Chapter IV: Engine of James Watt

Advantages of the Atmospheric Engine over that of Captain Savery.
-- It contained no new Principle. -- Papin's Engine. -- James
Watt. -- Particulars of his Life. -- His first conceptions of the
Means of economising Heat. -- Principle of his projected
Improvements. 69

CHAPTER V.

WATT'S SINGLE-ACTING STEAM ENGINE.

Expansive Principle applied. -- Failure of Roebuck, and
partnership with Bolton. -- Patent extended to 1800. -- Counter.
-- Difficulties in getting the Engines into Use. 80

CHAPTER VI.

DOUBLE-ACTING STEAM ENGINE.

The Single-acting Engine unfit to impel Machinery. -- Various
Contrivances to adapt it to this Purpose. -- Double-Cylinder. --
Double-acting Cylinder. -- Various modes of connecting the Piston
with the Beam. -- Rack and Sector. -- Double Chain. -- Parallel
Motion. -- Crank. -- Sun and Planet Motion. -- Fly Wheel. --
Governor. 91

CHAPTER VII.

DOUBLE-ACTING STEAM ENGINE, _continued_.

On the Valves of the Double-acting Steam Engine. -- Original
Valves. -- Spindle Valves. -- Sliding Valve. -- D Valve. --
Four-Way Cock. 108

CHAPTER VIII.

BOILER AND ITS APPENDAGES.

Level Gauges. -- Feeding apparatus. -- Steam Gauge. -- Barometer
Gauge. -- Safety Valves. -- Self-regulating Damper. --
Edelcrantz's Valve. -- Furnace. -- Smoke-consuming Furnace. --
Brunton's Self-regulating Furnace. -- Oldham's Modification. 117

CHAPTER IX.

DOUBLE-CYLINDER ENGINES.

Hornblower's Engine. -- Woolf's Engine. -- Cartwright's
Engine. 134

CHAPTER X.

LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES ON RAILWAYS.

High-pressure Engines. -- Leupold's Engine. -- Trevithick and
Vivian. -- Effects of Improvement in Locomotion. -- Historical
Account of the Locomotive Engine. -- Blenkinsop's Patent. --
Chapman's Improvement. -- Walking Engine. -- Stephenson's First
Engines. -- His Improvements. -- Liverpool and Manchester Railway
Company. -- Their Preliminary Proceedings. -- The Great
Competition of 1829. -- The Rocket. -- The Sanspareil. -- The
Novelty. -- Qualities of the Rocket. -- Successive Improvements.
-- Experiments. -- Defects of the Present Engines. -- Inclined
Planes. -- Methods of surmounting them. -- Circumstances of the
Manchester Railway Company. -- Probable Improvements in
Locomotives. -- Their capabilities with respect to speed. --
Probable Effects of the Projected Railroads. -- Steam Power
compared with Horse Power. -- Railroads compared with Canals. 145

CHAPTER XI.

LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES ON TURNPIKE ROADS.

Railway and Turnpike Roads compared. -- Mr. Gurney's inventions.
-- His Locomotive Steam Engine. -- Its performances. --
Prejudices and errors. -- Committee of the House of Commons. --
Convenience and safety of Steam Carriages. -- Hancock's Steam
Carriage. -- Mr. N. Ogle. -- Trevithick's invention. --
Proceedings against Steam Carriages. -- Turnpike Bills. -- Steam
Carriage between Gloucester and Cheltenham. -- Its
discontinuance. -- Report of the Committee of the Commons. --
Present State and Prospects of Steam Carriages. 213

CHAPTER XII.

STEAM NAVIGATION.

Propulsion by paddle-wheels. -- Manner of driving them. -- Marine
Engine. -- Its form and arrangement. -- Proportion of its
cylinder. -- Injury to boilers by deposites and incrustation. --
Not effectually removed by blowing out. -- Mr. Samuel Hall's
condenser. -- Its advantages. -- Originally suggested by Watt. --
Hall's _steam saver_. -- Howard's vapour engine. -- Morgan's
paddle-wheels. -- Limits of steam navigation. -- Proportion of
tonnage to power. -- Average speed. -- Consumption of fuel. --
Iron Steamers. -- American steam raft. -- Steam navigation to
India. -- By Egypt and the Red Sea to Bombay. -- By same route to
Calcutta. -- By Syria and the Euphrates to Bombay. -- Steam
communication with the United States from the west coast of
Ireland to St. Johns, Halifax, and New York. 241