Chapter II: Introduction: iii

PART I.

_GENERALITIES REGARDING TOXINS AND ANTITOXINS._

CHAPTER I.

ALKALOIDAL TOXINS, PTOMAINES, AND LEUCOMAINES.

Alkaloidal products of cellular life 1 Ptomaines 4 Physiological action 5 Extraction 5 Classification, etc. 7 Leucomaines 10 Xanthic leucomaines 12 Creatinic leucomaines 13 Neurinic leucomaines 13 Indeterminate leucomaines 14

CHAPTER II.

TOXINS AND ANTITOXINS.

Toxins 15 Action of pathogenic bacteria 16 Action of toxins 17 Nature of toxins 18 Origin of toxins 20 Autointoxications 21 General mode of action 23 Constitution of toxins; Ehrlich's theory 24 Means of defense possessed by the organism against the action of toxins 28 Pasteur's vaccination method 30 Virus action 30 Phagocytosis 32 Antitoxins 33 Mode of action 35 Formation; Ehrlich's theory 38 Serotherapy 41

PART II.

_THE TOXINS PROPER._

CHAPTER III.

I. VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL TOXINS. 42 Abrin 42 Ricin 44 Robin 45 Toxicity of the vegetable diastases 45

II. TOXINS FROM MUSHROOMS 46 Phalline 48 Symptomatology 49 Antidiastases 51

III. ANIMAL TOXINS 53 Peptotoxin 53 Alimentary Intoxications 55 Urinary toxins 57 Variation of urinary toxicity 59 Autointoxications (animal) 60 Glandular secretions 62 Suprarenal capsules 63

CHAPTER IV.

THE MICROBIAL TOXINS.

Pyogenic and pyretogenic properties 66 Anthrax toxin 67 Tubercular toxin 69 Diphtheria toxin 71 Tetanus toxin 76 Mallein 79 Typhoid toxin 80 Cholera toxin 82

CHAPTER V.

THE VENOMS.

General nature of venoms 85 Venomous serpents 87 Nature of serpent-venoms 88 Natural immunity towards serpent-venoms 90 Artificial immunity towards serpent venoms 91 Venoms of batrachians and saurians 92 Fish-poisons 95 Poisons of the hymenoptera 96 Poisons of scorpions 97 Poisonous blood and serums 98 Poisonous meats 100

TOXINS AND VENOMS.