Chapter CII: Book VI (2)

"Between the acts the curtain rose for a _divertisement_, in which the incomparable Taglioni made her appearance. She was greeted with the loudest demonstrations of popularity from her numerous patrons, which she acknowledged by several graceful courtesies. 'Behold!' said Mephistopheles, directing my attention to the evolutions of the dancer, 'the progress of civilization. If all this were not so graceful it would be indecent, and that such an exhibition has a moral tendency is more than doubtful. Look at that young girl in the pit. She has seen sufficient to crimson her face, neck, and shoulders with a blush of shame, and she hides her head from a sight which has shocked her sense of decency. There is no affectation there. She is an innocent girl fresh from the country who never saw a ballet in her life. Yet all the rest, man, woman and child, gaze on delighted. Every glass is raised the more closely to watch the motions of the figurante. Look!--she makes a succession of vaults, and her scanty drapery flying above her hips discloses to her enraptured admirers the beauty of her limbs. A thousand hands beat each other in approbation. Now she pirouettes, and observe the tumult of applause which follows. She stands on her left foot, on the point of her great toe nail, extending her right leg until the top of her foot is in a parallel line with the crown of her head. In this position she bends with an appearance of the greatest ease, till her body nearly touches the ground, and then gradually rises with the same infinite grace amid enthusiastic bravos and ecstatic applause. Now on her tip-toe, her right leg still extended, she moves slowly round, liberally extending to all her patrons within sight the most favorable opportunity of scrutinizing the graces of her figure, while the whole house testify their infinite gratification at the sight by every species of applause. Again she comes from the back of the stage, turning round and round with the speed of a tetotum but with an indescribable and fascinating grace that seems to turn the head of every young man in the theatre. During the storm of approbation which ensues she stands near the footlights, smiling, courtseying, and looking as modest as an angel. Then comes Perrot, who is as much the idol of the ladies as Taglioni is the goddess of the gentlemen. He leaps about as if his feet were made of India rubber, and spins around as if he intended to bore a hole with his toe in the floor of the stage. Then a little pantomime love business takes place between the danseur and the danseuse, and they twirl away, and glide along, and hold eloquent discourse with their pliant limbs; and the affair ends by the gentleman clasping the lady round the waist, while he, bending his body in the most graceful attitude, so that his head shall come under her left arm, looks up in apparent ecstacy into her smiling face as the lady raised high above him on the extreme point of her left foot, extends her right hand at right angles with her body, and looks down admiringly upon her companion. Thus grouped the curtain drops, and every one cries _bravo!_ thumps the floor with his stick, or beats his palms together till such a din is raised as is absolutely deafening.'

"'She is a charming dancer,' I observed.

"'Yes'--replied he--'she understands the philosophy of her art better than any of her contemporaries; it is to throw around sensuality such a coloring of refinement as will divest it of its grossness. For this she is paid a hundred pounds a night, and is allowed two benefits in the season which generally average a thousand pounds each. While you are thus liberal to a dancer, some of the worthiest of your ministers of religion receive about fifty pounds per annum for wearing out their lives for the good of your souls; and many of your most exalted men of genius are left to starve. Such is the consistency of human nature.'"

* * * * *

_The District School, or National Education, by J. Orville Taylor. Third Edition. Philadelphia: Carey, Lea & Blanchard._ This work has met with universal approbation, and is worthy of it. The book was first published only a short time ago, and the third impression will speedily be exhausted, as parents have a direct personal concern in the matter, and in the important truths, duties, and responsibilities, herein pointed out. Mr. Taylor is entitled to the gratitude of his countrymen for that beneficial impulse which his work has been, and will be the means of giving to the great cause of General Education. "If a parent," says Mr. Taylor, "does not educate his child--the world will." We sincerely hope so. As the _District School_ now appears it has been entirely re-written, and such alterations and additions made as the experience of the author suggested. We heartily wish it all the success it so eminently deserves.

* * * * *

_The New England Magazine for September_ is unusually rich. Among its numerous and very excellent articles we would particularly notice a paper called "My Journal"--and more especially Scraps of Philosophy and Criticism from a recent work of Victor Hugo's. One of these Scraps _on Style_, we are sure we shall be pardoned for extracting.

"If the name here inscribed were a name of note--if the voice which speaks here were a voice of power--we would entreat the young and brilliant talents on which depends the future lot of a literature for three ages so magnificent to reflect how important is their mission, and to preserve in their _manner_ of writing the most worthy and severe habitudes. The Future--let them think well of it--belongs only to the masters of _style_. Without referring to the admirable works of antiquity, and confining ourselves to our National Literature, try to take from the _thought_ of our great writers the expression which is peculiar to it. Take from Moliere his lively, ardent, frank, and amusing verse, so well made, so well turned, so well finished--take from Lafontaine the simple and honest perfection of detail--take from the phrase of Corneille the vigorous muscle, the strong cords, the beautiful forms of exaggerated vigor, which would have made of the old poet half Roman, half Spanish, the Michael Angelo of our tragedy if the elements of genius had mingled as much fancy as thought--take from Racine that touch in his style which resembles Raphael, a touch chaste, harmonious, and repressed like that of Raphael, although of an inferior power--quite as pure but less grand, as perfect though less sublime--take from Fenelon, the man of his age who had the best sentiment of antiquity, that prose as melodious and severe as the verse of Racine of which it is the sister--take from Bossuet the magnificent bearing of his periods--take from Boileau his grave and sober manner at times so admirably colored--take from Pascal that original and mathematical style with so much appropriateness in the choice of words, and so much logic in every metaphor--take from Voltaire that clear, solid, and indestructible prose, that crystal prose of Candide, and the Philosophical Dictionary--take from all these great writers that simple attraction--_style_: and of Voltaire, of Pascal, of Boileau, of Bossuet, of Fenelon, of {778} Racine, of Corneille, of Lafontaine, of Moliere--of all these masters what will remain? It is _style_ which insures duration to the work, and fame to the poet. Beauty of expression embellishes beauty of thought, and preserves it. It is at the same time an ornament and an armor. _Style_ to the idea is like enamel to the tooth."

* * * * *

_The Western Journal of the Medical and Physical Sciences, edited by Daniel Drake, M.D. Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine in Cincinnati College, and formerly Professor of the same in Transylvania University, and the Jefferson Medical College. Doctors C. R. Cooper and S. Reed, Assistant Editors and Proprietors. Vol. IX, No. 33._ We have received this Journal with the greatest pleasure, and avail ourselves of the present opportunity to express our opinion concerning it. It is an invaluable addition to our Medical and Scientific Literature, and at the same time one of the very cheapest publications in the country, each number containing 168 pages of closely printed matter, and the subscription price being only $3 per annum. The work is issued on the first day of July, October, January, and April, and has lately been incorporated with the Western Medical Gazette. We sincerely wish the publication every possible success--for it is well worthy of it. Its typographical and mechanical execution altogether are highly creditable to Cincinnati, and the able and well known collaborators, a list of whose names is upon the opening page of each number, and whose editorial offices are engaged in the service of the Journal, will not fail to impart a sterling character and value to the Medical, as well as purely Literary portions of the work. We take the liberty of extracting from page 79, of the present number, (that for July) an interesting account of a cure of partial spontaneous combustion, occurring in the person of Professor H. of the University of Nashville. The portion extracted is contained in a Review of _An Essay on Spontaneous Combustion, read before the Medical Society in the State of Tennessee, at their annual meeting in May 1835. By James Overton, M.D._

"Prof. H., of the University of Nashville, is a gentleman 35 years old, of middle size, light hair, hazle eyes, and sanguinolymphatic temperament; he has been extremely temperate as to alcoholic stimulation of every kind; led a sedentary and studious life; and been subject to a great variety of dyspeptic affections. On the 5th of January, 1835, he left his recitation room at 11 o'clock, A. M., and walked briskly, with his surtout buttoned round him, to his residence, three quarters of a mile. The thermometer was at 8°, and the barometer at 29.248--the sky clear and calm. On reaching home he engaged in meteorological observations, and in 30 minutes, while in the open air about to record the direction of the winds--

"'He felt a pain as if produced by the pulling of a hair, on the left leg, and which amounted in degree to a strong sensation. Upon applying his hand to the spot pained, the sensation suddenly increased, till it amounted in intensity to a feeling resembling the continued sting of a wasp or hornet. He then began to slap the part by repeated strokes with the open hand, during which time the pain continued to increase in intensity, so that he was forced to cry out from the severity of his suffering. Directing his eyes at this moment to the suffering part, he distinctly saw a light flame of the extent, at its base, of a ten cent piece of coin, and having a complexion which nearest resembles that of pure quicksilver. Of the accuracy in this latter feature in the appearance of the flame, Mr. H. is very confident, notwithstanding the unfavorable circumstances amidst which the observation must have been made. As soon as he perceived the flame, he applied over it both his hands open, united at their edges, and closely impacted upon and around the burning surface. These means were employed by Mr. H. for the purpose of extinguishing the flame by the exclusion of the contact of the atmosphere, which he knew was necessary to the continuance of every combustion. The result was in conformity with the design, for the flame immediately went out. As soon as the flame was extinguished, the pain began to abate in intensity, but still continued, and gave the sensation usually the effect of a slight application of heat or fire to the body, which induced him to seize his pantaloons with one of his hands and to pinch them up into a conical form over the injured part of the leg, thereby to remove them from any contact with the skin below. This operation was continued for a minute or two, with a design of extinguishing any combustion which might be present in the substance of his apparel, but which was not visible at the time. At the beginning of the accident, the sensation of injury was confined to a spot of small diameter, and in its progress the pain was still restricted to this spot, increasing in intensity and depth to a considerable extent, but without much if any enlargement of the surface which it occupied at the beginning. A warmth was felt to a considerable distance around the spot primarily affected, but the sensation did not by any means amount in degree to the feeling of _pain_. This latter sensation was almost, if not entirely confined to the narrow limits which bounded the seat of the first attack, and this sensation was no otherwise modified during the progress of the accident, than by its increasing intensity and deeper penetration into the muscles of the limb, which at its greatest degree seemed to sink an inch or more into the substance of the leg.

"'Believing the combustion to have been extinguished by the means just noticed, and the pain having greatly subsided, leaving only the feeling usually the effect of a slight burn, he untied and pulled up his pantaloons and drawers, for the purpose of ascertaining the condition of the part which had been the seat of his suffering. He found a surface on the outer and upper part of the left leg, reaching from the femoral end of the fibula in an oblique direction, towards the upper portion of the grastrochnemi muscles, about three-fourths of an inch in width, and three inches in length, denuded of the scarfskin, and this membrane gathered into a roll at the lower edge of the abraded surface. The injury resembled very exactly in appearance an abrasion of the skin of like extent and depth, often the effect of slight mechanical violence, except that the surface of it was extremely _dry_, and had a complexion more livid than that of wounds of a similar extent produced by the action of mechanical causes.' pp. 25-26.

"His drawers, composed of silk and wool, immediately over the abraded skin, were burnt entirely through, but the scorching had not extended in the slightest degree beyond. The pantaloons, made of broadcloth, were uninjured; but over the affected spot, the extremities of the wool were tinged with a kind of dark, yellowish matter, which could be easily scraped off with a knife.

"'Considering the injury not to be of a serious character, Mr. H. bestowed upon its treatment no particular care or attention, but pursued his usual avocations within doors and in the open air, which was very cold, until the evening of the succeeding day. At this time the wound became inflamed and painful, and was dressed with a salve, into the composition of which the rosin of turpentine entered in considerable proportion. This treatment was continued for four or five days, during which time the wound presented the usual aspect of a burn from ordinary causes, except in its greater depth and more tardy progress towards cicatrization, which did not take place till after thirty-two days from the date of the infliction of the injury. The part of the ulcer which healed last was the point of inception and {779} intensity of the pain at the time of attack, and which point was evidently the seat of deeper injury than any other portion of the wounded surface. About the fifth day after the accident, a physician was requested to take charge of the treatment, and the remedies employed were such chiefly, as are usual in the treatment of burns from other causes, except that twice a week the surface of the ulcer was sprinkled over with calomel, and a dressing of simple cerate applied above it. In the space between the wound and the groin there was a considerable soreness of the integuments to the touch, which continued during the greatest violence of the effects of the accident, and then gradually subsided. The cicatrix is at this time, March 24th, entire; but the surface is unusually scabrous, and has a much more livid aspect than that of similar scars left after the infliction of burns from common causes. The dermis seemed to have been less perfectly regenerated than is usual from burns produced by ordinary means, and the circulation through the part is manifestly impeded, apparently in consequence of atony of its vessels, to an extent far beyond any thing of a similar nature to be observed after common burns.'" pp. 27-28.

* * * * *

_The Classical Family Library. Numbers XV, XVI, and XVII. Euripides translated by the Reverend R. Potter, Prebendary of Norwich. Harper & Brothers, New York._ These three volumes embrace the whole of Euripides--Æschylus and Sophocles having already been published in the Library. A hasty glance at the work will not enable us to speak positively in regard to the value of these translations. The name of Potter, however, is one of high authority, and we have no reason to suspect that he has not executed his task as well as any man living could have done it. But that these, or that any poetic versions can convey to the mind of the merely general reader the most remote conception of either the manner, the spirit, or the meaning of the Greek dramatists, is what Mr. Potter does not intend us to believe, and what we certainly should not believe if he did. At all events, it must be a subject of general congratulation, that in the present day, for a sum little exceeding three dollars, any lover of the classics may possess himself of complete versions of the three greatest among the ancient Greek writers of tragedy.

Ardent admirers of Hellenic Literature, we have still no passion for Euripides. Truly great when compared with many of the moderns, he falls immeasurably below his immediate predecessors. "He is admirable," says a German critic, "where the object calls chiefly for emotion, and requires the display of no higher qualities; and he is still more so where pathos and moral beauty are united. Few of his pieces are without particular passages of the most overpowering beauty. It is by no means my intention to deny him the possession of the most astonishing talents: I have only stated that these talents were not united with a mind in which the austerity of moral principle, and the sanctity of religious feelings were held in the highest honor."

The life, essence, and characteristic qualities of the ancient Greek drama may be found in three things. First, in the ruling idea of Destiny or Fate. Secondly, in the Chorus. Thirdly, in Ideality. But in Euripides we behold only the decline and fall of that drama, and the three prevailing features we have mentioned are in him barely distinguishable, or to be seen only in their perversion. What, for example is, with Sophocles, and still more especially with Æschylus, the obscure and terrible spirit of predestination, sometimes mellowed down towards the catastrophe of their dramas into the unseen, yet not unfelt hand of a kind Providence, or overruling God, becomes in the handling of Euripides the mere blindness of accident, or the capriciousness of chance. He thus loses innumerable opportunities--opportunities which his great rivals have used to so good an effect--of giving a preternatural and ideal elevation to moral fortitude in the person of his heroes, by means of opposing them in a perpetual warfare with the arbitrations and terrors of Destiny.

Again; the Chorus, which appears never to have been thoroughly understood by the moderns--the Chorus of Euripides is not, alas! the Chorus of his predecessors. That this singular, or at least apparently singular feature, in the Greek drama, was intended for the mere purpose of preventing the stage from being, at any moment entirely empty, has been an opinion very generally, and very unaccountably received. _The Chorus was not, at any time, upon the stage._ Its general station was in the orchestra, in which it also performed the solemn dances, and walked to and fro during the choral songs. And when it did not sing, its proper station was upon the _thymele_, an elevation somewhat like an altar, but with steps, in front of the orchestra, raised as high as the stage, and opposite to the scene--being also in the very centre of the entire theatre, and serving as a point around which the semi-circle of the amphitheatre was described. Most critics, however, have merely laughed at the Chorus as something superfluous and absurd, urging the folly of enacting passages supposed to be performed in secret in the presence of an assembled crowd, and believing that as it originated in the infancy of the art, it was continued merely through caprice or accident. Sophocles, however, wrote a treatise on the Chorus, and assigned his reasons for persisting in the practice. Aristotle says little about it, and that little affords no clew to its actual meaning or purpose. Horace considers it "a general expression of moral participation, instruction, and admonition;" and this opinion, which is evidently just, has been adopted and commented upon, at some length, by Schlegel. Publicity among the Greeks, with their republican habits and modes of thinking, was considered absolutely essential to all actions of dignity or importance. Their dramatic poetry imbibed the sentiment, and was thus made to display a spirit of conscious independence. The Chorus served to give verisimilitude to the dramatic action, and was, in a word, _the ideal spectator_. It stood in lieu of the national spirit, and represented the general participation of the human race, in the events going forward upon the stage. This was its most extended, and most proper object; but it had others of a less elevated nature, and more nearly in accordance with the spirit of our own melo-drama.

But the Chorus of Euripides was not the true and unadulterated Chorus of the purer Greek tragedy. It is even more than probable that he did never rightly appreciate its full excellence and power, or give it any portion of his serious attention. He made no scruple of admitting the _parabasis_ into his tragedies[1]--a license which although well suited to the spirit of comedy, was entirely out of place, and must have had a ludicrous {780} effect in a serious drama. In some instances also, among which we may mention the Danaidæ, a female Chorus is permitted by him to make use of grammatical inflexions proper only for males.

[Footnote 1: The _parabasis_ was the privilege granted the Chorus of addressing the spectators in its own person.]

In respect to the Ideality of the Greek drama, a few words will be sufficient. It was the Ideality of conception, and the Ideality of representation. Character and manners were never the character and manners of every day existence, but a certain, and very marked elevation above them. Dignity and grandeur enveloped each personage of the stage--but such dignity as comported with his particular station, and such grandeur as was never at _outrance_ with his allotted part. And this was the Ideality of conception. The cothurnus, the mask, the mass of drapery, all so constructed and arranged as to give an increase of bodily size, the scenic illusions of a nature very different, and much more extensive than our own, inasmuch as actual realities were called in to the aid of art, were on the other hand the Ideality of representation. But although in Sophocles, and more especially in Æschylus, character and expression were made subservient and secondary to this ideal and lofty elevation--in Euripides the reverse is always found to be the case. His heroes are introduced familiarly to the spectators, and so far from raising his men to the elevation of Divinities, his Divinities are very generally lowered to the most degrading and filthy common-places of an earthly existence. But we may sum up our opinion of Euripides far better in the words of Augustus William Schlegel, than in any farther observations of our own.

"This poet has at the same time destroyed the internal essence of tragedy, and sinned against the laws of beauty and proportion in its external structure. He generally sacrifices the whole to the effect of particular parts, and in these he is also more ambitious of foreign attractions, than of genuine poetical beauty."

* * * * *

_The Early Naval History of England. By Robert Southey, L.L.D. Poet Laureate. Philadelphia: Carey, Lea & Blanchard._ The early naval history of England, and by so fine a writer as Southey undoubtedly is, either in poetry or prose, but more especially in the latter, cannot fail of exciting a lively interest among readers of every class. In the subject matter of this work we, as Americans, have moreover a particular feeling, for it has been often remarked that in no national characteristic do we bear a closer analogy to our progenitors in Great Britain than in the magnificence and glory of our many triumphs both over and upon the sea. To those who know Southey well, and we sincerely hope there are not a few of our readers who _do_ know him intimately, through the medium of his writings at least, we shall be under no necessity of giving any assurance that the History of which we are now speaking, is a work of no common merit, and worthy of all their attention. Southey is a writer who has few equals any where, either in purity of truly English prose, or in melody of immortal verse. He is great in every department of Literature which he has attempted. And even did we feel inclined at present, with his very happily executed Naval History before us, to quarrel with some of his too zealous friends for overrating his merely poetical abilities, we could not find it in our hearts to place him second to any one--no, not to our own noble Irving in--we will not use the term classical, but prefer repeating our former expression--in _truly English_, undefiled, vigorous, and masculine prose. Yet this the North American Review has ventured to do, not having, we think, before its eyes the fear of flat and positive contradiction from all authorities whose opinions are entitled to consideration. Comparisons of this nature, moreover, rarely fail of _appearing_, even although they really _be not_, invidious; and in the present instance we are really aware of no reason, or rather of no possibility for juxta-position. There are no points of approximation between Irving and Southey, and they cannot be compared. Why not say at once, for it could be said as wisely, and as satisfactorily, that Dante's verse is superior to that of Metastasio--that the Latin of Erasmus is better than the Latin of Buchanan--that Bolingbroke is a finer prose writer than Horne Tooke, or coming home to our own times, that Tom Moore is to be preferred to Lord Brougham, and the style of N. P. Willis to the style of John Neal? We mean to deal, therefore, in generalities, when we disagree with Mr. Everett in what he has advanced. Irving is _not_ a better prose writer than Southey. We know of no one who is. In saying thus much we do not fear being accused of a deficiency in patriotic feeling. No true--we mean no sensible American will like a bad book the better for being American, and on the other hand no sensible man of any country, who pretends to even common freedom from prejudice, will esteem such a work as the Naval History of Great Britain the less for being written by a denizen of any region under the sun.

* * * * *

_The Gift: A Christmas and New Year's Present for 1836. Edited by Miss Leslie. Philadelphia: E. L. Carey and A. Hart_--We are really sorry that we have no opportunity of noticing this beautiful little Annual at length, and article by article, in our present number: and this the more especially as the edition is even now nearly exhausted, and it will be hardly worth while to say any thing concerning the work in our next, by which time we are very sure there will not be a copy to be obtained at any price. The Gift is highly creditable to the enterprise of its publishers, and more so to the taste and talents of Miss Leslie. This we say _positively_--the ill-mannered and worse-natured opinion of the Boston Courier to the contrary notwithstanding. Never had Annual a brighter galaxy of illustrious literary names in its table of contents--and in no instance has any contributor fallen below his or her general reputation. The embellishments are _not all_ of a high order of excellence. The Orphans, for example, engraved by Thomas B. Welch from a painting by J. Wood, is hard and scratchy in manner, and altogether unworthy of the book--while the head of the child in the Prawn Fishers, engraved by A. W. Graham from a painting by W. Collins, R.A. has every appearance of a cabbage. But the portrait of Fanny Kemble by Cheney, from Sully, is one of the finest things in the world, notwithstanding a certain wiriness above the hair. The likeness is admirable--the attitude exquisite--and the countenance is beaming all over with intelligence. The gem of the book, however, is the Smuggler's Repose, engraved by W. E. Tucker from a painting by J. Tennant. We repeat it, this is absolutely a gem--such as any Souvenir in any country might be proud to possess, and sufficient of itself to stamp a high character upon the Gift.

{781}

INDEX

To Volume I of the Southern Literary Messenger.

PROSE.

A

Abolition of Southern Slavery--how regarded in New England 87

Adams' and Everett's Eulogies on La Fayette, reviewed 307

Address, Mr. Garnett's, on Associations to promote Education 282

Address, Mrs. Sigourney's, on Female Education 169

Address, President Olin's Inaugural, reviewed 15

Address, President Vethake's Inaugural, reviewed 585

Adventures of Harry Humbug, Esq. 772

Advice to Law Students 33, 34

Advice from a Father to his only Daughter 187

Affectation, Thoughts on 365

Alleghany Levels, described 97

Ambitious Lawyer, Memoir of an 645

American Churches, Visit to, by Doctors Reed and Matheson, notice of
714

American Literature, its impediments 220

American Novels, recent--The Insurgents 478

Anecdotes of Patrick Henry 332

Annals of Education, recommended 205

Athens, a few days in, by Fanny Wright, notice of 715

Aunts, my two 189

Autobiography of Pertinax Placid, extracts from 617, 706

B

Bancroft's History of the U. S. vol I. reviewed 587

Bashful Gentleman 429

Bathmendi, a Persian Tale, from the French of M. Florian 377

Beauties of the Court of Charles II. by Mrs. Jameson, reviewed 312

Belford Regis, by Miss Mitford, noticed 651

Berenice, a Tale, by Edgar A. Poe 333

Black Watch, the, noticed 714

Blackbeard, a Philadelphia Story, notice of 595

Blackstone, Judge, a Poet 315

Blackstone's Commentaries, a note to 227
Remarks on that note 266
Reply to the remarks 388

Bon-Bon, a Tale, by Edgar A. Poe 693

Browne, P. A.--Hints to Geological Students 162, 300
Essay on the Mineral Wealth of Virginia 91
Law Case, involving a question in Hydraulics and Hydrostatics 44

Bryant's Poems, notice of 250

Buffon, his theory of the Earth's origin 302

Bulwer, his Pilgrims of the Rhine reviewed 53
Last Days of Pompeii 241
Convicted of Plagiarism 246

Burnet, Thomas, his theory of the Earth 301

Butler, Mrs. (once Miss Kemble) notices of her Journal 459, 524

C

"Calavar, an American Novel," reviewed 315

"Cavaliers of Virginia," reviewed 385

Caucus System, its effects 218
Etymology of "_Caucus_" 455

"Celebrated Trials of all Countries," notice of 458

"Celebrated Women," Madame Junot's Memoirs of, noticed 458

"Chances and Changes," reviewed 649

Chotank, Recollections of 43

Christian Education, Essay on 432

Churches, American, Drs. Reed and Matheson's visit to, noticed 714

Circumstantial Evidence, its danger illustrated by a narrative 142

Classics, thoughts on the study of 213

Classmates, My, a Tale 106

Colonial Manners, a picture of the Maryland House of Burgesses in 1766
138

Common Schools of New England, their benefits 86, 87
Some particulars of their organization 275

"Confessions of a Poet," notice of 459

"Conquest of Florida," (Soto's) notice of 648

Contrast (the) or a Fashionable and Unfashionable New England Wife 290

Conversation Parties, Soirées, and Squeezes, by Oliver Oldschool 547

Cooper, James Fenimore, Letter to his Countrymen, reviewed 648

Cottage in the Glen, a Tale 78

"Court of Charles II," Beauties of, by Mrs. Jameson, reviewed 312

Courtship and Marriage 349

Crayon Miscellany, No. 1, reviewed 456
No. 2 646

Criticism--see "Literary Notices."

Crockett's Tour, notice of 459

Cupid's Sport, a Tale, No. 1 102
No. 2 741

Cyclopean Towers in Augusta County, Virginia--described 98

D

Dagger's Springs, an account of 518

Dancing, Waltzing, &c. by Anthony Absolute 512

Dandyism, ridiculed, by Oliver Oldschool 251

Dargle, the (in Ireland) described 203

Davidson, Miss, review of her Poems 51

Deaf and Dumb Asylum--Review of Gov. Tazewell's Report on 134
Remarks on that Review 201

Dew, Professor, his Dissertation on the Sexes, &c. 493, 621, 672

"Diary of an Ennuyée" by Mrs. Jameson, reviewed 18

Diary of a Revolutionary Officer, extract from 341

Dictionary, Worcester's, notice of 715

Discourse on the Progress and Influence of Philosophy, by Professor
George Tucker 405

Dissertation on the Characteristic Differences of the Sexes, and
Woman's Position and Influence in Society 493, 621, 672

District School, The, notice of 777

Doom, The, a Tale 235

Door-Latch, The 770

Dream and Prediction, remarkable, fulfilled 658

Duel, The 641

Dyspeptic Man 71

E

Early Adventures 761

Editorial Remarks 1, 63, 125, 190, 254, 321, 387, 531, 533, 652

Education, Christian, Essay on 432
Of Infancy 279
Address on, by Mrs. Sigourney 169
Address on Associations for promoting it, by Mr. Garnett 282
Lectures on the obstacles to, by the same 725
Edgeworth's Practical, noticed 459

Eloquence, Pinckney's, account of 94
Essay on 165

English Poetry, Essays on 397, 557

Ennuyée, Diary of, reviewed 18

Epicurus, his Geogony 301

Eulogy on Lafayette, by M. De Boinville 93
By Messrs. Adams and Everett, reviewed 307

Evidence, Circumstantial, its danger illustrated 142

"Example is better than Precept," an Essay 39

Extemporaneous Speaking, Essay on 7

Extracts from my Mexican Journal 276, 435, 700
from a Novel that never will be published 46
from a Journal of a Voyage to Europe 3
from the Autobiography of Pertinax Placid 617, 706

F

Family Library, Classical, notice of 779

Fashionable and Unfashionable N. England Wife 290

Fashionable Parties and late hours, by M. M. Noah 357

Father's Advice to his only Daughter 187

Female Education, Mrs. Sigourney's Address on 169

Few Days in Athens, by Fanny Wright 715

Fine Arts, Essays on the 376, 454, 477

Florian's _Bathmendi_, translated 377

Fourth of July, a rural celebration of it described 156

France, Letters from, by a Sister. See "Leontine's Letters from
France."

Free Governments, their influence on the Mind 389

G

Gallantry, comparative, in the Northern and Southern States 84, 218

Gallopade and Waltz, strictures on, by Oliver Oldschool 426

Garnett's Address, on Associations to promote Education 282
Lectures on the obstacles to Education, &c. 725

Gazetteer of Virginia, notice of 257

Geology, hints to Students of 162, 300

Gift, The, notice of 780

Glimpse at Basil Hall 206

Grave of Forgotten Genius, a Tale, by an Undergraduate 469

Grayson Griffith 605

Guy Rivers, extract from, illustrating the evils of maternal
indulgence and neglect in childhood 280

H

Hall, Captain Basil, a Glimpse at 206

Hamilton, _La Belle_, in Charles II's Court--her charms described 313

Hans Phaal, a Tale, by Edgar A. Poe 565

Heinroth on the Education of Infancy 279

Historical and Philosophical Society of Virginia--its collections 123
Anniversary Meeting 255, 257
Selections from its papers 353, 354, 356
Professor George Tucker's Discourse before 405

History of the U. S. by George Bancroft, reviewed 587

Halloway and Hopkins, eminent lawyers of Virginia when a Colony,
notices of them 353

Hook's Magpie Castle, reviewed 714

Hope and Memory, an Allegory, by Paulding 31

Hopkinson, Judge, his letter to the Editor 322

"Horse-Shoe Robinson," a Novel, by Mr. Kennedy, reviewed 522

Hospitality in New England 166

House Mountain in Virginia, described 472

Hutton, his theory of the Earth's Origin 304

Hydrostatics and Hydraulics, question of, in a Law Case 44

I

Illoray De Courcy, a Novel, notice of 459

Impediments to American Literature 220

Improvisation 7

Indian Feats of Legerdemain 657

Indian Lover, a Tale 393

Indian Mother, a Tale 223

Infancy, Heinroth on the Education of 279

Infancy, evils of neglecting it 280

"Infidel," (The) "or the Fall of Mexico," a Romance, reviewed 582

Influence of Free Governments on the Mind 389

"Insurgents," The, a Novel, reviewed 478

Interesting Ruins on the Rappahannock 9

Ireland, History of, by T. Moore, reviewed 478

Irving, Theodore, History of the Conquest of Florida, reviewed 648

Irving, Washington, Tribute to him, from the North American Review 650

Italian Sketch Book, notice of 594

J

Jameson, Mrs. her Diary of an Ennuyée, reviewed 18
"Visits and Sketches" 250
"Court of Charles II" 312

Jonathan Bull and Mary Bull, a political apologue 342

Journal, my Mexican, Extracts from 276, 435, 700

Journal of a Voyage to Europe, Extracts from 3

Journal of Medical Science, notice of 778

K

Kennedy, John P. his oration in memory of Wm. Wirt, reviewed 16
His Novel, Horse-Shoe Robinson, reviewed 522

King Pest the First, a Tale, containing an Allegory 757

Knowles, James Sheridan, notice of his Tales 18

Kosciusko, Life of, reviewed 596

L

Lacon, Extracts from 72, 124, 358

La Fayette, Eulogy on, by M. De Boinville 93
By Messrs. Adams and Everett, reviewed 307

"Last Days of Pompeii," reviewed 241
Proved to contain a Plagiarism from Fairfield's "Last Night of
Pompeii" 246

"Last NIGHT of Pompeii" _versus_ the "Last DAYS of Pompeii" 246

Latin and Greek Classics, thoughts on the study of 213

Law Case, involving a question of Hydrostatics 44

Law Students, Mr. Wirt's Letter to one 34
Lecture to, by Professor B. Tucker 145
Valedictory to, by the same 601

Lazarus Rust's lament for his name 170

Leaf from a Young American Tourist's Journal (in Italy) 83

Legerdemain, Extraordinary Indian Feats of 657

"Leisure Hours," notice of 189

Leontine's Letters from France 232, 304, 373, 487, 535, 663, 765

LETTERS--from Mr. Wirt, on Law Studies 34
from New England, by a Virginian 85, 166, 217, 273, 421
from France, see "Leontine."
on the U. States, by a Young Scotchman 482, 602
from Judge Hopkinson to the Editor 322
from a correspondent in Shepherdstown 324
from Larry Lyle to that correspondent 388
from the Reviewer of Messrs. Adams' and Everett's Orations 388
from R. H. Wilde, on being charged with Plagiarism 252
from Mr. Paulding to the Editor 1

Leucippus, his system of Cosmogony 301

Lionel Granby 516, 541, 632, 661

Lionizing, a Tale, by Edgar A. Poe 515

Literary Intelligence 715

LITERARY NOTICES.
A Winter in the West, by a New Yorker 459
Adams' and Everett's Orations on the Death of La Fayette 307
Address (Inaugural) of President Olin, at R. M. College, Va. 15
Address of President Vethake, at Washington College, Va. 585
American Quarterly Review 595
American Journal of Science, &c. (Silliman's) 714
American Republication of Foreign Reviews 651
Amir Khan, and other Poems, by Lucretia Maria Davidson 51
Bancroft's History of the United States, vol. i. 587
Beauties of the Court of Charles the 2d, by Mrs. Jamieson 312
Belford Regis, by Miss Mitford 651
Blackbeard 595
Bryant's Poems, new edition 250
Bulwer's Last Days of Pompeii 241
Bulwer's Pilgrims of the Rhine 53
Butler, Mrs. Frances Anne's Journal 459, 524
Calavar, a new American Novel 315
Cavaliers of Virginia, an American Novel 385
Celebrated Trials of all Countries 458
Chances and Changes, a Domestic Story 649
Classical Family Library 779
Confessions of a Poet 459
Conquest of Florida (Hernando Soto's) by Theodore Irving 648
Cooper, James Fenimore's Letter to his Countrymen 18
Crayon Miscellany, No. 1 456
No. 2 (containing Abbottsford and Newstead Abbey) 646
Crockett's Tour to the North and Down East 459
Diary of an Ennuyée, by Mrs. Jameson 18
Dictionary, Worcester's 715
District School 777
Early Naval History of England 780
Edgeworth's Practical Education 459
Few days in Athens, by Fanny Wright 715
German work on America 596
Gift, The 780
Highland Smugglers 459
Horse-Shoe Robinson, by the Author of Swallow Barn 522
Illoray De Courcy, a Novel 459
Infidel, The, or the Fall of Mexico, a Romance 582
Influence, a Moral Tale 458
Italian Sketch Book 594
Knowles' "Magdalen" and other Tales 22
Kosciusko's Life 596
Language of Flowers 459
Last Days of Pompeii 241, 246
Leisure Hours, or the American Popular Library 189
Letters to Young Ladies, by Mrs. Sigourney 715
Life of Napoleon Bonaparte, by Henry Lee 458
Literary Journal 124
Lives of English Pirates, &c. 459
London Quarterly Review 458
Madame Junot's Memoirs of Celebrated Women 458
Magpie Castle, by Theodore Hook 714
Manual of Phrenology 714
Mephistopheles in England 776
Moore's History of Ireland 595
New England Magazine 777
No Fiction 458
North American Review 457, 650
Outre Mer, or a Pilgrimage beyond Sea, by Professor Longfellow 594
Pencil Sketches, 2d series 595
Phrenology, Manual of 714
Pilgrims of the Rhine 53
Poems, by a Collegian 117
Promessi Sposi, or the Betrothed Lovers, a Milanese Story 520
Recollections of an Excursion to the Monasteries of Alcobaca, &c. by
Beckford 714
Scraps, by John C. McCabe 386
Silliman's Journal of Science and the Arts 714
Sketches, by Mrs. Sigourney 22
"Stories about General Warren" 749
Speece's Poems 118
The Brothers, a Tale of the Fronde 715
Tocqueville's American Democracy 596
Valerius, a Novel, by Lockhart 459
Vathek, by Mr. Beckford 118, 270, 386
Visit to the American Churches, by Drs. Reed and Matheson 714
Visit to Texas 119
Visits and Sketches, by Mrs. Jameson 250
Voyage of the Potomac Frigate round the Globe, by J. N. Reynolds 594
Washington's Writings and Life, by J. Sparks, vol. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
591
Western Journal of Medical Science 778
Wife and Woman's Record, by Mrs. Norton 714
Wirt's Life and Character, Oration on, by J. P. Kennedy 16
Wood, Mrs. Jean 209

LITERATURE, American, Impediments to it 220
Southern 1

Loss of Breath, a Tale, _a la_ Blackwood, by Edgar A. Poe 735

Love and Authorship, by Knowles 22

Luxury, Essay on 163

M

Magpie Castle, by Theodore Hook, reviewed 714

Mahomet, his Cosmogony 301

Maid of Malines, a Tale by Bulwer 54

Manual of Phrenology 714

Manufacturing Establishments, Nurseries of Vice 273

March of Mind 154

Married Man, Recollections of 770

Marrying Well, a Moral Tale 345

Martineau, Miss 319

Maryland House of Burgesses in 1766, picture of its manners 138

McCabe, J. C. notice of his "Scraps" 386

Mechanician and Uncle Simon, by Nugator 186

Memoirs of Celebrated Women, by Madame Junot--notice of 458

Memory, an Allegory 216

Memory and Hope, an Allegory, by Paulding 31

Mephistopheles in England, notice of 776

Mexican Journal, Extracts from 276, 435, 700

Mineral Possessions, and the Cultivation of Geological Inquiry--their
National Importance 484

Mineral Wealth of Virginia, by P. A. Browne 91

Misfortune and Genius, a Tale 36

Morella, a Tale, by Edgar A. Poe 448

Museum (Littell's) of Foreign Literature--noticed 251

My Classmates, a Tale 106

My First Night in the Watch-house--from the Autobiography of Pertinax
Placid 617, 706

"My Life"--notice of 651

My Name--a lament of Lazarus Rust 170

My Tongs--a dream 746

My Two Aunts 189

N

Napoleon, Lee's Life of--noticed 458

Naval History of England, notice of 780

New England--Remarks on 84

New England--Letters from, by a Virginian 85, 166, 217, 273, 421

New England Magazine, notice of 777

Norfolk--Proceedings at, of the Sons of Liberty in 1776 354

North American Review--Notices of 457, 650

Nose, Tale of a--by Pertinax Placid 445

Nose, Account of a Prodigious 468

Note to Blackstone's Commentaries 227
Remarks on it 266
Reply to the "Remarks" 388

Novel that never will be Published, Extract from a 46

Novel-Reading--its effects described 39

Nugator's several Contributions 9, 46, 181, 455, 580

O

Observations on the National Importance of Mineral Possessions, and
the Cultivation of Geological Inquiry 484

Olin, President's, Inaugural Address at Randolph Macon
College--review and extract 15

Oliver Oldschool, on Dandyism 251
On the Waltz and Gallopade 426
On Conversation Parties, &c. 547

Orations--review of J. P. Kennedy's, on Mr. Wirt 16
Of Messrs. Adams' and Everett's, on La Fayette 307

Ormond, the Second Great Duke of 313, 314

Orpheus, his Cosmogony 301

Ossory, Lord and Lady--characters of 313

"Outre Mer," reviewed 594

P

Paris, a Scene in (1827)--by a Virginian 381

Patriarch, The--a Tale, by Mrs. Sigourney 28

Patrick Henry, Anecdotes of 332

Paulding, James K.--Letter to the Publisher 1
Allegory of Memory and Hope 31

"Pencil Sketches," by Miss Leslie, notice of 595

Pertinax Placid's Autobiography, extracts from 617, 706

Peter's Mountain 641

Philosophy, its Progress and Influence on Morals and Intellect, by
Professor George Tucker 601

Phrenological Examinations of Dr. Powell 204

Pilgrims of the Rhine, notice of 53

Pinckney's Eloquence, characterized 94

Poems, by a Collegian, reviewed 117

Poetry, English, Essays on 397

Pompeii, Last DAYS of, reviewed 241
Its Author convicted of Plagiarism 246
Last NIGHT of 246

Popular Instruction, Associations for in N. England 273
Mr. Garnett's Address on 282

Potomac Frigate, its Voyage round the Globe 594

Powell, Dr. Wm. Byrd--Description of the Sweet Spring Valley 42
Phrenological Examinations 204

Prairie Dogs, Republic of, described by Irving 456

Prairies, a Storm on 534

"_Promessi Sposi_" or the Betrothed Lovers, a Milanese Story, reviewed
520

R

Reclaimed, the, a Tale 668

Recollections of Chotank 43

Recollections of an Excursion, &c. by Beckford--notice of 714

Recollections of a Married Man 770

Red Sulphur Springs 519, 544

Remarkable Dream and Prediction Fulfilled 658

Reminiscences of a Western Traveller 336

Reporter's Story, or the Importance of a Syllable 73

Reviews and Criticisms, see "LITERARY NOTICES."

Revolutionary Officer's Diary--surrender of Charleston 341

Richmond (City) account of, from the Virginia Gazetteer 258

Robinson, John (A.D. 1694,) his _Anatomical_ Description of the Earth
341

Romance of Real Life, a narrative 271

Root, Mrs., Female Seminary in Prince Edward 519

Ruins on the Rappahannock 9

S

Sale in Lower Virginia, description of one, by Nugator 580

Sally Singleton, a Story, by Nugator 46

Sandfords (the) a Tale 552

Sardanapalus 699

Scene in Paris, in 1827, by a Virginian 381

Scene in Real Life 430

Scenery, Virginia, Sketch of 348

"Scraps," by John C. McCabe, reviewed 386

Seasons (the) sketched 176

Servility, remarks on 6

Sexes, their Characteristic Differences 493, 621, 672

Shadow, a Fable 762

Shakspeare, some curious relics of 253

Shipwreck, Story of one 351

Sigourney, Mrs. her "Sketches" reviewed 22
Address on Female Education 169

Silliman's Journal of Science, &c. notice of 714

Sister, Letters from a--see "Leontine."

"Sketches," by Mrs. Sigourney, notice of 22

Sons of Liberty at Norfolk, their Proceedings in 1776 354

Soto's Conquest of Florida, by Theodore Irving, notice of 648

Southern Literature 1

Speaking, Extemporaneous, Essay on 7

Speece's Poems, notice of 118

"Stories about General Warren," reviewed 749

Storm on the Prairies--from the MSS. of D. D. Mitchell 534

Story from Voltaire, translated 10

Study of the Latin and Greek Classics, thoughts on 213

Surrender of Charleston, from the Diary of a Revolutionary Officer 341

Sweet Springs, the Valley of, described 42

Swimming, a Feat of 468

T

Tale of the West 437

Tam O'Shanter, &c. group of, in statuary, by Mr. Thorn 140

Tazewell, Governor--Review of his Report on a Proposed Deaf and Dumb
Asylum 134
Remarks on that Review 201

Texas, a visit to, reviewed 119

Thorn, the Sculptor, his group of Tam O'Shanter 140

Time, the Consoler, from Voltaire 11

Tocqueville's "American Democracy," noticed 596

Township System of the Northern States, its advantages 86

Tucker, Prof. Beverley, Lecture to his Law Class 145
"Note to Blackstone's Commentaries" 227
"Remarks" on that Note 266
His Reply to the "Remarks" 388
Valedictory to his Class 601

Tucker, Professor George, Discourse on the Progress of Philosophy, and
its Influence on Morals and Intellect 405

Tripoli Sketches of the History and Present Condition of 65, 129, 193,
261, 325, 461, 654, 717
Shaler, William, Consul General of the United States for the Barbary
Powers, concludes Treaty with Algiers 655
Spirited conduct in protecting his servants 724
Death of 724
Algiers. Turks under Barbarossa establish themselves in Algiers 70
Description of the City 719
Attacked by Charles the Fifth in 1541 71
War with Tunis 720
The Dey plunders American vessels on account of the delay in
paying tribute 653
Conduct of Great Britain and France towards Algiers 653
Dey compels the American Consul to pay arrears of tribute unjustly
demanded and declares war against the U. States 654
American squadron sent against Algiers under Decatur 655
Algerine ships of war taken by the American squadron 655
Treaty dictated by Decatur and Shaler 655
British fleet under Lord Exmouth visit Algiers and make treaties
for Sardinia and Naples 720
American squadron under Shaw visit Algiers 719
Dey rejects the treaty with the United States 718
Writes a letter to the President proposing renewal of former
treaty 718
Lord Exmouth's second visit to Algiers 718
Demands abolition of slavery 718
Reference made by the Dey to the Sultan 718
British and Dutch expedition against Algiers 719
Bombardment of the City, and submission made by the Dey to the
demands of the British 719
Reflections 720
American squadron under Chauncey arrive at Algiers 721
Receipt of answer from the President of the United States to the
Dey's letter 721
Dey accepts the treaty 722
British and French squadron sent to demand abolition of slavery
723
Refusal by the Dey to comply 723
Invasion of the British Consul's house 724
Fleet sent to demand apologies 724
Success of that expedition 724
Hamet Prince of Tripoli, account of 131
Deprived of the throne by his younger brother Yusuf 132
Discovered at Tunis by the American Consul Eaton 194
And persuaded to attempt the recovery of his dominions, goes to
Malta 195
And thence to Derne 196
Obliged to fly to Egypt 198
Found by Eaton among the Mamelukes in Egypt 262
Makes treaty with Eaton 262
Expedition of Hamet and Eaton to Derne 263
Carried from Derne by the American squadron to Syracuse; sum voted
for his support by the American Congress; returns as Bey to
Derne 331
Expelled by his brother; takes refuge in Egypt and dies there 389
His son 389
Tunis taken by Barbarossa 70
Taken by Charles the Fifth 71
Treaty with the United States; disagreement with the United States
389
Tunisian Ambassador sent to Washington 390
Difficulties between the United States and Tunis on account of
prizes taken by an American privateer 655
Hamouda Bey of Tunis, character of 193
death, 465
Morat Rais, high Admiral of Tripoli, a Scotch Renegade 133
Enmity to the United States 133
Banished at the demand of the American Consul 465
Fezzan, a desart country of Africa, description of 464
Conquered by the Pasha of Tripoli 464
Yusuf, Pasha of Tripoli, murders his eldest brother Hassan Bey 131
Rebels against his father 132
Seizes the throne of Tripoli and expels his brother Hamet 132
Makes a treaty with the United States 132
Declares war against the United States 133
Attempts to negotiate a peace on condition of tribute being paid
328
Makes peace 330
Energy in repairing his losses 463
Conquers Fezzan 464
His sons rebel against him 464
Eaton, William, Consul of the United States at Tunis 193
His plan to replace Hamet on the throne of Tripoli 194
Returns to America 197
Goes to Egypt 198
Finds Hamet and makes a treaty with him 262
Expedition from Alexandria 263
Reaches and takes Derne 265
Evacuates Derne 331
Death of 332
Melle-Melle, Tunisian Ambassador in the U. States, anecdote of 463
Tripoli, anciently called Oea 58
Taken by the Saracens 69
Taken by the Spaniards 70
Given to the Knights of St. John 71
Taken by Dragut 71
Hamet Caramalli the Great kills the Turkish garrison and makes
himself Pasha 130
Trade of 130
Treaties with foreign powers 131
Seized by the Turks and held for two years 132
Yusuf becomes Pasha and makes a treaty with the United States 132
War with the United States 133
Blockaded by the American squadron 133
Bombarded 198
Attack on by a Sardinian squadron 723
Attacked by a Sicilian squadron 723
Mohamed D'Ghies, Prime Minister of Tripoli, friendly to the
Americans 133
Kindness to the American prisoners in Tripoli and endeavors to
negotiate a peace with the United States 328
Lear, Tobias, sent as Consul General of the United States in Barbary
325
His influence over Commodore Barron 329
Concludes peace with Tripoli 330
Ordered to quit Algiers 654
Exmouth, Lord, visits Algiers with a fleet and negotiates treaties
of peace for Sardinia and Naples 723
Second visit to Algiers 723
Bombardment of Algiers 723
Sardinians attack Tripoli 722
Sicilians attack Tripoli 724
Abællino, American privateer, enters the Mediterranean and takes
several British vessels 655
Philadelphia frigate strikes on a rock at the entrance of the
harbor of Tripoli 197
Burnt by the Americans 197
Decatur, Stephen, burns the Philadelphia frigate in the harbor of
Tripoli 197
Commands a squadron sent against Algiers in 1815; takes two
Algerine ships and makes treaty with Algiers 655
Obtains indemnifications from Tunis and Tripoli 656
Hall, Captain Isaac, carries Gen. Eaton to Alexandria 198
Assists in the capture of Derne 265

U

United States, Bancroft's History of, Vol. I--reviewed 587