Chapter XV: Appendix: Significance of Blood in the Marriage Rite.645 (3)

Jacob:
at Bethel, 160;
and Laban agreeing on landmark, 171;
his pillar, 268 f.
“Jacob’s ladder” probably stepped-temple structure, 112.
Jaffa, sacrifices of sheep at beginning of railroad at, 56.
“_Janua_,” reference to, 200.
Janus, Gate-god of Romans, 97.
Japan:
salt sprinkled on threshold in, 20;
survival of foundation-laying in blood in, 51 f.;
shimenawa suspended above door in, 72;
gods of Ni-o guarding threshold in, 96;
temples of, on model of primeval huts, 101;
doorways apart from temples in, 104;
pilgrims at threshold of sacred shrines of, 125;
Shinto temples of, 201;
reverence for phallic emblems in, 230.
Jastrow, Prof. Dr. Morris, Jr.: cited, 79, 144, 253.
Jastrow, Rev. Dr. Marcus, testimony of, 212.
Jehoash, altar at threshold in days of, 121.
Jehoiada:
chest for offerings placed at temple door and altar, 121;
his assignment of priests to threshold, 120.
Jennings, Hargrave: cited, 230.
Jeremiah, references to, 64, 213.
Jericho:
curse of Joshua on rebuilder of walls of, 46 f.;
walls of, falling down, 211.
Jerome: his translation of _saph_, 207.
Jerusalem:
and Jaffa railroad, sacrifice at beginning of, 57;
blood placed on lintel of temple at, 67;
red hand in Jews’ quarter of, 75;
waters issuing from under threshold of temple at, 114;
altar of burnt offering at threshold of temple at, 120;
temple site at, 161;
presence of Christ at, 215;
Church of Holy Sepulcher at, 221.
Jesus:
reference of, to door, 6,
to gates of Hades, 65;
the Door, 104.
Jews:
red hand on houses of, in Jerusalem, 76,
on houses at Safed, 77;
open hand found over graves of, in Europe, 79;
in Morocco, bloody hand on door-posts among, 67 f.;
sign of hand found in houses of, 76;
sacrifice of lamb at door of new house of, 76 f.;
in Tunis, bloody hand among, 78 f.;
hand as talisman against evil eye among, 79;
rubbing fingers on synagogue door-posts among, 144;
modern, observing passover, 211 f.
Jicarilla Apaches:
prominence of red hand among, 87;
celebration of attainment to puberty among, 88-92.
John the Baptist, reference to, 218 f.
Jones and Kropf:
cited, 12, 18, 20 f., 143;
quotation from, 17.
Jordan, source of, at threshold of grotto of Pan, 115.
Joshua:
his curse on rebuilder of Jericho, 46 f.;
guardians of threshold in days of, 120.
Journal of American Folk-Lore, references to, 5, 21.
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, reference to, 236.
Joyner. See _Von Löher and Joyner_.
Judicial oath, uplifted hand in, 83.
Julien, Stanislas: cited, 156.
“Jumping the broomstick,” 143.
Juno, Virgil’s reference to brazen threshold in temple of, 130.
Jupiter:
priest of, at Lystra, 134 f.;
reference to boundary lines, 171;
image of, as boundary mark, 172.
Justice sought at gate:
among Arabs, 57-59;
in Arabia, 59 f.;
in Babylonia and Elam, 60;
in Egypt, 60 f.;
in India, 61;
in Morocco, 62 f.;
among Israelites, 63 f.;
in Turkey, 65.
Justinian, Emperor: cited, 181.

Ka, or soul, of dead, offerings to, 106.
Kaʿbah in mosk at Meccah, 163.
Kadesh, Egyptian goddess, 234.
Kadi, reference to, 247.
Kamehameha, king of Sandwich Islands, 150.
_Kami_, gods of doorways, 104.
_Kardas Sarks_, god of house, prayer to, 44.
Kathiawar, human sacrifice at threshold at, 61.
Kauzeroon, British envoy approaching, 189.
Keeper of gate, honorable position, 119 f.
_Kef Miryam_, name of sign of hand, 77.
Keightley, Thomas, references to, 172, 236.
Keoroeva, ancient gods of Maui, 150.
Ket, uses of the Egyptian goddess, 234.
Key, uses of the Hebrew word for, 253.
Khaleefs of Bagdad, threshold custom of, 10.
Khedive, threshold sacrifice to welcome new, 7.
Khem, god of generative force, 234.
Khonds of Orissa, crossing threshold in wedding among, 39.
Khorsabad, sanctity of doorway in, 108 f.
Kid:
outpoured blood of, in hospitality among Arabs, 23;
sacrificed on threshold in Syria, 26.
King, Capt. J.S.:
quotations from, #27f72# f.;
cited, 196.
King:
human sacrifice to welcome, 8 f.;
and priest, offices claimed by same person, 101 f.
Kings of Scotland crowned on Coronation Stone, 268.
King’s highway, 176.
Kissing:
threshold in Persia, 12;
doors among Pythagoreans, 13;
threshold among Morlacchi in Dalmatia, 31;
doorway serpent in Yezidis’ temple, 116;
threshold of mosk in Persia, 123 f.;
threshold of gate of tomb of Alee, 124;
threshold of _wely_, 129;
threshold and door-posts of church in Abyssinia, 130 f.
“Kissing the church” in Abyssinia, 131.
Kitto, John, references to, 120, 212.
Kitzuki, sacredness of threshold among pilgrims at, 125 f.
Kiva temples, hand on walls of, 92.
Knight, Richard Payne: cited, 230.
“Knowledge, Tree of,” reference to, 156.
“Knowledge,” in Bible narrative, 238.
Kohala, temple in, 150.
Koner. See _Guhl and Koner_.
Koran, See _Quran_.
Korea:
dead taken through hole in city wall in, 24;
marriage covenant made by tracing woman’s hand on contract, 93;
doorways apart from temples in, 104;
pilgrims at threshold in sacred shrines of, 125.
Kowalewsky, M.: cited, 42.
Krasnoslobodsk, marriage customs in, 249.
Kropf, Lewis L.:
cited, 12, 18, 20.
See, also, _Jones and Kropf_.
Kurigalzu II., king of Babylon, 154.
Kuru-Kshetra, holy ground, 156.
“_Kuza bemuchsaz Kuzu_”–name of God, 70.

Laban and Jacob agreeing about landmark, 171.
Lachish, Tell el-Hesy, site of ancient, 58.
Lacouperie, Terrien de: cited, 185, 231.
Ladder, Jacob’s, probably stepped-temple structure, 112.
“Lady of the great land,”–Beltis Allat, 113.
Lakshmi, wife of Vishnoo, represented as seated on serpent, 235.
Lamb:
sacrificed at door for guest, in Egypt, 4,
in Syria, 4, 26;
outpoured blood of, in hospitality among Arabs, 23;
sacrificed at foundation-laying in Greece, 53;
buried under altar in first Christian churches in Swedish tradition,
56;
sacrificed on Arab joining another tribe, 58 f.;
sacrificed at door of new house of Jew or Muhammadan in Palestine,
76 f.
Lamberton, Prof. W.A.: cited, 132, 134.
Lamps and laurels on gates in Tertullian’s time, 97 f.
Lanciani, Dr. Rodolfo: cited, 56, 257 f.
Landmark:
sacred boundary of private, 166;
local, in form of phallus, 166;
in Babylonia, 166;
in laws of Hebrews, 169;
in India, 169;
fixing and honoring of, origin of, 175.
Landor, A. Henry Savage-: cited, 24, 94.
Lane, Edward William:
cited, 26, 37, 129, 245;
references to, 123, 244.
Lane-Poole, Stanley: cited, 129, 200.
Lantevit Major Church, wedding customs at, 141.
Lapland, significance of stepping over threshold in, 12.
Lares and Penates in Cicero’s time, 41.
Latins, marriage custom among, 29.
Launching custom of “christening” in England and America, 8.
Laurel:
wreaths hung in doorway at marriage among Romans, 73;
Christians warned against placing, on their gates, 97.
Laurie, Dr. Thomas: cited, 124.
Law of doorway, 5-10.
Laws of Manu, reference to, 6.
Layard, Sir Austen H.:
cited, 68, 109, 111, 190, 201, 234 f.;
his discovery of sculptured image of Assyrian king, 115 f.
“Laying on of hands, the,” as symbol of imparting power, 85.
Lazarus at gate of Dives, 64.
Leaping over threshold, 117.
Lebanon, Mt., region receiving European prince, 191.
Legend and fact as contributors to proof of custom among Orientals,
77.
Legends:
of Dumuzi, Tammuz, Osiris, and Adonis, correspondences in, 115;
and symbols employed concerning boundary lines, 171 f.
Leland, Charles Godfrey: cited, 17 f., 233.
_Lèlè_, name for altar, 150 f.
Lemm, Oscar von: cited, 128.
Lenormant, François: cited, 109.
Levites and priests assigned to threshold and foundation, 120.
Levitical laws concerning sacrifice not made at “door of tent of
meeting,” 118 f.
Levy, Rabbi Jacob: cited, 208.
Libation of water offered on threshold, 16 f., 29.
Liberia:
fowl sacrificed to welcome guest in, 9;
nuptial customs of, 196.
Liberian clergyman’s testimony regarding threshold custom, 39.
Liddell and Scott: cited, 208.
Liebenstein, castle of, made fast by burying child, 49.
Life:
new, outgrowth of truth of primal threshold covenant, 226;
tree of, symbol of feminine nature, 230;
goddess of, in Egypt and Assyria, 234.
Lifting bride over threshold:
among Towkas, 35;
in Abyssinia, Egypt, Syria, 38;
in Greece, Rome, and West Africa. 39;
in Russia, England, Scotland, Ireland, and United States, 44;
in Central America, 45.
_Limen_, Jerome’s word for _saph_, 207.
Limentinus, threshold god of Romans, 97.
Lindisfarne Abbey, marriage customs at, 141.
_Linga in yoni_, symbol of Siva’s worship, 198, 236.
Lintel:
hand in dough impressed on, in Upper Syria, 28 f.;
smeared with honey and water, 30;
blood on, 66, 68;
inscriptions as to sacredness of, 66, 68;
blood stains above, 67;
symbolic figures on, 70;
sentences written on, in China, 71;
Romans affixing spoils of battle on, 73;
red hand on, 74;
red hand on, in Babylonia, 75;
ornamentation of, in ancient Egypt, 100;
image of Horus on, 127;
kissed by pious in Abyssinia, 131;
decorations on, and above, 146;
blood on, as protection for house, 206;
and two side-posts, God passing over, 210.
Lithuania, wooden cross placed under threshold in, 18.
Littleton, Sir Thomas: cited, 140.
London, horseshoes on threshold of houses in ancient, 74.
Loong-moo, sacrifice of fowl in honor of divinity, among Chinese, 71
f.
“Lord of the great city,” god Nergal as, 113.
Lot welcoming angels, 211.
Lotus flower:
in religious symbolisms, 230;
reference to, 234;
symbol of fecundity, 257.
“Louping stone,” 142.
Lowell, Percival: cited, 104, 126, 201.
_Lubare_, offering to, in Uganda, 15.
Lubbock, Sir John: cited, 39.
Luncz, A.M., quotations from, 67, 76.
Lund’s Every-day Life in Scandinavia: reference to, 7, 12.
Lystra, temple of Jupiter at, reference to, 135.

McDowell, Henry B.: cited, 96.
McLennan, Dr. John F.: cited, 39.
Mackay, Alexander: cited, 15.
Mackenzie, Capt. J.S.F., quotation from, 258 f.
Maçoudi’s _Les Prairies d’Or_, reference to, 200.
_Madaa_, place of prayer, 164.
Madagascar, importance of right foot in, 38;
circumcision in, 149.
Mafkat, land of, 184.
Magharah, Wady, boundary marks in, 179.
Magyars:
stepping over threshold among, 12;
custom to win love, 19 f.
Mahabharata:
cited, 6;
on responsibility of heralds, 62;
Hindoo epic, 157.
_Mal occhis_, or evil eye, 79.
Male represented by stone or pole, 258.
Man, origin and development of, 223.
Manoli in “Monastery of Argis,” story of, 52 f.
_Mantra_, meaning of word, 15.
Manu, Laws of, reference to, 6.
_Maras_ kept off by cross on threshold, 18.
“Marches,” reference to, 183.
Marduk, reference to, 235.
_Margosa_, reference to, 259.
Margrave, origin of, 183.
Mariette Bey, references to, 111, 126, 128.
Market-places as boundaries, 178.
“Markgraf,” meaning of, 183.
“Marks,” reference to, 183.
Marquardt, Joachim: cited, 30, 39, 41.
“Marque, Letters of,” meaning of, 183.
“Marquee,” meaning of, 183.
Marquises, origin of, 183.
Marriage:
threshold covenanting in, 25-35;
by outpoured blood at threshold, 26;
customs among Somalis in Central Africa, 27,
among Wallachians, 29,
in Egypt, 243, 245,
in China, Dahomey, 245,
in Syria, 246,
in Asia and Africa, in Krasnoslobodsk, among Mordvins, in Pensa,
249,
in Samoa, 251;
not “by capture,” 36;
celebrated at church door in Abyssinia, 131;
where solemnized, 138;
Pre-Reformation rule of, 139;
services in Protestant Episcopal churches, 148;
covenant, primitive certificate of, 196;
primitive rite of, 214, 225;
sacrament of, in Roman Catholic Church, 222;
torch, origin of, 226;
certificate in Syria, 245,
in Upper Egypt, 245;
ceremonies among Muhammedans, 247;
ceremonies among Christians at Haleb, 248;
ceremonies in Darfour, 249.
See, also, _Wedding ceremonies_.
“Mary’s Hand, Virgin,” among Christians of Syria, 77.
Masjid:
bridegroom’s visit to, in Central Africa, 27;
place of prostration, 163.
Mask marked with hand among Jicarilla Apaches, 89.
Mason, William Shaw: cited, 21, 81.
“Mason and Dixon’s line,” 182.
Maspero, Prof. G.:
cited, 14, 39, 85;
references to, 95, 102, 105 f., 113 f., 126, 169, 201, 235.
Massachusetts, beating bounds in, 176.
Mastabahs, false doors in ancient Egypt, 106 f.
Matthews, Washington, reference to, 87.
Maundrell, Henry, reference to, 222.
Maui, Island of, ancient god of, 150.
Maurice, Thomas:
cited, 122;
references to, 123, 236 f.
Maya people, sacrifices among, 145.
Meccah:
black stone of, reference to, 10;
prayer niche toward, 108;
mosk of, image thrown down at gate of, 123;
mosk at, reference to, 163;
Hajj procession from, 186.
Medals showing altar at threshold, 121.
Medicine taken on threshold in Tuscany, 17 f.
Medina, mosk of, pieces of idol thrown down at gate of, 123.
Mediterranean, boundary marks on shores of, 178.
Medusa and serpents, 237.
Memorials in door form, in various lands, 107.
Mercury:
reference to, concerning boundary lines, 171;
image of, as boundary landmark, 172.
Merodach:
god of left side of gate, 95;
temple of, threshold plated with gold, 110.
Metâwileh, hen sacrificed at building of house among, 45.
Metempsychosis connected with threshold covenant, 226.
Mexico:
Indians of ancient, reference to, 21;
sacrificial stone of temple of, 56;
ancient, altar in doorway, 108;
earliest form of temple in, 144;
religions of, and serpent as symbol, 235.
Meydoom, stepped pyramid of, in Egypt, 126.
“Mezuza,” covenant record at door-way, 69 f.
Middle Empire of Egypt:
disappearance of door form in, 106;
temples of, 155.
“Midsummer Day” festival in Russia, 42.
“Mihrab,” or prayer niche, probable origin of its form, 108.
Mile-posts as landmarks, 176.
Min, Egyptian god of generative force, 234.
Mineptah I., memorial stone of, 180.
Minnesota, threshold custom among Scandinavians in, 259.
Mississippi, lower, religious ceremonies among Indians along, 147.
“Mizpah,” memorial of covenant, 171.
Mnesikles, architect, plan of, 158.
Moksha, wooing custom among, 42.
“Monastery of Argis,” foundation sacrifice in, 52 f.
Monier-Williams, Sir Monier: cited, 156, 198 f., 230, 236.
Monoliths in front of door of temple at Yeha, 131.
Montezuma: his consecration of altar by blood of captives, 56.
Moon-god Sin:
Ur-Gur with uplifted hands before, 80;
reference to, 161.
Mordevins. See _Mordvins_.
Mordvins:
threshold as altar among, 32;
marriage customs of, 41, 249.
Morea, threshold custom in, 30.
Morier, James:
cited, 11 f., 78, 123;
quotation from, 189 f.
Morlacchi custom of kissing threshold, 31.
Morocco, survival of sacrificing at door-way in, 62.
Mosaic law, appeal to altar in covenant in, 65.
Moses:
at gate of camp, 63;
meeting Jehovah at doorway, 119;
in wilderness of Sinai, 160 f.
“Moses, Hand of,” red hand called, 77.
Mosk of St. Sophia, stamp of red hand in, 77.
Mostur, temple of Thor in, 160.
Mt. Lebanon region, European prince received in, 191.
Mt. Moriah:
temple on, reference to, 161;
and Abraham’s offering, 161.
Mt. Sinai, reference to, 94.
Mountain peaks as boundaries, 178.
Muhammad:
certificate of protection signed with impression of open hand of,
94;
throne of, reached only by kissing threshold, 124.
Muhammad II.: his victory over Christians sealed by bloody hand, 77.
Muhammad Issoof, letter from king of Mysore to, 94.
Muhammadan:
substitute for “blood of the grape,” 5;
conquest of India, reference to, 123.
Muhammadans:
to place right foot first in crossing threshold, 36;
inscribe gates, fountains, bridges, and houses, 70;
sacred inscriptions placed above doorways by, 71;
sign of hand among, 76;
lamb sacrificed at door of new house of, 76 f.;
“Hand of the Prophet” on houses of, 77;
sultan as father of faithful, 103;
prayer niche among, 108;
treading on idol at gate, 123;
threshold of mosks counted sacred among, 123;
their estimate of first foundations, 162;
marriage customs of, 247;
reticent on matters concerning women, 247 f.
Muir, Sir William, reference to, 164.
Mülhau and Volck, reference to, 255.
Müller, Ivan V., reference to, 172.
Müller, Prof. W. Max: cited, 127, 234.
Muslims. See _Muhammadans_.
Mussulmans. See _Muhammadans_.
Mysore:
king of, hand-print on back of letter written by, 94;
ancient religious custom at, 258.
Mysoreans, hand-print equivalent to oath among, 94.

Naaman, reference to, 161.
Nabob of Arcot, banners of, inscribed with hand, 78.
Nabonidus, king of Babylon, 153.
Nabunaʾid, king of Babylon, 154.
Nahr-el-Kelb:
as gateway of nations, 105;
boundary marks at, 178.
Nahuas, marriage ceremonies of, 246.
Nakishbend, tomb of, threshold stone at, 124 f.
Naomi, reference to, 64.
Napier, James: cited, 44.
Naples, pine cone among Pompeian relics at, 257.
Narâm-Sin, reference to, 154.
_Nasa_, meaning of Hebrew word, 83.
Natchez Indians, religious ceremonies among, 147.
Nations or states, boundaries of, 177.
Neapolitan Museum, information concerning threshold at, 258.
Nebo:
shrine of, 110;
references to, 177, 188.
Nebuchadrezzar I.:
meaning of name, 177;
his empire boundary, 188.
Nebuchadrezzar II.:
inscriptions of, 109;
his description of building walls of Babylon, 109-111;
reference to, 154.
Negeb:
reference to, 160;
boundary dispute on borders of, 170.
Neoptolemus and Orestes in temple at Delphi, 134.
Nephthys, guardian of gateway of Egyptian temple, 127.
Nergal, threshold god among Assyrians, 95, 113, 235.
Nestorians kissing threshold on entering church, 124.
Nevius, Rev. J.W.: cited, 24.
New Empire of Egypt:
religious pictures on stele in tombs of, 107;
buildings of, 155.
New England:
door at corner of house in, 55;
“beating the bounds” in, 176.
“New Fire, Festival of,” 147.
New Testament, symbols of Old Testament explained in, 215.
New Year:
threshold custom in Aberdeenshire, 20 f.;
of Hebrews, 212;
Easter beginning new Ecclesiastical, 221.
New Zealand, sacred image as gateway in, 107 f.
Niche:
as shrine in Egypt, 106;
survival of tomb doorways, 108;
prominence of, in Egypt, 106 f.,
in New Zealand, 107 f.,
in Muhammadan and Christian lands and in China, 108.
Niebuhr, C.: cited, 248.
Nikkō, shrines of, 126.
Nile, Gen Grant on Upper, 7 f.
Nimb tree, reference to, 259.
Nimitti-Bel, gate of, in walls of Babylon, 110.
Nimroud, blood-stained slabs at entrance to palace of, 68.
Nineveh:
sanctity of doorway in, 108 f.;
sculpture of Assyrian king with uplifted arm found at, 115.
Ni-o, prints of gods placed over doors in Japan, 95.
Nippur:
sanctity of doorway in, 108 f.;
altar found between temples in, 111.
_Nish_, Assyrian word for swearing, 83.
Noetling, Dr., reference to, 77.
Northly, Hen., reference to, 140.
Norway, Thorolf of, removing to Iceland, 160.
“Not by door,” entering house, 6.
Notre Dame, marriage at door of church of, 130.
November 11 as sacrifice day in Ireland, 21.
Nubia:
ancient map of gold districts in, 180;
reference to, 185.
Numa, directions of, concerning boundaries, 173.
Nuptial torch in marriage ceremony, 41.
Nurshivan and Hormuz, reference to, 11.
Nuts presented to bride at threshold in Dalmatia, 31.

Oath, uplifted hand in judicial, 83.
Obelisk, symbol of Baal, 214.
Oberea, queen of Otaheite, 250 f.
Offerings:
at threshold, 28, 118 f.;
to local divinity at threshold-laying, 95;
for dead pictured on stele of Middle Empire of Egypt, 106.
_Ohel_, applied to private tent and to sacred tabernacle, 101.
Ohnefalach-Richter, reference to, 231.
Old Empire of Egypt:
false door in early tombs of, 106;
temples of, 155.
Old Testament and New:
waters of life in, 115;
rites and symbols of, 215.
Oldest member of household first to enter new house, 54.
Olympian games, references to, 7, 263.
Olympus, House of Zeus, 132.
_Om mani padme Hūm_, 199.
Omaha chief, burial of, 85 f.
Ophites, teaching of, 239.
Oracle at Delphi, 236.
Oran buried alive in foundation of cathedral in Iona, 50.
Orestes and Neoptolemus at Delphi, 134.
Oriental:
sovereigns and boundaries, 177;
Christians, covenanting at threshold among, 221;
figures of speech obscured by literalism of Western mind, 238.
Orissa, importance of threshold in marriage in, 39.
Orme, R.: cited, 94.
Osiris:
annual feast in honor of, 14 f.;
references to, 106, 115, 128 f., 179;
door of gateway, 127.
“_Ostium_” defined, 200.
Otaheite, primitive threshold in, 250.
Ovid: cited, 172 f.
Owens, J.G.: cited, 21.
Oxford, Penn., stone landmark at, 183.

Palestine:
spilling water on threshold in, 29;
sacrifice at beginning railroad in, 57;
blood on lintel, 67;
red hand in, 75;
hand printed in blue in houses of, 76.
Palgrave, William G.: cited, 10.
Palm cone, symbolism of, 231.
Palmer, Prof. E.H., quotation from, 26.
Pan, threshold of grotto of, 115.
Pan-kăng, emperor of China, reference to, 157.
Paper sprinkled with blood in China, 72.
“Parting-stool,” reference to, 142.
_Pāsăkha_, meaning of, 208, 210, 266.
Paul:
with Barnabas at Lystra, 135;
his reference to foundations, 162;
to Corinthian Christians, 215;
on Christian passover, 217;
on relation between Christ and his church, 219.
Pausanias: cited, 135.
Pecos, red-hand symbol in ancient Pueblos of, 87 f.
Peepul tree, in Upper India, 156, 259.
Peloponnesus and Attica, boundary between, 180.
Penates:
reference to, 19;
of Romans at threshold, 23;
appeased by bread and salt, 32;
and Lares in Cicero’s time, 41.
Pennsylvania:
threshold custom in, 21;
corner-stone at door in, 55;
horseshoes as doorway guards in, 74;
stone landmark in, 183.
Pennsylvania Magazine of History, reference to, 183.
Pensa, marriage customs in, 249.
“_Per-ao_” (Pharaoh), meaning of, 103.
Pericles building new Propylæa, 158.
Perrot and Chipiez:
cited, 71, 78, 80, 85, 100, 103, 105, 111, 201, 231, 235;
quotation from, 106 f.
Persea, reference to, 180.
Persepolis, justice at palace gate of, 60.
Persia:
sacredness of threshold in, 11 f.;
sacred passages inscribed over doorways in, 71;
banners and prayer-rugs inscribed with open hand in, 78;
no temples in ancient, 100;
fire-altar on uplifted threshold as place of worship in, 100, 102;
veneration for threshold of mosks in, 123 f.;
border sacrifices in, 188;
shah of, entering Teheran, 189;
reverence for phallic emblems in, 230;
marriage customs in, 249;
phallus represented by boundary posts, 258.
Peru:
blood smeared on doorway in, 73;
stepped pyramid temples in, 111;
religions of, and serpent as symbol, 235.
_Pesakh_. See _Pāsăkh_.
Petrie, Dr. W.M. Flinders:
his discovery of ornamental door-jams, 58;
reference to, 126.
“Petting stone,” at Lindisfarne Abbey, 141.
Phallus, reverence for, in Babylonia, Assyria, India, China, Japan,
Persia, Phrygia, Phenicia, Egypt, Abyssinia, Greece, Rome, Germany,
Scandinavia, France, Spain, Great Britain, North and South America,
Islands of the Sea, 230.
“Pharaoh,” meaning of, 103.
Phenicia:
uplifted hand of deities of, 79 f.;
prominence of door in, 107;
altar at threshold in, 121;
indications of presence of deity in, 201;
reverence for phallic emblems in, 230;
religions of, and serpent as symbol, 235;
pine cone symbol in, 257.
Philip II. of Spain, reference to, 139.
Philistines, sacredness of threshold among, 11 f.
Philo Judæus:
cited, 208, 238;
reference to, 239.
_Philos_, _Phleō_, and _Phliē_, meanings and uses of, 255 f.
Phœbus Apollo, reference to, 133.
Phrygia:
threshold altar in, 121;
reverence for phallic emblems in, 230.
Pig:
sacrifice of black, in Russia, 19;
blood of, sprinkled at door in Borneo, 20;
buried alive under houses, 56;
as sacrifice, 148.
Pigeon-poult’s blood in Arabia, 248.
Pigeons sacrificed at door, 4.
Pilgrims at threshold in Japan, in Korea, in Shinto and Booddhist
temple, 125.
Pillar:
of cloud at doorway of tent of meeting, 119;
of Baal, 214;
and tree in religious symbolism, 232;
command to Israelites concerning, 233.
“Pillars of Herculus,” 181.
Pine cone: in ancient Assyrian sculptures, in Grecian and Phenician
cults, and in ancient Rome, 257.
Pinkerton, John: cited, 39.
Pipal tree. See _Peepul tree_.
Pipiles, sacrifices among, 146.
“Plain of Kuru,” 156.
Pliny, reference to, 93.
Ploss, H., reference to, 93.
Plutarch: cited, 25, 39, 41, 180 f., 263, 265.
Pole, brush-topped, symbolism of, 214, 258.
Polynesia:
survival of foundation-laying in blood in, 51 f.;
uplifted hand found in stepped-pyramid temples of, 83;
boundary lines in, 174.
Pomegranate:
on threshold in Morea, 30, in Rhodes, 30 f.;
in religious symbolisms, 230.
Pompeian relics at Naples, 257.
Ponce de Leon and fountain of life, 148.
Poole. See _Lane-Poole_.
_Poros_, derivation of, 265.
_Porta_ and _Porto_, derivation of, 265.
_Porta di morti_ in Italian houses for corpse, 24.
Porter, Sir Robert Kerr: cited, 9, 71.
Porter, twofold use of word, 263-265.
Portuguese navigators and boundary pillars, 180 f.
_Postliminium_, a recrossing of threshold, 181.
_Pôth_:
uses of Hebrew word, 253;
as hinge or socket, 254.
Prabhus of Bombay, birth custom among, 17.
Prague, open hand above graves in, 79.
Prayer:
on burying articles under threshold, 20;
offered to “goddess of the homestead” in betrothal in Russia, 32;
for dead at door of Egyptian tombs, 106;
Booddhist in Tibet, 199;
meaning of, 228.
Prayer-rug in Turkey and Persia, 78.
Priest:
house-father as earliest, 3;
among Jicarilla Apaches, 89;
as ruler, 165;
of Dagon not to tread on threshold, 117.
Primitive:
altar of family, 3;
threshold customs, 35;
temple as rude door-way, 102;
man and his knowledge, 224.
Prisse’s Monuments of Egypt, reference to, 234.
Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archæology, references to, 201,
231, 257.
Propylon:
of Egyptian temple, 127;
of Greek temple on Acropolis, 158.
_Pʾrosdôr_, rabbinical meaning of, 253.
Prostitution, sacred, origin of, 229.
Prostrating:
at gate of palace in Bagdad, 10;
at threshold of shrines of Egypt, 127 f.
Protection:
for enemy at home sanctuary, 57;
at threshold among Afghans, 58.
Protestant Episcopal churches:
baptismal font in, 147;
marriage ceremonies in, 148.
Psalmist:
his reference to lifting up hand, 82;
to honorable position of doorkeeper, 120.
Puberty celebrated among Jicarilla Apaches, 88-91.
Pueblos:
prominence of red hand among, 87;
references to, 88, 92.
Puhonuas, cities of refuge in Hawaii, 151.
Purity of primitive threshold covenant, 233.
“Put your right foot first,” 37 f.
_Puthmēn_, meanings and uses of, 255.
Pylon. See _Propylon_.
Pyramid, stepped:
many early temples in form of, 83, 111;
of Meydoom, 126;
references to, 144, 148, 229.
Pythagoras: cited, 37.
Pythagoreans, reverence for threshold among, 12 f.

Quarrels as result of shaking hands over threshold in Finland, 12.
Quarterly Statement of Palestine Exploration Fund, reference to, 29.
Queen of Heaven, statue of, in Carthage, 130.
Qurân, sentences from:
on gates, fountains, bridges, and houses, 70;
on houses of worship, 163.

.p2
Rahab, blood-colored thread on house of, 211.
Raja Pasupati, reference to, 157.
Ralston, W.R.S.:
cited, 12, 19, 24, 32, 54 f.;
quotation from, 23.
Rameses II., reference to, 180.
Ram’s horn on door-post in Tell-el-Hesy, 58.
Ramsay, Prof. W.M.: cited, 229.
Rawlinson, George: cited, 14, 105, 111 f.
Rawlinson, Sir Henry C.:
cited, 110, 153, 178, 184, 234;
quotation from, 167-169.
Recognition, Mount of, reference to, 164.
Records, Book of, or Shoo King, reference to, 158.
Red cloth on altar at marriage, 34.
Red hand:
as sign of covenant, 74 f.;
in Morocco, 74;
in Palestine, 74-76;
in Turkey, 74, 77;
in Babylonia, 75;
on lintel, 75;
Aryan origin of, 75;
among Sephardeem, 76;
in Mosk of St. Sophia, 77;
in Central America, 81 f.;
among aborigines of America, 83;
among Dacotahs, Winnebagoes, 84;
among Omahas, 85;
among Ioways, Sauks, Foxes, Sioux, Arickarees, Cheyennes, Arapahoes,
Comanches, Apaches, Jicarillas, and Pueblos, 87;
among Pecos, 87 f.;
among cliff-dwellers of Chelly Canyon, 87.
See, also, _Bloody hand_.
Red seal on documents, probable meaning of, 94.
Redwan, village of, 190.
Refuge, cities of, 151.
Remondino, Dr. P.C.: cited, 196.
Renouf, Le Page: cited, 128 f., 257.
_Rere_, name for altar, 150 f.
Réville, Albert: cited, 73, 111, 144 f., 235.
Rhodes, doorway marked with honey in, 30.
Rice:
as offering among Hindoos, 15;
on heads of bridal couple among Hindoos, 36;
presented to bride in China, 40;
as offering at threshold in Japan, 125 f.
Richon’s Dic. of Bib. Antiq., reference to, 103.
Rig Veda:
reference to, 157;
on production of sacred fire, 198.
Right foot first to cross threshold of mosk, 123.
Rio de Padrāo, or Pillar River, 182.
Rites:
religious, beginning of, 36, 199, 225;
and symbols of New Testament, 215.
Ritual of Old and New Testament, basis of, 228.
Rituals, ecclesiastical, origin of, 226.
River of Threshold, 182.
Roberts, Joseph: cited, 95, 122.
Robes stamped with red hand among American Indians, 83.
Rocky Pytho, reference to, 133.
Rod at door, stepping over, 123.
Rodd, Rennell:
cited, 27, 30 f., 38;
quotation from, 52 f.
Roman:
Penates at threshold or hearth, 23;
architect on proportions of temple, 36;
custom of placing statues under foundations, 55 f.;
custom of affixing spoils and trophies of war to lintels, 73;
temples, position of altar in, 134;
empire, mile-posts in, 176;
empire, threshold of, 258.
Roman Catholic Church on marriage, 222.
Roman Catholic churches, holy water in, in America, 147.
Rome:
lifting bride over threshold in, 39;
bride worshiping at altar-fire in, 41;
images under foundations in, 55 f.;
“gods of entrances” in, 97;
reference to religion of, 97;
reverence for phallic emblems in, 230;
pine cone found in, 257;
ceremonies at founding of, 264 f.
Romulus, founder of Rome, 264 f.
Rongo, first-born son of Vatea and Papa, reference to, 152.
Roscommon, county of, Druidical altar in, 81.
Rosenmüller, Ernst F.K.: cited, 78.
Roumania, bat and coin under threshold in, 20.
Rous’s Archæologia Attica, reference to, 39.
Rubbing foreheads on “stone of desire” at Baveddeen, 125.
Russia:
welcoming guest with bread and salt in, 9;
reverence for threshold in, 12;
threshold observances in, 18, 31 f.;
stillborn children buried under threshold in, 18;
sacrifice to “Vodyaour” in, 19;
household deity abiding behind stove in, 23;
concerning dead and threshold in, 24;
marriage custom among Mordvins in, 41;
crossing altar-fire in, 42;
death following building of new house in, 54;
“upper corner” of house sacred in, 54 f.;
disputed boundary lines in, 175.
Ruth, reference to, 64.
Ruthennu, land of the, reference to, 180.

“SA, the imposition of the,” representations on monuments of, 85.
Sacrament of marriage in Greek and Roman Catholic churches, 222.
Sacramental communion feasts, 226.
Sacred corner of building in Russia, 54 f.
Sacredness:
of threshold among Scandinavians, 6 f.;
of city gates among Greeks, 7;
among Hindoos, 11;
of boundary landmark in classic literature, 17;
of threshold recognized in architecture and ceremonial, 22, 102;
among Muhammadans, 123;
in Persia, 123 f.;
in Japan, 124 f.;
in Babylonia and in Egypt, 126 f.;
of doorway above threshold in Babylonia and Egypt, 126 f.
Sacrifice:
for family first made in home, 3 f.;
in Syria, 3-5;
at threshold in Egypt, 3, 7 f.;
in Africa, 9, 27 f.;
among Arabs, 9, 26, 59;
among Pipiles, 144;
in Mexico and Ireland, 21;
in Morocco, 63;
at door, of heifer, 4,
pigeons, 4,
horse, 4 f.,
bullock, 4, 7 f.,
sheep, 4, 7-9, 11, 21, 23, 26 f., 45, 53, 58 f., 63, 76 f.,
fowl, 4, 9, 21, 27, 45, 53-56, 71 f.,
goat, 4, 27 f., 45, 59,
buffaloes, 7,
human, 8 f., 46-48, 50-54, 56, 122 f., 125, 144 f.,
pig, 14, 19, 148,
cow, goose, 21;
of salt in Japan, 26;
at threshold to reconcile enemies, 59;
altar of, location of, 134;
offered at boundary of empire, 183;
origin of, 228.
Sacrificial rules of ancient Hindoos on stepping over threshold, 36 f.
Safed, sign of hand in houses at, 77.
Sailer, Dr. T.H.P.: cited, 266.
St. Catharine, convent of, reference to, 94.
St. Columba, human sacrifice in walls of cathedral of, 50.
St. Eric, tomb of, reference to, 140.
St. John, Spencer: cited, 20, 34.
St. John’s College, reference to, 48.
St. Sophia, mosk of, stamp of red hand in, 77.
Saint’s tomb as place of worship in Egypt, 129.
Saivism, or Sivaism, predominating in modern Hindooism, 198.
Sakya Sinha, attaining to Booddha-hood, 156.
Sale, G.: cited, 164.
Salt:
as substitute for blood, 5, 20;
on threshold in Syria, 5, in Japan, 20;
stepping over, 5;
and bread to welcome guest in Russia, 9,
among Arabs, 22,
among Erza, 43 f.;
and fire in Scotland, 21;
carried into new home in Pennsylvania, 21;
under threshold in Russia, 32 f.
Samoa:
spilling water on doorstep in, 12;
nuptial customs of, 196, 251;
boundary lines in, 174;
father as primitive priest in, 101.
Samson carrying off gates of Gaza, 255.
Sandwich Islands, temples in, 150.
_Saph_, meaning of, 205, 207 f.
Sarcophagi of Byzantine age showing altar on threshold, 121.
Sardinia, prominence of door in, 107.
Sargon I., reference to, 154.
Sauks, red hand among, 87.
Savage-Landor, A. Henry. See _Landor_.
Sayce, Prof. A.H.: cited, 8, 80, 111, 113, 169, 201, 235.
Scandinavia:
sacredness of door in, 6 f.;
reverence for phallic emblems in, 230.
Scandinavians in America, importance of threshold among, 259.
Schoolcraft, Dr. Henry R.:
quotation from, 83 f.;
reference to, 87.
Schrader, Dr. Eberhard: cited, 103, 177 f., 234.
Scotland:
treading upon boundary lines in, 13;
New Year’s threshold custom in, 20 f.;
sacredness of threshold in, 34;
lifting bride over threshold in, 44;
crowning of kings of, 268.
Scott, Robert. See _Liddell and Scott_.
Scottish legend of burying of human being in walls of cathedral, 50.
Sculpture:
on lintel in Palestine, 70;
palm cone in Assyrian, 231;
pine cone in Assyrian, 257.
Scutari, woman immured in walls of, 47 f.
Sea Dyaks, marriage custom among, 34.
Sea, Islands of:
spring of life-giving waters in, 151;
reverence for phallic emblems in, 230.
Seashore as boundary, 178.
Seaweed laid on threshold in Aberdeenshire, 20 f.
Sedan-chair to convey bride to her husband’s home in China, 39 f.
Seed-sowing, blood sprinkled at door at festival of, 20.
Seed-time ceremony at threshold, 16.
Segub, Jericho’s foundation laid in blood of, 47.
Selden, John: cited, 140.
_Senghi murad_, “stone of desire,” at Baveddeen, 125.
Sentiment as origin of persistent popular customs, 36.
Sephardeem, red hand among, 76.
Septuagint, references to, 117, 207.
Sepulcher, Holy, Church of, 221.
Serpent:
as guardian of thresholds in Babylon, 110 f.;
on temple doorway kissed by worshipers, 116;
as symbol of life, 233 f., 236;
on boundary stone in Babylonian domains, 234;
and phallus in Babylonian mythology, 235;
representative of evil, 235;
and Æsculapius, 236;
with Hindoo deities, 236;
and Medusa, 237;
worship perversion of threshold covenant, 237;
indicating desire, 238;
curse resting on, 239;
worship in Bangalore, 258 f.
Servius, Maurus H.: cited, 29 f.
Seti I., memorial stone of, 180.
Shagarakti-Buriash, inscription of, 154.
Shah of Persia entering Teheran, 189.
Shaking hands across threshold cause of quarrel, 12.
Shamash, sun-god:
and his worshipers with uplifted hands, 80;
gates open for his daily circuit, 105;
reference to, 201.
Shanghai, human sacrifice in, 48.
Shaykhs kissing temple threshold near Nineveh, 116.
Sheep, sacrifice of:
on threshold for guest, in Syria, 3 f.;
in Egypt, 3 f., 8;
in Central Africa, 9, 27;
east of Sea of Galilee, 11;
in Ireland, 21;
among Copts, 26, 45;
among Armenian Christians, 27;
at beginning of railroad at Jaffa, 57;
to reconcile enemies in Arabia, 60.
Sherrin, R.R.A.: cited, 107 f.
Shields painted with red hand among American Indians, 87.
Shih King, Chinese, on border sacrifices, 185.
Shimenawa suspended above doors in Japan, 72
Shintō temples:
modeled on primitive Japanese hut, 101;
doorways apart from, 104;
pilgrims at threshold of, 125;
reference to, 201.
Shintōism, sacred symbol of, suspended above door, 72.
Shintu, tutelar gods of threshold in China, 95 f.
Ship, horseshoe on mast of, 74.
Shoes removed at threshold:
of mosks, 123;
of churches in Abyssinia, 130.
Shoo King, Chinese, reference to, 158.
Shooter, Joseph: cited, 28.
Shores of sea as boundaries, 178.
Shortland, Edward, quotation from, 93.
Shrines:
sacred doorways in front of, in China, Japan, Korea, 104;
in Siam, India, 105;
at doorway in Babylonia, in Assyria, 105;
in Egypt, 106;
of Kitzuki, of Isé, of Kikkō, threshold customs at, 125 f.
Siam, doorways near temples in, 104.
Sibree, James: cited, 38.
Sicily, prominence of door in, 107.
Sidon, consul at, reference to, 70.
Sign of red hand. See _Red hand_.
Silvanus, god of boundaries, 171, 173.
Silver hand worn by children, 76.
“Silver Threshold,” temple of, in Thebes, 127.
Sin, Moon-god, references to, 80, 154.
Sinai:
Moses in wilderness of, 160 f.;
peninsula of, boundary marks in, 179, 184.
Sioux, red hand among, 87.
Sippara, sanctity of doorway in, 108 f.
_Sippu_, Assyrian word for threshold, 110 f., 209.
_Sirim_, Hebrew for hinges, 253.
Sitting on threshold not allowed in Russia, 12.
Siva:
hand as symbol of, 78, 198;
temple of, at Thâvesar, 157;
crowned with serpent, 236.
Skarpanto, threshold custom in, 31.
Skeat, Rev. Walter W.: cited, 265.
Skertchley, J.A.: cited, 245.
Skins stamped with red hand among American Indians, 83.
Slave, Hebrew, adoption of, as member of family, 210.
Slavic:
custom of covenanting, 42;
citadel made firm by immuring child in walls, 50;
peoples, “Death Week” among, 19.
Smith, Dr. William:
cited, 7, 73, 134, 172 f., 236 f., 263.
See, also, _Smith and Cheetham_.
Smith, W. Robertson:
quotation from, 59 f.;
cited, 209, 214, 231 f.
Smith, George: cited, 109.
Smith and Cheetham: cited, 222.
Snakes. See _Serpents_.
Sneezing on threshold unpropitious, 11.
Sneferu in Sinaitic Peninsula, 178 f.
Snell, Rev. A., reference to, 140.
Sodom:
reference to king of, 82;
angels welcomed in, 211.
Soko at Tangier, reference to, 52.
Somali tribes, sacrifice at threshold among, 27.
Somnauth, idol in temple of, shattered and placed under threshold,
123.
Sophocles: cited, 133.
Sorcery, prominence of threshold in, 17 f.
Sources of rivers as boundaries, 178.
South America:
doorways smeared with blood in, 73;
earliest form of temple in, 144;
reverence for phallic emblems in, 230;
serpent as religious symbol in, 235.
South Sea Islands, temples of, 148.
Sovereigns in ancient East represented by uplifted hand, 79 f.
Spain, reverence for phallic emblems in, 230.
Spanish Jews, significance of red hand among, 76.
Spectator, The, reference to, 19.
Spencer, Herbert, references to, 21, 98.
Spiritual forces, conception of, characteristic of man, 223.
Spitting on threshold unpropitious, 11.
Spivak, Dr.: cited, 93.
Sprenger, A: cited, 164, 200.
Squier, Hon. E.G.: cited, 230, 235.
Stade, Dr. Bernard: cited, 214, 255.
Stamboul, sacrifice on threshold of house spared in great fire in, 66
f.
Stanitsas, or land divisions among Cossacks, 175 f.
Stanley, Henry M.: cited, 86, 174, 182.
Stanley, Dean: cited, 222, 268 f.
States or nations, boundaries of, 177.
Statues in foundations in Rome, 55 f.
Stele:
memorial of dead inscribed on, 106;
monumental, origin of, 107;
containing sculptured image of Assyrian king, 115;
set up on boundary line, 177;
as doorways, 178.
Stengel’s _Die griech. Sac._, reference to, 172.
Stenin, P. von: cited, 249.
Stephens, John L.: cited, 82-84, 146.
Stepped pyramid:
temples with altar or shrine at summit, 111;
in Jacob’s dream at Bethel, 112;
of Meydoom in Egypt, 126 f.;
reference to, 144;
as place of worship, 148.
Stepping over:
blood on threshold, 4 f., 26, 45 f.;
salt on threshold, 5;
threshold to insure protection of guardian deity, 12;
girdle in marriage among Greeks, 30;
threshold, a bride having care to, 36;
threshold to prove innocence from crime among Hindoos, 121 f.
Stillborn children buried under threshold in Russia, 18.
_Stoicheionein_, Greek term for foundation ceremony, 53 f.
Stone:
sacrificial, laid on summit of Mexican temple, 56;
posts most ancient remains of primitive man’s handiwork, 102;
pillars marking boundaries of states or nations, 177;
upright, significance of, 258.
“Stone, Coronation,” in Westminster Abbey, 268.
“Stone of desire” at Baveddeen, 125.
Stove, Russian household deity located near, 23.
Strack, Dr. H.L.: cited, 20, 46, 93.
Straw cure for disorder in North Germany, 18.
Strean, Dr., quotation from, 21.
Stuart, Villiers: cited, 179.
“Sublime Porte:”
high court of Turkey called, 65;
meaning of, 103.
Suez Canal, reference to, 180.
Sultan:
justice administered at gate by, 65;
as spiritual father of faithful Muhammadans, 103.
Sultan Muhammad II., bloody hand of, stamped on mosk, 77.
Sun disk, winged, over doors of temples in Egypt, 127.
Sun-god Shamash:
and his worshipers with uplifted hands, 80 f.;
gates open to allow of daily circuits of, 105.
Sun-orb, winged, with serpent, 234.
Sunday School Times, The, references to, 260 f.
Survivals of threshold covenant in America and Europe, 3, 8, 13, 221.
Susa, king rendering justice at palace gate of, 60.
Swedish tradition of burial of lamb under altar, 56.
Symbol:
of feminine in nature, tree or bush, 214;
misusing, results of, 229;
of evil in religions of Babylonia, Egypt, India, Phenicia, Greece,
Mexico, and Peru, 235;
of virginity, 243 f.
Symbols:
buried under foundation-stone, 109;
and legends concerning boundary lines, 171 f.
Syria:
sacrifices on threshold in, 3-5;
treading on threshold in, 10;
reference to, 11;
stepping over sacrifice at threshold in, 26;
bride carried across threshold in, 38, 45;
name for sign of hand among Christians in, 77;
kissing threshold in, 129;
nuptial customs of, 196, 246;
marriage certificate in, 245;
sacredness of threshold, 259 f.
Syrian:
derwishes, threshold custom of, 10;
officer’s welcome at threshold, 11;
testimony of native, 59.

Tablets, ancestral, of China, 108.
Tahiti, primitive threshold in, 250.
Tai Shan, reference to, 158.
Talisman, open hand as, in Europe, Africa, and America, 79.
Tallquist’s rendering of Assyrian word, 83.
Talmud:
Jewish, references to, 93, 200, 208, 210 f., 239;
Babylonian, references to, 211, 253.
Tammuz of Syria, reference to, 115.
Tangier, reference to, 62.
Tañoans, reference to, 88.
Targum, reference to, 117.
Tatars:
treading on threshold among, 13;
importance of threshold among, 39.
Teheran, Shah of Persia entering, 189.
Tell el-Hesy, ram’s horn on doorway in, 58.
Tello, sanctity of doorway in, 108 f.
Temple:
waters of life flowing from under threshold of, 114;
doorway oldest form of, in Egypt, 126;
at Carthage, prominence of threshold in, 130;
in Greece, 134;
earliest form of, in Mexico, Central and South America, 144;
building in Babylonia, 153;
of Thor, in Iceland, 160;
at Jerusalem, site of, 161;
earliest forms of, 229.
Temples:
preceded by houses, 3;
images under threshold of, 14;
as dwelling for deity, 99;
called “great house of the village” in Samoa, 101;
in form of stepped pyramid in Babylonia, Mesopotamia, Egypt, Mexico,
Central America, Peru, and South Sea Islands, 111;
in Jacob’s dream, 112;
in Carthage, 130;
Egyptian, history of, 155;
as boundaries, 178.
Temptation, first, and symbol of tree and serpent, 237.
Tennasserin, survival of foundation-laying in blood in, 51 f.
Tent:
fire at entrance of, 22 f.;
laying hold of, as appeal for hospitality in East, 57;
stamped with red hand among American Indians, 83.
“Teraphim” connected with threshold, 109.
Terence: cited, 30.
Terminalia, festival of, 173.
Terminus: god, represented by pillar, 171-173.
Tertullian: his warning against deities at doors and gates, 97 f.
Teutonic thresholds made high, 12.
Thang, emperor of China, 157.
Thapsacus, equivalent of Tiphsakh, 210.
Thâvesar, temple of Siva at, 157.
Theban rite, kissing ground at threshold of shrine in, 128.
Thebes:
temple of “Silver Threshold” at, 127;
symbols on temples of ancient, 234.
Theocritus: cited, 73.
Theseus setting up pillar, 180 f.
Thief and robber, reference to word, 260.
Thieving goldsmith struck dead at threshold, 122.
Thomson, Dr. W.M.: cited, 70, 222.
Thompson, President Robert Ellis: cited, 176.
Thor, temple of, in Iceland, 160.
Thorolf, reference to, 160.
Thousand and One Nights, reference to, 248.
Thuringian legend of burying child in foundation, 49.
_Thyra_, a translation of _saph_, 207.
Tiamat, reference to, 235.
Tiba, female god of Maui, 150.
Tibet:
disemboweling of devotee in, 125;
Booddhist prayer in, 199.
Tiglath-Pileser I. and boundary lines, 177.
Tigris, sources of, boundary marks at, 178.
Tiki, descendant of Rongo, 152.
Times, The, London, reference to, 61 f.
Timsah, Lake, reference to, 180.
_Tiphsakh_, meaning of, 210.
Tokens:
covenant, 66-74;
of virginity, 243 f.
Tomb:
false door of, in Old Empire of Egypt, 106 f.;
of kings of Persia, inscription relating to sacredness of gate in,
124;
of Alee, kissing threshold of, 124;
of Baha-ed-deen Nakishbend, threshold stone of, 124 f.;
closed door in, representing deceased going to Osiris, 128.
Torch, marriage, origin of, 226.
Touching name of God with finger by Jews, 69 f.
Towkas, marriage custom at threshold among, 35.
Treading on threshold forbidden:
in Persia, Russia, Finland, United States, and among Teutons, 11 f.;
in Europe and America, 13;
tabooed by Tatars, 13.
Tree:
human sacrifices at foot of, 8 f.;
pipal, in Upper India, 156;
a boundary landmark in primitive times, 173 f.;
symbol of feminine in nature, 214, 230, 238;
and pillar, symbolism of, 232;
references to, 237, 259.
“Tree of Knowledge,” reference to, 156.
Trees, sacred:
near doorways in China, Japan, Korea, Siam, and India, 104, 156;
grove of, in religious symbolisms, 230.
Tricha, bridge of, story of sacrifice in building of, 52.
Tristram, H.B.: cited, 260.
Trumbull, H. Clay: cited, 3-5, 57, 123, 180, 226, 244.
_Tseereem_, Hebrew word for hinges, 253.
Tunis:
bloody hand on walls in, 78 f.;
symbol of open hand on graves near, 79;
Jewish custom in, on receiving praise, 79.
Turkestan, threshold stone at tomb of national saint of, 125.
Turkey, sacrifice of, in Ireland, 21.
Turkey:
blood on threshold in marriage in, 26;
marriage custom among Greeks in, 30;
high court of, at palace door, 65;
banners and prayer-rugs inscribed with open hand in, 78.
Turkish building at Columbian Exposition, sacrifices at foundation of,
57.
Turner, Dr. George: cited, 13, 20, 101, 174, 251 f.
Tuscany:
threshold in folk customs in, 17 f.;
exorcism with incense in, 18;
burning incense on threshold in, 42.
Tutelary deity, every building in Egypt placed under protection of, 96
f.
Tylor, Dr. E.B.: cited, 46, 49, 51 f., 231.

Uganda, charms on threshold and door in, 15.
Unchastity atoned for by sprinkling blood on threshold among Dyaks,
20.
_Ungere_, Latin for “to anoint,29 #$2#.
United States:
“Christening” a ship in, 8;
high thresholds in houses of, 12;
stepping over cracks in pavements in, 13;
Bible and salt carried over threshold in, 21;
lifting bride over threshold in, 44;
situation of front door in, 55;
foundation sacrifice in, 57;
horseshoes on door-posts in, 73 f.;
survivals of primal sacredness of threshold in, 147 f.;
boundary marks in, 182;
sacredness of threshold among Scandinavians of, 259.
Unleavened bread, feast of, 216.
_Unxor_, meaning of Latin word, 29.
Uplifted hand:
in Carthage, 78;
in Tunis, 78 f.;
represented among deities of Babylonia, Assyria, Phenicia, and
Egypt, 79 f.;
in seal of Ur-Gur, earliest ruler of “Ur of the Chaldees,” 80;
gods Sin, Shamash, and Asshur, with, 80;
Babylonian king recognized by, 80;
Amenophis IV. before Aten-ra with, 81;
Abraham with, 82;
Psalmist’s reference to, 82;
Isaiah’s reference to God’s, 82;
Assyrian and Hebrew words for swearing by, 83;
in judicial oath, 83;
found on stepped pyramid temples of Polynesia, 83;
power imparted to Egyptian king by touch of, 85;
in South Sea Islands, 148.
Uplifted threshold, 144.
Upsal, wedding customs in old temple of, 140.
“Ur of the Chaldees:”
uplifted hand in seal of earliest ruler of, 80;
temple at, 153;
Abraham at, 160.
Ur-Gur, with uplifted hands before moon-god Sin, 80.
Usurtasen III., King: cited, 179.
_Uxor_, meaning of Latin word, 29.

Vairorongo, sacred stream of under-world, in Islands of Sea, 152.
Vambéry, Arminius: cited, 125.
Vari, or “The-very-beginning,” in Islands of Sea, 151.
Vātea, part man and part fish, in Islands of Sea, 152.
Vatican, bronze pine cone in gardens of, 257.
Vāttu, god of threshold in India, 75.
Vāttuma, god of threshold in India, 95.
_Vāttuma Santhe_, tribute to, god of threshold in India, 95.
Vaux, J. Edward: cited, 140.
Vedas, references to, 99, 197.
Vedi, feminine in Sanskrit, 197.
Vedic:
law of door-sill, 15;
Sutras on stepping over threshold, 36 f.;
teachings concerning temples, 155 f.
Vermilion paint for sign of red hand among Omahas, 85.
Verrall, Margaret de G. See _Harrison and Verrall_.
Victor in Olympian games avoiding city gates, 7.
Virgil:
cited, 29 f.;
his description of arrival of Æneas at court of Queen Dido, 130.
“Virgin Mary’s Hand” among Christians in Syria, 77.
“Virgin of Israel,” 213, 218.
Virginity:
tokens of, 243 f.;
Bible testimony of tokens of, 251.
Vishnoo, god:
reference to, 95;
pagoda of, reference to, 121;
foot of, 156;
seated on serpent, 235.
Vishnooism, concerning temples, 156.
“Vishnu-pad,” reference to, 156.
Vitruvius: his description of temple, 36.
Vlachs, indication of foundation sacrifice in ballad of, 52.
_Vlam_, name for “friend of the bridegroom” among Albanians, 37 f.
“Vodyaoni,” sacrifice to, in Russia, 19.
Volck. See _Mülhau and Volck_.
Volga, altar as threshold among people on, 32.
Voltaire: cited, 202.
Von Löher and Joyner: reference to, 231.
Vulgate: reference to, 207.

Wake, C. Staniland. See _Westropp and Wake_.
Wallace, Donald M.: reference to, 176.
Wallachia, story of foundation sacrifice in, 52.
Wallachians, marriage rite among, 29.
Washburn, President, of Robert College: cited, 66 f.
Water:
and corn offered on threshold, 16 f.;
and honey for bride at threshold, 30;
poured out in pathway of bridegroom among Greeks of Turkey, 30;
of life underneath threshold, in legend of Ishtar, 114;
in temple at Jerusalem, 114;
holy, at doorway of Roman Catholic churches, 147.
Water-spirit, appeasing, in Russia, 19.
Weber’s _Die Lehren d. Talmud_, reference to, 239.
Wedding ceremonies:
among ʾAnazeh Bed´ween, and Armenians in Turkey, 26;
in Syria, 26, 28 f., 38, 196;
in Egypt, 26, 38, 196;
in Cyprus, 27;
among Somalis in Central Africa, 27 f.;
in South Africa, 28;
among fellaheen of Palestine, and Wallachians, 29;
among Greeks of Turkey, and in Morea, 30;
in Rhodes, 30 f.;
in island of Skarpanto and among Morlacchi, in Dalmatia, 31;
in portions of Russia, 31 f.;
among Mordvins of Russia, 32 f., 41-44;
in Holland, 33;
in Germany, 33 f., 138 f.;
among Sea Dyaks of Borneo, 34;
in Central America, 34 f., 45;
in Scotland, 34, 44;
among Towkas, 35;
among Hindoos, 36-38, 40 f.;
among Albanians, 37 f.;
in India, 38, 40 f.;
in Madagascar, 38;
in Abyssinia, 38 f., 131;
among tribes of West Africa, in ancient Assyria, among Khonds of
Orissa, among Tatars, and among Eskimos, 39;
in ancient Rome, 39-41;
in China, 39-41, 196;
in ancient Greece, 39, 41;
in England, 44, 139-142;
in Ireland, 44, 142;
in United States, 44, 147 f.;
in France, 139;
in Sweden, 140 f.;
in Dahomey, Liberia, in various parts of Europe, and in Samoa, 196;
among Muhammadans, 247;
among Christians at Haleb, 248;
in Darfour, 249;
in Samoa, 251.
Wedding:
sacrifice in Cyprus, 27;
threshold custom in Skarpanto, 31;
in Russia, 31 f.;
threshold or hearthstone covenant at, 226.
Weeping worship of Tammuz, 115.
_Wely_, a saint’s tomb, as place of worship in Egypt, 129.
Westropp and Wake: cited, 230.
White hand among American Indians, 90.
Wife:
word for, among Latins, 29;
and threshold in Arabic, 200, 256;
brush-topped pole, symbol of, 214.
Wilkins, W.J.G.: cited, 198, 235 f.
Wilkinson, Sir J.G.:
quotation from, 68 f.;
cited, 81, 96 f., 100, 106, 127 f., 201, 234 f.
Williams, S. Wells: cited, 40, 71, 96, 108, 158.
Williams, Talcott, quotation from, 62 f.
Window:
coffin passed out of, to avoid threshold, in Europe and America, 25;
opened and door closed at death in Europe and America, 25.
Winged sun disk:
over doors of temples in Egypt, 127;
and serpent in Egypt, 234.
Winnebagoes, prominence of hand among, 84.
Winter, feast at close of, among Slavonic peoples, 19.
Wisconsin, sacredness of threshold among Scandinavians in, 259.
Witham in Essex, marriage custom at, 140.
“Witness Heap” of covenant between Jacob and Laban, 171.
Woman:
buried in foundation of bridge of Arta, 52;
four ages of, symbolized among American Indians, 89 f.;
recognized as primitive altar, 197;
form of, pattern of altar form, 197;
and door in Hebrew Scriptures, 253;
in Arabic and German, 256.
Wood, Edward J.:
cited, 31, 44, 131, 138, 140-142;
quotation from, 139.
Wood-apple as witness of marriage, 259.
Woolwas, betrothal custom at threshold among, 34.
Worms, door of synagogue in, 144.
Worship:
at door in Egypt, 127 f.;
covenant, spirit of all true, 221;
origin of rites of, 226;
phallic, perversion of purer idea, 230;
Hindoo, mode of, 236;
of serpent in Bangalore, 258 f.
Wright, Julia McNair: cited, 24.

Ximenez, Francisco, missionary: cited, 73, 98.

Yama as first man and first priest in India, 99.
Yarriba, survival of foundation-laying in blood in, 51 f.
Yawning on threshold unpropitious, 11.
Yeha, monoliths in front of temple at, 131.
Yemen, marriage ceremonies in, 248.
Yezidis:
kissing doorway of temple among, 116;
reference to, 190.
_Yoni_, doorway of physical life, 198.
Yü, Chinese for threshold, 256.
Yucatan, doorways inscribed with red hand in, 81 f.
Yuhlui, tutelar god of threshold in China, 95 f.

Zabû, King, reference to, 154.
Zamzam, sacred spring at Meccah, 163.
_Zariru_, Babylonian gate plated with metal called, 111.
Zedekiah, king of Judah, sitting in gate of Benjamin, 64.
Zephaniah:
his curse on Assyria, and his reference to “drought in thresholds,”
115;
foretelling punishment on those that leap over threshold, 117.
Zeus:
House of, on Olympus, 132;
reference to, concerning boundary lines, 171;
image of, as boundary landmark, 172.
Ziggurat, early form of temple, 229.
Zindero, bloody threshold offering in, 8 f.
Zinga, boundaries in, 174.
Zion, laying foundation stone in, 162.
Zuñi Indians, red hand among, 91.

SCRIPTURAL INDEX.

GENESIS.

TEXT PAGE
2 : 8–10 115
2 : 25 239
3 : 1–13, 16 238
3 : 14, 15, 22–24 239
4 : 1, 17, 25 238
11 : 1–9 103
11 : 28 153
11 : 31 80
12 : 1–8 160
13 : 1–3 160
14 : 22 82
15 : 1–6 187, 211, 266
15 : 8–16, 20, 21 187, 211, 266
15 : 7 80, 187, 211, 266
15 : 17–19 187, 211, 244, 266
18 : 1–9 101
19 : 1–25 211
21 : 22–24 170, 244
21 : 25–33 170
22 : 1–13 161
22 : 17 65
25 : 17–19 244
28 : 10–22 112, 160
28 : 36 238
30 : 2 238
30 : 22 253
31 : 43–53 171
49 : 8–17 85

EXODUS.

2 : 23–25 205
3 : 1–6, 11, 12 161
3 : 7–10 161, 205
3 : 19 83
4 : 25, 26 244
5 : 1, 2 205
6 : 1–7 205
6 : 8 82
10 : 21, 29 205
11 : 4–7 206
12 : 1, 2 204, 212
12 : 3–21, 27 204
12 : 22 205, 214
12 : 23 206
13 : 3, 14, 16 83
21 : 2–4 210
21 : 5, 6 65, 210
22 : 2 260
23 : 8–10 119
26 : 1–14 101
29 : 4, 10–12 119
32 : 11 83
32 : 26 63
34 : 12–15 213, 214, 233
34 : 16 213, 214
39 : 32 101
40 : 6, 29 119

LEVITICUS.

1 : 3, 5 119
3 : 2 119
4 : 4, 7 119
8 : 1–36 119
9 : 1, 2 212
12 : 6 119
14 : 11, 23 119
15 : 14, 29 119
16 : 7 119
17 : 2–6, 8, 9 119
17 : 7 119, 213
19 : 21 119
20 : 5–8 213
23 : 5 212

NUMBERS.