Chapter I: Introduction: xv

Note on the ancient Ynca Drama xxix

Peruvian Love Story lv

Fragment of Chapter III 1

CHAP. IV.--Which treats of what the Indians of this kingdom say touching the state of things before the Incas were known, and how they had fortresses in the hills, whence they came forth to make war one with another 2

CHAP. V.--Touching what these natives say concerning the Ticiviracocha; of the opinion held by some that an Apostle passed through this land, and of the temple there is in Cáchan; also what happened there 5

CHAP. VI.--How certain men and women appeared in Pacarec Tampu, and what they relate touching their proceedings after they came forth from there 11

CHAP. VII.--How the brothers, being in Tampu-Quiru, beheld him whom they had shut up in the cave by deceit, come forth with wings; and how he told them that he went to found the great city of Cuzco; and how they departed from Tampu-Quiru 16

CHAP. VIII.--How Manco Capac, when he saw that his brothers had been turned into stones, went to a valley where he met some people; and how he founded and built the ancient and very rich city of Cuzco, which was the capital of the whole empire of the Incas 22

CHAP. IX.--In which notice is given to the reader of the reason that the author, leaving the account of the succession of the kings, prefers to explain the government of the people, their laws, and customs 24

CHAP. X.--How the lord, after he had assumed the fringe of sovereignty, was married to his sister the Coya, which is the name of the Queen, and how it was permitted that he should have many women, although among them all the Coya alone was the legitimate and principal wife 26

CHAP. XI.--How it was the custom among the Incas that they celebrated in their songs, and by making statues of those who were valorous and extended the bounds of the empire, and performed any other deed worthy of memory; while those who were negligent or cowardly received little notice 28

CHAP. XII.--How they had chroniclers to record their deeds, and of the QUIPOS, what they were, and what we see of them 32

CHAP. XIII.--How the lords of Peru were beloved on the one hand, and feared on the other, by all their subjects; and how no one, even a great lord of very ancient lineage, could come into the presence, except with a burden, in token of great obedience 36

CHAP. XIV.--How the riches possessed by the king were very great, and how the sons of the lord were ordered always to be in attendance at court 39

CHAP. XV.--How they built the edifices for the lords, and the royal road along which to travel over the kingdom 42

CHAP. XVI.--How and in what manner they made the royal hunts for the lords of Peru 45

CHAP. XVII.--Which treats of the order maintained by the Incas, and how in many parts they made the waste places fertile, by the arrangements they made for that purpose 47

CHAP. XVIII.--Which treats of the order they adopted in the payments of tribute by the provinces to the kings, and of the system by which the tribute was regulated 51

CHAP. XIX.--How the kings of Cuzco ordered that every year an account should be taken of all persons who died and were born throughout their dominions; also how all men worked, and how none could be poor by reason of the storehouses 57

CHAP. XX.--How governors were appointed to the provinces; and of the manner in which the kings visited their dominions, and how they bore, for their arms, certain waving serpents with sticks 59

CHAP. XXI.--How the posts of the kingdom were arranged 64

CHAP. XXII.--How the Mitimaes were established, and of the different kinds of them, and how they were highly esteemed by the Incas 67

CHAP. XXIII.--Of the great preparations that were made when the lords set out from Cuzco on warlike expeditions; and how robbers were punished 72

CHAP. XXIV.--How the Incas ordered the people to form settled towns, dividing the lands concerning which there was any dispute, and how it was ordered that all should speak the language of Cuzco 75

CHAP. XXV.--How the Incas were free from the abominable sin, and from other evil customs which have been seen to prevail in the world among other princes 78

CHAP. XXVI.--How the Incas employed councillors and executors of justice, and of their method of reckoning time 81

CHAP. XXVII.--Which treats of the riches of the temple of Curicancha, and of the veneration in which the Incas held it 83

CHAP. XXVIII.--Which treats of the other principal temples, and of their names 87

CHAP. XXIX.--How the Capacocha was made, and to what extent it was practised by the Incas; by which is to be understood the gifts and offerings that were made to idols 91

CHAP. XXX.--How they made great festivities and sacrifices at the grand and solemn feast called Hatun Raymi 94

CHAP. XXXI.--Of the second king or Inca who reigned in Cuzco, named Sinchi Roca 99

CHAP. XXXII.--Of the third king who reigned in Cuzco, named Lloque Yupanqui 102

CHAP. XXXIII.--Of the fourth king who reigned at Cuzco, named Mayta Capac, and of what happened during his reign 105

CHAP. XXXIV.--Of the fifth king who reigned at Cuzco, named Capac Yupanqui 107

CHAP. XXXV.--Of the sixth king who reigned in Cuzco, and of what happened in his time; and of the fable or history they relate touching the river that passes through the midst of the city of Cuzco 111

CHAP. XXXVI.--Of the seventh king or Inca who reigned in Cuzco, named Inca Yupanqui 115

CHAP. XXXVII.--How, when this Inca wanted to make war in the province of Collao, a certain disturbance arose in Cuzco; and how the Chancas conquered the Quichuas, and got possession of their dominions 117

CHAP. XXXVIII.--How the Orejones considered who should be Inca, and what passed until Viracocha Inca assumed the fringe, who was the eighth Inca that reigned 120

CHAP. XXXIX.--How Viracocha Inca threw a stone of fire with a sling at Caitomarca, and how they made reverence 124

CHAP. XL.--How a tyrant rose up in Cuzco, and of the disturbance he caused. Of the chastisement of certain Mamaconas for having, contrary to their religion, used their bodies uncleanly; and how Viracocha returned to Cuzco 127

CHAP. XLI.--How ambassadors from the tyrants of Collao came to Cuzco, and of the departure of Viracocha Inca for the Collao 130

CHAP. XLII.--How Viracocha Inca passed by the province of the Canches and Canas, and marched until he entered the territory of the Collao, and of what happened between Cari and Zapana 133

CHAP. XLIII.--How Cari returned to Chucuito; of the arrival of the Inca Viracocha; and of the peace that was agreed to between them 136

CHAP. XLIV.--How Inca Urco was received as supreme ruler of the whole empire, and assumed the crown at Cuzco, and how the Chancas determined to come forth and make war on those of Cuzco 138

CHAP. XLV.--How the Chancas arrived at the city of Cuzco and pitched their camp there, and of the terror of the inhabitants, and the great valour of Inca Yupanqui 141

CHAP. XLVI.--How Inca Yupanqui was received as king, the name of Inca being taken from Inca Urco; and how the new sovereign made a peace with Hastu Huaraca 144

CHAP. XLVII.--How Inca Yupanqui set out from Cuzco, leaving Lloque Yupanqui as Governor, and of what happened 147

CHAP. XLVIII.--How the Inca returned to Vilcas, and besieged the rocky fastness where the enemy had taken refuge 150

CHAP. XLIX.--How Inca Yupanqui ordered Lloque Yupanqui to proceed to the valley of Xauxa, and to bring under his dominion the Huancas and the Yauyos, their neighbours, with other nations in that direction 153

CHAP. L.--How the captains of the Inca left Xauxa, and what happened; and how Ancoallo departed from among them 156

CHAP. LI.--How the Royal House of the Sun was founded on a hill overlooking Cuzco towards the north, which the Spaniards usually call the Fortress; and its wonderful construction, and the size of the stones that are to be seen there 160

CHAP. LII.--How Inca Yupanqui set out from Cuzco and marched to the Collao, and of what happened there 165

CHAP. LIII.--How Inca Yupanqui set out from Cuzco, and what he did 168

CHAP. LIV.--How the Inca Yupanqui, having grown very old, resigned the government of the kingdom to Tupac Inca, his son 171

CHAP. LV.--How the Collas asked for peace, and how the Inca granted it and returned to Cuzco 174

CHAP. LVI.--How Tupac Inca Yupanqui set out from Cuzco, and how he conquered all the country from thence to Quito; and touching his great deeds 177

CHAP. LVII.--How the Inca sent from Quito to know whether his commands had been obeyed, and how, leaving that province in good order, he set out to go to the valleys of the Yuncas 182

CHAP. LVIII.--How Tupac Inca Yupanqui marched by the coast valleys, and how all the Yuncas came under his dominion 185

CHAP. LIX.--How Tupac Inca again set out from Cuzco, and of the fierce war he waged with those of Huarco; and how, after he had conquered them, he returned to Cuzco 189

CHAP. LX.--How Tupac Inca once more set out from Cuzco, and how he went to the Collao and from thence to Chile, subjugating the nations in that direction; and of his death 194

CHAP. LXI.--How Huayna Capac reigned in Cuzco, who was the twelfth King Inca 197

CHAP. LXII.--How Huayna Capac departed from Cuzco, and what he did 199

CHAP. LXIII.--How Huayna Capac again ordered that an army should be assembled, and how he set out for Quito 204

CHAP. LXIV.--How Huayna Capac entered the country of the Bracamoros, and returned flying, and of the other events that happened until he arrived at Quito 208

CHAP. LXV.--How Huayna Capac marched through the coast valleys, and what he did 211

CHAP. LXVI.--How, when Huayna Capac was about to march from Quito, he sent forward certain of his captains, who returned flying before the enemy, and what he did in consequence 214

CHAP. LXVII.--How Huayna Capac assembled all his power, gave battle to his enemies, and defeated them: and of the great cruelty with which he treated them 217

CHAP. LXVIII.--How the King Huayna Capac returned to Quito; and how he knew of the arrival of the Spaniards on the coast; and of his death 220

CHAP. LXIX.--Of the lineage and character of Huascar and Atahualpa 224

CHAP. LXX.--How Huascar was acknowledged as king in Cuzco, after the death of his father 226

CHAP. LXXI.--How the differences between Huascar and Atahualpa began, and how great battles were fought between them 229

CHAP. LXXII.--How Atahualpa set out from Quito with his army and captains, and how he gave battle to Atoc in the villages of Ambato 231

CHAP. LXXIII.--How Huascar sent new captains and troops against his enemy; and how Atahualpa arrived at Tumebamba, where he perpetrated great cruelties; also what happened between him and the captains of Huascar 233

INDEX.

Names of Places and Tribes 237

Quichua words 240

Names of Indians and Gods 242

Names of Spaniards 244

General Index 245

[In the Index, “i” refers to the volume containing the First Part of the Chronicle of Cieza de Leon; and “ii”, to the present volume.]

DEDICATION.

TO

ANDRES AVELINO CACERES

(_General of Brigade in the Peruvian Army_),

And to his gallant companions in arms, now heroically defending their native country against fearful odds, I dedicate this edition of the narrative of that scholarly soldier, Pedro de Cieza de Leon, who warmly sympathised with the people of the land of the Yncas, advocated their cause, and denounced their wrongs.

The natives of the valley of Xauxa, descendants of the Huancas mentioned by Cieza de Leon, have suffered most cruelly from the inroads of the Chilian soldiery, and on this classic ground the brave Caceres and his little army have striven to protect these people from robbery and outrage. Cieza de Leon mentions a fact relating to the Huancas of the Xauxa valley, which gives us a high estimate of their civilization. The cruelties and robberies of the Spanish conquerors, whose deeds are now outdone by their Chilian imitators, would have led to the complete destruction of the natives if it had not been for the excellent order and concert of their polity. They made an agreement among themselves that if an army of Spaniards passed through any of their districts, and did such damage as would be caused by the destruction of growing crops, by the sacking of houses, and other mischief of still worse kinds, the accountants should keep careful records of the injury done. The accounts were then examined and checked; and if one district had lost more than another, those which had suffered less made up part of the difference; so that the burden was shared equally by all.[1]

It is among the descendants of these Huancas that the Chilians are now committing havoc. With the Peruvians, with the men who are fighting in the noblest of all causes--the defence of their Fatherland--with General Caceres and his companions in arms, must be the hearty sympathies and best wishes of all who hate wrong and love patriotic devotion. Through that devotion, through the sacrifices and self-denials entailed upon the unfortunate people of the land of the Yncas, may be seen those rays of light which break the black cloud now hanging over the country and the race described by Cieza de Leon in the following pages.

May his narrative excite the interest of many readers, and so enlist sympathy for the descendants of that people whose story he tells so well.

_June 1883._