Chapter M: Macaques, 1529

Macassar-poison tree, 1172

Mackerel skies, 823-24

Macrospores, 962, 965-66, 1365-67

Magellan, 1098

Magellanic clouds, 147-48, 167

Magnol, 992-94

Magnolias, 906, 916

Magpies, 1630

Maguey-plants, 1140

Magyars, 1672, 1674

Maize, 944

Malays, 1676-77

Malpighi, 988

Malvaceæ, 950

Mamillaria, 1182, 1187

Mammals, herbivorous, 886

Mammalia, 1513-20, 1535, 1552
protective colors, 1598-1600

Mammoth Cave, 615

Man, 1518, 1679
birthplace of, 1654, 1682
brain of, 1689
cranium of, 1692
definition of, 1679
facial angle of, 1692-94
first appearance of, 1647-56
hand of, 1691
migration of, 1680-86
primitive, 1656-67
senses of, 1690-92

Manchineel, the, 1164-65

Mandioc, 1164

Manioc, 945

Mankind, distribution of, 1667-68
ethnological division of, 1669-71
races of, 1667-78, 1682, 1685-89

Marco Polo, 986

Mare’s tails. See _Equisetaceæ_

Mariotte, 804

Marmosets, 1555

Marmots, 1615

Mars, 131, 312, 313, 331, 340, 385-96
atmosphere of, 393-94
canals on, 388-91
climate of, 394
diameter of, 385
“Eye of,” 388
Hour Glass Sea, 392
lakes of, 388
moons of, 395
rotation of, 386
seasons of, 386
spectrum of, 392

Marshes, 628-34

Marsupialia, 1534-35, 1536

Marsupials, 1539, 1558

Martins, Ch., 814-16

Martius, 899-902, 921, 1165

Martius’s region, 941

Maskelyne, 426

Mastodon, the, 492-93, 1533

Ma-tuan-lin, annals of (Chinese), 221, 222, 226

Mauna Loa, 557

Maury, 301, 730, 840, 842, 1266

Maxwell, Clerk, 419

Mayflies, 1415-16

Medusa, Head of, 85

Medusæ, the, 962.
See _Jelly-fish_

Megalichthys, 470, 474

Megalonyx, 1533

Megatherium, 1533

Melocactus, 1182, 1187

Mercury, 130-31, 311, 326, 331, 348, 353-58
atmosphere of, 354
diameter of, 354
elongations of, 354
orbit of, 353-54
phases of, 354-55
revolution of, 353-54
and Venus, 355

Mer de Glace, 512-13

Mesozoic, flora, 871-77
Ocean, 672-74

Messier, 35, 130, 426
the “Comet Ferret,” 426

Messophyll, 864

Metamorphosis of insects, 1461

Metazoa, 1299

Meteorology, science of, 786, 788, 791, 991

Meteors, 266-82

Mexican hand-tree, 950

Mexico, agriculture in, 1094

Meyer, Hans, 1598

Miasma, 634

Michaux’s region, 940

Microspores, 961-62

Mildew, 1200

Milk-tree, 1167, 1170

Milky Way, the, 27-28, 50, 60, 70, 76, 85, 128, 129, 133-46

Miller, Prof., 806

Millet, 945

Milne-Edwards, 757

Mimicry, 1593-1601
in fungi, 1197
in plants, 1070, 1099-1114

Mimosa form, 950

Miocene, 1647, 1649
animals of, 1532, 1535
Tertiary, 491-93

Mira Ceti, 99, 128, 194, 210

Mirage, 638-39, 661, 947

Mirfak, 134

Mississippi, the, 624, 626

Mistral, 831

Mitchell Miss, 286

Mitchell, Sir Thomas, 927

Mizar, 81, 126, 127, 196-97

Moa, 1561

Moffette, 518

Moggridge, 1612

Mohl, 1052, 1060

Mohn, 792

Mollusca, 470, 481, 1302, 1320, 1602

Mollusks, 459, 460

Monera, 1305

Mongolians, 1673-74

Monkeys, 1529-31, 1555
fossil, 1529

Monocotyledons, 862

Monsoons, 836-41, 849-50

Montanari, 68

Mont Blanc, 512

Moon, the, 376-85
brightness of the, 384-85
diameter of the, 35
geography of the, 378-85
influence upon the earth, 720
Maria of the, 379-81
mountains of the, 382-84

Moons. See _Satellites_

Moss, Iceland, 931, 1218
Irish, 1257
Spanish, 1229

Mosses, 455, 887, 889, 930, 1220-30
club, 961-63, 1229-30
distribution of, 1223-26
leaves of, 1221
organs of, 1221-22
scale, 1226-29
urn, 1226

Moth, Death’s Head, 1572

Moths, wings of, 1431-33

Mould, 1201

Mountains, 566-72

Mouse, dwarf, 1633

Mu Cephei, 188

Mud-lava, 516

Mud-lumps, 610-11

Mud-volcanoes, 519-20, 522-25

Müller, H., 1102

Müller, 1003

Munro, Gen., 1117, 1119, 1122

Mushrooms, 1200, 1207-8
French, 1207
St. Georges, 1207-8
spawn of, 1198

Muskrats, 1638

Mussels, 459, 460

Mycelium, 1198

N

Napoleon, 787

Natural selection, 1122, 1130, 1482-1512

Nebula, definition of, 180-82
great, in Andromeda, 129
in Andromeda (31 Messier), 163-66, 176
in Argo, 155-57
“30 Doradus,” 157
The Dumb-bell, 158
The Keyhole, 155-57
“57 Messier,” 159
“99 Messier,” 161, 167
great, of Orion, 129, 154-55, 176-87
“the trifid” (20 Messier), 157-58

Nebulæ, the, 28-29
“annular,” 159-60
elliptical, 163
planetary, 161-63
“Queen of the,” 129
spiral, 166-67

Nebular hypothesis, 310, 433

Nefouds, the, 659-60

Negro, the, 1674-76

Neptune, 41, 312, 313, 317, 332, 430-32
diameter of, 431
distance from the sun, 431
revolution of, 431
satellite of, 432

Nemertes worm, 1371-73

Nettle-plants, 1168-71

Nettles and serpents, 1170-72

Neuroptera, 1413-17

Névé, region of the, 515

Newton, 242, 289, 803, 804, 805

New Zealand, birds of, 1524-25
fauna of, 1561
savages, 1673, 1677
vegetation in, 929-30

Nichol, Prof., 143, 146

Nile, the, 623, 624, 625

Northern Crown, the, 86, 123

North Pole, 88

Nubecula, major, 139, 147-48
minor, 139, 147-48

Nuts, 1174-80

O

Oak, 931

Oak-egger moth, 1441-43

Occultations, 131-32

Ocean, floor of the, 676-89
luminosity of the, 759-63
Mesozoic, 672-74
Palæozoic, 670-71
phosphorescence of the, 1320-24
primitive, 666
of the Tertiary Period, 674-75

Oil-wells, 519

Old Red Sandstone, 481, 482, 483, 484, 486

Omega in Centaur, 180

Onychoteuthis, 673

Oolite, animals, 1535
reptiles, 487-88

Opalina, 1290, 1294

Ophiocephalidæ, 1352-53

Opossums, 1534, 1541, 1554, 1579-80, 1648

Opuntias, 1184-85, 1188

Orang-outangs, 1529, 1530, 1547, 1550, 1626

Orchids, 951, 956, 1101-2, 1113, 1154-55

Organ, 1292

Orinoco, the, 623

Orion, 97, 124, 177
belt of, 124
great nebula of, 29, 97, 125, 129, 154-55, 176-87
sword of, 124

Orycteropus, 1571

Ornithorynchus, 1558-59

Orthoceratites, 672

Orthoptera, 1413

Ostrich, 1523-24, 1526, 1550

Oven-bird, 1637-38

Ovid, 64

Owen, 1297

Owl, horned, 1607

Oysters, 459

P

Pachydermata, 1536, 1549
extinct, 491-93

Paget, Sir James, 978

Palæontology, 1529, 1532
founder of, 463

Palæotheres, 490-91

Palæozoic, fauna, 872
flora, 872, 874
ocean, 670-71

Paley, 1293

Paliser, 400

Palm, date, 911
groves, 1140
oil, 912

Palmetto fields, 1140

Palms, 938, 949-50

Pampas, 647-48, 663-64, 1141, 1145

Pampero, 850-52

Papuans, 1676-77

Paradise-fish, 1603

Partridge, 1581

Passifloras, 953, 956

Pea-crab, 1604

Peach, the, 1095

Peacock, 1547

Peat bogs, 631-34

Peat-mosses, 631-34

Peccary, 1553

Peduncle, the, 867

Pegasus, 78
square of, 84, 123

Permian period, 465, 872, 873

Péron, 755-57

Perseus, 78, 84
new star in, 228-38

Persians, 1672

Peru, agriculture in, 1094

Petals, 868, 1002, 1032

Petermann, Dr., 738

Phænogams, 454, 455, 456

Phanerogams, 887, 890-92, 957-58, 966, 1001

Pheasants, 1547

Pholades, 757

Phosphorescence of fungi, 1192-93
of ocean, 750-63, 1320-24

Phyllode, 864

Phyllotaxis, 1017

Piazzi, 396-98

Pickering, W. H., 155

Pictet, 813

Pileus, 1199

Pines, 455, 873, 876, 885-86, 931

Pine-woods, 1136

Piscis Australis, 98

Pistil, 869, 1003

Pitcher-plants, 1074-75

Placoids, 482

Planetoids, the, 396-403

Planets, the, 30, 31, 55, 310-16

Planisphere, Græco-Egyptian, 64

Plants, and animals, 976-77, 979-84, 1478
cilia of, 1010
classification of, 984-1002
climbing, 1045-61
color development in, 896
cultivation of, 1091-99
dew, 1083
distribution of, 936-45
fertilization of, 892-98, 1005-16
flowering and flowerless, 963-65
food, 941-45, 1026
forms of, 948-55
fossil, 958
growth of, 1122
insect-fertilized, 894-95
insectivorous, 1068-77, 1103
“irritability” of, 977-78, 1040,
leguminous, 1080
milk-sap, 1161-74
mimicry of, 1099-1114, 1598
movement in, 1045-61
movements of, 1005-16, 1037-44, 1122-25
oldest, 455, 1230
organs of, 968
radiation of, 1042-43
sleep of, 978, 1038, 1042
social, 956
and soil, 934-36, 969-72
wind-fertilized, 894

Planula, 1328

Plastron, 1394

Platypus, 1558-59

Plateaus, submarine, 683

Pleiades, the, 75, 77, 85, 94, 123-24, 151-52, 167

Pleistocene, 1647, 1649
animals, 1533

Plesiosaurus, 674

Pleuracanthus, 485

Pleuronectidæ, 483

Pliny, 60, 221, 757, 761, 986

Pliocene, 1522, 1647, 1649
animals, 1532, 1533

Plow, the, 122

Plowright, Dr., 1101, 1106

Plumularia, 1333-35

Plutarch, 376

Poik, the, 617-20

Poison-trees, 1165

Pole Star, 68, 82-83, 87, 122, 197

Pollen, 868, 1002, 1028-29

Pollux, 57, 98, 122, 315

Polynesia, fauna of, 1560-61
races of, 1666, 1676-77

Polypes, 1328-31
bell, 1335-36
coral, 459
garland, 1331-35

Polyzoa, 471

Pomegranate, 1095

Porcupine, the, 747

Porpoise, 1561

Potato, 942, 945
sweet, 929

Pothos, 952, 955

Pouchet, George, 1681

Poultry, domestic, 1547

Poussinière, the, 75

Prairies, the, 645, 1142

Prawn, 1377

Prehistoric period, 1647

Priestley, 1205

Pritchard, Dr., 1688, 1689

Probabilities, science of, 786

Proctor, 66

Procyon, 57, 63, 76, 98

Prœsepe, 66, 130, 153

Prophet-plant, 1061-68

Protein, 980

Prothallus, 962

Protogens, 456

Protoplasm, 980, 1039

Protozoa, 1299, 1304-5

Psammodus, 470

Pterichthys, 483, 484, 671

Pterodactyles, 487

Ptolemy, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68

Puma, 1553

Pursch’s region, 940

Pygopterus, 474

Pyrosoma, the, 755

Python, 1548, 1551, 1567

Q

Quadrumana, 1518, 1529-31, 1536, 1548, 1550

Quagga, 1541, 1550

Quaking-bogs, 631

Quaternary period, 494, 495, 1679-80

R

Radiata, 1303-4

Radiates, 459, 460

Radiation, 812

Rafflesia, Arnoldi, 956, 1068-71, 1173

Raffles, Sir Stamford, 1068

Rain, 792-98
colored, 797
cyclonic, 849
non-isobaric, 849
tropical, 849

Rainbow, the, 799-807
white, 806-7

Raindrops, 792-98

Rain-gauge, 792-93

Rake, the, 77

Ramsay, Sir Andrew C., 573

Rattlesnake, 1385

Raven, 1578-79

Ray, John, 989-90

Razor-fish, 1358

Red River, the, 624

Red Sandstones, 872, 873

Red Sandstone of Connecticut, 489-90

Reefs, barrier, 689, 693-96, 699-707
coral, 689-707
fringing, 689, 696-98

Refraction, law of, 800

Regulus, 57, 123, 125

Reindeer, 1538

Reinwardt’s region, 940

Reproduction, 966

Reptiles, 486-88, 1379-1401, 1548, 1551, 1557, 1610
extinct, 673-74
herbivorous, 886
mimicry in, 1597

Rhea, 1524, 1527, 1528

Rhinoceros, 1549

Rhizocarp, 455

Rhizocarpeæ, 455

Rhizodus, 485

Rhizogens, 1001

Rhizopods, 1305

Rhodius anarus, 1606

Rhone, the, 626

Rice, 944, 1114

Rigel, 57, 63, 96, 108, 124, 187, 188

River-basins, 636-37

River-drift man, 1649-56

Rivers, 621-27, 629

Roberts, Dr. Isaac, 158-59, 159-60, 164-65, 166-67, 245, 264

Rock, beds of, 450-52
definition of, 440

Rocks, 440-50
absorption of moisture by, 590-92
erratic, 496-97

Rodentia, 1519, 1536, 1550

Rooks, 1572

Roots, 861-63

Ross, Sir James, 688

Rosse, Lord, 154, 161, 166, 276

Rousseau, J. J., 1694

Roxburgh’s region, 940

Ruiz and Pavon’s region, 941

Ruminantia, 1531-36

Ruskin, 1019

Rust, 1200

Rye, 944

S

Sagitta, 77

Sahara, the, 654-59

Sahel, the, 655-56

Saint-Hilaire, Auguste de, 921, 922-23, 925

Saint-Hilaire’s region, 941

Saint Lawrence, the, 624

Saint Pierre, B. de, 1182

Saint Vincent, Bory de, 1688

Salamander, 1383

Salisburia, 876

Salmon, 1545

Salmonidæ, 483

Samoiedes, 1672, 1674

San Francisco, the, 625

Sargasso Sea, the, 1263-67

Satellites, 30, 411-15, 420-26, 429-30, 432
Jupiter’s, 411-15

Saturn, 312, 313, 317, 326, 331, 415-26
diameter of, 415
and Jupiter, 416, 417
moons of, 420-26
orbit of, 415
rings of, 417-20
rotation of, 415
seasons of, 415
spectrum of, 416

Saurians, 1390-94

Savages, 1657-66, 1673

Savannas, 646

Savary, 201

Savigny, 1422

Scales, of fishes, 1338-40
of insects, 1431-34

Schiaparelli, 356-57, 388, 394

Schickard, 119

Schiller, Jules, 105

Schmidt, 818

Schöpf, 712-13

Schwabe, Herr, 324, 326-27

Scoresby, 807

Scott, Walter, 763, 1022

Sculptor’s Workshop, the, 78

Sea, color of the, 709-13
depths of the, 680-89
distribution of the, 677-79
fauna of deep, 1304
flora of the, 1233-37
magnitude of the, 707
phosphorescence of the, 750-63
shore, the, 763-72, 1232-33
temperature of the deep, 739-40
water, organic life in, 1261
wonders of the, 1357-74

Sea-dust, 831-32
-horses, 1346-50
-pens, 754-55
-slugs, 1369-70
-urchins, 459, 1361-62

Sea of Aral, 582

Seals, 582

Sea-weed, Irish moss, 1257
Sargassum, 1263-68

Sea-weeds, 454, 1230, 1237-62
colors of, 1262
dulse, 1250
food of, 1261-62
fucus, 1239
laver, 1251
organs of, 1262
parasitic, 1246
spores of, 1262
Ulvæ, 1240
wracks, 1239

Seed, ejection of, 1007-16, 1199-1200, 1212

Seeds, 1002-16, 1104-5

Seiches, 574

Selenography, 376

Selvas, 647

Seneca, 284

Sensitive-plants, 1039, 1040

Sepals, 867-68

Septentriones, 82

Sequoia, 876-84

Serpent, the, 78

Serpents, 488, 1383-90, 1551, 1557

Sertularia, 1330

Sexual selection, 1491

Shagreen, 1339

Shakespeare, 1204

Shark, 1538, 1544

Shield of Sobieski, 78, 96

Shooting-fishes, 1351

Shooting-stars, 132

Sidereal universe, 30

Sidereus Nuncius, 377

Sigillaria, 464, 470, 476, 1230

Sigillariæ, 470

Silkworm, 1545

Silurian beach, 456-63

Silurian period, 461-63
fauna of the, 481

Simoon, 830

Sirius, 54, 56, 57, 63, 66, 75, 96, 97, 125, 187, 193, 203, 308

Sirocco, 830-31

Smith, Sir J. E., 998

Smith, Worthington, 1598

Smut, 1200

Snell, Willebrod, 800, 801

Snow, 807-9
red, of Alps, 514-15
crystals, 807-8
flakes, 808-9

Social plants, 1226

Soffioni, 518

Soil, absorption of moisture by, 588-90
and plants, 934-36, 969-72

Solar, corona, 342
spectrum, 337, 346
system, 30, 71-72

Solfatara, 518, 539

Somma, 542-43

Sorcerer’s Spring, the, 592

Southern Cross, the, 78, 99, 125

Space, 32, 33-42

Species, 984

Spectroscope, 333

Spencer, Herbert, 1466

Spermaceti, 1563

Sphagnum, 632, 633

Sphere, invention of the, 64

Spica, 57, 63, 66, 209

Spiders, 1578, 1600-1, 1612-14, 1634

Spines, 867

Spinneret, 1460

Sponges, 1305, 1307-13

Spores, fungi, 1199
lichens, 1212
of sea-weed, 1262

Sprengel, 1003

Springs, 592-604
mineral, 602-3
salt, 599-601
thermal, 594-99

Sprung, 792

Spurge, family of, 1163
phosphorescent, 1166

Squalls, 845-47

Squirrels, 1624-25

Stamens, 868, 1002

Staphilinus Cæsareus, 1568

Star, “the Blaze,” 277
the brightest, 54, 63
the “Demon,” 216-20
the dog, 97
“garnet” (Mu Cephei), 188
“The Lost,” 115
nearest to earth, 41, 99
“Nova” [P (34) Cygni], 226
Nova Persei, 228-38
“The Pilgrim,” 223
the Pole, 68, 82-83, 87, 122, 197
“The Test,” 81, 115
Tycho Brahe’s, 223, 224-26
“the wonderful.” See Mira Ceti

Star-clusters, 29, 49, 50, 66, 160, 167, 167-75, 192

Star-fishes, 450
-groups, 151-53
-streams, 133-40

Stars, the, 25, 43, 51-60, 307-9
Arabic, names of, 106-20
atlases of, 65-66
binary, 200-10
blue, 192
brightness of the, 56, 68-69
catalogue of, 58, 60, 61, 62
colored, 187-95
distances of the, 36, 46, 51-52
double, 67, 125, 192, 195-200
double (naked eye), 126-27
fixed, 30-31, 55, 60
fortunate, 116
green, 191-92
inhabited, 307-10
lucid, 60
magnitudes of, 56-58, 62-63
maps of, 65-66
movements of, 33
multiple, 195
nebulous, 163
number of, 58-60, 60-61, 120-21
of solar type, 315
quadruple, 195
red, 188-91, 193-95
scintillation of, 53-54
shadows of, 66
shooting, 132
spectra of, 308
temporary, 128, 220-27
triple, 195, 203-4
variable, 127-28, 194, 209-20
wandering, 31, 55
white, 193, 195
yellow, 193

Steinbrinck, 1003

Stem, 862

Steppes, the, 582, 637-43, 661, 947, 1143-46

Sticklebacks, 1350, 1629

Stigma, 870

Stigmaria, 464, 476

Stigmariæ, 470

Stipa pennata, 1015-16, 1144

Stipules, 864

Stomata, 1022

Storms, rotary, 844-45
thunder, 847-48

Strabo, 64, 598

Stratum, 440

Streams, subterranean, 604-10

Stromboli, 544-45

Strommung, 1543

Struve, 59, 201, 430

Sun, the, 316-52
density of the, 316
diameter of the, 36
gravity of the, 317
mass of the, 316
spots, 318-25, 544, 817
a star of the Milky Way, 28
a variable star, 327
volume of the, 316

Sun-birds, 1551

Sun-dew, the, 1073-74

Suns, numberless, 28, 29, 48-49

Survival of the fittest, 1466, 1484

Swallow, 1636

Swamps, 628-34, 1137-38

Swan, the, 78, 123

Swartz’s region, 941

Swinburne, 1073

Swine, 1532

Synapta Digitata, 1362-63

T

Tadpole, 1379-82

Tailor-bird, 1633

Tangles, 1231, 1248-49

Tapir, 1553, 1554

Taurus, 123-24

Taxonomy, 1298

Tebbad, 830

Tef, 945

Telegraph-plant, 1041, 1044

Telescope, the, 49, 333-37
the Cassegrain, 243-44
equatorial, 249-53, 258-61
eye-pieces, 245-47
Lick, 256
reflecting, 241
refracting, 238
Lord Rosse’s, 253
Yerkes, 255

Telescopes, great, 253-61
photographic, 262-66

Tendrils, 867, 1049-60, 1124-25

Termites, 1414, 1552

Tertiary period, 493, 674-75
animals, 1532

Thallogens, 454, 482, 1000

Thallophytes, 958

Thallus, 1000

Theodorus, 64

Thistles, 1145-46, 1181, 1183

Three Kings, the, 77, 97

Thunberg’s region, 941

Thunderstorms, 847-48

Tidal-action, 713-27

Tides, 713-27

Tierra del Fuegians, 1664-66, 1678

Tigris, the, 624

Titmouse, 1630

Titus, law of, 397

Toad, 1382-83

Toadstool, 1200

Tocusso, 945

Torch-thistles, 1181, 1183

Tornado, 844, 852-58

Tortoise, 1394-98, 1399-1401

Tortoise-shell, 1397

Toucans, 1556

Tournefort, 986-90

Toxotes jaculator, 1576

Trade-winds, 659, 663, 834-36, 841-42

Tree-frog, 1383
-palms, 885
-worship, 1078

Trees, 1030-31
Australian, 1139
California big, 876-84
deciduous, 1129
nut, 1174-80
poison, 1165, 1167-68, 1172, 1174

Tremendal, 631

Triangle, the, 78

Trias, 872

Trichoptera, 1417-18

Trilobites, 457, 460, 471, 481, 671

Tritons, 1383

Truffle, 1201

Trumpet-tree, 1165

Tschudi, Jacbon, 877

Tundras, 582, 637

Turkeys, 1523, 1556

Turks, 1672, 1674

Turtle, 1398-1401

Twins, the, 78, 98

Tycho Brahe, 69, 303, 353

Tycho Brahe’s star, 223-26

Typhoons, 845

U

Ulloa, Don Antonio de, 807

Ulug Bekh, 67, 115, 118

Ungulata, 1536

Univalves, 459

Universe, the, 25-33, 51

Upas-tree, 1172, 1174

Uranography, Chinese, 76

Uranometria, Argentina, 66, 70
(Bayer’s), 64

Uranoscopus, 1569

Uranus, 131, 312, 313, 317, 332, 426-30
diameter of, 428
revolution of, 428
satellites of, 429-30

Urus, 1543

Utah, Great Salt Lake of, 579-81, 587
desert of, 662