Chapter I: Part 1

THE

SPANISH ARMADA,

1588.

--------------

THE TAPESTRY HANGINGS OF THE HOUSE OF LORDS.

REPRESENTING THE SEVERAL ENGAGEMENTS BETWEEN THE

ENGLISH AND SPANISH FLEETS.

BY

JOHN PINE, ENGRAVER.

REPRODUCED IN HELIOTYPE FROM AN ORIGINAL COPY IN THE
COLLECTION OF CHARLES HERVEY TOWNSHEND.

WITH

An Appendix containing Biographical Sketches of the Principal English
Commanders
Knighted by the Admiral at Sea, July 26, 1588.

BOSTON:
PUBLISHED BY HOUGHTON, OSGOOD AND COMPANY.
The Riverside Press, Cambridge.
1878.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Copyright, 1878,
BY CHARLES HERVEY TOWNSHEND

RIVERSIDE, CAMBRIDGE
STEREOTYPED AND PRINTED BY
H. O. HOUGHTON AND COMPANY

------------------------------------------------------------------------

THE

TAPESTRY HANGINGS
OF THE
HOUSE of LORDS:

Representing the several

ENGAGEMENTS
BETWEEN THE
ENGLISH and SPANISH FLEETS,

In the ever memorable Year MDLXXXVIII,

With the

PORTRAITS of the Lord High-Admiral, and the other
Noble Commanders, taken from the Life.

To which are added,

From a Book entitled, Expeditionis Hispanorum in Angliam vera
Descriptio, A.D. 1588, done, as is supposed, for the said Tapestry to be
work’d after,

Ten CHARTS of the SEA-COASTS of ENGLAND,

And a GENERAL ONE of

England, Scotland, Ireland, France, Holland, &c.

Shewing the Places of Action between the two FLEETS;

ORNAMENTED with

MEDALS struck upon that OCCASION,

And other suitable DEVICES.

Also

An HISTORICAL ACCOUNT of each Day’s Action, Collected from the most
Authentic Manuscripts and Writers.

By JOHN PINE, ENGRAVER.

LONDON, MDCCXXXIX.

Sold by J. Pine in Old Bond Street near Picadilly.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

TO THE

K I N G.

_SIR_,

I Humbly beg Leave to present to Your Majesty, these Representations of the Hangings in the House of Lords, which contain the several Victories obtained against the King of _Spain_ in 1588.

That the same glorious Success may attend your Majesty, whenever your Fleets shall be engaged with any of your Majesty’s Enemies, is the hearty Prayer of

_Your MAJESTY’s_

_Most dutiful and most obedient_

_Subject and Servant_,

_JOHN PINE_.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

S U B S C R I B E R S.

_His Royal Highness the PRINCE of_ WALES.

_His Royal Highness the DUKE._

_His most Serene Highness the PRINCE of_ ORANGE.

_HIS Grace the Duke of_ St. Alban’s.
_His Grace the Duke of_ Ancaster.
_His Grace the Duke of_ Argyll _and_ Greenwich.
_His Grace the Duke of_ Athol.
_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Albemarle.
_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Aylesford.
_The Right Honourable the Lord_ Abergavenny.
_The Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of_ St. Asaph.
_Sir_ Joseph Ayliffe, _Bart_. 2 _Setts_.
_The Honourable_ Richard Arundell, _Esq_;
Richard Arnold, _Esq_;
Jacob Astley, _Esq_;
_Mr._ Christopher Anderson.

_His Grace the Duke of_ Beaufort.
_His Grace the Duke of_ Bedford.
_His Grace the Duke of_ Bolton.
_His Grace the Duke of_ Buccleugh.
_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Burlington, 2 _Setts_.
_The Right Honourable the Lord_ Bruce.
_The Right Honourable the Lord_ Bathurst.
_The Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of_ Bangor, 2 _Setts_.
_The Right Honourable the Lord_ Vere Beauclerk.
_The Right Honourable the Lord_ Baltimore.
_Sir_ George Beaumont, _Bart_.
_Sir_ John Bland, _Bart_.
_Sir_ Roger Burgogne, _Bart_.
_Sir_ Thomas Brand, _Knt_.
Thomas Bacon, _Esq_;
Henry Barham, _Esq_;
William Barners, _Esq_;
Nicholas Bayley, _Esq_;
Nathanael Blackerby, _Esq_;
_The Honourable_ Martin Bladen, _Esq_;
Thomas Bladen, _Esq_;
Walter Blackett, _Esq_;
Robert Bristow, _Esq_;
Thomas Brian, _Esq_;
Alexander Brodie, _Esq_;
Josiah Burchett, _Esq_;
_The Rev. Dr._ John Burton, _Master of_ Winchester School.
Robert Burd, _Esq_;
Samuel Burroughs, _Esq_;
Robert Byng, _Esq_;
_His Grace the Duke of_ Chandos.
_The Right Honourable the Marquis of_ Caernarvon.
_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Cardigan.
_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Coventry.
_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Chesterfield.
_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Cholmondeley.
_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Clarendon _and_ Rochester.
_The Right Honourable the Earl_ Cowper.
_The Right Honourable the Lord_ Craven.
_The Right Honourable the Lord_ Carteret.
_Sir_ James Campbell, _Bart._
_Sir_ William Carew, _Bart._
_Sir_ John Hinde Cotton, _Bart._
_Sir_ William Courtenay, _Bart._
_Sir_ Francis Child, _Knt._ _Alderman of_ London.
_Sir_ Clement Cottrell, _Knt._
Trinity College Library _in the University of_ Cambridge.
Richard Chandler, _Esq_;
James Chetham, _Esq_;
_The Rev. Dr._ Alured Clarke.
Matthew Clarke, _M. D._
John Codrington, _Esq_;
John Conduit, _Esq_;
Thomas Copleston, _Esq_;
Thomas Corbett, _Esq_;
_The Honourable_ Spencer Cowper, _Esq_;
William Cowper, _Esq_;
James Cockburn, _Esq_;
John Crawley, _Esq_;
_Mrs._ Crewe.
John Crewe, _Jun. Esq_;
Joseph Crewe, _Esq_;
Thomas Crosse, _Esq_;
Andrew Crosse, _Esq_;
John Crosse, _Esq_;
Philip Carter, _A. M._
_Mr._ Charles Cary.
_His Grace the Duke of_ Devonshire.
_His Grace the Duke of_ Dorset.
_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Darnley.
_The Right Honourable the Lord_ De La Warr.
_Sir_ James Dashwood, _Bart._ 2 _Setts_.
_Sir_ Francis Henry Drake, _Bart._
_Sir_ Charles Dalton, _Knt._
_The Honourable General_ James Dormer.
Robert Douglas, _Esq_;
_Mr._ James Deacon, _Jun._
Andrew Ducarel, _Esq_;
James Douglas, _Esq_;
Thomas Duncombe, _Esq_;

_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Exeter.
_The Right Honourable the Countess of_ Exeter.
_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Effingham.
_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Egmont.
_Sir_ Richard Ellys, _Bart._
_The Honourable_ Richard Edgcumbe, _Esq_;
_The Honourable_ George Evens, _Esq_;
_Mr._ Charles Egleton.

_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Fitz-Walter.
_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Findlater.
_The Right Honourable the Lord Viscount_ Falconbergh.
_The Right Honourable the Lord_ Foley.
_The Honourable Mr. Justice_ Fortescue.
_Sir_ Robert Fagg, _Bart._
_Sir_ John Frederick, _Bart._
_Sir_ Andrew Fountaine, _Knt._
_The Honourable_ John Finch, _Esq_; _of_ Cavendish Square.
_The Honourable_ Duncan Forbes, _Esq_;
Nicholas Fenwick, _Esq_;
Thomas Foley, _Jun. Esq_;
Matthew Frampton, _M. D._ _of_ Oxford.
Thomas Frederick, _Esq_;
Richard Frewin, _M. D._ _of_ Oxford.

_His Grace the Duke of_ Grafton.
_The Right Honourable the Lord_ North _and_ Guilford.
_The Right Honourable the Lord_ Gower.
_The Right Honourable the Lord_ Gallway.
_The Right Honourable the Lord_ Grey.
_The Right Honourable the Lady_ Eliz. Germain. 2 _Setts_.
_Sir_ Robert Grosvenor, _Bart._
_The Honourable_ William Leveson Gower, _Esq_;
Henry Gardie, _Esq_;
Francis Gaussend, _Esq_;
Edward Gibbon, _Esq_;
Westby Gill, _Esq_;
William Gore, _Esq_;
Edward Le Grande, _Esq_;
Charles Gray, _Esq_; _of_ Colchester.
_Mr._ John Godfrey.

_His Grace the Duke of_ Hamilton _and_ Brandon.
_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Hallifax.
_The Right Honourable the Lord_ Hardwick.
Nicholas Hardinge, _Esq_;
Edward Harley, _Esq_;
Michael Harvey, _Esq_;
Carleton Hayward, _Esq_;
_Col._ Thomas Herbert.
Francis Haywood, _Esq_;
Thomas Hill, _Esq_;
_The Reverend Dr._ Hodges, _Provost of_ Oriel _College_ Oxford.
Henry Hoare, _Esq_;
Richard Hoare, _Esq_;
Thomas Strangways Horner, _Esq_;
John Hylton, _Esq_;
William Handley, _Esq_;
_Mr._ Samuel Haynes.
_Mr._ Gerrard Howard.

_The Right Honourable the Lord Viscount_ Irwin.
_Sir_ William Irby, _Bart._
_Sir_ Justinian Isham, _Bart._
_The Honourable and Reverend Mr._ Ingram.
_Captain_ Thomas James.
_Colonel_ Charles Ingram.

_His Grace the Duke of_ Kent.
_Sir_ John Lister Kaye, _Bart._
Edward Kinaston, _Esq_;
Thomas King, _Esq_;

_His Grace the Duke of_ Leeds.
_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Litchfield.
_The Right Honourable the Lord_ Lovell.
_The Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of_ Landaff.
_The Right Honourable the Lord Chief Justice_ Lee.
_Sir_ Darcy Lever, _Knt._ _LL. D._
Lancelot Charles Lake, _Esq_;
John Lethieullier, _Esq_;
George Liddell, _Esq_;
Thomas Lister, _Esq_;
_Mr._ Charles Lowth.

_His Grace the Duke of_ Marlborough.
_His Grace the Duke of_ Montague.
_His Grace the Duke of_ Manchester.
_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Macclesfield.
_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Malton.
_The Right Honourable the Lord_ Monson.
_Sir_ John Morgan, _Bart._
_Sir_ William Morris, _Bart._ 2 _Setts_.
J. R. Madan, _Esq_;
Pierce Manaton, _M. D._ _of_ Oxford.
Benjamin Martyn, _Esq_;
Thomas Master, _Esq_;
Thomas May, _Esq_;
Richard Mead, _M. D._
Philip Mercier, _Esq_; 2 _Setts_.
Richard Mitchell, _Esq_;
John Michell, _Esq_;
—— Maule, _Esq_;
Thomas Morgan, _Esq_;
Thomas Mostyn, _Esq_;
_Mr._ Solomon Merrett.

_His Grace the Duke of_ Norfolk, 2 _Setts_.
_His Grace the Duke of_ Newcastle.
_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Northampton.
_Sir_ Michael Newton, _Bart._
_The Honourable_ James Noel, _Esq_;
George Noyes, _Esq_;

_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Orrery.
_The Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of_ Ossory.
_The Right Honourable_ Arthur Onslow, _Esq_; _Speaker of the H. of
Commons_.
_General_ James Oglethorpe.
Nathanael Oldham, _Esq_;
Leak Okeover, _Esq_;
Samuel Ongley, _Esq_;
William Osbaldeston, _Esq_;
Jonathan Oldham, _Painter_.
_Mr._ Edward Oakley.

_In the University of_ Oxford _the following Libraries_,

Christ-Church _College_.
Trinity _College_.
All-Souls _College_.
Jesus _College_.
Wadham _College_.

_His Grace the Duke of_ Portland.
_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Pembroke.
_The Right Honourable_ Micajah Perry, _Esq_; _Lord Mayor of_ London.
_The Honourable Mr. Justice_ Probyn.
_Sir_ Erasmus Philipps, _Bart._
_The Honourable_ Henry Pelham, _Esq_;
_The Honourable_ Stephen Poyntz, _Esq_;
Charles Palmer, _Esq_;
Humphry Parsons, _Esq_; _Alderman of_ London.
Thomas Pitt, _Esq_;
John Plumptree, _Esq_;
David Polhill, _Esq_;
Arthur Pollard, _Esq_;
Thomas Potter, _Esq_;
Richard Powys, _Esq_;
Newdigate Poyntz, _Esq_;
Thomas Prowse, _Esq_;
_Mr._ John Perkins.
_Mr._ William Pate, _Woollen-Draper_.

_His Grace the Duke of_ Queensberry.

_His Grace the Duke of_ Richmond, Lenox, _and_ Aubigny, 2 _Setts_.
_His Grace the Duke of_ Rutland.
_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Rockingham.
_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Rochford.
_The Right Honourable the Lord_ Romney.
_The Right Honourable the Lord_ Raymond.
_The Right Honourable the Lord Chief Baron_ Reynolds.
Geard. Andrew Reiche, _Esq_; _2 Setts_.
Richard Rawlinson, _LL. D. R. S. S._
Francis Reynolds, _Esq_;
William Robinson, _Esq_;
_Mr._ John Rocque.

_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Suffolk.
_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Shaftsbury.
_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Scarborough.
_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Strafford.
_The Right Honourable the Earl_ Stanhope.
_The Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of_ Sarum.
_The Right Honourable the Lord_ Charles Noel Somerset.
_Sir_ Jer. Vanacker Sambrooke, _Bart._
_Sir_ William Sanderson, _Bart._
_Sir_ Brownlow Sherard, _Bart._
_Sir_ Hans Sloane, _Bart._
_Sir_ William Stapleton, _Bart._
_The Honourable_ Edward Southwell, _Esq_;
_The Honourable_ John Spencer, _Esq_;
Samuel Sandys, _Esq_;
_The Reverend Mr. Archdeacon_ Sayer.
Charles Savage, _Esq_;
John Sawbridge, _Esq_;
Thomas Scawen, _Esq_;
Gervaise Scroope, _Esq_;
John Selwyn, _Esq_;
Thomas Sergison, _Esq_;
Edward Seymour, _Esq_;
Peter Shakerley, _Esq_;
_The Honourable_ John Sherard, _Esq_;
Powell Snell, _Esq_;
_The Reverend Dr._ Shippen, _Principal of_ Brasen-Nose _College_,
Oxford.
Uriah Shudal, _Esq_;
Richard Shuttleworth, _Esq_;
Theodore Smith, _Esq_;
Robert Smith, _Esq_;
James Sotheby, _Esq_;
Paulet St. John, _Esq_;
_Mr._ Charles Scriven.
_Mr._ Symonds, _Bookseller_.
_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Tankerville.
_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Thomond.
_The Right Honourable the Lord Viscount_ Torrington.
_The Right Honourable the Lord Viscount_ Tyrconnel.
_The Right Honourable the Lord_ Talbot.
_The Right Honourable and Reverend_ Richard Trevor, _D.D._
John Talbot, _Esq_;
John Tempest, _Esq_;
_The Honourable_ John Temple, _Esq_;
_The Reverend Dr._ Thistlethwayte, _Warden of_ Wadham _College_, Oxon.
Edward Thompson, _Esq_;
Robert Trefusis, _Esq_;
Cholmly Turner, _Esq_;

William Vaughan, _Esq_;

_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Warwick _and_ Holland.
_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Warrington, 4 _Setts_.
_The Right Honourable the Earl_ Waldegrave.
_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Wilmington.
_The Right Honourable Sir_ Robert Walpole.
_The Right Honourable the Lord Chief Justice_ Willes.
_Sir_ Thomas Webster, _Bart._
_Sir_ Thomas Wheate, _Bart._
_Sir_ William Wyndham, _Bart._
_Sir_ George Wynne, _Bart._
_Sir_ Charles Wager, _Knt._
_Sir_ George Walter, _Knt._
Edward Walpole, _Esq_;
James West, _Esq_;
Francis Whitworth, _Esq_;
Lawrence Williams, _Esq_;
Charles Hanbury Williams, _Esq_;
Watkins Williams Wynn, _Esq_;
William Wilmer, _Esq_;
_Mr._ John Williams.
_Mr._ Timothy Wyld.
_The Rev. Mr._ John Wyatt, _Master of_ Felsted _School, in_ Essex.

_The Right-Honourable Sir_ William Yonge, _Bart._

N A M E S O M I T T E D.

_The Right Honourable the Lord_ Petre.
_The Right Honourable the Lord_ Sherard Manners.
_The Honourable Sir_ John Eyles, _Bart._ _Postmaster General_.
Papillion Ball, _Esq_;
John Carew, _Esq_;

_Mr._ Thomas Hyam, _Merchant_.
_Mr._ Andrews Jelfe.
Charles Peers, _Esq_;
William Roope, _Esq_;

------------------------------------------------------------------------

AN

ACCOUNT

OF THE

SPANISH INVASION

In the YEAR MDLXXXVIII.

THE Defeat of the SPANISH ARMADA being the most glorious Victory that was ever obtained at Sea, and the most important to the _British_ Nation, every Method deserves some Praise, that may in a suitable Manner propagate the Memory of it. Our Ancestors, that were personally interested in it, were so careful it should not pass into Oblivion, that they procured the Engagements between the two Fleets to be represented in ten curious Pieces of Tapestry, with the Portraits of the several _English_ Captains, taken from the Life, worked in the Borders, which are now placed, some in the Royal Wardrobe, some in the House of Lords, the most august Assembly of the Kingdom, there to remain as a lasting Memorial of the Triumphs of _British_ Valour, guided by _British_ Counsels. But because Time, or Accident, or Moths may deface these valuable Shadows, we have endeavoured to preserve their Likeness in the preceding Prints, which, by being multiplied and dispersed in various Hands, may meet with that Security from the Closets of the Curious, which the Originals must scarce always hope for, even from the Sanctity of the Place they are kept in.

Thus far we have been able to go within our own Province; but as a more particular Detail of the Circumstances of this glorious Expedition, which lye blended in our Histories with other Matters, may not be altogether unacceptable, we shall beg Leave to offer the following brief Account of it, collected from the most authentic Writers and Manuscripts.

SECT. I.

THE Author and Undertaker of this ever memorable Expedition was _Philip_ II. King of _Spain_, eldest Son of the renowned Emperor _Charles_ V. In the Year 1554, he married _Mary_ I. Queen of _England_, with a View of uniting, by this Marriage, the _English_ Dominions to those large and noble Territories of which he was Heir-Apparent. But all his Projects were defeated by a False-Conception the Queen had in 1555; and especially by her Death, which happened on _Novemb._ 17, 1558.—In 1555, _October_ 25, he became King of _Spain_, and the Dominions and Territories thereunto belonging, upon the voluntary Resignation of his Father _Charles_ V.

As to King _Philip_’s real Views and Motives in this Expedition, they seem to have been these:

I. A firm Hope and certain Prospect as he imagin’d, of easily acquiring so considerable an Addition to his Dominions, as the flourishing Kingdoms of _England_ and _Ireland_. Kingdoms whose Advantages and Excellencies he was well acquainted withal; and from whence he could be continually supplied with Tin, Lead, Wool, and many other useful, necessary, and profitable Commodities.

II. He was also excited by another Motive, which is generally sufficient for Conquerors; and it was this: _England_ and _Ireland_ stood very convenient for him, as being near his Dominions in the Low-Countries; and might, by their advantageous Situation, and the many good Harbours they abound with, have rendered him Master of the Trade and Navigation of these Northern Parts of the World; and, what is more, they would have enabled him to carry it on throughout all _North_ and _South-America_, exclusively of all others; which is such an Advantage as cannot well be expressed.

III. Moreover these Islands had proved, and might always prove a grievous Thorn in his Side. For, by reason of their Situation, the _English_ could, at any Time, almost totally obstruct the Navigation of the _Netherlands_, and destroy all their Traffick by Sea. Because, as it must unavoidably be carried on almost within Sight of the _British_ Coasts, so long as the Inhabitants of those Islands remained independent of him[1], and were Masters at Sea, they could seize, with the utmost Ease, the Shipping sent from the Ports of _Flanders_ to the several Parts of the World. What lay therefore so convenient, and was in other Hands so dangerous a Neighbour, must be purchas’d at any Rate.

IV. Revenge may be assigned as another Motive of this Expedition. Queen _Elizabeth_ had assisted all along the States of the United Provinces, in their several Attempts to shake off the _Spanish_ Yoke. Now, that surely was a very great Provocation: And Forgiveness of Injuries, it is well known, was then, no more than at present, a _Spaniard_’s Virtue. To be revenged therefore of such a constant Enemy as _Elizabeth_ had been, may well be suppos’d to have been an additional Inducement to this Undertaking.

V. This other important Motive is assigned by _Hakluyt_[2]: “King _Philip_ deemed this to be the most ready and direct Course, to recover his hereditary Possession of the _Low-Countries_. For, having with little Advantage, for above twenty Years together, waged War against the _Netherlands_, after mature Deliberation, he thought it most convenient to assault them once more by Sea, which had been fruitlessly attempted several Times before for want of sufficient Forces. And he thought good to begin with _England_, being persuaded, that the Conquest of that Island was less difficult than the Conquest of _Holland_ and _Zealand_. Moreover, the _Spaniards_ were of Opinion, that it would be far more behoveful for their King to conquer _England_ and the _Low-Countries_ at once, than to be constrained continually to maintain a warlike Navy, to defend his _East_ and _West-India_ Fleets from the _English_.”

* * * * *

These (with a Desire of restoring the _Roman-Catholick_ Religion) seem to have been the real and true Motives of this great Expedition.

The Reasons alleged by _Philip_ were these[3]:

I. That _Elizabeth_ had, from the first assisted his rebellious Subjects in the _Netherlands_, with Men and Money, and spirited them up against him, her greatest Friend and Benefactor; whom she was indebted to for her Life, when her Sister Queen _Mary_ and _Gardiner_ were for removing her out of the Way.

II. _Drake_, and others of her Subjects, had committed several Depredations in _Spain_ and _America_.

III. She had been so unnatural as to stop his Money, when, for fear of Pirates, it had been landed in her Dominions; and had put an Embargo on the Vessels employed to carry it to the _Low-Countries_: (As is related by _Camden_, under the Year 1568.)

IV. She had acknowledged his Enemy Don _Antonio_ King of _Portugal_, and armed him against _Spain_.

V. That it was by her Instruction and Advice the Duke of _Alençon_ had been crowned King of _Brabant_.

VI. And, moreover, she herself had accepted the Sovereignty of the _Low-Countries_, and sent the Earl of _Leicester_ thither with considerable Forces; which was an open Declaration of War.

VII. That he undertook it, to revenge the Death of the innocent Queen of _Scots_.

VIII. And in Compliance with the Holy Father _Innocent_ VIII.’s earnest Injunctions, who ceased not to exhort and importune him, to abolish Heresy in _England_, and replant the _Roman-Catholick_ Religion there.

* * * * *

In short therefore, the Aim and Design of the King of _Spain_ in this great Expedition, was to conquer _England_, in order to come more easily at the revolted _Netherlands_, and facilitate their Reduction to his Obedience; as also, for the Sake of so meritorious an Action, as the bringing this Island back to the Catholick Religion: And to be revenged, at the same Time, for the Disgrace, Contempt, and Dishonour, he had, at several Times, received from the _English_ Nation; and for divers others real or pretended Injuries, which had made a deep Impression on his proud and revengeful Spirit.

Animated and spurred on by these Motives, King _Philip_ made such vast Preparations for his intended Conquest, as had hardily ever been known before in any Age, or Nation: Whether we consider the Time spent about them; or the prodigious Strength and Quantity of the Materials of all Kinds that were provided.

As for the Time spent about these Preparations; King _Philip_ seems to have form’d this Design as early as the Year 1583. [4]For, in that Year, he ordered _Alexander_ Duke of _Parma_, Governor of the _Low-Countries_, to procure an exact Account and Description of the Harbours, Castles, Rivers, and Roads belonging to _England_, and transmit them to him; which was accordingly done: And in this _Francis Throckmorton_ appears to have been concerned. But, according to _Rapin_, [5]this Project was formed by _Philip_ only from the Time _Mary_ Queen of _Scots_ had been persuaded to convey to him her Right to _England_, as being the only Means to restore the _Catholick_ Religion[6]: According to the received Maxim in the Church of _Rome_, That an Heretick is unworthy and incapable of enjoying a Crown; _Philip_ thought he might justly claim that of _England_, as being the next _Catholick_ Prince descended from the House of _Lancaster_; namely, from _Catharine_ Daughter of _John_ of _Ghent_ Duke of _Lancaster_, married in 1389 to _Henry_, then Prince, and afterwards King, of _Castile_. Upon this Descent therefore, and the Queen of _Scots_ Conveyance and Will, he had projected the Conquest of _England_.

However it be, or whenever these Preparations were begun, it is certain that King _Philip_ assembled so powerful a Fleet, and so well furnished with all kinds of Provisions and Ammunition, that, thinking it unconquerable by human Power, he gave it the Title of the INVINCIBLE ARMADA.

[7]This Fleet consisted of one hundred and thirty two Ships, (besides twenty Caravels for the Service of the Army, and ten Salves with six Oars apiece,) containing fifty nine thousand one hundred, and twenty Tons; three thousand, one hundred, and sixty five Cannons; eight thousand, seven hundred, and sixty six Sailors; two thousand and eighty eight Galley-Slaves, and twenty one thousand, eight hundred, and fifty five Soldiers; besides Noblemen and Voluntiers[8]. For there was not a Family in _Spain_ of any Note, but what had a Son, a Brother, or a Kinsman in the Fleet[9]. Of these Voluntiers there were two hundred and twenty four; attended by four hundred and fifty six Servants bearing Arms.

There were also two hundred and thirty eight Gentlemen more, maintained by the King; with one hundred and sixty three Servants. An hundred and seventy seven Persons, with two Engineers, one Physician, one Surgeon, and thirty Servants belonging to the Artillery; eighty five Physicians and Surgeons for the Hospital-Ships; three and twenty Gentlemen belonging to the Duke of _Medina-Sidonia_’s Court, and fifty Servants; seventeen Superintendants General of the Army; and one hundred Servants more, belonging to them, or to the Officers of Justice, who were twenty in Number[10].

Nay even there were in it one hundred and eighty Capuchins, Dominicans, Jesuits, and Mendicant Friars; with _Martin Alarco_, Vicar of the Inquisition.

And because none were allowed to have Wives or Concubines on board, some Women had hired Ships to follow the Fleet; two or three of which Ships were driven by the Storm on the Coast of _France_[11].

Most of the Ships of this ARMADA[12] were of an uncommon Size, Strength, and Thickness, more like floating Castles than any thing else; and they were cased above Water with thick Planks to hinder the Cannon-Balls from piercing their Sides. The Masts also were braced round with strong pitched Ropes, to save them from being soon shatter’d or broke by the Shot.

Then as to Ammunition, [13]this Fleet had a very great Number of Cannons, double Cannons, Culverins, and Field-Pieces for Land-Service; seven thousand Muskets and Calievers; ten thousand Halberts and Partizans; one hundred and twenty thousand Cannon-Balls; [14]one hundred Quintals of Lead for Bullets (each Quintal being a hundred weight,) twelve thousand Quintals of Match; fifty six thousand Quintals of Gunpowder; and also, Waggons, and other Carriages; Horses, Mules, and other Instruments and Necessaries for Conveyance by Land; Torches, Lanthorns, Canvas, Hides, Lead; Chains, Whips, Butchering-Knives, Halters, and other Instruments of Death and Slavery[15]; and Spades, Mattocks, Baskets, and every thing else requisite for Pioneers Work; as also eight hundred Mules for drawing the Ordnance and Carriages.

Proportionable to these Forces was their great Store of Provisions of every Sort: [16]for, besides Raisins in great abundance, they had eight thousand Quintals of Fish; three thousand Quintals of Rice; six thousand three hundred and twenty [17]Septiers of Beans, Pease, _&c._ eleven thousand three hundred and ninety eight Pounds of Olive-Oyl; thirty three thousand eight hundred and seventy Measures of Vinegar; ninety six thousand Quintals of Biscuit; three thousand four hundred and fifty eight Quintals of Goats Cheese; six thousand five hundred Quintals of Bacon; one hundred and forty seven thousand Pipes of Wine; twelve thousand Pipes of Water, _&c._—Provisions in a word they had for six Months; and so well furnished were they, that Sir _Francis Drake_ observes, in a Letter of his, [18]they had Provisions of Bread and Wine sufficient to maintain forty thousand Men for a whole Year.

The whole Fleet, in general, is said[19] to have contained thirty two thousand Persons, and cost every Day thirty thousand Ducats[20].

The General of the Land Forces, and the Commander in Chief in the whole Expedition, was Don _Alfonso Perez de Guzman_, Duke of _Medina Sidonia_; and the Admiral was Don _Juan Martinez de Recalde_.

But it was not in _Spain_ only, that such great Preparations were carrying on, for the Invasion of _England_. For, _Alexander_ Duke of _Parma_ was also making on his Side prodigious and amazing Preparations, to assist in this grand Design.

He gathered together out of _Spain_, _France_, _Savoy_, _Italy_, _Naples_, _Sicily_, _Germany_, and even out of _America_, a very considerable and choice Army; [21]consisting of about forty thousand Foot, and three thousand Horse; out of which he selected thirty thousand Foot, and eighteen hundred Horse, that were to be ready to pass into _England_. These Troops were quarter’d as follows: [22]Near _Nieuport_ there lay ready thirty Companies of _Italians_; ten of _Walloons_; and eight of _Scots_, and as many of _Burgundians_: At _Dixmude_ were eighty Companies of _Netherlanders_; sixty of _Spaniards_; sixty of _Germans_; and above seven hundred fugitive _English_, _Scots_, and _Irish_, under the Command of Sir _William Stanley_, and _Charles Nevil_ Earl of _Westmoreland_. There were moreover four thousand Men posted at _Corrick_, and nine hundred at _Watene_.

For the Transportation of these Forces, the Duke of _Parma_ prepar’d Ships at _Nieuport_, _Dunkirk_, _Antwerp_, and other Places; and caused some new ones to be built with such Expedition, that they seem’d, as _Strada_ expresses it, [23]to be transform’d in a Moment, from Trees into Ships.

More particularly: [24]In the River of _Watten_ he caused seventy flat-bottom’d Boats to be built, each of which could carry thirty Horses; and to each of them were Bridges fitted for the convenient Shipping, or Landing of the Horses. There were in most of them, two Ovens for baking Bread, with a great Quantity of Saddles, Bridles, Harness, and a good Number of Draught-Horses, to draw the Engines, Cannons, and other Ammunition, after the _Spaniards_ should be landed. Of the same Form he had provided two hundred other Vessels at _Nieuport_, but not so large. And at _Dunkirk_ he had assembled thirty eight Men of War; for the navigating of which, he had hired Sailors from _Bremen_, _Hamburgh_, _Emden_, and _Genoa_. In their Ballast he had put a great Quantity of Beams, or thick Planks, sharpned at the Ends, and covered with Iron; but full of Clasps and Hooks on the Sides, that they might be easily joined together. At _Graveling_, he had provided twenty thousand Casks, which might in a short Time be fastened together with Nails and Cords, and reduced into the Form of a Bridge. Whatever, in a Word, was necessary for making Bridges, or for choaking up the Mouths of Havens and Rivers, was by him got in readiness. And he had even caused a great Pile of wooden Faggots to be laid near _Nieuport_, for erecting a Mount or Rampart. Whilst he was thus furnishing himself with all proper Vessels and other Necessaries, he caused the shallow and sandy Places of Rivers to be cleared; and had deep Channels cut in proper Places, from _Ghent_ to _Ysendyck_, _Sluys_, and _Nieuport_, on purpose to convey the Ships built at _Antwerp_, _Ghent_, _&c._ into the Sea. Finally, he assembled at _Bruges_ above one hundred Hoys loaden with Provisions, which he designed to bring into the Ports of _Flanders_, either by the Way of _Sluys_, or through the forementioned Channels.

The Duke of _Guise_ had also twelve thousand Men on the Coast of _Normandy_, ready to land in the West of _England_ as soon as the SPANISH ARMADA had enter’d the Channel[25]; but the _Spaniards_ coming two Months later than they intended, (or for some other Reasons) the Duke dismissed his Forces about the End of _June_.

And that this famous Expedition might be supported with spiritual as well as temporal Weapons[26], Pope _Sixtus_ V created _William Allen_, a seditious _English_ Priest, Cardinal; and sent him as his Legate into the _Low-Countries_, with a Bull; wherein, after enumerating the several Causes of Complaint the See of _Rome_ had against Queen _Elizabeth_, (namely her suppressing the Catholic Religion, her putting the Queen of _Scots_ to Death, _&c._) he renewed and confirmed the Sentence of Excommunication pronounced against her by his Predecessors _Pius_ V and _Gregory_ XIII, deprived her, as illegitimate, and an Usurper, from all Princely Dignity, and Dominion over the Kingdoms of _England_ and _Ireland_; absolved her Subjects from their Allegiance; and strictly enjoined them, upon Pain of GOD Almighty’s Displeasure, not to lend her any Help or Assistance, but to join the _Spanish_ Army, and the Duke of _Parma_’s Forces, as soon as they should be landed: Promising withal a plenary Indulgence and the Pardon of all their Sins, to as many as would engage in so laudable an Undertaking.

* * * * *

Such were the extraordinary Preparations made by the _Spaniards_ for invading _England_. Preparations so great and so dreadful, that all _Europe_ was alarmed at them. Most Sovereigns expected for some Time, with the utmost Horror and Astonishment, where the threatening Storm, which had been so long gathering, would at last fall. But this, though kept as a great Secret, did not long escape the great Sir _Francis Walsingham_’s Sagacity. [27]He had Intelligence from _Madrid_, that King _Philip_ had told his Council, he had dispatched an Express to _Rome_ with a Letter writ with his own Hand to the Pope, acquainting him with the true Design of his Preparations, and asking his Blessing upon it; which for some Reasons he would not yet disclose to them, ’till the Return of the Courier. The Secret being thus lodg’d with the Pope, _Walsingham_, by the means of a _Venetian_ Priest retain’d at _Rome_ as his Spy, got a Copy of the original Letter, which was stolen out of the Pope’s Cabinet by a Gentleman of the Bed-Chamber, who took the Keys out of the Pope’s Pocket whilst he slept. Upon this Intelligence _Walsingham_ found a Way to retard the _Spanish_ Invasion for a whole Year, by getting the _Spanish_ Bills protested at _Genoa_, which should have supplied them with Money to carry on their Preparations.

Queen _Elizabeth_, it may well be supposed, could not help being extremely anxious about the issue of the great and dreadful Preparations that were going on, to deprive her of her Crown and Dignity, and perhaps of her [28]Life. This inclined her more readily to embrace some Overtures of Peace, made to her by the _Spaniard_[29]: But it being soon found out that they were intended only to lull her asleep, and induce her, by depending upon a Peace, to be careless of her own Defence; and moreover, _Henry_ III King of _France_ sending her Word, [30]she ought to stand upon her Guard; she did not therefore rely much on the Negociations in hand, but took all proper Measures for securing herself, and protecting her Dominions.

Her Situation was indeed very melancholy, and her Fears well grounded: For she was without so much as one Ally abroad, except the _United-Provinces_, which themselves wanted Assistance; and at home she had a factious and discontented Party, ready to join with the Enemy: But, by the Assistance of Heaven, by her good Management, and the sincere Affection of the Generality of her People, she surmounted all Difficulties, and came off Conqueror.

When she was sure the _Spaniards_ Preparations were design’d against her, that she might not be taken unprovided, she fitted out as strong a Fleet as she possibly could; and herein so great was the Diligence of her Subjects, [31]that though her Preparations were begun but about the 1st of _November_ 1587, yet her Fleet was ready to put to Sea by the 20th of _December_ the same Year.

[32]_Charles_ Lord _Howard_ of _Effingham_, High Admiral of _England_, a Person of great Prudence and Bravery, was appointed Commander in Chief of this whole Fleet. His Instructions were, To repair to the Westward, in conjunction with Sir _Francis Drake_ Vice-Admiral, and Captain _John Hawkins_, and Captain _Martin Frobisher_ Rear-Admirals: At the same Time, the Lord _Henry Seymour_, second Son of the late Duke of _Somerset_, had Orders to lye on the Coast of _Flanders_, with forty _English_ and _Dutch_ Ships (the latter under the Command of _Justin_ of _Nassau_, Admiral of _Zealand_) to prevent the Duke of _Parma_’s putting out to Sea with his Forces.

For Land Service, there were disposed along the Southern Coasts of _England_ twenty thousand Men. Besides which, two Armies were raised of choice, well-disciplin’d, and experienced Men; one (under the Command of _Robert Dudley_ Earl of _Leicester_, consisting of one thousand Horse, and twenty two thousand Foot,) was encamped at _Tilbury_, near the _Thames_ Mouth, for the Safeguard of the City of _London_; because it was given out that the _Spaniards_, after having joined the Duke of _Parma_, intended to come up the _Thames_, in order to make themselves Masters of the Metropolis of the Kingdom. The other Army, under the Command of _Henry Carey_ Lord _Hunsdon_, consisted of thirty four thousand Foot, and two thousand Horse, and was destined to guard the Queen’s Person.

_Arthur_ Lord _Grey_, Sir _Francis Knolles_, Sir _John Norris_, Sir _Richard Bingham_, and Sir _Roger Williams_, Knights, and excellent Soldiers, were chosen to consult about the best Way of managing the War at Land. After mature Deliberation, they thought fit that the most convenient Landing-Places for the Enemy, as well out of _Spain_ as out of the _Low-Countries_, should be well mann’d and fortify’d, namely _Milford-Haven_, _Falmouth_, _Plymouth_, _Portland_, the Isle of _Wight_, _Portsmouth_, the open Coast of _Kent_ called the _Downs_, the _Thames_ Mouth, _Harwich_, _Yarmouth_, _Hull_, _&c._ that the Train’d Bands, all along the Maritime Counties, should meet in Arms upon a Signal given, to defend the said Ports, and do their best to prevent the Enemy’s landing; and, in Case of their landing, that they should lay all the Country waste round about, and leave neither Booty nor Forage for them; that they should annoy them Night and Day with continual Alarms, so as to give them no Rest; but not venture the Hazard of a Battle, ’till more Commanders with their Companies should come up; of whom one in every Shire was nominated Chief.

Moreover, the active Queen, in order to quicken the Zeal and Diligence of her Subjects, especially of those who lay near the Sea-Coasts, caused Letters to be sent to the chief of them: Wherein, after putting them in mind of the common and imminent Danger the whole Nation was in, she told them, that she “expected on this extraordinary Occasion, a larger Proportion of Furniture, both for Horsemen and Footmen; thereby to be in their best Strength against any Attempt whatsoever, to be employed, whether about her own Person, or otherwise. And the Number she required them to signify to her Privy-Council[33].” She required moreover the Nobility in the several Counties, to provide themselves, and their Servants and Dependants in like manner, with Horses and Armour, to be ready to repair upon Summons to the Queen, for Defence of her Person: And to this Purpose Letters were address’d to them from the Lords of the Council, by her Command.

Such were the Directions given. [34]And accordingly Cities, Counties, Towns, and Villages, the Cinque-Ports, and all other Havens of _England_, manifested as great Forwardness in their zealous Love and Duty, as either Subjects could perform, or Prince expect. The City of _London_, in particular, being requested by the Privy-Council, to find five thousand Men, and fifteen Ships, they willingly and cheerfully furnished thirty Ships provided with all Necessaries, and ten thousand able Men, well armed and trained; besides which, they kept in readiness thirty thousand Men more, prepared to march wherever there should be Occasion[35]; and also lent the Queen fifty one thousand nine hundred Pounds, in ready Money.

Then, as to the rest of the Nation: [36]As soon as it was reported that the Queen was come near _London_, and the _Spanish_ Fleet appeared in the Channel, the greatest Part of the Nobility, except those that were obliged to stay in each County on account of their Offices, repaired to _London_, to preserve the Queen’s Person; bringing with them goodly Bands of Horsemen, about five thousand in all, and maintaining them at their own Charge ’till the _Spanish_ Navy was known to be passed beyond _Scotland_: These were the Lord Chancellor _Hatton_, the Earls of _Lincoln_, _Warwick_, _Leicester_, _Essex_, _Worcester_, and _Hereford_; the Lord Viscount _Montacute_; the Lords _Burghley_, _Compton_, _Morley_, _Rich_, _Dacres_, _Windsor_, _Audley_, _Sandes_, _Mordaunt_, _Lumley_, _Mountjoy_, _Stourton_, and _Darcy_.

In a Word, all Persons throughout _England_ in general, unanimously concurred to be ready to serve for the Defence of the Queen and Kingdom[37]: In this there was no Difference between the Catholic and the Protestant, but herein appeared a perfect Sympathy, Concourse, and Consent of all Sorts of Persons, without respect of Religion. By this hearty Zeal, seconded with suitable Endeavours, it came to pass, that some Counties were able to bring into the Field twenty thousand, and others even forty thousand able fighting Men: The Maritime Counties, in particular, on the South and East of _England_, from _Cornwall_ to _Lincolnshire_, were so well furnished with a stout and well regulated Militia, that there was no Place for landing foreign Forces, but within eight and forty Hours there could resort to that Place above twenty thousand fighting Men, with Ordnance and other suitable Provisions.

And that the Popish discontented Party at home might neither join the Enemy, nor favour their Descent, the Queen caused the most obnoxious of them to be imprisoned in _Wisbich-Castle_ in the Isle of _Ely_.

She also directed [38]Sir _William Fitz-Williams_, Lord Deputy of _Ireland_, what to do, in case the Enemy should land in any Part of his Government, and pointed out to him what Precautions he should use to hinder the _Irish_ from rising.

There remained only the King of _Scots_, of whom Queen _Elizabeth_ had most Reason to be afraid; since she had newly given him an unpardonable Provocation, namely, in causing his Mother to be publickly beheaded, who was a Sovereign Princess, independent of her. This was sufficient to dispose him, out of a Principle of Revenge, to favour the Descent of the _Spaniards_ in one Extremity of the Kingdom, by making a Diversion in the other. With that View he had been tampered with by the Duke of _Parma_, and had received from him Offers of Assistance[39]: But the politic Queen so effectually caress’d him, made him such advantageous Proposals, and so plainly convinc’d him, that the Loss of _England_ would not fail of being attended with that of _Scotland_[40]; that he, sensible of the common Danger wherewith he was threatened, declar’d the _Spaniards_ Enemies, and made Preparations against them with great Chearfulness and Alacrity: [41]Giving a strict Charge upon all the Sea-Coasts, that the _Spaniards_ should not be suffered to land in any Part, but that the _English_ might land, and be reliev’d of any Wants: [42]He moreover offer’d Queen _Elizabeth_ his Forces, his Person, and all that he could command, to be employed against the common Enemy: And he humourously observ’d upon this Occasion[43], _That he look’d for no other Favour from the Spaniards, than what_ Polyphemus _promis’d_ Ulysses, _that he should be reserv’d for the last Morsel_.

* * * * *

After this general Account, the Reader will undoubtedly be pleased to see a particular List of the Fleets on both Sides, which I have accordingly subjoined hereunto.

SECT. II.

A complete List of the _Spanish_ Fleet, called
the INVINCIBLE ARMADA[44].

The Squadron of _Portuguese_ Galleons, _&c._ under the particular
Command of the Generalissimo, the Duke of MEDINA SIDONIA.

Number Number
of of

Ships. Burden Guns. Mariners. Soldiers.
Tuns.

The _St. Martin_, Captain 1000 50 177 300
General of all the Fleet,

_St. John_, Admiral General, 1050 50 170 231

_St. Mark_, 792 117 292

_St. Philip_, 800 40 117 415

_St. Lewis_, 830 40 116 376

_St. Matthew_, 750 40 50 177

_St. James_, 520 30 100 300

Galleon of _Florence_, 961 52 100 300

_St. Christopher_, 352 30 90 300

_St. Bernard_, 352 30 100 280

Zabra _Augusta_, 166 13 55 55

Zabra _Julia_, 166 14 50 60

──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
7739 389 1242 3086
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────

The Fleet of _Biscay_, commanded by Don JUAN MARTINEZ DE RECALDE, Captain General.

_St. Ann_, Admiral, 768 30 114 323

_Grangrina_, Admiral, 1160 36 100 300

_St. James_, 660 30 102 250

_Conception of Zubelzu_, 468 20 70 100

_Conception of Juan del Cavo_, 418 24 70 164

_Magdalena de Juan Francesco 330 22 70 200
d’ Ayala_,

_St. John_, 350 24 80 130

_Mary_, 165 24 100 180

_Manuel_, 520 16 54 130

_St. Mary de Monte Majore_, 707 30 50 220

_Mary of Aguiare_, 70 10 23 30

_Isabella_, 71 12 23 30

_Michael de Susa_, 96 12 24 30

_St. Stephen_, 78 12 26 30

──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
5861 302 906 2117
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────

The Fleet of _Castile_, commanded by Don DIEGO FLOREZ DE VALDEZ, General.

The _St. Christopher_ Galleon, 700 40 120 205
General,

_St. John Baptist_ Galleon, 750 30 140 250

_St. Peter_ Galleon, 530 40 140 130

_St. John_ Galleon, 530 30 120 170

_St. James the Great_ Galleon, 530 30 132 230

_St. Philip and St. James_ 530 30 116 159
Galleon,

_Ascension_ Galleon, 530 30 114 220

Galleon of our Lady _del 130 30 108 170
Barrio_,

Galleon of St. _Medel_ and 530 30 110 170
_Celedon_,

_St. Anne_ Galleon, 250 24 80 100

Ship, _Our Lord of Vigonia_, 750 30 130 190

_Trinity_, 780 30 122 200

_St. Katherine_, 862 30 160 200

_St. John Baptist_, 659 30 130 200

Pinnace of our Lady _della 24 25 30
Rosaria_,

_St. Anthony of Padua_ 16 46 300
Pinnace,

──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
8054 474 1793 2924
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────

The _Andalusian_ Squadron, commanded by Don PEDRO DE VALDEZ, General.

The _General-Ship_, 1550 50 118 304
_St. Francis_ Admiral, 915 30 60 230
_St. John Baptist_ Galleon, 810 40 40 250
_St. Gargeran_, 569 20 60 170
_Conception_, 862 25 65 200
_Duquesa St. Ann_, 900 30 80 250
_Trinity_, 650 20 80 200
_St. Mary de Juncar_, 730 30 80 240
_St. Katherine_, 730 30 80 259
_St. Bartholomew_, 730 30 80 225
_Holy Ghost_ Pinnace, 10 33 40
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
8692 315 776 2359
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────

The Squadron of _Guypuscoa_, commanded by Don MIGHEL DE OQUENDA.

_St. Ann_, General, 1200 50 60 300

Ship, _Our Lady of the Rose_, 945 30 64 230
Admiral,

_St. Saviour_, 958 30 50 330

_St. Stephen_, 936 30 70 200

_St. Martha_, 548 25 70 180

_St. Barba_, 525 15 50 160

_St. Bonaventura_, 369 15 60 170

_Mary_, 291 15 40 120

_Santa Cruce_, 680 20 40 150

_Ursa doncella_ Hulk, 500 18 40 160

_Annunciation_ Pinnace, 60 12 16 30

_St. Barnaby_, 60 12 16 30

_Magdalene_, 60 12 16 30

Pinnace, _Our Lady of 60 12 16 30
Guadalupe_,

──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
7192 296 608 2120
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────

The _Eastern_ Fleet of Ships, called _Levantiscas_, commanded by Don MARTINEZ DE VERTENDONA.

The _Ragazone_, General, 1294 35 90 350
_Rama_, Admiral, 728 30 80 210
_Rata, St. Mary_, crowned, 820 40 90 340
_St. John of Cecilia_, 880 30 70 290
_Trinity Valencera_, 1000 41 90 240
_Annunciation_, 730 30 90 200
_St. Nicolas, Prodaveli_, 834 30 84 280
_Juliana_, 780 36 80 330
_St. Mary of Pison_, 666 22 80 250
_Trinity Escala_, 900 25 90 302
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
8632 319 844 2792
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────

The Fleet of Ships, called _Urcas_, or _Hulks_, commanded by Don JUAN LOPEZ DE MEDINA.

_Great Griffin_, General, 650 40 60 240
_St. Saviour_, Admiral, 650 30 60 230
_Sea Dog_, 200 10 30 80
_White Falcon_, 500 18 40 160
_Black Castle_, 750 25 50 250
_Bark of Hamburg_, 600 25 50 250
_House of Peace_, 600 25 50 250
_St. Peter the Greater_, 600 25 50 250
_Sampson_, 600 25 50 250
_St. Peter the Less_, 600 25 50 250
_Bark of Dantzick_, 450 26 50 210
_White Falcon, Mediana_, 300 18 30 80
_St. Andrew_, 400 15 40 160
_Little House of Peace_, 350 15 40 160
_Flying Raven_, 400 18 40 210
_White Dove_, 250 12 30 60
_Adventure_, 600 19 40 60
_Santa Barba_, 600 19 40 60
_Cat_, 400 9 30 50
_St. Gabriel_, 280 9 25 50
_Esayas_, 280 9 25 50
_St. James_, 600 19 40 60
_Peter Martin_, 200 30 30 80
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
10860 466 950 4170
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────

Pataches and Zabras commanded by Don ANTONIO DE MENDOZA.

_Our Lady del Pilar de 300 12 50 120
Saragossa_,

_English Charity_, 180 12 36 80

_St. Andrew of Scotland_, 150 12 30 51

_Crucifix_, 150 8 30 50

_Our Lady of the Port_, 150 8 30 50

_Conception of Caraffa_, 70 8 30 50

_Our Lady of Begova_, 70 8 30 50

_Conception of Capitillo_, 60 8 30 50

_St. Hieronymus_, 60 8 30 60

_Our Lady of Grace_, 60 8 30 60

_Conception of Francis 60 8 30 60
Lastero_,

_Our Lady of Guadalupe_, 60 8 30 60

_St. Francis_, 60 8 30 60

_Holy Ghost_, 60 8 30 60

_Our Lady of Frenesda_, 60 8 30 60

_Zabra of the Trinity_, 60 8 30 60

_Zabra of our Lady del 60 8 30 60
Castro_,

_St. Andrew_, 60 8 30 60

_Conception_, 60 8 30 60

_Conception of Sommariba_, 60 8 30 60

_Santa Clara_, 60 8 30 60

_St. Katherine_, 60 8 30 60

_St. John de Caraffa_, 60 8 30 60

_Assumption_, 60 8 30 60

──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
2090 204 746 1103
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────

The four Galleasses of _Naples_, commanded by Don HUGO DE MONCADA.

_St. Laurence_ General, 50 130 270
_Patrona_, 50 112 180
_Girona_, 50 120 170
_Neopolitana_, 50 115 124
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
200 477 744
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────

These four Galleasses had Slaves 1200.

The four Gallies of _Portugal_, commanded by Don DIEGO DE MEDRANA.

The _Capitana_, 50 106 110
_Princess_, 50 106 110
_Diana_, 50 106 110
_Vazana_, 50 106 110
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
200 424 440
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────

In these four Gallies were Slaves 888.

The List of the ENGLISH FLEET[45].

Ships. Tuns. Sailors. Captains.

The _Ark Raleigh_, 800 425 The Lord _Charles Howard_,
Lord High Admiral.

_Elizabeth 600 250 The Earl of _Cumberland_.
Bonaventure_,

_Rainbow_, 500 250 The Lord _Henry Seymor_.

_Golden Lion_, 500 250 The Lord _Thomas Howard_.

_White Bear_, 1000 500 The Lord _Edmund Sheffield_.

_Vanguard_, 500 250 Sir _William Winter_.

_Revenge_, 500 250 Sir _Francis Drake_,
Vice-Admiral.

_Elizabeth Jonas_, 900 500 Sir _Robert Southwell_.

_Victory_, 800 400 Sir _John Hawkins_,
Rear-Admiral.

_Antelope_, 400 160 Sir _Henry Palmer_.

_Triumph_, 1100 500 Sir _Martin Forbisher_.

_Dreadnought_, 400 200 Sir _George Beeston_.

_Mary-Rose_, 600 250 _Edward Fenton_.

_Nonpareil_, 500 250 _Thomas Fennar_.

_Hope_, 600 250 _Robert Cross_.

_Galley Bonavolta_, 250 _William Buroughs_.

_Swift-sure_, 400 200 _Edward Fennar_.

_Swallow_, 300 160 _Richard Hawkins_.

_Foresight_, 300 160 _Christopher Baker_.

_Aid_, 250 120 _William Fennar_.

_Bull_, 200 100 _Jeremy Turner_.

_Tyger_, 200 100 _John Bostock_.

_Tramontana_, 150 70 _Luke Ward_.

_Scout_, 120 70 _Henry Ashley_.

_Achates_, 100 60 _George Rigges_.

_Charles_, 70 40 _John Roberts_.

_Moon_, 60 40 _Alexander Clifford_.

_Advice_, 50 40 _John Harris_.

_Spy_, 50 40 _Ambrose Ward_.

_Martin_, 50 35 _Walter Gower_.

_Sun_, 40 30 _Richard Buckley_.

_Signet_, 30 20 _John Shrive_.

_Brigantine_, 35 _Thomas Scot_.

_George_ Hoye, 120 24 _Richard Hodges_.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
11850 6279
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

2. Ships serving by Tunnage with the Lord Admiral.

_White Lion_, 140 50 _Charles Howard_.
_Disdain_, 80 45 _Jonas Bradbery_.
_Lark_, 50 30 _Thomas Chichester_.
_Edward of Malden_, 180 30 _William Pierce_.
_Marigold_, 30 20 _William Newton_.
_Black Dog_, 20 10 _John Davis_.
_Catherine_, 20 10
_Fancy_, 50 20 _John Paul_.
_Poppin_, 20 8
_Nightingal_, 160 16 _John Doate_.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
750 239
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

3. Ships serving with Sir FRANCIS DRAKE.

The Galleon 400 160 _George Fennar_.
_Leicester_,

_Merchant Royal_, 400 160 _Robert Flyke_.

_Edward 300 120 _James Lancaster_.
Bonaventure_,

_Roebuck_, 300 120 _Jacob Whitton_.

_Golden Noble_, 250 110 _Adam Seigar_.

_Griffin_, 200 100 _William Hawkins_.

_Minion_, 200 80 _William Winter_.

Bark _Talbot_, 200 90 _Henry White_.

_Thomas Drake_, 200 80 _Henry Spendelow_.

_Spark_, 200 90 _William Spark_.

_Hopewell_, 200 100 _John Marchaunt_.

Galleon _Dudley_, 250 100 _James Erizey_.

_Virgin, 200 80 _John Greenfield_.
God-save-her_,

_Hope of Plymouth_, 200 70 _John Rivers_.

Bark _Bond_, 150 70 _William Poole_.

Bark _Bonner_, 150 70 _Charles Cæsar_.

Bark _Hawkins_, 150 70 ... _Pridexe_.

_Unity_, 80 70 _Humphry Sidnam_.

_Elizabeth-Drake_, 60 30 _Thomas Seely_.

Bark _Buggins_, 80 50 _John Langford_.

Frigat _Elizabeth 80 50 _Roger Grant_.
Fonnes_,

Bark _Sellinger_, 160 80 _John Sellinger_.

Bark _Mannington_, 160 80 _Ambrose Mannington_.

_Golden Hind_, 50 30 _Thomas Flemming_.

_Makeshift_, 60 40 _Peerce Leman_.

_Diamond of 60 40 _Robert Holland_.
Dartmouth_,

_Speedwell_, 60 14 _Hugh Harding_.

_Bear-Young_, 140 70 _John Young_.

_Chance_, 60 40 _James Foues_.

_Delight_, 50 30 _William Cox_.

_Nightingale_, 40 30 _John Grisling_.

_Carvel_, 30 24

───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
5120 2348
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

4. _London_ Ships, fitted out by the City.

_Hercules_, 300 120 _George Barnes_.

_Toby_, 250 100 _Robert Barret_.

_May-Flower_, 200 90 _Edward Banks_.

_Minion_, 200 90 _John Dales_.

_Royal-Defence_, 160 80 _John Chester_.

_Ascension_, 200 100 _John Bacon_.

_Gift of God_, 180 80 _Thomas Luntlowe_.

_Primrose_, 200 90 _Robert Bringboorn_.

_Margaret and John_, 200 90 _John Fisher_.

_Golden Lion_, 140 70 _Robert Wilcox_.

_Diana_, 80 70

Bark _Burre_, 160 70 _John Saracole_.

_Teigur_, 200 90 _William Cæsar_.

_Bersabe_, 160 70 _William Furthoe_.

_Red Lion_, 200 90 _Jarvis Wild_.

_Centurion_, 250 100 _Samuel Foxcraft_.

_Passport_, 80 40 _Christopher Colthirst_.

_Moonshine_, 60 30 _John Brough_.

_Thomas 140 70 _William Adridge_.
Bonaventure_,

_Relief_, 60 30 _John King_.

_Susan Ann Parnell_, 220 80 _Nicholas George_.

_Violet_, 220 60 _Martin Hakes_.

_Solomon_, 170 80 _Edmund Musgrave_.

_Ann Francis_, 180 70 _Christopher Lister_.

_George 200 80 _Eleazar Hikeman_.
Bonaventure_,

_Jane Bonaventure_, 100 50 _Thomas Hallwood_.

_Vinyard_, 160 60 _Benjamin Cook_.

_Samuel_, 140 50 _John Vassel_.

_George Noble_, 150 80 _Henry Bellinger_.

_Anthony_, 110 60 _George Harper_.

_Toby_, 140 70 _Christopher Pigott_.

_Salamander_, 120 60 ... _Samford_.

_Rose Lion_, 110 50 _Barnaby Acton_.

_Antelope_, 120 60 ... _Dennison_.

_Jewel_, 120 60 ... _Rewell_.

_Paunce_, 160 70 _William Butler_.

_Providence_, 130 60 _Richard Chester_.

_Dolphin_, 160 70 _William Hares_.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
6130 2710
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

5. Coasters with the Lord Admiral.

Bark _Web_, 80 50

_John Trelawny_, 150 70 _Thomas Meeke_.

_Hart of Dartmouth_, 60 30 _James Houghton_.

Bark _Potts_, 180 80 _Anthony Potts_.

_Little John_, 40 20 _Lawrence Cleyton_.

_Bartholomew of 130 70 _Nicolas Wright_.
Apsham_,

_Rose of Apsham_, 110 50 _Thomas Sandy_.

_Gift of Apsham_, 25 20

_Jacob of Lime_, 90 50

_Revenge of Lime_, 60 30 _Richard Bedford_.

_William of 70 30 _John Smith_.
Bridgewater_,

_Crescent of 140 75
Dartmouth_,

Galleon _of 100 50 _Richard Miller_.
Weymouth_,

_Katherine of 60 30
Weymouth_,

_John of 70 50 _John Young_.
Chichester_,

_Hearty Ann_, 60 30 _John Winoll_.

_Minion of Bristol_, 230 110 _John Satchfield_.

_Unicorn of 130 66 _James Laughton_.
Bristol_,

_Handmaid of 85 56 _Christopher Pitt_.
Bristol_,

_Aid of Bristol_, 60 26 _William Megar_.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
1930 993
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

6. Coasters with the Lord HENRY SEYMOR.

_Daniel_, 160 70 _Robert Johnson_.

Galleon _Hutchins_, 150 60 _Thomas Tucker_.

Bark _Lamb_, 150 60 _Leonard Harvel_.

_Fancy_, 60 30 _Richard Fearn_.

_Griffin_, 75 35 _John Dobson_.

_Little Hare_, 50 25 _Matthew Railston_.

_Handmaid_, 75 35 _John Gatenbury_.

_Marygold_, 150 70 _Francis Johnson_.

_Matthew_, 35 16 _Richard Mitchel_.

_Susan_, 40 20 _John Musgrave_.

_William of 140 30 _Barnaby Lewe_.
Ipswich_,

_Katherine of 125 50 _Thomas Grimble_.
Ipswich_,

_Primrose of 120 40 _John Cardinal_.
Harwich_,

_Ann-Bonaventure_, 60 50 _John Conny_.

_William of Rye_, 80 60 _William Coxon_.

_Grace of God_, 50 30 _William Fordred_.

_Ellnathan of 120 70 _John Lidgier_.
Dover_,

_Reuben of 110 68 _William Crippt_.
Sandwich_,

_Hazard of 38 34 _Nicolas Turner_.
Feversham_,

_Grace of Yarmouth_, 150 70 _William Musgrave_.

_May-flower_, 150 70 _Alexander Musgrave_.

_William of 100 50 _Thomas Lambert_.
Brickelsea_,

_John Young_, 60 30 _Reynold Veyzey_.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
2248 1073
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

7. Volunteers with the Lord Admiral.

_Samson_, 300 08 _John Mingfield_.

_Francis of Foy_, 140 0 _John Resbley_.

_Heath-Hen of 60 0
Weymouth_,

_Golden Rial of 120 0
Weymouth_,

Bark _Sutton of 70 0 _Hugh Preston_.
Weymouth_,

_Carowse_, 50 5

_Samaritan of 250 0
Dartmouth_,

_William of 120 0
Plymouth_,

_Gallego of 30 0
Plymouth_,

Bark _Haulse_, 60 0 _Greenfield Haulse_.

_Unicorn of 76 0 _Ralph Hawes_.
Dartmouth_,

_Grace of Apsham_, 100 0 _Walter Edney_.

_Thomas 60 0 _John Pentyre_.
Bonaventure_,

_Rat of Wight_, 80 0 _Gilbert Lea_.

_Margett_, 60 46 _William Hubberd_.

_Elizabeth of 40 30
Laystaff_,

_Raphael_, 40 30

_Fly-boat Young_, 60 40 _Nicolas Webb_.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
1716 859
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

8. Victuallers.

Sailors Captain

_Elizabeth 60
Bonaventure of
London_,

_Pelican_, 50

_Hope_, 40

_Unity_, 40

_Pearl_, 50

_Elizabeth of 60
London_,

_John of London_, 70

_Barsaby_, 60

_Marygold_, 50

_White Hind_, 40

_Gift of God_, 40

_Jonas of 50
Alborough_,

_Solomon of 60
Alborough_,

_Richard Duffield_, 70

_Mary Rose_, 70 _Francis Burnell_.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
810
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

_John of 40
Barnstaple_,
_Greyhound of 65
Alborough_,
_Jonas_, 30
_Fortune of 25
Alborough_,
_Hearts-Ease_, 24 _Henry Harpham_.
_Elizabeth of Low 30
Astoff_,
A Galley, not 250
specified by Name,
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
474
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SECT. III.

BOTH Sides being thus fitted out, and prepared for Action, let us now proceed,

_Thirdly_, To give an Account of the Expedition, and the several Engagements between the two Fleets, with the final Event of the whole.