Chapter VII: The Study of French by English Travellers Abroad 211

Travel in France and on the Continent--In the suite of
ambassadors--Children in France--Course of studies--Girls in
France--Objections to children being sent to France--France and
Italy--Protests against travel--Prejudices against travel--Preference
for France--Necessity of the French language--The travelling
tutor--The age for travel--Literati as travelling tutors--Travel
without a governor--Books on travel--'Methods' of travel--The study
of French--Dallington and Moryson--Study of French before
travel--French 'by rote'--Language masters for travellers--French
grammars for travellers--Charles Maupas of Blois and his son--Antoine
Oudin--Other grammars--Père Chiflet--The 'exercises'--Travellers at
the Universities--At the Protestant Academies--Geneva--Isaac
Casaubon--The 'idle traveller'--The 'beau'--Affectations of newly
returned travellers--Commendation and censure of travel.

CHAPTER VIII

THE STUDY OF FRENCH AMONG MERCHANTS AND SOLDIERS 239

Merchants and the study of French--Text-books for
merchants--Relations with the Netherlands--The 'book from
Anvers'--Barlement's book of dialogues--Meurier's manuals for
teaching French to the English in Antwerp--The study of French in the
Netherlands--French for soldiers--The Verneys--John Wodroeph--The
difficulty of the French language--Necessity of rules as well as
practice--_The Marrow of the French Tongue_.

PART III

STUART TIMES

CHAPTER I

FRENCH AT THE COURTS OF JAMES I. AND CHARLES I.--FRENCH STUDIED BY THE
LADIES--FRENCH PLAYERS IN LONDON--ENGLISH GENERALLY IGNORED BY
FOREIGNERS 259

The French language in England in the time of the early Stuarts--In
the royal family--French tutors--John Florio--Guy Le
Moyne--Massonet--Sir Robert Le Grys--French among the
ladies--Erondelle's _French Garden_ for English ladies--His
dialogues--His career as a teacher--His earlier works--The French
Queen of England--French plays in London--The English language
neglected by foreigners--English literature ignored in
France--English players abroad--The study of English--English
grammars for foreigners in England--French teachers and merchants
further the study of English--Provision for teaching English in the
Netherlands and in France.

CHAPTER II

FRENCH GRAMMARS--BOOKS FOR TEACHING LATIN AND FRENCH--FRENCH IN PRIVATE
INSTITUTIONS 281

Robert Sherwood, teacher of French and English--His school and
_French Tutour_--William Colson, another English teacher--His
'method' and writings--Maupas's French grammar in England--William
Aufeild--How to study French--The _Flower de Luce_--Laur du Terme on
the teaching of French--Paul Cogneau's French grammar--His
method--Continued use of the sixteenth-century French grammars--Latin
and French--Latin school-books adapted to teaching French--Books for
teaching Latin and French together--The _Janua_ of Comenius--Wye
Saltonstall--De Grave--French in private institutions--The _Museum
Minervae_--Gerbier's Academy--French in schools for ladies.

CHAPTER III

THE "LITTLE BLOIS" IN LONDON 301

The Blois group of French teachers--Claude Mauger and his French
grammar--Its popularity and development--Mauger's Letters--Other
writings--Life in London--Teaches English--Mauger's method of
teaching--Mauger at Paris--The demand for his grammar abroad--Paul
Festeau--His French and English grammars--Editions and
contents--Pierre Lainé--His French grammar--Encouragement of the
study of French literature.

CHAPTER IV

THE FRENCH TEACHING PROFESSION AND METHODS OF STUDYING THE
LANGUAGE 319

Vogue of French romances in England--Dorothy Osborne--Pepys on French
literature--His French books--French text-books and the _précieux_
spirit--William Herbert--His criticism of the French teaching
profession--Rivalry among teachers--Need for protection--Herbert's
later works--His early career in England--Quarrels with a minister of
the French church--English gentry at the French church--Pepys a
regular attender--French teachers encourage the practice--The method
of 'grammar and rote'--French 'by rote'--Examples of how French was
studied--Latin by grammar--Calls for reform--The case against
grammar--French taught on the 'right method'--Attempts to teach Latin
on the same lines as French--Contrast between the learning of Latin
in England 'by grammar' and of French in France 'by rote.'

CHAPTER V

THE TOUR IN FRANCE 341

The Protestant schools and Academies--A group of English students at
Saumur--Travellers at the French Universities--A method of
travel--Attitude of the French teachers to the tour in France--Guide
books--Routes followed--Favourite resorts for study--_Auberges_ and
_pensions_--Language masters in France--Grammars for
travellers--Howell's instructions for travellers--Suitable books for
students--The 'Grand' and 'Petit' Tour in
France--Paris--Inexperienced young travellers--Sir John Reresby in
France.

CHAPTER VI

GALLOMANIA AFTER THE RESTORATION 361

Gallomania in England after the Restoration--The royal family in
France--Their knowledge of the language--English courtiers and gentry
in France--Men of letters in France--French and the French at the
English court after the Restoration--French 'salons' London--French
valets, cooks, dancing masters, tailors--The French language--French
among the ladies--The 'Frenchified' lady--The 'beaux' or English
'monsieurs'--French influence at the theatre--Popularity of French
actors in London.