point. Sir William Smyth, the learned Irish Baron of the Exchequer, at one time spent two days and nights in considering the answer to this conundrum: Why is an egg underdone, like an egg overdone? He would not suffer any one to give him the answer, which he at last discovered. It is a tolerable pun enough. Because they are both _hardly_ done.

_Disputants._--How often men who love argument in conversation follow victory, and not truth. In order to entrap the adversary, a brilliant illustration is substituted for argument, to amuse the opponent, and divert him from the line of his reasoning. Bird catchers carry a light with them to intice their prey into their nets, and so the leathered tribe are allured to their captivity. High-flying disputants who are thus led aside by false lights are not uncommon.

GOVERNORS.

_In the different states, are chosen as follows:_

New Hampshire, annually, in March, by the people.

Massachusetts, annually, in April, by the people.

Maine, annually, in January, by the people.

Rhode Island, annually, by the people, though this state retains its original charter of 1663.

Connecticut, annually, in April, by the people.

Vermont, annually, in September, by the people.

New York, once in three years, in April, by the people.

New Jersey, annually, by the council and assembly.

Pennsylvania, once in three years, in October, by the people.

Delaware, once in three years, in October, by the people.

Maryland, annually, in December, by the general assembly.

Virginia, annually, by joint ballot of the general assembly.

North Carolina, annually, "by the Senate and House of Commons."

South Carolina, once in two years, by the "Senate and House of Representatives."

Georgia, once in two years, by the general assembly.

Louisiana, once in four years, by the people.

Kentucky, once in four years, by the people.

Ohio, once in two years, by the people.

Tennessee, once in two years, by the people.

Mississippi, once in two years, by the people.

Indiana, once in three years, by the people.

Alabama, once in two years, by the people.

From which we find that ten states elect their governor annually, six once in two years, four once in three years, three once in four years--23 states; and that the _people_ have a direct _voice_ in the election, in all the states, except six.

[_Bost. Gaz._

_Dreaming._--Mr. Andrew Carmichael has published a very ingenious theory of dreaming. He enumerates no less than seven different states of sleeping and waking--1. When the entire brain and nervous system are buried in sleep; then there is a total exemption from dreaming. 2. When some of the mental organs are awake, and all the senses are asleep: then dreams occur, and seem to be realities. 3. When the above condition exists, and the nerves of voluntary motion are also in a state of wakefulness; then may occur the rare phenomenon of somnambulism. 4. When one of the senses is awake, with some of the mental organs; then we may be conscious, during our dream, of its illusory nature. 5. When some of the mental organs are asleep, and two or more senses awake; then we can attend to external impressions, and notice the gradual departure of our slumbers. 6. When we are totally awake, and in full possession of all our faculties and powers. 7. When under these circumstances we are so occupied with mental operations as not to attend to the impressions of external objects; and then our reverie deludes us like a dream.

_Druids._--We learn that the ancient Druids reckoned their days not by the course of the sun, but by that of the moon. Perhaps some learned ladies of this age have adopted the almanack of the Druids, and regulate their days or rather nights, by this planet; and the dame of fashion, like the Satan in Paradise Lost, never thinks of the sun, but to address him in the lines of that immortal bard.

"To tell him how she hates his beams."

FOR THE RURAL MAGAZINE.

The present condition of the Aborigines of this country is specially fitted to awaken the sympathy of every feeling heart. They where once the exclusive proprietors of this immense continent; but successive inroads have been so rapidly made on their rights, that they have been dwindled, as to power and numbers, into absolute insignificance. Our ancestors fled from persecution and tyranny, and sought in this region an asylum, in which, they might enjoy civil and religious liberty. _They were not disappointed._ They were received with kindness and hospitality by the natives, a fact, which we their descendants should never forget. And what return has too frequently been made for this generous conduct?--Unjust and inhuman treatment,--the introduction of ruin amongst them--And generally, the pernicious influence of bad example. Notwithstanding these painful circumstances some of them occasionally visit the land of ONAS, to light the calumet of peace and brighten the chain of friendship, which uniformly subsisted between him and their fathers. A journey of this kind was recently made to Philadelphia by a number of Cherokee warriors. The earthly career of one of them, was terminated in this vicinity, and his exequies were performed by his brethren on the 6th of August last, in the woods back of Bartram's gardens. This incident, has furnished the subject of the following stanzas.

THE CHEROKEE'S GRAVE.

Calm be thy slumbers thou heart broken stranger,
And downy the hillock which pillows thy head,
The grave is a refuge from sorrow and danger,
Were wrong and oppression pursue not the dead:
Though far from thy cabin, thy kindred, and nation.
Unwept and unhonour'd thy relics repose,
Ere sleep with her poppies shall steal o'er creation.
Oft a requiem will hallow the even's still close:
And he who may wander at that witching hour,
On the banks of the Schuylkill the greenwood among,
Shall listen with rapture as night's shadows lower.
To a soul thrilling anthem by mortals unsung.
And there shall a cenotaph rise to the glory,
Which gilds with mild halo the temples of PENN.
Whose laurels still bloom in their records of story,
As the friend of the Indian,--the noblest of men.
But ere the wrapt minstrels evanish for ever,
May the _Great Spirit_ grant them the heart cheering boon,
That the lucid example he furnished,--may never,
Be 'merg'd in the darkness which rests on the tomb:
That so long as the rivers replenish the ocean,
And still while with verdure the spring crowns the trees,
The heart of the white man may feel sad emotion,
When the woes of the Indian shall sigh in the breeze.
Calm be thy slumbers thou heart broken stranger.
And downy the hillock which pillows thy head,
The grave is a refuge from sorrow and danger,
Where wrong and oppression pursue not the
dead.

E.

HOPE.

Come flattering Hope! now woes distress me,
Thy flattery I desire again;
Again rely on thee to bless me,
To find thy vainness doubly vain,

Though disappointments vex and fetter,
And jeering whisper, thou art vain,
Still must I rest on thee for better,
Still hope--and be deceived again.

ANGLER.

When smiling in the pride of May,
The meads are green, the blossoms gay,
When fleecy clouds the sky adorn,
Across the dew-bespangled lawn,
The angler hies with nimble pace,
Eager to snare the finny race.
The glowing landscape charms his eyes,
Within his ardent bosom rise
Fond hopes, that numerous watery spoils,
Ere night, will crown his pleasing toils.
But ah! ere he his art can try,
And throw the well-dissembled fly,
Wherein the swift meandering brook
The trout may seize his fraudful hook;
Soon in his mind with fear dismay'd,
The landscape darkens into shade,
Black gathering clouds obscure the skies,
The winds in hollow murmurs rise,
The rains in copious streams descend,
And all his fairy visions end.
The Angler now, with rapid feet,
Hastens to find a dry retreat,
And homeward takes his dripping way,
Sad disappointment's pensive sway,
Still he resolves, the following morn,
Again to trace the verdant lawn,
Again to try his angle's wiles,
And trust the weather's tempting smiles.
HOPE, like the limpid stream he loves,
With various course, still onward moves;
Though rising high, or sinking low,
Yet never ceases it to flow.

THE MOTHER'S LAMENT.

_By Bernard Barton._

Pale and cold is the cheek that my kisses oft press'd,
And quench'd is the beam of that bright-sparkling eye;
For the soul, which its innocent glances confess'd,
Has flown to its God and its Father on high.

No more shall the accents, whose tones were more dear
Than the sweetest of sounds even music can make,
In notes full of tenderness fall on my ear;
If I catch them in dreams, all is still when I wake,

No more the gay smiles that those features display'd
Shall transiently light up their own mirth in mine;
Yet, though these, and much more, be now cover'd in shade,
I must not, I cannot, and dare not repine.

However enchantingly flattering and fair.
Were the hopes, that for thee, I had ventur'd to build,
Can a frail, finite mortal presume to declare
That the future those hopes would have ever fulfilled?

In the world thou hast left, there is much to allure
The most innocent spirit from virtue and peace:
Hadst thou liv'd, would thy own have been equally pure,
And guileless, and happy, in age's increase?

Temptation, or sooner or later, had found thee;
Perhaps had seduc'd thee from pathways of light;
Till the dark clouds of vice, gath'ring gloomily round thee,
Had enrapt thee for ever in horror and night.

But _now_, in the loveliest bloom of the soul,
While thy heart yet was pangless, and true, and unstain'd;
Ere the world one vain wish by its witcheries stole,
What it could not confer, thou for ever hast gain'd

Like a dew-drop, kiss'd off by the sun's morning beam,
A brief, but a beauteous existence was given;
Thy soul seem'd to come down to earth, in a dream,
And only to wake, when ascended to heaven!

CHURCH FELLOWSHIP.

_By James Montgomery._

People of the living God!
I have sought the world around,
Paths of sin and Sorrow trod,
Peace and comfort no where found;
Now to you my spirit turns,
Turns,--a fugitive unblest;
Brethren! where your altar burns,
O receive me to your rest.

Lonely I no longer roam
Like the cloud, the wind, the wave,
Where you dwell shall be my home,
Where you die shall be my grave,
Mine the God whom you adore,
Your Redeemer shall be mine;
Earth can fill my soul no more,
Every idol I resign.

Tell me not of gain and loss,
Ease, enjoyment, pomp, and power,
Welcome poverty, and cross,
Shame, reproach, affliction's hour!
--"Follow me!"--I know thy voice,
Jesus, Lord! thy steps I see;
Now I take thy yoke by choice,
Light thy burthen now to me.

STATE OF THE THERMOMETER.

9 o'cl. 12 o'cl. 3 o'cl.
Nov. 8, 47 48 51
9, 49 55 52
10, 37 41 40
11, 33 34 34
12, Snow this day.
13, 30 36 34
14, 30 38 35
15, 32 39 39
16, 33 44 44
17, 37 49 50
18, 40 50 52
20, 44 49 46
21, 46 50 50
22, 39 52 50
23, 40 49 33
24, 45 57 57
25, 46 48 51
27, 33 40 36
28, 31 34 34
29, 32 41 39
30, 29 30 29
Dec. 1, 23 34 33
2, 33 43 41
4, 36 39 41
5, 38 41 41
6, 39 43 43
7, 35 42 45
8, 41 45 44
9, 38 40 41
11, 29 34 33
12, 25 27 26
13, 27 30 32
14, 33 38 38
15, 36 38 42
16, 28 30 28
18, 31 32 33
19, 35 37 33

RAIN GAUGE AT PHILADELPHIA.

In. hun.
Novem. 8, Rain, 0.17
11 to 12, Rain and some Snow 2.35
21, Rain, 0.30
Dec. 4, do. 0.98
9, do. 0.34
15, do. 0.18
21, do. 0.11

_TO OUR SUBSCRIBERS._

The present number of the RURAL MAGAZINE will complete a volume; and is intended also to terminate our editorial labours in the present form. It may perhaps be proper, briefly to advert to the circumstances which have led to this determination.

We embarked in the enterprise, without making promises not designed to be performed, or indulging extravagant expectations, as to patronage and emolument. We honestly believed that important services might be rendered to the agricultural interests, which we consider the great and growing interests of our country, by the extensive circulation of such a publication. We had no doubt, that enlightened and public spirited farmers, would have gladly availed themselves of our pages, for the purpose of disseminating useful information, connected with the prosperity and advancement of the FIRST OF ARTS. In this reasonable expectation, we are compelled to acknowledge, that we have been entirely disappointed.

Our farmers of Pennsylvania, who as practical men, if they do not surpass, are at least inferior to none in the United States, have discovered a most extraordinary reluctance in committing to writing the result of their experience. Hence a principal difficulty in supporting with a suitable degree of animation, an agricultural paper in this place.

We nevertheless look forward to the period, and we hope it is not far distant, when many of the discouragements which now present themselves will have disappeared; when such a work, or one perhaps _exclusively_ devoted to AGRICULTURE and RURAL AFFAIRS, will be called for, by those most immediately interested. When this time shall arrive, we may possibly again undertake a work of this kind; but at present, lest we should be considered obtrusive, our editorial duties are relinquished.

To this we are reluctantly impelled, as well by pecuniary considerations, (for our subscription list has not latterly increased as was expected,) as for the reason already stated.

In reviewing the course which has been pursued, we are unconscious of having omitted any exertion, or failed in the performance of any stipulation, which the terms of our engagements seemed to us to impose. The twelve numbers published, will form a handsome volume; and we are induced to believe, contain many articles well worthy of preservation. For such of our friends, who may wish to have these bound, and will place them in our hands for that purpose, we will employ a binder, and see that the work is executed neatly, and on the most moderate terms.

To those of our patrons who have been punctual in their remittances, we return our thanks. Those who appear to have been unmindful of this duty, will we trust remember, as stimulating circumstances, the smallness and justice of our claims.--With these observations, we respectfully take leave of our readers, and feel desirous of parting with them, with sentiments of mutual good will.

As we cannot reciprocate the favour to those editors who have sent us their papers in exchange for ours, we of course will not expect to receive them in future.

RICHARDS & CALEB JOHNSON.

_Philadelphia_, 12 _mo._ 1820.

PHILADELPHIA,

PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY

RICHARDS & CALEB JOHNSON,

_No. 31, Market Street_,

At $3.00 per annum.

GRIGGS & DICKINSON, _Printers_--_Whitehall_.