Chapter XX: Appendix: A

MARKS.

The following patronymical names I believe to be those of ancient Marks. The first portion of them is derived from the Codex Diplomatics and other original authorities: the second portion contains names inferred from the actual local names in England at the present day.

Æslingas. Kent. Cod. Dipl. No. 111. Æscingas. Surrey. 314. Anningas. Northamptonshire. 445. Antingas. Norfolk. 785. Æfeningas. 1073.

Berecingas. Essex. 38. Besingas. 994. Banesingas. Oxfordshire. 81. Boerlingas. Kent. 152. Beardingas. Kent. 207. Beadingas. Sussex. 314. Billingas. 1000. Bruningas. 374, 1113. Brahcingas. Hertfordshire. 410. Brytfordingas. Hampshire. 421, 985, 1108. Brydingas. Wiltshire. 436. Brydingas. Dorsetshire. 447. Bydelingas. Northamptonshire. 445. Beaddingas. Isle of Wight. 475. Beorhfeldingas. 1175. Beringas. Kent. 518. Buccingas. Chron. Sax. 918. Bulungas. Somersetshire. Cod. Dipl. No. 569. Birlingas. Worcestershire. 570. Brómleágingas. Kent. 657. Beorganstedingas. Sussex. 663. Boccingas. Essex. 698. Beorhtingas. Sussex. 782. Bercingas. Suffolk. 907. Byrtingas. Warwickshire. 916.

Culingas. Kent. 132. Centingas. Chron. Sax. 999. Crangas. Kent. Cod. Dipl. No. 179. Ceanningas. 1193. Colingas. Wiltshire. 336. Cearningas. 1212. Ciwingas. Hertfordshire. 410. Cytringas. Northamptonshire. 443. Cnyllingas. Northamptonshire. 480. Cystáningas. Kent. 657. Cateringas. 722. Coringas. Lincolnshire. 953. Cyceringas. 957.

Dicelingas. Sussex. 314. Dentúningas. Northamptonshire. 445. Doccingas. Norfolk. 759.

Eohingas. Kent. 121. Englungas. 123. Eástringas. Northamptonshire. 480. Earmingas. Cambridgeshire. 563. Earningas. 1320. Embasingas. Hampshire. 673. Eastúningas. 1023. Eofordúningas. Northamptonshire. 736. Erpingas. Norfolk. 785. Effingas. Surrey. 812. Erningas. Cambridgeshire. 907.

Ferlingas. Somersetshire. 73. Fullingas. 987. Focingas. Kent. 207. Fasingas. 1083. Fearningas. Hampshire. 450. Fearnbeorgingas. Kent. 657. Fingringas. Essex. 685. Fearningas. Somersetshire. 723. Frinningas. Kent. 896.

Glæstingas. Somersetshire. 49. Geddingas. Middlesex. 101. Gumeningas. Middlesex. 116. Gustingas. Wiltshire. 174. Getingas. Surrey. 318. Garungas. Kent. 364. Grundlingas. Worcestershire. 548. Gildingas. Kent. 790. Gillingas. 809. Chron. Sax. 1010. Gyrstlingas. 967.

Hallingas. Kent. 160. Hæstingas. Chron. Sax. 1050. Heallingas. Worcestershire. Cod. Dipl. No. 209. Heretúningas. Dorsetshire. 412. Hrepingas. 990. Hoppingas. Surrey. 537. Hæglingas. 1193. Heántuningas. 1212. Heartingas. Cambridgeshire. 533. Hwæssingas. Sussex. 591. Hohtúningas. Hampshire. 633. Hnutscillingas. Hampshire. 642. Holingas. Kent. 722. Heningas. Northamptonshire. 733. Herelingas. Norfolk. 782. Hodingas. Hampshire. 783. Hanningas. Norfolk. 785. Hellingas. Norfolk. 809. Horningas. Hampshire. 556. Horningas. Norfolk. 740. Horningas. Oxfordshire. 775. Horningas. Somersetshire. 816. Horningas. Cambridgeshire. 907. Hicelingas. 971. Hæcingas. Kent. 364.

Ircingas. Chron. Sax. 918.

Lingas. Middlesex. Cod. Dipl. No. 159. Lællingas. Essex. 715. Lamburningas. Berkshire. 792. Linfrodingas. 1133. Lacingas. 1153.

Merlingas. Somersetshire. 73. Mundlingas. Kent. 107. Mallingas. Kent. 240. Módingas. Kent. 287. Michǽmingas. Surrey. 537. Meringas. 809. Mæssingas. 953.

Nessingas. 813. Neddingas. Suffolk. 907.

Oddingas. Worcestershire. 209.

Pegingas. 257. Pæccingas. Sussex. 414. Purbicingas. Dorsetshire. 418. Palingas. Sussex. 432. Puningas. Sussex. 481. Piccingas. 812. Piperingas. 1001. Peartingas. 1016.

Rícingas. Essex. 35. Roegingas. Kent. 196. Reádingas. Berkshire. 685. Rodingas. 907. Rocingas. 1014. Ruwanoringas. 1163.

Stoppingas. Warwickshire. 83. Sunningas. Berkshire. 214. Sempingas. Lincolnshire. 267. Stǽningas. Sussex. 314. Scearingas. Berkshire. 357. Suntingas. Northamptonshire. 445. Snotingas. Chron. Sax. 922. Súðtúningas. Hampshire. Cod. Dipl. No. 578. Stameringas. Berkshire. 762. Seaxlingas. Norfolk. 782. Scealdedeningas. Hampshire. 783. Stutingas. Kent. 773. Scitingas. 1042.

Terringas. Sussex. 1138. Terringas. Kent. 405. Tótingas. Surrey. 363. Tótingas. Norfolk. 785. Teofuntingas. Wiltshire. 379. Tudingas. Sussex. 593. Terlingas. Essex. 907. Ticcingas. 928.

Uggafordingas. Wiltshire. 778.

Wócingas. Surrey. 168. Wígingas. Kent. 225. Wígingas. Hertfordshire. Chron. Sax. 921. Wealthǽmingas. Hampshire. Cod. Dipl. No. 342. Weodúningas. Northamptonshire. 399. Wrætlingas. 399. Wellingas. Hertfordshire. 410. Wealingas. 716. Wealingas { 1016; 1061. { Chron. Sax. 1013. Wealingas. Hampshire. Cod. Dipl. No. 442. Welingas. Wiltshire. 462. Welingas. 1069; 1154. Witringas. Sussex. 464. Wyrtingas. Hampshire. 481. Woðringas. Kent. 492. Wudutúningas. Hampshire. 638. Wealdingas. Suffolk. 685. Wanetingas. Berkshire. 698. Witeringas. 992. Weopingas. 721. Westmoringas. Chron. Sax. 966. Wilringas. Suffolk. Cod. Dipl. No. 759. Wælsingas. Norfolk. 759. Wylfingas. 1135. Wratingas. 907. Wanhæmingas. 1135. Winlingas. 907. Wasingas. 1159; 1173. Wedringas. 907. Watingas. 907. Wintringas. 953. Weargeburningas. Hampshire. 783. Wimbedúningas. Surrey. 537.

Ytingas. 1228. Chron.
Sax. 906.

Ðutingas. Hampshire. Cod. Dipl. No. 752. Ðorningas. Kent. 207. Ðristlingas. Worcestershire. 570.

Writolas. Essex. 35. Hogebúra. Hampshire. 589. Holigan. 952. Momelas. 952. Wægelas. Somersetshire. 774.

Beohhǽme. Kent. 657. Burhhǽme. Kent. 688. Cethǽme. Kent. 688. Cynghǽme. 1212. Crohhǽme. Worcestershire. 507. Díchǽme. Wiltshire. 778. Hinhǽme. Worcestershire. 764. Middelhǽme. Hampshire. 648. Monninghǽme. Worcestershire. 645 Leófeshǽme. Kent. 657. Micghǽme. Hampshire. 638. Polhǽme. Hampshire. 642; 1136. Secghǽme. Worcestershire. 764. Uppinghǽme. Hampshire. 590. Wíchǽme. Kent. 657; 1038. Ðornhǽme. Worcestershire. 511. Beonotsetan. Worcestershire. Cod. Dipl. No. 266. Brádsetan. Worcestershire. 289. Brádsetan. Gloucestershire. 274. Crægsetan. Kent. 287. Crudsetan. Wiltshire. 460. Grimsetan. Worcestershire. 561. Incsetan. Worcestershire. 511. Mósetan. Worcestershire. 266. Wreocensetan. Worcestershire. 277.

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MARKS INFERRED FROM LOCAL NAMES IN ENGLAND.

Æbingas. Abinger, _Surr._; Abinghall, _Glouc._; Abington, _Camb._ Æblingas. Ablington, _Glouc._; Ablington, _Wilts._ Æcingas. Oakington, _Camb._ Æceringas. Accrington, _Lanc._; Eakring, _Notts._ Æclingas. Acklington, _Nthld._ Aldingas. Aldingbourn, _Sussx._; Aldingham, _Lanc._; Aldington, _Kent_ and _Worc._ Aldringas. Aldringham, _Suff._; Aldrington, _Sussx._ Ælcingas. Alkington, _Glouc._ and _Salop._ Ælcringas. Alkrington, _Lanc._ Ælingas. Allington, _Devon_, _Dors._, _Hants_, _Kent_, _Linc._, _Wilts._ Ælmingas. Almington, _Staff._ and _Warw._ Ælmodíngas. Almodington, _Sussx._ Ælfingas. Alphington, _Devon_; Alvington, _Glouc._, _Somers._ and _Devon_; Alvingham, _Linc._ Ælpingas. Alpington, _Norf._ Ælwingas. Alwington, _Devon_. Angmeringas. Angmering, _Sussx._ Antingas. Antingham, _Norf._ Ardingas. Ardingly, _Sussx._; Ardington, _Berks._ Arlingas. Arlingham, _Glouc._; Arlington, _Devon_, _Glouc._ and _Sussx._ Armingas. Armingford, _Camb._; Arminghall, _Norf._ Arringas. Arrington, _Camb._ Arðingas. Arthington, _York._; Arthingworth, _Nhamp._ Artingas. Artington, _Sussx._ Æscingas. Ashingdon, _Essex_; Ashington, _Sussx._, _Somers._ and _Nthld._; Ashendon, _Bucks_. Æsclingas. Ashling, _Sussx._ Æðeringas. Athrington, _Devon_ and _Sussx._ Ætingas. Attington, _Oxf._ Æfingas. Avington, _Berks._ and _Hants_.

Bæbingas. Babbingley, _Norf._; Babington, _Somers._ Bædingas. Baddington, _Chesh._; Badingham, _Suff._ Bæcgingas. Badgington, _Glouc._; Baginton, _Warw._ Bædlingas. Badlingham, _Camb._ Balcingas. Balking, _Essex_. Bælingas. Ballingdon, _Essex_; Ballingham, _Heref._ Baningas. Banningham, _Norf._ Beorcingas. Barking, _Essex_, _Suff._ and _Mddx._ Beorlingas. Barling, _Essex_; Barlings, _Linc._ Beormingas. Barming, _Kent_; Birmingham, _Warw._ Beorningas. Barningham, _Suff._, _York._ and _Norf._ Beorringas. Barrington, _Camb._, _Somers._, _Berks._, _Glouc._ Beortingas. Bartington, _Chesh._ Basingas. Basing, _Hants_; Basingstoke, _ibid._ Bassingas. Bassingbourn, _Camb._; Bassingfield, _Notts_; Bassingham, _Linc._; Bassingthorpe, _Linc._; Bassington, _Nthld._ Bafingas. Bavington, _Nthld._ Bealingas. Bealings, _Suff._ Bebingas. Bebington, _Chesh._ Beceringas. Beckering, _Linc._ Beccingas. Beckingham, _Essex_, _Linc._, _Notts_; Beckington, _Somers._ Beadingas. Beddingham, _Sussx._; Beddington, _Surr._; Bedingfield, _Suff._; Bedingham, _Norf._ Bædlingas. Bedlington, _Drhm._ Bécingas. Beeching Stoke, _Wilts._ Bédingas. Beeding, _Sussx._ Bellingas. Bellingdon, _Bucks_; Bellinger, _Hants_; Bellingham, _Nthld._ Beltingas. Belting, _Kent_. Benningas. Benningbrough, _York._; Benningholme, _York._; Bennington, _Herts_, _Linc._; Benningworth, _Linc._ Bensingas. Bensington, _Oxf._ Berringas. Berrington, _Drhm._, _Glouc._, _Salop_, _Worc._ Bessingas. Bessingby, _York._; Bessingham, _Norf._ Beofingas. Bevington, _Warw._ Biccingas. Bickington, _Devon_. Billingas. Billing, _Nhamp._; Billinge, _Lanc._; Billingford, _Norf._; Billingham, _Drhm._; Billinghay, _Linc._; Billingley, _York._; Billingsgate, _Mddx._; Billingshurst, _Sussx._; Billingside, _Drhm._; Billingsley, _Salop_; Billington, _Bedf._, _Staff._, _Lanc._ Bilsingas. Bilsington, _Kent_. Bingas. Bing, _Suff._; Bingfield, _Nthld._; Bingham, _Nhamp._, _Somers._; Bingley, _York._ Binningas. Binnington, _York._ Bircingas. Birchington, _Kent_. Bridingas. Birdingbury, _Warw._ Birlingas. Birling, _Kent_, _Nthld._; Birlingham, _Worc._ Biteringas. Bittering, _Norf._ Blæcingas. Blatchington, _Sussx._; Blatchinworth, _Lanc._ Blædingas. Bleddington, _Glouc._ Bleccingas. Bletchingley, _Surr._; Bletchington, _Oxf._ Bliclingas. Blickling, _Norf._ Bobbingas. Bobbing, _Kent_; Bobbington, _Salop_, _Staff._; Bobbingworth, _Essex_; Bobinger, _Essex_. Bocingas, Bocking, _Essex_, _Suff._ Boddingas. Boddington, _Glouc._, _Nhamp._ Bolingas. Bolingbroke, _Linc._ Bollingas. Bollington, _Chesh._ Bondingas. Bondington, _Somers._ Bonningas. Bonnington, _Kent_ and _Notts._; Boningale, _Salop_; Boninghall, _Salop_. Bosingas. Bossingham, _Kent_; Bossington, _Hants._, _Somers._ Bofingas. Bovingdon, _Herts._ Bradingas. Brading, _Hants._ Brentingas. Brantingham, _York._; Brentingley, _Leic._ Brahcingas. Braughin, _Herts._ Bressingas. Bressingham, _Norf._ Bridlingas. Bridlington, _York._ Brihtlingas. Brightling, _Sussx._; Brightlingsea, _Essex_. Brimingas. Brimington, _Derby._ Bringas. Brington, _Hunt._ and _Nhamp._; Bringhurst, _Leic._ Bríningas. Briningham, _Norf._ Brinningas. Brinnington, _Chesh._ Brislingas. Brislington, _Somers._ Britingas. Brittenton, _Oxf._ Bucingas. Buckingham, _Bucks_. Budingas. Buddington, _Sussx._ Bulcingas. Bulkington, _Warw._, _Wilts._ Bullingas. Bullingdon, _Oxf._; Bullingham, _Heref._; Bullington, _Hants_ and _Linc._ Buntingas. Buntingford, _Herts_. Burlingas. Burlingham, _Norf._; Burlington, _York._ Burmingas. Burmington, _Warw._ Burringas. Burringham, _Linc._; Burrington, _Devon_, _Heref._, _Somers._ Buslingas. Buslingthorpe, _Linc._ Byttingas. Butting Hill, _Sussx._

Cædingas. Caddington, _Bedf._, _Herts_; Keddington, _Linc._ Kedington, _Essex_, _Suff._ Callingas. Callington, _Cornw._ Cægingas. Keyingham, _York._ Cameringas. Cameringham, _Linc._; Cammerton, _Cumb._ Canningas. Cannings, _Wilts_; Cannington, _Somers._; Kenninghall, _Norf._; Kennington, _Berks._, _Kent_, _Surr._ Ceardingas } (? Heardingas) } Cardington, _Bedf._, _Salop_; Cardinham, _Cornw._ Cearlingas. Carlingcot, _Somers._; Carlinghow, _York._ Cerringas. Carrington, _Chesh._, _Linc._, _Notts_; Charing, _Kent_; Cherrington, _Salop_, _Wilts._ Cersington. Carsington, _Derby._ Cæssingas. Cassington, _Oxf._ Ceadlingas. Chaddlington, _Oxf._ Cealfingas. Chalvington, _Sussx._; Kilvington, _York._ Ceandlingas. Chandlings, _Berks._ Ceadingas. Cheddington, _Bucks_, _Dors._ Cyllingas. Chellington, _Bedf._; Chillingford, _Staff._; Chillingham, _Nthld._; Chillington, _Devon_, _Somers._; Kelling, _Norf._; Kellingley, _York._; Kellington, _York._ Ceassingas. Chessington, _Surr._; Kessingland, _Suff._ Cifingas. Chevington, _Suff._, _Nthld._ Cyrclingas. Kirklington, _Notts._, _York._ Cidingas. Chiddingfold, _Surr._; Chiddingly, _Sussx._; Chiddingstone, _Kent_, Kiddington, _Oxf._ Cirmingas. Kirmington, _Linc._ Ciltingas. Chiltington, _Sussx._ Cemesingas. Kemsing, _Kent_. Cypingas. Chipping, _Herts_, _Lanc._, _Glouc._, _Berks._, _Oxf._, _Essex_, _Nhamp._, _Bucks_. Cenesingas. Kensington, _Mddx._ Ceopingas. Choppington, _Drhm._ Cetringas. Kettering, _Nhamp._; Ketteringham, _Norf._ Clæfringas. Clavering, _Essex_, _Norf._ Cyrtlingas. Kirtling, _Camb._; Kirtlington, _Oxf._ Climpingas. Climping, _Sussx._ Cýslingas. Kislingbury, _Nhamp._ Coceringas. Cockerington, _Linc._ Cnudlingas. Knedlington, _York._ Cocingas. Cocking, _Sussx._; Cockington, _Devon_. Codingas. Coddington, _Chesh._, _Heref._, _Notts_; Coddenham, _Suff._ Codringas. Codrington, _Glouc._ Collingas. Collingbourne, _Wilts_; Collingham, _Notts_, _York._; Collington, _Heref._; Collingtree, _Nhamp._ Cnossingas. Knossington, _Leic._ Cnottingas. Knotting, _Bedf._; Knottingley, _York._ Culingas. Cooling, _Kent_; Cowling, _Suff._, _York._ Copingas. Copping-Syke, _Linc._; Coppingford, _Hunt._ Coringas. Corringham, _Essex_, _Linc._ Cosingas. Cossington, _Leic._, _Somers._ Cotingas. Cottingham, _Nhamp._, _York._; Cottingley, _York._; Cottingwith, _York._ Cofingas. Covington, _Hunt._ Cramlingas. Cramlington, _Nthld._ Creótingas. Creeting, _Suff._ Cressingas. Cressing, _Essex_; Cressingham, _Norf._ Cridlingas. Cridling-Stubbs, _York._ Crucgingas. Crudgington, _Salop_. Cubingas. Cubbington, _Warw._ Cublingas. Cublington, _Bucks_. Cwædringas. Quadring, _Linc._ Cycelingas. Cucklington, _Somers._ Cwæringas. Quarrington, _Drhm._, _Linc._ Cydingas. Cuddington, _Bucks_, _Chesh._, _Surr._ Cydlingas. Kidlington, _Oxf._ Cullingas. Cullingworth, _York._ Cweningas. Quenington, _Glouc._ Culmingas. Culmington, _Salop_; Kilmington, _Devon_, _Somers._ Cylingas. Killingbeck, _York._; Killinghall, _York._; Killingholm, _Linc._; Killingworth, _Nthld._

Dædlingas. Dadlington, _Leic._ Dæglingas. Daglingworth, _Glouc._ Dællingas. Dalling, _Norf._; Dallinghoo, _Suff._; Dallington, _Nhamp._, _Sussx._ Deorlingas. Darlingscott, _Worc._; Darlington, _Drhm._ Deorringas. Darrington, _York._ Dartingas. Dartington, _Devon_. Dæfingas. Davington, _Kent_. Deoplingas. Debtling, _Kent_. Deddingas. Deddington, _Oxf._ Denningas. Dennington, _Suff._ Deorsingas. Dersingham, _Norf._; Dorsington, _Glouc._, _Warw._ Dicringas. Dickering, _York._ Diddingas. Diddington, _Hunt._ Didlingas. Didling, _Sussx._; Didlington, _Dors._, _Norf._ Dillingas. Dillington, _Norf._ Dimlingas. Dimlington, _York._ Dinningas. Dinnington, _Nthld._, _Somers._, _York._ Dintingas. Dinting, _Derby._ Dissingas. Dissington, _Nthld._ Distingas. Distington, _Cumb._ Dicelingas. Ditchling, _Sussx._ Docingas. Docking, _Norf._ Dodingas. Doddinghurst, _Essex_; Doddington, _Camb._, _Chesh._, _Kent_, Linc., _Nthld._, _Nhamp._; Doddingtree, _Worc._; Dodington, _Glouc._, _Salop_, _Somers._ Doningas. Donington, _Linc._, _Leic._, _Salop_; Donnington, _Berks._, _Glouc._, _Heref._, _Leic._, _Salop_, _Sussx._ Deorcingas. Dorking, _Surr._ Dormingas. Dormington, _Heref._ Dorringas. Dorrington, _Linc._, _Salop._ Drihlingas. Drighlington, _York._ Dycingas. Duckington, _Chesh._; Dykings, _Linc._ Dyclingas. Ducklington, _Oxf._ Dylingas. Dullingham, _Camb._ Dyningas. Dunningley, _York._; Dunnington, _Warw._, _York._; Dunningwith, _Suff._ Dyringas. Durrington, _Sussx._, _Wilts._

Ealingas. Ealing, _Mddx._; Eling, _Hants_. Eardingas. Eardington, _Salop_; Erdington, _Warw._ Esingas. Eashing, _Surr._; Easington, _Bucks_, _Drhm._, _Glouc._, _Nthld._, _Oxf._, _York._; Easingwold, _York._ Eastingas. Eastington, _Dors._, _Glouc._, _Worc._ Eastlingas. Eastling, _Kent_. Eastringas. Eastrington, _York._ Eberingas. Ebrington, _Glouc._ Ecgingas. Eckington, _Derby._, _Worc._; Eggington, _Bedf._; Etchingham, _Sussx._ Edingas. Edingale, _Staff._; Edingley, _Notts._; Edingthorpe, _Norf._; Edington, _Berks._, _Nthld._, _Somers._, _Wilts._; Edingworth, _Somers._ Eadlingas. Edlingham, _Nthld._; Edlington, _Linc._, _York._ Eafingas. Effingham, _Surr._ Ecglingas. Eglingham, _Nthld._ Elcingas. Elkington, _Nhamp._, _Linc._ Elringas. Ellerington, _Nthld._ Ellingas. Ellingham, _Hants_, _Norf._, _Nthld._; Ellingstring, _York._; Ellington, _Hunt._, _Kent_, _Nthld._, _York._ Elmingas. Elmington, _Nhamp._ Elsingas. Elsing, _Norf._ Eltringas. Eltringham, _Nthld._ Elfingas. Elvington, _York._ Empingas. Empingham, _Rutl._ Eppingas. Epping, _Essex_. Earmingas. Ermington, _Devon_. Eorpingas. Erpingham, _Norf._ Eorringas. Erringden, _York._ Essingas. Essington, _Staff._ Ettingas. Ettinghall, _Staff._ Eoferingas. Everingham, _York._ Efingas. Evingar, _Hants_; Evington, _Glouc._, _Leic._ Escningas. Exning, _Suff._

Fealcingas. Falkingham, _Linc._; Felkington, _Drhm._ Fealdingas. Faldingworth, _Linc._; Fawdington, _York._ Fearingas. Faringdon, _Devon_; Farringdon, _Dors._, _Hants_, _Berks._, _Somers._; Farrington, _Lanc._, _Somers._ Feorlingas. Farlington, _Hants_, _York._ Feormingas. Farmington, _Glouc._ Fearningas. Farningham, _Kent_. Felmingas. Felmingham, _Norf._ Ferringas. Ferring, _Sussx._ Fiddingas. Fiddington, _Glouc._, _Somers._, _Wilts_. Fillingas. Fillingham, _Linc._ Fincingas. Finchingfield, _Essex_. Fingringas. Fingringhoe, _Essex_. Finningas. Finningham, _Suff_.; Finningley, _Notts_, _York._; Vennington, _Salop_. Fitlingas. Fitting, _York._ Fleccingas. Fletching, _Sussx._ Fobingas. Fobbing, _Essex_. Folcingas. Folkingham, _Linc._; Folkington, _Sussx._ Fordingas. Fordingbridge, _Hants_; Fordington, _Dors._, _Linc._ Foðeringas. Fotheringay, _Nhamp._ Framingas. Framingham, _Norf._; Fremington, _Devon_, _York._ Framlingas. Framlingham, _Suff._; Framlington, _Nthld._ Frescingas. Fressingfield, _Suff._ Fringas. Fring, _Norf._; Fringford, _Oxf._ Frodingas. Frodingham, _Linc._, _York._ Funtingas. Funtington, _Sussx._ Fylingas. Fylingdales, _York._; Fylingthorpe, _York._

Gægingas. Gagingwell, _Oxf._; Ginge, _Berks._ Galmingas. Galmington, _Somers._ Gamelingas. Gamlingay, _Camb_.; Gembling, _York._ Gárlingas. Garlinge, _Kent_. Gærsingas. Garsington, _Oxf._; Grassington, _York._; Gressingham, _Lanc._; Gressenhall, _Norf._ Gealdingas. Yalding, _Kent_; Yielding, _Bedf._ Geddingas. Gedding, _Suff._; Geddington, _Nhamp._; Yeading, _Mddx._; Yeddingham, _York._ Gearlingas. Yarlington, _Somers._ Gædlingas. Gedling, _Notts_. Gearingas. Yarrington, _Oxf._ Gestingas. Gestingthorpe, _Essex_. Geofoningas. Yeavening, _Nthld._ Giddingas. Gidding, _Hunt._ Geátingas. Yettington, _Devon_. Gildingas. Gildingwells, _York._ Gillingas. Gilling, _York._; Gillingham, _Dors._, _Kent_, _Norf._; Yelling, _Hunt._ Gimingas. Gimingham, _Norf._; Gimmingbrook, _Kent_. Gipingas. Gipping, _Suff._ Gislingas. Gislingham, _Suff._ Gitlingas. Yetlington, _Nthld._ Glæstingas. Glastonbury, _Somers._ Glæferingas. Glevering, _Suff._ Goddingas. Goddington, _Oxf._ Goldingas. Golding Stoke, _Leic._; Goldings, _Surr._; Goldington, _Bedf._, _Bucks_. Gáringas. Goring, _Oxf._, _Suff._ Goðringas. Gotherington, _Glouc._ Grǽgingas. Grayingham, _Linc._ Gystlingas. Guestling, _Sussx._ Gytingas. Guyting, _Glouc._

Hæcingas. Hackington, _Kent_. Hædingas. Haddington, _Linc._ Hallingas. Hallingbury, _Essex_; Hallington, _Linc._, _Nthld._ Haningas. Hanningfield, _Essex_; Hannington, _Hants_, _Nhamp._, _Wilts._ Hæpingas. Happing, _Norf._ Heardingas. Hardingham, _Norf._; Hardington, _Somers._; Hardingstone, _Nhamp._; Harden, _York._; Hardendale, _Wmld._; Hardenhuish, _Wilts._ Herelingas. Harling, _Norf._; Harlington, _Bedf._, _Mddx._, _York._ Hearingas. Harrington, _Cumb._, _Linc._, _Nhamp._; Harringworth, _Nhamp._ Heortingas. Harting, _Sussx._; Hartington, _Derby._, _Nthld._; Hertingfordbury, _Herts_. Heortlingas. Hartlington, _York._ Heorfingas. Harvington, _Worc._ Hæslingas. Haslingden, _Lanc._; Haslingfield, _Camb._; Haslington, _Chesh._; Heslington, _York._ Hæsssingas. Hassingham, _Norf._ Hæstingas. Hastings, _Sussx._, _Berks._, _Warw._, _Nhamp._; Hastingleyt, _Kent_; Hastingwood, _Essex_. Hæferingas. Havering, _Essex_; Haveringham, _Suff._; Haveringland, _Norf._ Hafocingas. Hawkinge, _Kent_. Hæglingas. Hawling, _Glouc._; Hayling, _Hants._ Heáfodingas. Headingley, _York_; Headington, _Oxf._; Heddington, _Wilts_; Hedingham, _Essex_. Healingas. Healing, _Linc._ Hæcingas. Heckingham, _Norf._; Heckington, _Linc._; Heighington, _Drhm._, _Linc._ Hellingas. Hellinghill, _Nthld._; Hellingly, _Sussx._ Helmingas. Helmingham, _Suff._; Helmington, _Drhm._ Helpringas. Helprington, _Linc._ Helsingas. Helsington, _Wmld._ Hemlingas. Hemblington, _Norf._; Hemlingford, _Warw._; Hemlington, _York._, _Drhm._ Hemingas. Hemingbrough, _York._; Heminghy, _Linc._; Hemingfield, _York._; Hemingford, _Hunt._; Hemingstone, _Suff._; Hemington, _Nhamp._, _Somers._ Hanesingas. Hensingham, _Cumb._; Hensington, _Oxf._ Heorringas. Herring, _Dors._; Herringby, _Norf._; Herringfleet, _Suff._; Herringstone, _Dors._; Herringswell, _Suff._; Herringthorpe, _York._; Herrington, _Drhm._ Heofingas. Hevingham, _Norf._ Hicelingas. Hickling, _Norf._, _Notts_. Hillingas. Hillingdon, _Mddx._; Hillington, _Norf._ Hindringas. Hindringham, _Norf._ Hócringas. Hockering, _Norf._ Hodingas. Hoddington, _Hants_. Holdingas. Holdingham, _Linc._ Holingas. Hollingbourn, _Kent_; Hollingdon, _Bucks_; Hollinghill, _Nthld._; Hollington, _Derb._, _Staff._, _Sussx._; Hollingworth, _Chesh._ Homingas. Homington, _Wilts_. Honingas. Honing, _Norf._; Honingham, _Norf._; Honington, _Linc._, _Suff._, _Warw._ Horblingas. Horbling, _Linc._ Horningas. Horning, _Norf._; Horninghold, _Leic._; Horninglow, _Staff._; Horningsea, _Camb._; Horningsham, _Wilts_; Horningsheath, _Suff._; Horningtoft, _Norf._ Horingas. Horrington, _Somers._ Horsingas. Horsington, _Linc._, _Somers._ Hoferingas. Hoveringham, _Notts_. Hofingas. Hovingham, _York._ Hucingas, or } Hucking, _Kent_. Hocingas. } Hudingas. Huddington, _Worc._ Huningas, or } Hunningham, _Warw._; Hunnington, _Salop_. Hundingas. } Hunsingas. Hunsingore, _York._ Hyrstingas. Hurstingstone, _Hunt._

Icelingas. Icklingham, _Suff._ Illingas. Illington, _Norf._; Illingworth, _York._ Ilmingas. Ilmimgton, Glouc., _Warw._ Ilsingas. Ilsington, Devon., _Dors._ Immingas. Immingham, _Linc._ Impingas. Impington, _Camb._ Ipingas. Iping, _Sussx._ Irmingas. Irmingland, _Norf._ Irðingas. Irthington, _Cumb._ Irðlingas. Irthlingborough, _Nhamp._ Islingas. Islington, _Norf._, _Mddx._ Issingas. Issington, _Hants_. Iccingas. Itchingswell, _Hants_; Itchington, _Glouc._, _Warw._ Iteringas. Itteringham, _Norf._ Ifingas. Ivinghoe, _Bucks_; Ivington, _Heref._; Jevington, _Sussx._

Læcingas. Lackington, _Somers._; Latchingdon, _Essex_. Larlingas. Larling, _Norf._ Leortingas. Lartington, _York._ Leamingas. Leamington, _Warw._; Leeming, _York._; Lemington, _Glouc._, _Nthld._ Leasingas. Leasingham, _Linc._; Lissington, _Linc._ Leafeningas. Leavening, _York._ Leafingas. Leavington, _York._; Levington, _Suff._ Læpingas. Leppington, _York._ Leðringas. Letheringham, _Suff._; Letheringsett, _Norf._ Læferingas. Leverington, _Camb._ Lexingas. Lexington, _Notts._ Lidingas. Liddington, _Rutl._, _Wilts_. Lidlingas. Lidlington, _Bedf._ Lidesingas. Lidsing, _Kent_. Lillingas. Lillings, _York._; Lillingstone, _Bucks_; Lillington, _Dors._, Oxf., _Warw._ Limingas. Limington, _Somers._; Lyminge, _Kent_; Lymington, _Hants_. Lingas. Lings, _York._; Lingbob, _York._; Lingen, _Heref._; Lingfield, _Surr._; Lingham, _Chesh._; Lingwell Gate, _York._; Lingwood, _Norf._; Lyng, _Norf._ Lytlingas. Littlington, _Camb._, _Sussx._ Locingas. Locking, _Somers._; Lockinge, _Berks._; Lockington, _Leic._, _York._ Lodingas. Loddington, _Kent_, _Leic._, _Nhamp._ Loningas. Loningborough, _Kent_. Lopingas. Loppington, _Salop_. Lofingas. Lovington, _Somers._ Lucingas. Luckington, _Somers._, _Wilts_. Ludingas. Luddington, _Linc._, _Warw._, _Hunt._, _Nhamp._ Lullingas. Lullingfield, _Salop._; Lullingstane, _Kent_; Lullingstone, _Kent_; Lullington, _Derb._, _Somers._, _Sussx._

Mædingas. Maddington, _Wilts_; Madingley, _Camb._ Mallingas. Malling, _Kent_, _Sussx._ Manningas. Manningford, _Wilts_; Manningham, _York._; Mannington, _Dors._, _Norf._; Manningtree, _Essex_; Monnington, _Heref._ Myrcingas. Marckington, _Staff._; Markington, _York._; Markingfield, _York._ Mærlingas. Marlingford, _Norf._ Mæringas, or } Marrington, _Salop._; Mering, _Notts._; Myrgings? Merrington, _Drhm._, _Salop_. Mæssingas. Massingham, _Norf._; Messing, _Essex_; Messingham, _Linc._ Mæccingas. Matching, _Essex_. Mætingas. Mattingley, _Hants_; Mettingham, _Suff._ Mægdlingas. Maudling, _Sussx._ Mécingas. Meeching, _Sussx._ Mellingas. Melling, _Lanc._ Meðringas. Metheringham, _Linc._ Millingas. Millington, _Chesh._, _York._ Mintingas. Minting, _Linc._ Mollingas. Mollington, _Chesh._, _Oxf._, _Warw._ Mottingas. Mottingham, _Kent_. Mycgingas. Mucking, _Essex_.

Næcingas[831]. Nackington, _Kent_; Nedging _Suff._ Næssingas. Nassington, _Nhamp._; Nazeing, _Essex_. Nydingas. Needingworth, _Hunt._ Níwingas. Newington, _Kent_, _Notts_, _Oxf._, _York._, _Glouc._, _Surr._, _Mddx._ Norðingas. Northington, _Hants_. Nottingas[832]. Notting, _Bedf._; Nottington, _Dors._; Nottingham, _Notts_, _Berks._

Oddingas. Oddingley, _Worc._; Oddington, _Glouc._, _Oxf._ Oldingas. Oldington, _Salop_. Orlingas. Orlingbury, _Nhamp._ Orpedingas. Orpington, _Kent_. Osmingas. Osmington, _Dors._ Ossingas. Ossington, _Notts_. Oteringas. Otterington, _York._; Ottringham, _York._ Ofingas. Oving, _Bucks_, _Sussx._; Ovingdean, _Sussx._; Ovingham, _York._, _Nthld._; Ovington, _Essex_, _Hants_, _Norf._, _Nthld._, _York._

Pæccingas. Packington, _Derb._, _Leic._, _Staff._, _Warw._; Patching, _Sussx._ Pædingas. Paddington, _Mddx._ (? Padan tún.) Pællingas. Palling, _Norf._; Pallingham, _Sussx._; Pallington, _Dors._ Pæmingas. Pamington, _Glouc._ Peartingas. Partington, _Chesh._ Pætringas. Patrington, _York._ Pætingas. Pattingham, _Salop_, _Staff._ Pæfingas. Pavingham, _Bedf._; Pevington, _Kent_. Petlingas. Peatling, _Leic._ Pædlingas. Pedling, _Kent_. Penningas. Pennington, _Hants, Lanc._ Piceringas. Pickering, _York._ Pidingas. Piddinghoe, _Sussx._; Piddington, _Nhamp._, _Oxf._ Pilcingas. Pilkington, _Lanc._ Pillingas. Pilling, _Lanc._ Pitingas. Pittington, _Drhm._ Poclingas. Pocklington, _York._ Podingas. Poddington, _Bedf._; Podington, _Dors._ Puntingas. Pointington, _Somers._ Polingas. Poling, _Sussx._; Pollington, _York._ Poringas. Poringland, _Norf._ Porcingas. Porkington, _Salop_. Portingas. Portington, _York_. Postlingas. Postling, _Kent_. Potingas. Poting, _York._ Pucingas. Puckington, _Somers._ Púningas. Poynings, _Sussx._ Pydingas. Puddington, _Bedf._, _Chesh._, _Devon_.

Rædingas. Raddington, _Somers._; Reading, _Berks_; Reading-street, _Kent_. Rætlingas. Ratlinghope, _Salop_. Ræfningas[833]. Raveningham, _Norf._ Rædlingas[833]. Redlingfield, _Suff._ Renningas. Rennington, _Nthld._ Ricingas. Rickinghall, _Suff._ Riclingas[833]. Rickling, _Essex_. Ridingas. Riddinge, _Derb._; Riding, _Nthld._ Ridlingas. Ridlington, _Norf._, _Rutl._ Rillingas. Rillington, _York._ Rimmingas. Rimmington, _York._ Riplingas[833]. Riplingham, _York._; Riplington, _Hants_, _Nthld._ Ripingas[833]. Rippingale, _Linc._ Risingas[833]. Rising, _Norf._; Rissington, _Glouc._ Rifingas. Rivington, _Lanc._ Rocingas[833]. Rockingham, _Nhamp._ Rodingas. Roddington, _Salop._; Roding, _Essex_. Rollingas. Rollington, _Dors._ Roringas. Rorrington, _Salop._ Rossingas. Rossington, _York._ Rotingas. Rottingdean, _Sussx._; Rottington, _Cumb._ Rowingas[834]. Rowington, _Warw._ Rucingas[834]. Ruckinge, _Kent_. Rudingas[834]. Ruddington, _Notts_. Runingas. Runnington, _Somers._ Ruscingas[834]. Ruskington, _Linc._ Rustingas. Rustington, _Sussx._

Sædingas. Saddington, _Leic._ Sælingas. Saling, _Essex_. Sealfingas. Salvington, _Sussx._ Sandingas. Sandringham, _Norf._ Seaxlingas. Saxlingham, _Norf._ Scealingas. Scaling-dam, _York._ Scearningas. Scarning, _Norf._ Scearingas, or { Scarrington, _Notts_; Sharrington, _Norf._; Sheering Seringas. { _Essex_; Sheringford, _Norf._; Sherringham, _Norf._; { Sherrington, _Bucks_, _Wilts_. Scearðingas. Scarthingwell, _York._ Scrǽgingas. Scrayingham, _York._ Screadingas. Scredington, _Linc._ Seafingas. Seavington, _Somers._ Secgingas. Seckington, _Warw._ Seáðingas. Seething, _Norf._ Syllingas. Selling, _Kent_; Sellinge, _Kent_. Seámingas. Semington, _Wilts_. Sempringas. Sempringham, _Linc._ Setringas. Settrington, _York._ Syfingas. Sevington, _Kent_. Sceabingas. Shabbington, _Bucks_. Sceadingas. Shadingfield, _Suff._ Sceáfingas. Shavington, _Chesh._; Shevington, _Lanc._; Skeffington, _Leic._ Sceaningas. Shenington, _Glouc._ Scyllingas. Shilling-Okeford, _Dors._; Shillingford, _Berks._, _Oxf._, _Devon_; Shillingstone, _Dors._; Shillingthorpe, _Linc._; Shillington, _Bedf._; Skellingthorpe, _Linc._; Skillington, _Linc._ Scylfingas. Shilvington, _Dors._, _Nthld._ Scymplingas. Shimpling, _Norf._, _Suff._ Scytlingas. Shitlington, _Bedf._, _Nthld._, _York._ Scolingas. Sholing, _Hants_. Scyrdingas. Shurdington, _Glouc._ Scytingas. Shuttington, _Warw._ Scylingas. Sicklinghall, _York._ Sídingas. Siddington, _Glouc._ Silfingas. Silvington, _Salop._ Sinningas. Sinnington, _York._ Sittingas. Sittingbourne, _Kent_. Sceaclingas. Skeckling, _York._ Sceaflingas. Skeffling, _York._ Scyldingas. Skelding, _York._ Scyrlingas. Skirlington, _York._ Sleaningas. Sleningford, _York._ Snoringas. Snoring, _Norf._ Somtingas. Sompting, _Sussx._ Sunningas. Sonning, _Berks._, _Oxf._; Sunninghill, _Berks._; Sunningwell, _Berks._ Súðingas. Southington, _Hants_. Spaldingas. Spalding, _Linc._; Spaldington, _York._ Specingas. Speckington, _Somers._ Spyringas. Spirringate, _Glouc._ Sprættingas. Spratting-street, _Kent_. Sprydlingas. Spridlington, _Linc._ Steallingas. Stalling-busk, _York._; Stallingborough, _Linc._; Stallington, _Staff._ Stǽningas. Stanningfield, _Suff._; Stanninghall, _Norf._.; Stanningley, _York._; Stannington, _Nthld._, _York._; Steyning, _Sussx._ Steorlingas. Starling, _Lanc._ Stebbingas. Stebbing, _Essex_; Stibbington, _Hunt._ Steápingas. Steeping, _Linc._; Steppingley, _Bedf._ Stellingas. Stelling, _Kent_, _Nthld._; Stillingfleet, _York._; Stillington, _Drhm._, _York._ Stefingas. Stevington, _Bedf._ Stocingas. Stocking, _Herts_; Stockingford, _Warw._; Stokingham, _Devon_. Storningas. Storningley, _York._ Storringas. Storrington, _Sussx._ Stútingas. Stouting, _Kent_. Strellingas. Strellington, _Sussx._ Stubingas. Stubbington, _Hants_. Sulingas. Sullington, _Sussx._ Surlingas. Surlingham, _Norf._. Swaningas. Swannington, _Leic._, _Norf._. Sweorlingas. Swarling, _Kent_ (? Sweordhlincas). Sweðelingas. Swathling, _Hants_. Swefelingas. Sweffling, _Suff._ Swillingas. Swillington, _York._ Sydlingas. Sydling, _Dors._

Tædingas. Taddington, _Glouc._, _Derby._; Teddington, _Mddx._, _Worc._; Tiddington, _Oxf._, _Warw._ Tælingas. Tallington, _Linc._ Tæningas. Tannington, _Suff._ Teorringas. Tarring, _Sussx._; Tarrington, _Heref._; Terrington, _Norf._, _York._; Torrington, _Devon._, _Linc._ Tætingas. Tattingstone, _Suff._ Tendringas. Tendring, _Essex_. Teorlingas. Terling, _Essex_.

Ðegningas. Thanington, _Kent_. Ðeódingas. Thedingworth, _Leic._, _Nhamp._ Ðocingas. Thockington, _Nthld._ Ðoringas, or } Thorington, _Suff._; Thorrington, _Essex_. } Ðorningas. Thornington, _Nthld._ Ðrecgingas. Threckingham, _Linc._ Ðredlingas. Thredling, _Suff._ Ðristlingas. Trislington, _Drhm._ Ðryscingas. Thrussington, _Leic._ Ðurningas. Thurning, _Hunt._, _Norf._, _Nhamp._ Ðwingas. Thwing, _York._

Tibbingas. Tibbington, _Staff._ Tidmingas. Tidmington, _Worc._ Tilingas. Tillingham, _Essex_; Tillington, _Heref._, _Staff._, _Sussx._ Tissingas. Tissington, _Derby._ Titlingas. Titlington, _Nthld._ Teofingas. Tivington, _Somers._ Tocingas. Tockington, _Glouc._ Todingas. Toddington, _Bedf._, _Glouc._ Toltingas. Toltingtrough, _Kent_. Tótingas. Tooting, _Surr._; Tottington, _Lanc._, _Norf._ Torcingas. Torkington, _Chesh._ Tortingas. Tortington, _Sussx._ Trimingas. Trimingham, _Norf._ Tringas. Tring, _Herts_. Tritlingas. Tritlington, _Nthld._ Trumpingas. Trumpington, _Camb._ Tucingas. Tucking Mills, _Somers._; Tuckington, _Hants_. Tuscingas. Tushingham, _Chesh._ Tuttingas. Tuttington, _Norf._ Twiningas. Twining, _Glouc._ Twicgingas. Twitching, _Devon_. Tyrringas. Tyrringham, _Bucks_. Tyðeringas. Tytherington, _Chesh._, _Glouc._, _Wilts_.

Ucingas. Uckington, _Glouc._, _Salop._ Uffingas. Uffington, _Berks_, _Linc._, _Salop._ Ulingas. Ullingswick, _Heref._ Ultingas. Ulting, _Essex_. Upingas. Uppingham, _Rutl._; Uppington, _Salop._

Wadingas. Waddingham, _Linc._; Waddington, _Linc._, _York._; Waddingworth, _Linc._; Weddington, _Warw._ Wæceringas. Wakering, _Essex_. Wealdingas. Waldingfield, _Suff._; Woldingham, _Surr._ Wealdringas. Waldringfield, _Suff._ Wealcringas. Walkeringham, _Notts_. Wealcingas. Walkingham, _York._; Walkington, _York._ Wealingas. Wallingfen, _York._; Wallingford, _Berks_; Wallington, _Hants_, _Herts_, _Norf._, _Surr._, _Nthld._; Wallingwells, _Notts_?; Wellingboro', _Nhamp._; Wellingham, _Norf._; Wellingley, _York._; Wellingore, _Linc._ Wælsingas. Walsingham, _Norf._; Wolsingham, _Drhm._; Woolsington, _Nthld._ Wæplingas[835]. Waplington, _York._ Wæppingas[835]. Wapping, _Mddx._ Wearblingas[835]. Warblington, _Hants_. Weardingas. Wardington, _Oxf._ Wearlingas. Warlingham, _Sussx._ Wearmingas. Warmingham, _Chesh._; Warminghurst, _Sussx._; Warmington, _Nhamp._, _Warw._ Wearningas. Warningcamp, _Sussx._ Wæringas. Warrington, _Bucks_, _Lanc._; Werrington, _Devon._, _Nhamp._ Weartingas. Warthing, _Sussx._ Wæsingas. Washingborough, _Linc._; Washingley, _Hunt._; Washington, _Derby._, _Durh._, _Sussx._; Wasing, _Berks_; Wessington, _Derby._ Wætringas. Wateringbury, _Kent_. Wætlingas. Watlington, _Norf._, _Oxf._ Weotingas. Weeting, _Norf._ Weolingas. Wellington, _Heref._, _Salop._, _Somers._, _Wilts_. Wendlingas. Wendling, _Norf._ Weningas. Wennington, _Essex_, _Hunt._, _Lanc._ Weðeringas. Wittering, _Sussx._; Wetheringsett, _Suff._; Witherington, _Wilts_. Westingas. Westington, _Glouc._ Westoningas. Westoning, _Bedf._ Wætlingas[836]. Whatlington, _Sussx._ Welpingas[836]. Whelpington, _Nthld._ Werringas[836]. Wherrington, _Staff._ Wippingas[836]. Whippingham, _Hants_. Witlingas[836]. Whitlingham, _Norf._ Witeringas[836]. Whittering, _Nhamp._ Wittingas[836]. Whittingham, _Lanc._, _Nthld._; Whittington, _Derb._, _Glouc._, _Lanc._, _Norf._, _Salop._, _Staff._, _Warw._, _Worc._, _Nthld._ Widingas. Widdington, _Essex_, _Nthld._, _York._ Willingas. Willingale, _Essex_; Willingdon, _Sussx._; Willingham, _Camb._, _Linc._, _Suff._; Willington, _Bedf._, _Chesh._, _Derb._, _Drhm._, _Nthld._, _Warw._ Wylmingas. Wilmington, _Kent_, _Salop._, _Somers._, _Sussx._ Winingas. Winnington, _Chesh._, _Staff._ Wintringas. Winteringham, _Linc._, _York._ Wiscingas. Wissington, _Salop._, _Suff._ Wiccingas. Witchingham, _Norf._ Wiclingas. Witchling, _Kent_; Wychling, _Kent_. Wiðingas. Withington, _Glouc._, _Heref._, _Lanc._, _Salop._, _Staff._, _Chesh._ Wocingas. Woking, _Surr._; Wokingham, _Berks_, _Wilts_. Weorcingas. Workington, _Cumb._ Wyrlingas. Worlingham, _Suff._; Worlington, _Suff._, _Devon._; Worlingworth, _Suff._ Wyrmingas. Wormingford, _Essex_; Worminghall, _Bucks_; Wormington, _Glouc._ Weorðingas. Worthing, _Norf._, _Sussx._; Worthington, _Lanc._, _Leic._ Wramplingas. Wramplingham, _Norf._ Wrættingas. Wratting, _Camb._, _Suff._ Wræningas. Wreningham, _Norf._ Wrestlingas. Wrestlingworth, _Bedf._ Wrihtingas. Wrightington, _Lanc._ Wrihtlingas. Writhlington, _Somers._ Weomeringas. Wymering, _Hants_. Wymingas. Wymington, _Bedf._

-----

Footnote 831:

These may properly have commenced with an H, thus Hnæcingas,
Hnuttingas. Similarly Hnutscillingas, now Nutshalling or Nursling in
Hants.

Footnote 832:

See note, p. 469.

Footnote 833:

All these words commencing with an R may have originally had an H, in
which case we should have had these formations: Hræfuingas,
Hréðlingas, Hrycglingas, Hreóplingas, Hreópingas, Hrísingas,
Hrócingas, Hróringas, Hreáwingas, Hrycingas, Hreódingas, Hryscingas.

Footnote 834:

See note in the preceding page.

Footnote 835:

As the whole of these names might commence with an H, we should have
the following forms: Hwæplingas, Hwæppingas, Hwearflingas, Hwætlingas,
Hwelpingas, Hwerringas, Hweopingas, Hwitlingas, Hwiteringas,
Hwitingas.

Footnote 836:

See note in the preceding page.

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The total number of the names thus assumed from local denominations amounts to 627, but as several occur once only, while others are found repeated in various counties, I find the whole number reaches to 1329, which are distributed through the counties in a very striking manner, as the following table will show.

Bedford 22
Berks. 22
Bucks. 17
Cambridge 21
Cheshire 25
Cornwall 2
Cumberland 6
Derby. 14
Devon. 24
Dorset. 21
Durham 19
Essex 48
Gloucester 46
Hereford 15
Hertford 10
Huntingdon 16
Kent 60
Lancashire 26
Leicester 19
Lincolnsh. 76
Middlesex 12
Monmouth 0
Norfolk 97
Northampton 35
Northumberland 48
Nottingham 22
Oxford 31
Rutland 4
Salop 34
Somerset 45
Southampton 33
Stafford 19
Suffolk 56
Surrey 18
Sussex 68
Warwick 31
Westmoreland 2
Wilts 25
Worcester 13
York (3 Ridings) 127

There are two slight causes of inaccuracy to be borne in mind in using the foregoing tables: the first arises from the insertion of names which probably do not, the other from the omission of names which probably do, belong to this class. But I think these two errors may nearly balance one another, and that they do not interfere with the general correctness of the results.

It is remarkable how many of these names still stand _alone_, without any addition of -wíc, -hám, -worðig, or similar words. The total number of patronymical names thus found (in the nominative plural) is 190, or very nearly one-seventh of the whole; they are thus distributed: in Kent, 25; Norfolk and Sussex each 24; Essex 21; Suffolk 15; Yorkshire 13; Lincoln 7; Southampton 6; Berks and Surrey, 5 each; Bedfordshire, Lancashire, Middlesex and Northampton, 4 each; Hertford, Huntingdon, Northumberland and Nottingham, 3 each; Cambridge, Derby, Dorset, Gloucester and Oxford, 2 each; Bucks, Devon, Leicester, Salop, Somerset, Warwick, and Wilts, 1 each; and none at all in the remaining ten counties. When now we consider that of 190 such places, 140 are found in the counties on the eastern and southern coasts; and that 22 more are in counties easily accessible through our great navigable streams, we shall be led to admit the possibility of these having been the original seats of the Marks bearing these names; and the further possibility of the settlements distinguished by the addition of -hám, -wíc and so forth to these original names, having been filial settlements, or as it were colonies, from them. It also seems worthy of remark that they are hardly found to the north of the Humber, or about 53° 40´ N. Lat., which renders it probable that the prevailing mode of emigration was to take advantage of a N.E. wind to secure a landing in the Wash, and thence coast southward and westward as far as circumstances required. Sailors, who in the ninth century could find their way from Norway to Iceland in sufficient numbers to colonize that island, who in the tenth could extend their course from Iceland to Greenland, and who had noble spirit enough to confront the perils of the Polar ocean rather than submit to oppression at home, were not likely to find any insurmountable difficulty in a voyage from the Elbe or Skager Rack to England: and the conquest of the Orkneys and Hebrides, of the south of Ireland and Man, nay of large tracts of England by the Scandinavians in the ninth, tenth and following centuries, may supply the means of judging how similar adventures were conducted by populations of the same race, and as noble spirit, nine hundred or a thousand years before.

The following additions may be made to the evidences given in this chapter.

A _marked_ linden or lime-tree is noticed in Cod. Dipl. No. 1317. Again in Kent we hear of earnes beám, the eagle’s tree, _ibid._ No. 287: it is more probable that this was a tree marked with the figure of an eagle, than that a real bird of that species should have been meant. Further in the boundary of the charter No. 393 we have, on ðán merkeden ók, to the _marked oak_.

The sacred woods are again mentioned by Tacitus, Annal, i. 59, where he tells us that Arminius hung up the captured Roman ensigns to the gods of the country, in the woods, _lucis_: we hang them up in cathedrals. See also Tac. Germ, vii., Annal. iv. 22.

The character of the Mark or March is very evident in the following passage: “Siquidem in Lindeseia superiori extat prioratus qui Marchby dicitur, longas ac latas pasturas pro gregibus alendis inhabitans, non omnino privato iure, sed communem cum compatriotis libertatem ex dono patronorum participans,” etc. Chron. Lanerc. an. 1289. See also the quotations from the Indiculus Pagan. and Synod. Leptin. an. 742, in Möser, Osnab. i. 52, and the whole of his twenty-ninth chapter, for the religious rites with which boundaries were dedicated, especially vol. i. p. 58, note _c_.

It is more than one could now undertake to do, without such local co-operation as is not to be expected in England as yet, but I am certain that the ancient Marks might still be traced. In looking over a good county map we are surprised by seeing the systematic succession of places ending in -den, -holt, -wood, -hurst, -fold, and other words which invariably denote forests and outlying pastures in the woods. _These are all in the Mark_, and within them we may trace with equal certainty, the -háms, -túns, -worðigs and -stedes which imply settled habitations. There are few counties which are not thus distributed into districts, whose limits may be assigned by the observation of these peculiar characteristics. I will lay this down as a rule, that the ancient Mark is to be recognised by following the names of places ending in -den (neut.), which always denoted _cubile ferarum_, or pasture, usually for swine. Denu, a valley (fem.), a British and not Saxon word, is very rarely, perhaps never, found in composition. The actual surface of the island, wherever the opportunity has been given of testing this hypothesis, confirms its history. But there are other remarkable facts bearing upon this subject, which are only to be got at by those who are fortunate enough to have free access to manorial records, before the act of Charles II. destroyed all feudal services in England. A striking example of the mark-jurisdiction is the “Court of Dens,” in Kent. This appears to have been a mark-court, in the sense in which mark-court is used throughout this second chapter, and which gradually became a lord’s court, only when the head markman succeeded in raising himself at the expense of his fellows: a court of the little marks, marches, or pastures in Kent, long after the meaning of such marks or marches had been forgotten: a court which in earlier times met to regulate the rights of the markmen in the _dens_ or pastures. I am indebted (among many civilities, which I gratefully acknowledge) to the Rev. L. Larking of Ryarsh for the following extracts from Sir Roger Twisden’s journal, which throw some light upon what the court had become in the middle of the seventeenth century, but still show its existence, and lead us to a knowledge of its ancient form.

The reader who feels how thoroughly English liberty has become grounded in the struggles between the duties and privileges of various classes, how entirely the national right has been made up and settled by the conflict of private rights, how impossible it was for the union of empire and freedom to exist,—or for _imperium_ and freedom to co-exist, without the battle in which the several autocracies measured their forces and discovered the just terms of compromise,—will value this record of the reluctance with which a staunch country squire submitted to the duties of his position. It is not only amusing, but instructive, to watch these men of the seventeenth century, fighting on the minutest grounds of squabble: very amusing, to those who take the world as it is, to have been always as it is, and likely always so to remain: very instructive to those who know the miserable condition from which such “squabbles” have raised us. There are people, who having no sense of right, but a profound sense of the wrong done _them_, raise barricades, and overturn dynasties in moments of irrepressible and pardonable excitement: there are people on the other hand who steadily and coolly measure right and wrong, who take to the law-book rather than the sword, who argue the question of ship-money, on which a system of government depends, as calmly as if it were a question of poor-rates in a parish attorney’s hands, and having brought their right, the ancient right of the land, into light, fall back into the orderly frame of society in which they lived before, as if no years of desperate struggle had intervened,—the law being vindicated, and the work of the workmen done. This work without distinction of Parliamentarian or King’s Man was done by the Seldens and the Twisdens, and men of more general note and name, but not more claim to our gratitude and respect. But to do this, required that study which unhappily our English gentlemen no longer think absolutely necessary to their education, the study of the law, of which they are the guardians, though a professional class may be its ministers; and most amusing now it is to see how zealously these old champions of the law did battle in its defence, even in the most minute and now unimportant details. It was then a happy thing for England that there were courts of Dens, and squires who did not like them: it is now an admirable thing for England that there are courts of all sorts and descriptions, and people who do not like them, who are constantly trying their right against them, constantly winning and losing at the great game of law, or perhaps the greater game, of the forms under which law is administered,—litigious people,—people liking to argue the right and the wrong in a strict form of logic, the legal form; who are always arguing, and therefore never fighting. If there had not been courts of Dens to argue about,—and unhappily, at last, to fight about,—there would most certainly not now be a “High Court of Parliament,” for there would never have been those who knew how to establish it. The country-gentlemen of the seventeenth century appeal to the experience of the nineteenth, in every land but this of England, whose steady, legal order the country-gentlemen of the seventeenth century founded; and the grateful middle class of the nineteenth century in no country but this respond to that appeal in this year 1848, by declaring that no force, whether of king or not of king, shall be known in England, except that of the law,—the great and ancient law,—that all associations of men are united in a guarantee of mutual peace and security.

It is now time to return to Sir R. Twisden and the Court of Dens. It appears that this was held at Aldington, and that it claimed jurisdiction over a considerable space. If we follow the main road from Hythe to Maidstone, a little to the north of Aldington[837], and running to the east of Boughton, we find a tract of country extending to the borders of Sussex and filled with places ending in -den, or -hurst; this country of the Dens runs exactly where we should expect to find it, viz. along the edge of the Weald, within whose shades the _swains_ found mast and pasture. I will enumerate a few of the places so named: they can readily be found on a good map of Kent, and form a belt of mark or forest round the cultivated country, quite independent of the woods which once lay between village and village.

Ashenden. Castleden. Bainden. Chiddenden. Benenden. Cottenden, _Sussex_. Bethersden. Cowden. Biddenden. Frittenden. Godden. Greenhurst, _Sussex_. Hazleden. Hawkhurst. Hernden. Henhurst. Hiffenden. Hophurst, _Sussex_. Hollenden. Lamberhurst. Horsmonden. Midhurst, _Sussex_. Iden, _Sussex_. Nuthurst, _Sussex_. Marden, _Sussex_. Penhurst, _Sussex_. Newenden, Penshurst. Rolvenden. Sandhurst. Romden. Shadoxhurst. Smarden. Shiphurst. Surrenden. Sinkhurst. Tenterden. Sissinghurst. Wisenden. Speldhurst. Staplehurst. Ashurst. Ticehurst, _Sussex_. Billinghurst, _Sussex_. Wadhurst, _Sussex_. Collinghurst, _Sussex_. Warminghurst, _Sussex_. Crowhurst, _Sussex_. Dodhurst. Alfold, _Sussex_. Duckhurst. Arnisfold, _Sussex_. Ewhurst, _Sussex_. Cowfold, _Sussex_. Fenchurst. Chiddingfold, _Surrey_. Goudhurst. Shinfold, _Sussex_.

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Footnote 837:

Aldington is about 57´ east of Greenwich.

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It is not likely that all these various places, the list of which might be greatly increased, were ever reduced under one judicial unity; but, even with the aid of Sussex, I have been able to mention only twenty-five _dens_, and we know that at least thirty-two, if not forty-four, were subject to the court of Aldington.

The entries in Twisden’s Journal are to the following effect:—

“18th September 1655. I was at Aldyngton Court, at the chusing the officers to gather the Lord’s Rent, where grew a question, whither, if the Lord released our Rent, Sute, and Service, to the Court, we were subject to the slavery of attendance, and whither the Tenants could prescribe men, &c., &c., &c., or impose an office upon them,—and it was the whole resolution of the Court, the Lord might sell his quit-rents and all manner of attendance on the Court, and then he could not be tyed to any office, nor the Tenants impose any office upon him....

“The 16th September 1656, I went to Aldyngton Court, but came too late, there beeing layd on me the office for collecting the 32 Denns, for my land in them. I desired to know what land it was ... in the 32 Dens upon which the office was laid, but this I could not learn ... the issue was, that if they can name the land or descry it, I am to do it,—if not, I refused to gather it.”

“1658. I was at Aldynton Court again, and then there was much stir about this land which could not bee found. I still insisted the Denne of Plevynden held of Wye, that the 16_s._ 2_d._ _ob._ I payd was for light money in time past. The Conclusion was, They will distrain me if they can find the land, and then come to a trial in their Court which is held at Smethe.”

“1659. I was at Aldington Court, where I came before the Steward sate, yet were they then chusing for the 32 Denns, and Mr. Short brought me a note for chusing Mr. John Maynard, Serg^t at Law ... he was not chosen after the ancient custom of the Court, that is, to present two to the Steward, and he to take one.... The tenants of the 12 Denns pretended if it were sometime a Custom it had been long interrupted, and refused to follow the example of the 32 ... after dinner, this grew a great dispute, Mr. Short complaining of partiality, that the choice of one man was received for the 12 and not for the 32 Dennes. This drew on the manner of chusing of the 32 Dennes, which was, that they usually met at 9 o’clock long before the Steward himself could reach the Court, made choice of one man before there was a Court.... This brought forth an excellent order, that the Denns should chuse and present the person by them chosen after the manner the other Culets did.... Coming away, the Bailiff told me he had a writ to distreyn me for the rent of the 32 Denns. I told him I had no land held of it that I knew.... Sir Edward Sydnam, Lord of the Manor, and who is to answer the rents to the Exchequer, told me I would be distreyned for it,—my answer was, I was not willing to make my land chargeable with a burthen more than my ancestors had paid—that there was a Court of Survey to be kept in the Spring,—that if I could not then discharge myself of having land, held of the 32 Denns, I would and must pay it.”

“Aldington Court. 1664. S^r John Maynard Serg^t at Law was chosen to the Great Office though it were affirmed, he being Kings Serg^t would procure a discharge. The order before mentioned of 6_s._ 8_d._ for such Culets as received from the Steward a transcript of what they were to collect, and 10_s._ for the Great Office was at this Court willingly assented to.”

This determined refusal of a Markgraviat in the Mark of Kent is amusing enough; the Alberts, Berchtholds and Luitpolts did not make quite so much difficulty about Brandenburg, Baden or Ancona. How the dispute ended I do not know, but the right was not in question: all that Sir Roger doubted was its applicability to himself. Still the nature of the jurisdiction seems clear enough, and the transition of an old Mark Court into a Lord’s Court, with a steward, is obvious from the custom of the Tenants chusing “before the Steward himself could reach the Court;” the abolition of which, Sir Roger naturally considered an excellent thing.