Chapter I: Front Matter

THE STONE AGE IN
NORTH AMERICA

FIG. 223. (_S. 1–1._)

_Two grooved effigies and two celts, from the Bahama Islands, West
Indies. Reproduced in natural colors. B. W. Arnold’s collection,
Albany, New York._
]

THE STONE AGE IN NORTH AMERICA
AN ARCHÆOLOGICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE IMPLEMENTS, ORNAMENTS, WEAPONS,
UTENSILS, ETC., OF THE PREHISTORIC TRIBES OF NORTH AMERICA, WITH MORE
THAN THREE HUNDRED FULL-PAGE PLATES AND FOUR HUNDRED FIGURES
ILLUSTRATING OVER FOUR THOUSAND DIFFERENT OBJECTS

BY

WARREN K. MOOREHEAD, A.M.

CURATOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AMERICAN ARCHÆOLOGY, PHILLIPS ACADEMY,
MEMBER OF THE BOARD OF INDIAN COMMISSIONERS, ETC.

IN TWO VOLUMES
VOL. II

]

BOSTON AND NEW YORK

HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY

=The Riverside Press Cambridge=

1910

COPYRIGHT, 1910, BY WARREN K. MOOREHEAD
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

_Published December 1910_

CONTENTS

XXV. GROUND STONE 1
Effigies in stone and wood—bird-stones 1
Animal and human effigies 20

XXVI. GROUND STONE 29
Stone pipes 29
The classification of pipes 32

XXVII. GROUND STONE 95
Mortars and pestles 95

XXVIII. OBJECTS OF SHELL 117

XXIX. OBJECTS OF BONE 134
Mandan bone implements 149

XXX. OBJECTS OF COPPER 161
The native copper implements of Wisconsin 161
Fabrication 172
Distribution 174
Classes and functions 178
Axes 180
Chisels 184
Spuds 186
Gouges 188
Adzes 189
Spatulas 192
Knives 196
Arrow- and spear-points 198
Harpoon-points 214
Pikes and punches 216
Awls and drills 219
Spikes 220
Needles 221
Fish-hooks—peculiar implements 222
Banner-stones—beads 224
Bangles 225
Finger-rings—ear-rings 226
Ear-spools or ear-plugs—gorgets and pendants 227
Crescents 228
Other ornaments 230

XXXI. TEXTILE FABRICS 235

XXXII. POTTERY OF THE UNITED STATES 247

XXXIII. HEMATITE OBJECTS 295

XXXIV. MISCELLANEOUS OBJECTS 308

XXXV. THE STONE AGE IN EASTERN CANADA, UTAH, AND DAKOTA 330
Eastern Canada 330
The Plains of western and central Canada 333
The stone age in Utah 336
Objects made of wood 336
Textiles; feather objects; bone objects 337
Objects made from teeth; shell objects; stone objects;
pottery objects 338
The stone age in Dakota 339
Hide and bark 339
Objects made from deer antlers; bone objects; shell
objects 340
Stone objects 341
Objects of copper; of pottery; of unbaked clay 342

XXXVI. CONCLUSIONS 344
The population in prehistoric times 344
The stone age in historic times 348
The antiquity of man in America 350
Adaptation to conditions 354
Art in ancient times and modern art 355

XXXVII. CONCLUSIONS 357
The ancient culture-groups 357
The stone-age point of view 363
Field study needed 365

BIBLIOGRAPHY 369

INDEX 411

THE STONE AGE IN NORTH AMERICA