Chapter III: Part 3

[Secretary Woman’s Club of Havana.]

SHOPPERS’ PUZZLE

In reading THE SURVEY of March 29, I was interested in the Shoppers’ Puzzle on page 913. It certainly seems unfair to people employed all during the week in offices and factories to deprive them of their only opportunity to do their shopping Saturday afternoons. On the other hand while they are having their half holiday the clerks who wait on them are deprived of the half holiday so much needed during the hot summer months.

Would it not be possible, however, for the St. Louis Consumers’ League to arrange with the heads of the department stores to give the customary half holiday on some other day—say Thursday or Friday?

I was in England last June and there was a great deal of discussion in the papers over the enforcement of a law compelling a weekly half holiday in every line of business. In London business was suspended at 1 P. M. Saturday, but in Oxford we learned to our sorrow that the closing day was Thursday.

One of our party being in need of a dentist one Thursday afternoon we started out to find one about 2 o’clock. Not one was to be seen until 9:30 Friday morning, we were told. “The next best thing, we decided, would be to consult a druggist or “chemist,” but there again we were met with barred doors and drawn curtains. Finally appealing to a “bobby” we were directed to a shop where we could ring a night bell and get some attention. When we told the chemist that in America the drug stores were always open even when other places of business were closed he said that in England it was against the law. He also explained that the country towns in England had the half holiday during the week as Saturday was the country market day. In Winchester the closing day was Wednesday. This is offered as one answer, though there may be better ones for this modern industrial puzzle.

JEAN ALLISON.

Allentown, Pa.

THE RINGING OF THE BELL

TO THE EDITOR:

In your issue of March 15, 1913, you describe the ringing of a bell, every five minutes, to indicate the unearned increment of $1,000 in New York city real estate. This corresponds to a yearly increase of a little over $106,000,000. As stated further on, however, the community takes over $57,000,000 of this, directly, in taxes. It is perfectly true that the industries of the city account for the increase in value. But, on the other hand, the men who own and have built skyscrapers on the land have made the space in which the community lives. The land area itself is utterly inadequate for the business and living room of the community. There does not seem to be any great injustice in leaving for the men who have bought and improved and who manage this land, between 40 and 43 per cent of the increase, especially as the increase is itself subject to an increased assessment and progressive taxation.

Looking at the matter in another way, the owner of land in New York is allowed a trifle over 1½ per cent a year interest on his investment. Unless he makes a high rate of interest on the buildings, and the general experience for most cities is that 5 per cent on a realty investment is rather beyond the average, it does not appear that his profits are usurious.

A comparatively small fraction of the great fortunes of the country is invested in realty, and for the country as a whole real estate is the safeguard of the poor but thrifty. To reduce rents below the average interest on conservative investments is to discourage thrift and home owning. Temporarily and to a small degree increase of land tax will stimulate building and thereby, by disturbing the relation of supply and demand, reduce rents. But this effect will last only until those who hold unsalable land have made the best of a bad investment. No one will continue to engage in any kind of a business beyond the point at which it yields a return fairly equivalent to that obtainable in other lines.

It is almost an axiom that 4 per cent of the total cost of any kind of a building must be allowed for taxes, insurance, repairs, depreciation, &c. As much as 9 or 10 per cent of the investment must therefore be charged in rentals, to equal even quiet investments which require very little personal attention. In a small town or in suburbs, where the land value is about $200 for a twenty-foot front lot, a cottage can be built, with proper plumbing and lighting equipment, so as to represent a total investment of somewhat less than $1,000. This corresponds to a yearly rental of $90, or thereabouts. How far the enormously increased land value can be counterbalanced by building on a large scale, but with inevitably more expensive material, is a question to be carefully considered. But the rental must be calculated on a business basis unless the problem is solved by a frank reversion to charity.

While it is unfortunate that any one should be poor, it does not seem strange that 30 per cent of the earnings of the very poor, in a city where there is literally too little land for the inhabitants, should go for a home. Rent nowadays often includes water, care of exterior of premises, and sometimes heat and light. A generation ago 25 per cent, without any of these extras, was considered a fair average for the moderately well-to-do family.

A. L. BENEDICT, M.D.

[Editor _Buffalo Medical Journal_.]
Buffalo.

THE BABY GARDEN

TO THE EDITOR:

As long as most mothers were able to stay at home and personally care for their babies, the care of children remained an individual matter. But, present economic conditions which force so many young mothers to earn a living away from their homes and babies, present this problem. How shall these babies be adequately cared for, in their mother’s absence?

The public nurseries are charitable institutions for the children of the poor. The middle-class working women, who earn enough to pay a little for the care of their babies, are not permitted to leave their little ones in them. But, even if they are permitted to do so, no intelligent mother would be willing to do so. For these nurseries attempt to minister only to physical wants. Although the needs of the child at infancy seem to be largely physical, we know, that from the day of its birth, the infant is getting impressions and forming habits. The manner in which we satisfy his needs, the habits which he forms under our care, shape his future character,—and yet, the training of the so-called trained nurses in charge of the average nursery, enables them to attend to the physical needs only. We all realize the need of professionally trained teachers for the kindergarten and school age. Is it not equally important to have trained specialists at infancy, the most important stage of Childhood?

Though the present day nurseries need improvement, their charges fare better than those left at home, to the mercy of hired servants. The collective work of an institution carries with it a sense of social responsibility for those entrusted to its care. What sense of responsibility can we expect from an ignorant hired servant? The self-supporting mother of moderate means has no alternative. She must either give up her work and sometimes deprive her family of the necessities of existence or else abandon her babe to the hands of an ignorant servant.

Women of means can hire trained specialists for their babies. The poor are helped by settlement nurseries, but the intelligent self-supporting mothers, such as school-teachers and journalists, are utterly helpless, each groping blindly with her own individual problem that can no longer be solved individually. These women, while compelled to do a man’s work, never can have that singleness of mind that a man has while attending to his business.

The problem faced by these mothers can be solved only by social co-operative measures. The establishment of a new type of public nursery to meet the demands of intelligent mothers is now under way. To distinguish it from the prevailing nurseries it is to be called “the baby garden.” The children are to be divided into the following groups according to age: Infants of one year or less; babies from a year to two years; those from two to four years. Only experts in baby culture specially trained to meet the needs of each of these individual groups are to be placed in charge. The baby garden will be surrounded by open-air balconies so that the children may be out of doors the greater part of the day. Mothers who are so tied up that they cannot go to the doctor or the dentist or attend to their necessary shopping for the family without dragging baby along, will be permitted to bring their babies for a few hours each day.

It is hoped that in time such baby gardens will become either self-supporting or public institutions. The plan here outlined has been approved by a number of public-spirited people who have promised to temporarily subsidize this baby garden provided fifty mothers endorse the scheme by their readiness to enroll their babies. The amount to be paid for the care of these babies will be decided at a meeting of the mothers who endorse the plan. All who are interested may communicate with me at 516 East 78th Street.

[MRS.] A. LEVITAS.

New York.

ILLUSTRATED IMMORALITY

TO THE EDITOR:

I want to get together a collection of pictures from which to make slides for a lecture on illustrated immorality in its relation to our people, to the city and to the state. Will you not publish this letter asking for suggestions from your readers. To give an idea of my purpose I have on my list the Laocoön, St. Michael and the Dragon and St. George, Sir Galahad, Circe and the Swine, the triumphal march of Bacchus, a picture published by the Chicago _Tribune_ last September illustrating the tale of a white slave, and a most effective picture used widely in Atlanta of a hideous monkey-man beast carrying the body of a girl under one arm and a bludgeon in the other hand.

I want more symbolical pictures like these and I want also pictures representing actual conditions in our cities, depicting perhaps the temptations to the young. With the latter I would have to have some exact information. I include, of course, the saloon in the scope of my interests as I see no distinction between the twin evils, the saloon and the bawdyhouse.

HOWARD A. KELLY, M.D.

Baltimore.

WORKMEN’S COMPENSATION: MR. JONES ANSWERED

TO THE EDITOR:

So it seems that my fellow “Socialist agitators” and I are leading around by their noses such staid and proper citizens as are to be found in the City Club of New York, the New York Federation of Labor and the American Association for Labor Legislation.[5] And because some of us are advocating here and now in New York that employers shall be permitted self-insurance, mutual insurance or contribution to a state managed fund, we are “seeking to destroy private business in all its forms.” But F. Robertson Jones, who is one of those “employes of the casualty companies who have their bread and butter at stake,” really need not be so perturbed. No one really proposes “to transfer their jobs to political appointees and to leave them out in the cold.” That is a “pure figment of the imagination” to make use of Mr. Jones’ own restrained language. There are many good men working for the state now and there will be more when Mr. Jones and his fellow-employes are taken over to apply to the public good the experience and knowledge gained in private enterprises. And if public service is too contaminating, there will still be the self insurers, and the mutuals in which those left “out in the cold” may find ready employment. Let me hasten to add that I do not make this statement “sneeringly” and that I hope a sober consideration of it will carry conviction that if untrue, at least it is not “unqualifiedly untrue.”

One example will do as well as a dozen to illustrate my point about the attitude of the casualty companies toward “elective” acts. It is well known that those companies opposed the New Jersey “elective” act at the start. Seeing its tremendous advantages they then became active in its support. As illustrating this point, I need only refer to the energy and insistence with which the officers and counsel of various casualty companies tried to put through, in the closing days of the session last year in New York, a bill fashioned on the New Jersey model. A special message from the governor and a special session of the Legislature were talked of and only the uncompromising persistence of the State Federation of Labor and the American Association for Labor Legislation saved the employes of this state from something even worse than the New Jersey act. The author of that proposed New York bill, when it emerged from the conference called by certain casualty officials and attorneys disowned it, it was so bad.

The Pennsylvania commission is an example of a commission advised by more than casualty company _actuaries_. Of that act a commissioner from another state writes: “The Pennsylvania act is calculated to turn the employe over to the “Shylocks” and loan sharks in the liability business. The report of the Pennsylvania commission outlines the most abominable act that it has been my privilege to examine, and it fully maintains the reputation of the state of Pennsylvania as being the ‘rotten borough’ of the world.”

No facts are quoted to prove that my statement as to the club feature is “diametrically the opposite of the truth.” If the scheme does not work out to the advantage of the casualty companies it would be interesting to know why not. We would all agree that what the companies most desire is that they shall get the employers, “or all large employers,” to “come permanently under the compensation feature or to stay out permanently”—exactly my point. Under such happy circumstances prospective profits are beyond the dreams of avarice. Maybe the profits have not been made yet, certainly I have not so stated, It is the prospect which is so alluring, the profits so nearly within grasp which are now slipping through their very fingers, because of these “ill-advised enthusiasts” and other undesirable citizens.

And is it, then, “a purely gratuitous misstatement of the fact” that the casualty companies opposed, tooth and nail, the Ohio compulsory act which, by the way, does not give a monopoly to political boards? Do they not oppose such an act here in New York today? Have they not opposed it in Iowa, California and Washington?

As to the casualty companies having been most active “for a constitutional amendment in New York,” so far as I have observed, that activity has been very largely confined, as has that of certain lawyers, to advocating such changes in the amendment as would defeat the whole broad purpose of last year’s amendment. If listened to by the Legislature these advocates would have put off for another three years the much to be desired amendment to our constitution.

The objections to the fixing of rates by the insurance department are two-fold. First, that that department is not “composed of officials expert” in casualty insurance; second, that Senator Foley at the public hearing at Albany, in order to meet the criticism of the American Federation of Labor, proposed a state fund divorced from the state insurance department. This was an important concession to labor and was so intended. Labor and many others had fears of the state insurance department, remembering the influence of the insurance interests before Superintendent Emmett took charge and fearing their influence after his retirement. That the “constitutional objections have been carefully considered and that the overwhelming weight of opinion is that they are not valid” is, as Mr. Jones would say, “a purely gratuitous misstatement of the facts,” “a figment of the imagination,” if not, indeed, “a gratuitous insult” to our intelligence. A few lawyers retained by the casualty insurance companies may disagree with us, but that hardly makes such a weight of opinion as to be overwhelming. As to bar associations, all that is needed is to look up the clients of some of these association committeemen. If what is wanted is a duly attested power of attorney of the casualty companies, I must admit that I cannot produce it.

If the Foley bill be studied with a little more care and with some understanding of the lengths to which insurance agents will go and have recently been going in Wisconsin, to misrepresent the state fund, the statement about turning over the rich New York field may not appear as such “nonsense.” It is to be remembered, too, that at the time the Foley bill was introduced, the accompanying bill providing for the organization of mutuals made such organization a matter of extreme difficulty. This has been somewhat remedied lately, more or less at the instigation, I fear, of the aforementioned enthusiasts and Socialists.

The men who were openly planning the rout of the casualty companies at the time I wrote were the State Federation of Labor, of course. To that valiant and determined host has now been added the American Association for Labor Legislation, the Progressive Party in which ex-Superintendent of Insurance Hotchkiss is so important a figure and Colonel Roosevelt.

PAUL KENNADAY.

New York.

JOTTINGS

PRUSSIAN COLONIZATION

Six million dollars will be spent by Prussia this year for the cultivation and colonization of moor lands by farmers and agricultural laborers. Part of the money will be used to provide cheap credit to settlers.

GALSWORTHY ON THE EAST SIDE AGAIN

Because of its local appeal a performance of Galsworthy’s Strife is being given by the Madison Square Church House at the Murray Hill Lyceum, 160 East 34th Street, New York. [April 25.] The men and boys in the cast have been trained by Jean Marcet and Inez Milholland. Members of the Barnard College Dramatic Club take the female parts.

FROM MOTORS TO FORKED-STICKS

Modern progress and practices which savor of the middle ages sometimes go hand in hand, says the _Engineering News_. A press dispatch from a city in the Canadian Northwest states that the city council had voted to buy a motor-driven chemical and hose wagon, and at the same meeting decided to engage a water finder hailing from Hamiota to “make a thorough investigation with his magnetic instrument of all possible sources of water supply.”

SOCIAL SERVICE WORK FOR GIRLS

The Department of Social Service of the Girls Friendly Society offers a well worked out program for practical study and work by an “associate” of the department. The program begins, it may be said in passing, with a recommendation to subscribe to THE SURVEY. Other general recommendations are that the associate inform herself about social work, especially among women and children; that she cooperate with established societies and with such movements as that for early shopping; that she recommend to her local group the circulation among the membership of copies of state laws affecting women and children, and arrange for conferences on social topics, both formal and informal.

The Girls Friendly Society has a membership of 44,000, in 700 locals scattered throughout the country.

JEWISH FEDERATION IN DENVER

The Jewish Social Service Federation of Denver has been made a permanent organization. It will work in the field covered by United Hebrew Charities in other cities. It is primarily a federation for the centralized collection of funds for Jewish societies.

The following organizations constitute the federation: Jewish Relief Society, Jewish Ladies’ Aid Society, Denver Sheltering Home for Jewish Children, Jewish Free Loan Society, Hachnosos Orchim Society, philanthropic committee of the Council of Jewish Women, Ladies’ Shroud Sewing Society and the Moas Chittim Society.

The beneficiaries of the federation include the National Jewish Consumptives’ Hospital at Denver; the Jewish Consumptives’ Relief Society at Denver; the Jewish Orphan Asylum at Cleveland, and the Sir Moses Montefiore Kesher Home for Aged and Infirm Israelites at Cleveland.

DETAINING THE DEFECTIVE DELINQUENT

The province of Ontario, Canada, is trying to provide a means for more adequately handling the delinquent girl or woman who is also feeble-minded or suffering from venereal disease. It is well known that a third or a fourth of the boys and girls sent to reformatories are mentally deficient, but in many places there is no legal treatment for them except that of the reformatory which is designed for normal people.

An act now before the Ontario legislature provides that any female between the ages of fifteen and thirty-five who has been sent to an industrial refuge, which is a house of correction, and who is discovered to be so feeble-minded that she can not take care of herself shall be kept in the refuge until the medical officer, with the approval of the inspector, orders her discharge. All girls found to have venereal diseases, or to be suffering from contagious or dangerous illnesses, are to be kept in the refuge until they have fully recovered.

CRIME AND ITS TREATMENT IN COLORADO

The wider resort to agricultural and manual labor as an educative and reformative force for young and old alike in our correctional institutions was urged at the Colorado Conference of Charities and Correction. Coupled with this was a plea for employment in the open and for training in useful pursuits. The institutions of Denver, it was declared, need more land that these things may be done.

Thomas J. Tynan, warden of the state prison, recommended that the state conduct a scientific farm and that it pay prisoners what their labor produces. It is the opinion of Warden Tynan that economic conditions affect the size of prison populations. For several years past there has been a steady decrease, he said, in the number of inmates in his penitentiary; this he ascribed to a general increase in prosperity. Men who commit daring crimes, requiring courage, make the quickest and most permanent reforms, he thinks, because they have the character to adhere to newly made resolutions. From the fact that there are now only nine women in the Colorado state prison and that the average heretofore has been twenty-six, Warden Tynan argues a decrease in crime among women in his state.

ANOTHER SPECIAL TRAIN TO SEATTLE

A special train from Chicago to the National Conference of Charities and Correction to be held at Seattle July 5–12 is being planned by a group of charity organization society workers. Others who wish to go, however, will be welcome to join the party. If the number reaches one hundred, a special train will be provided, leaving Chicago Sunday evening, June 29.

All day Wednesday will be spent at Banff and Laggan. The train will remain on the tracks at Laggan, departing early Thursday morning to give an all-day trip through the Canadian Rockies. The party will arrive in Vancouver on Friday and proceed to Seattle by boat. The day’s sail down Puget Sound will be broken by a stop of three hours at Victoria. Return is possible by any route preferred.

The cost of the round trip from Chicago will be $63, not including sleeper.

The committee arranging for this trip is Francis H. McLean, Eugene T. Lies, Fred S. Hall and James Minnick. Those planning to travel with this party should buy round trip tickets at their homes and arrange for sleeper reservations through James Minnick, Chicago Tuberculosis Institute, 10 South La Salle St., Chicago.

A WORKING MOTHER AND HER CHILDREN

When a mother has to work, what is she to do with her young children?

In co-operation with the Child Helping Department of the Russell Sage Foundation, the Edison Company has produced a motion picture film which is one answer to the question. The reply, as given in the _Kinetogram_, a semi-monthly bulletin of moving picture news, is that “she should board her baby with some mother who is capable of caring for and feeding another child than her own.” The film is described as follows:

“In this picture the mother has twins, one she boards with a foster mother and the other is put into an institution because the foster mother will take only one. The mother of the twins is compelled to do this because so handicapped she cannot get work. The work of the care of infants in an institution is shown and the only fault to be found is that the individual attention that an infant must have is lacking, owing to the fact that a nurse in an asylum often has as many as fifteen babies to care for alone. That is where the infant suffers. It is not, however, due to any fault of the nurses but to conditions. In this case the fostered child lives while the institution child does not. Seventy per cent of asylum babies succumb while seventy out of a hundred live where individual care is exercised.”

SEX HYGIENE IN YIDDISH

The first literature on sex hygiene to be published in this country in Yiddish has been issued by the American Society for Sanitary and Moral Prophylaxis, 105 West 40th Street. Through the generosity of a Hebrew philanthropic organization in New York city the society has been able to publish a Yiddish edition of its pamphlet on Health and the Hygiene of Sex. This new booklet will be distributed through such organizations as the Educational Alliance, the Hebrew Young Men’s Association, the Hebrew Educational League and the Hebrew Sheltering Arms. An edition of 5,000 was printed, but in less than a week it was exhausted. Large orders have been received for subsequent issues. As yet only local Hebrew charities have been given this pamphlet for distribution.

The same pamphlet in English is being distributed to boys in preparatory schools and colleges and through Y. M. C. A.’s and boys’ clubs all over the country at the rate of a thousand topics a month.

The society hopes during the coming year to publish Italian and other translations of its pamphlet and to issue new pamphlets for special distribution among settlements and organizations dealing with uneducated groups of boys and girls.

PREVENTION IN THE COUNTY

The spread of preventive measures from city and town to outlying county and rural districts seems to be gaining headway. In Minnesota a county conference of charities and correction was recently started and at Cumberland, Md., a strong plea was made last month for a county-wide charity organization society. Speaking before the Maryland Conference of Charities and Correction, Margaret F. Byington, associate field secretary, Charity Organization Department of the Russell Sage Foundation, told of the effective work that had been done by county organizations in New York and New Jersey. She was met with the response that the association of Cumberland would probably employ an additional paid secretary in the near future to work entirely outside the city.

The last legislature authorized the establishment of a juvenile court for Allegheny County, of which Cumberland is the county seat. One of the discussions of the conference dealt with the difficulties surrounding the work of such a court with a jurisdiction extending over some fifty or sixty miles of territory.

As a result of the conference it is probable that a state-wide housing law will be presented to the next legislature, that all acute cases of insanity will be transferred from the local almshouses to the state hospitals and that a branch of the Maryland Children’s Aid Society will be established in Cumberland.

COMMUNITY MACHINERY IN THE SOUTH

Three distinct social agencies have been recently developed in Birmingham, Ala., from one association, the Boys’ Club and Children’s Aid Society. They are the Juvenile Court with its probation system, the Children’s Aid Society and the Boys’ Club proper. The story of these changes is expressive of the development of social organization in the southern cities.

The parent society has for several years been one of Birmingham’s most vigorous efforts toward the betterment of the conditions affecting child life. In 1903 the Boys’ Club had just one room at the City Hall. By 1909 a New Year’s dinner and a summer camp had become regular features. Next a special reading room and shower baths were added. Children’s aid work was then undertaken more systematically. Two men and one woman devoted themselves to the interests of dependent and neglected children. Probation work was also introduced, and the club has twice moved to larger quarters.

It was largely through the instrumentality of the Boys’ Club that the Juvenile Court was established in October, 1912. Following the suggestion of A. J. McKelway, southern secretary of the National Child Labor Committee, in his article in the Birmingham number of THE SURVEY [6] the functions of each of the three new social agencies have been clearly defined. S. D. Murphy is the judge of the Juvenile Court and Ralph S. Barrow is chief probation officer. The present superintendent of the Boys’ Club is Burr Blackburn.

PROBATION WORK IN NEW YORK

That beginners in law-breaking will have the benefit of real rather than nominal probation work is expected to be the result of the recent establishment of a central probation bureau in the magistrate’s courts in New York. Heretofore each probation officer has remained in court while it was in session. His duty was to receive such cases of probation and make such investigations as the magistrates ordered. This compelled him to spend much time in court, where his duties were similar to those of a warrant officer or a court attendant. His real work, which should be that of looking up the history of law breakers and keeping closely in touch with them, had to be done after court adjourned or on occasional days assigned for the purpose.

Under the new system the probation officer will receive his cases and assignments for investigation from the chief probation officer. He will then be free to spend all his time in the field keeping in touch with his probationers. Another advantage will be greater equalization of work among officers. Formerly some officers have had as high as 150 cases, while others have had fewer than twenty. Under the new arrangement the chief probation officer will make all the assignments and will be able to distribute the work more evenly. The existence of a central headquarters will enable the officers to meet together and discuss their problems and so work much more effectively as a team.

WOMEN PRISONERS IN NEW YORK

The problem of the arrested woman is one of the baffling difficulties which the police of our large cities face. How New York handles one phase of it is noted in the recent annual report of the Women’s Prison Association of this city. Matrons are assigned to nineteen of the police stations in Manhattan and the Bronx. Women arrested in any of the fifty-two precincts in these boroughs are transferred to one of these station houses.

In Brooklyn, Queens and Richmond the same plan is followed, for but ten of the fifty-three station houses have matrons. Women offenders, after being taken from the station house of the precinct in which they are arrested, to the nearest station having a matron must be again transferred to court. Of this the report says: “This dragging of women from station house to station house is most demoralizing to prisoners, officers and the general public.”

Of the nineteen precinct station houses to which matrons are assigned only five, says the report, have properly ventilated and sanitary prisons for either sex. In five of the police stations the report goes on, the prisons for both sexes are in the same corridor, and men and women can converse freely. To quote again: “From the fact that thousands of prisoners and officers have been lodged in them for many years, 70 per cent of our station houses are unsanitary and can never be made otherwise. Over 130,000 men and women prisoners in all stages of disease and dirt pass through them yearly. Many are lodged for hours in their prisons and leave behind them disease germs of every kind. Thus the prisoner becomes not only a danger to his successor but may become a prey to the condition of his or her predecessor.”

JUVENILE COURT NURSERY RHYMES

WILLIAM FRANKLIN ROSENBLUM[7]

SIX little culprits
Stood before Judge Ive;
One went to Lancaster
And then there were five.

FIVE little culprits
Robbed a candy store;
One went to Hudson Farm
And then there were four.

FOUR little culprits
Up for truancy;
One went to Boys’ School
And then there were three.

THREE little culprits,
Mighty bad ones too;
One was paroled to me
And then there were two.

TWO little culprits
Killed a dog for fun;
One got a “paddling,” friend,
And then there was one.

ONE little culprit,
Innocent was he;
Judge smiled and shook his hand,
And then he was free.

* * * * *

Now friends, this little rhyme
Would but a moral preach
To every man that has
A heart and soul to reach.

These little culprits six,
You see them every day.
’Tis not alone their due—
The penalty they pay.

The home, the church, the school—
They teach not wrong from right;
And when the child must choose
HIS is a sorry plight.

To him the wrong doth seem
But childish prank and fun,
And then we punish him
Though harm he meant to none.

Some few there are, ’tis true
By intuition bad
Exceptions to the rule
Unlike the normal lad.

But take them all as one—
The boy is born for good,
And if you teach aright
Will do the things he should.

Six little children, friend,
Were stamped with sign of shame;
All innocent they were
And ours alone the blame.

-----

Footnote 1:

See page 140 of this issue

Footnote 2:

See page 132 of this issue.

Footnote 3:

See THE SURVEY, December 14, 1912, p. 341.

Footnote 4:

See page 870 for Professor Dewey’s article; page 893 for the reference
to “principles and policies.”

Footnote 5:

See THE SURVEY, April 12, 1913, p. 72.

Footnote 6:

See THE SURVEY for January 6, 1912.

Footnote 7:

Director of male activities, Council Educational Alliance, Cleveland.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

SURVEY ASSOCIATES, INC.

NATIONAL COUNCIL

ROBERT W. DEFOREST, President.

JANE ADDAMS, Chicago.
ERNEST P. BICKNELL, Washington.
ROBERT S. BREWSTER, New York.
CHARLES M. CABOT, Boston
O. K. CUSHING, San Francisco.
EDWARD T. DEVINE, New York.
ARTHUR F. ESTABROOK, Boston
LEE K. FRANKEL, New York.
JOHN M. GLENN, New York.
WILLIAM GUGGENHEIM, New York.
WILLIAM E. HARMON, New York.
WILLIAM J. KERRY, Washington
JOSEPH LEE, Boston
V. EVERIT MACY, New York.
CHARLES D. NORTON, New York.
JULIAN W. MACK, Washington
SIMON N. PATTEN, Philadelphia
JULIUS ROSENWALD, Chicago
JACOB A. RIIS, New York
GRAHAM TAYLOR, Chicago
PAUL M. WARBURG, New York
ALFRED T. WHITE, Brooklyn
S. W. WOODWARD, Washington

FRANK TUCKER, Treasurer
ARTHUR F. KELLOGG, Secretary

THE NEW SEMESTER

With these April numbers, THE SURVEY enters the second volume of the publication year 1912–13. Up to March 31, $13,531 of the $20,000 appealed for as necessary to carry on our educational work was in hand.

553 readers had enlisted as co-operating subscribers, out of the 800 we had set as our year’s goal.

* * * * *

The caliber of issues and educational work in spring and summer depend on our receipts and pledges for the next six months. Without capital stock or credit, we must pay our bills as we go. If we wait until money is actually in hand, the work of the staff will be cramped from week to week, and opportunities for constructive work will have slipped past.

The April magazine number illustrated how we feel the “pinch” in this direction. We had been unable to send a staff man to investigate the West Virginia coal strike. We were obliged to decline an offer of $500 from one of the interested parties to the conflict to pay the expenses of such a staff investigation.

* * * * *

It is not only in these larger undertakings, but in the every-week craftmanship of issues—appearance, paper, size—that the cramp is felt.

If you have not renewed your last year’s contribution, send it now—or send us word. If you have not joined in this co-operative enterprise, now is the time to do it.

A BIT OF EVIDENCE

From Alexander Johnson, Secretary National Conference of Charities and
Correction

“On going, a couple of weeks ago, to the little village of Waterloo, Ind., to lecture on the Care of the Feeble-minded, l was agreeably surprised to find quite a large audience gathered to hear my lecture. Miss ——, who had arranged the lecture, told me when I expressed my surprise at the large audience: ‘You see we are getting quite socially-minded in our little village. We have eight subscribers to THE SURVEY here, and every copy is read by at least a dozen or fifteen people. It is THE SURVEY that has done it for us.’”

+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|SURVEY ASSOCIATES, INC. No. 563|
| 105 East 22d Street, New York City |
| |
| I enclose $10 as a co-operating subscription to the Survey Associates. |
| |
| Name........................................................ |
| |
| Address..................................................... |
| |
| Note: The $10 is to cover the renewal of my regular $2 subscription to |
| THE SURVEY, plus a contribution to the educational work of magazine |
| and National Council. |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+

SURVEY ASSOCIATES, INC.

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TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

● Typos fixed; non-standard spelling and dialect retained. ● Used numbers for footnotes, placing them all at the end of the last chapter. ● Enclosed italics font in _underscores_.