Chapter V: In Search of Signatures (3)

Such is Major Bunbury's own account of his historic meeting with this singular native, whom he left upon his lonely island in the midst of a windy strait struggling between his native barbarism and an inarticulate craving for civilisation. On the 13th the _Herald_ reached the Otago Heads, but so late in the evening that there was only time to obtain the signatures of two chiefs who resided near the entrance of the harbour.[140] Taiaroa was absent at Moeraki, and his son was so far inaccessible that the limits of daylight would not permit of his being reached. The boat, therefore, returned to the ship, and on June 16 she dropped anchor in Cloudy Bay, then the most important centre of European activity in the South Island.

Seven whalers were lying at anchor when the _Herald_ arrived, and the strange admixture of humanity--the venturesome, quarrelsome, quasi-criminal collection--which went to make up a whaling community was forcibly impressed upon Major Bunbury when he landed at Guard's Cove in the evening. The only chief of importance whom he met was old Nohorua, the elder brother of Te Rauparaha, who had with him three younger men, his nephews. Their reception of the Major was cordial enough, but when the subject of the treaty was broached to them they resolutely declined to attach their signatures to it, or to countenance it in any way. This attitude was adopted under the distinct impression that if they signed the document their lands would be taken from them, and considering that their only experience of deeds had been with the Sydney land sharks[141] the reservation was, to put it mildly, a natural one.

Not having been successful in securing the immediate concurrence of Nohorua, Major Bunbury left him in the hope that he would fulfil his reluctant promise to visit the ship on the following day, by which time he would have had the opportunity--dear to every Maori--of holding a _korero_ upon the novel suggestion. Early next morning the Major, Mr. Williams, and Captain Stewart set off for one of the neighbouring coves, and here they met with greater success, the chiefs signing without any hesitation when the principles of the treaty had been explained to them. Amongst the various natives whom they encountered was a young chief whom Major Bunbury has called Maui Pu, who, having visited Hobart Town in the warship _Conway_, had sufficient command of English to converse freely with the Europeans. His sympathies were at once enlisted in support of the treaty, and when the difficulties met with at Guard's Cove were mentioned he expressed no surprise, as the natives had no conception of a deed that did not mean the sacrifice of their land. He, however, offered to go with them and assist at the second interview with Nohorua, and so adroitly did he explain the purport of the second Article that the old chief's objections were at length so far overcome that he agreed to sign provided his signature was witnessed by his European son-in-law, Joseph Toms,[142] a whaler who had interests both here and at Porirua.

Though there is no definite information on the point, it is probable that Toms had added his persuasion to those of Maui Pu, as Nohorua's reason for insisting upon the above stipulation discloses the justice of his mind and his desire to fix the responsibility beyond any chance of evasion: "If my grandchildren lose their land, their father must share the blame." The three younger men having no son-in-law on whom to shift the responsibility still postponed the important step until they were aboard the ship.

On returning to the _Herald_ there was a considerable gathering of chiefs awaiting the treaty party, and with the exception of Nohorua's nephews all expressed their willingness to subscribe to the terms of the compact. Not so these young gentlemen, who still held aloof. For their reservation, however, the wife of one of them was anxious to compensate, by demanding the privilege of signing the treaty. She claimed to be the daughter of the great Te Pehi, who was caught in his own trap at Kaiapoi in 1829, and when Major Bunbury politely but firmly declined to permit her the honour, she gave way to a fit of anger, and in a torrent of invective expressed her opinions concerning the _Pakeha_ in general, and Major Bunbury in particular, with a freedom that would have been painful had all her observations been clearly understood.

As an evidence of the persistency with which these people had been harassed about their lands, and the jealousy with which they sought to preserve this class of property, it was noted that they all firmly declined to receive the presents[143] which it had now become customary to offer, lest by some quibble it might be construed into a payment for its surrender, and in this attitude they persisted until they had been repeatedly assured to the contrary.

The Rev. Henry Williams having visited Queen Charlotte Sound during the course of his Southern Mission and secured the signatures of the chiefs there, Cloudy Bay thus became the last port in the Middle Island at which the _Herald_ could profitably call. Under these circumstances Major Bunbury consulted with Captain Nias, and they were agreed that it would be advisable to at once proclaim the Queen's authority over the Island as the most effectual means of preventing further dissensions amongst the natives and Europeans.

This resolution was not hurriedly arrived at, for although many important signatures had now been obtained the whole position was so hedged about with intricately interwoven interests that Major Bunbury felt it was something akin to cutting the Gordian knot to take the contemplated step without further consulting the Lieutenant-Governor. Yet view the matter as he would, there appeared no simpler way, for there was every reason to believe that delay would only breed new difficulties, by suspending the establishment of political authority, and by affording other powers time to develop their embryonic claims. The presence, too, of so many vessels at anchor in the harbour seemed to lend opportunity to the occasion, for with their co-operation it was possible to render the declaration of Her Majesty's sovereignty more solemn and imposing, and where it was desired to impress the native mind Major Bunbury realised the advantage of pressing to his service the assistance of this additional theatrical touch.

The decision come to by the Major and Captain Nias was conveyed to the natives while they were still on board, and whether or not they were seized of all that the ceremony involved, they entered with considerable enthusiasm into the spirit of the occasion.

In order to invest the intended declaration with becoming dignity the marines were landed on the little island on which was situated the Horahora-Kakahu _pa_. There a temporary flagstaff was erected and standing at the foot of it at 2 P.M. Major Bunbury read to the assembled people the following Declaration of Sovereignty.

DECLARATION OF SOVEREIGNTY OVER TAVAI POENAMMOO (TE WAI-POUNAMU)

This Island called Tavai Poenammoo (Te Wai-Pounamu), or Middle Island of New Zealand, situate between the meridian 166° and 174° 30' east of Greenwich, and 40° 30' and 46° 30' south parallel, with all the Bays, Rivers, Harbours, Creeks, etc., in and on the Islands lying off, having been ceded in Sovereignty by the several independent native chiefs to Her Most Gracious Majesty Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the said Island was accordingly taken possession of and formally proclaimed, and Her Majesty's colours hoisted at the _pa_ of Hoikaka (Horahora-Kakahu), Cloudy Bay, under a salute of 21 guns on the 17th day of June 1840, by Captain Joseph Nias, commanding Her Majesty's ship _Herald_, and by Major Thomas Bunbury, K.T.S., 80th Regiment, who were commissioned for that purpose.

Done in the presence of us:--

Peter Fisher, Lieutenant, H.M.S. _Herald_; P. L. D. Bean, Master, H.M.S. _Herald_; C. J. Parker, Acting Master, H.M.S. _Beagle_; J. H. Shairp, Mate, H.M.S. _Herald_; Thomas Frazer, Surgeon, H.M.S. _Herald_; James Giles, Purser, H.M.S. _Herald_; C. Hewitt, 1st Lieutenant Marines, H.M.S. _Herald_; F. H. Niblett, 2nd Master, H.M.S. _Herald_; G. F. Munro, Assistant Surgeon, H.M.S. _Herald_; Edmund Webber, Midshipman, H.M.S. _Herald_; John B. Catoo, Midshipman, H.M.S. _Herald_; H. R. Crofton, Midshipman, H.M.S. _Herald_; H. W. Comber, Midshipman, H.M.S. _Herald_; Frederick S. Grey, Volunteer, H.M.S. _Herald_; William Kelly, Gunner, H.M.S. _Herald_; John Caseley, Boatswain, H.M.S. _Herald_; J. Chappels, Carpenter, H.M.S. _Herald_.

_Witnesses to Signatures._--Joseph Nias, Captain, H.M.S. _Herald_, Thomas Bunbury, Major, 80th Regiment, charged with diplomatic Mission; Edward Marsh Williams, Interpreter.

The reading of the Proclamation done, the Union Jack was run up by Captain Nias, and the guns of the _Herald_ began to boom forth the Royal Salute. The yards of the frigate were manned, and the cheers of those grouped round the flagstaff were answered by those on board the man-of-war, the echoes from the surrounding hills being reinforced by the approving shouts of the natives.

The all-important step having now been taken and received with local approbation, the _Herald_ weighed anchor and sailed for Kapiti[144]. Two days later (June 19), she arrived under the shadow of Te Rauparaha's home. By a fortunate circumstance the great chief, whom Major Bunbury had special instructions to see, was at that moment entering his canoe, preparatory to making an excursion to the Island of Mana. As the _Herald's_ boat was proceeding to the shore the Queen's Commissioner and the chief met mid way, the meeting being of the most cordial nature. Te Rauparaha left his own canoe "in lordly decoration the lordliest far," and returned on board with Major Bunbury in the ship's boat. Here the proceedings of the Rev. Henry Williams were related by the chiefs--how he had explained the treaty, obtained Te Rauparaha's signature, and presented him with the much-prized blanket.

On enquiry being made by Major Bunbury for Te Rangihaeata and Te Hiko, he was informed that both these warriors were at Mana. As this Island lay directly in the route to Port Nicholson, the _Herald_ was put about and her course shaped towards the south. Under a fresh wind the vessel was soon abreast of Mana. The chief and Mr. Williams accompanied Major Bunbury on shore, where they found Te Rangihaeata but Te Hiko was absent on an expedition to the mainland.

No record appears to have been preserved of the negotiations which followed between the representative of the Crown and the two leaders of the Ngati-Toa tribe. Major Bunbury contents himself with informing us that "the chief Rangihaeata, after some time, returned with us on board, accompanied by Rauparaha, when both signed the treaty."

The importance of their discussion is, however, somewhat diminished by the fact that the elder chief had already signed the treaty under the persuasions of the Rev. Henry Williams, but their questions, which were certain to have been shrewd and searching, would have been interesting as revealing their mental attitude towards the proposed innovation. There is a widespread impression, founded upon equally widespread prejudice, that both men were thoroughly insincere[145] when they subscribed to the terms of the treaty, and this view is encouraged by the fact that at this time they stood less in need of British protection than any other chiefs of the native race. They were indeed masters of all the territory they claimed. Their immediate enemies had been defeated and crushed, their powerful foes were far distant. There was a gun in the hand of their every warrior, and solidarity in the ranks of their every _hapu_. So situated they had less to gain by ceding their sovereign rights than others had. Neither is it to be supposed that the advantages of their position were not apparent to themselves, for with their gifts of military command, they combined a state-craft that was of quite an exceptional order. If political considerations entered into the transaction at all, it is more than likely that a presentiment of impending trouble with the New Zealand Company was the governing influence in securing their adherence to the policy of the Crown, and in the light of subsequent events their fears were not unfounded--their foresight was almost prophetic.

While on shore at Mana, the protection of Major Bunbury was solicited by a section of the whaling population against the alleged encroachments of the Maori chiefs in general and Te Rangihaeata in particular. Though clamorous for justice, they were unable to formulate any specific charges against the chief; and after such investigation as was possible under the circumstances, the Major came to the conclusion that the accusers were a set of "drunken, lawless vagabonds," and that so far from their having any just grounds of complaint against Te Rangihaeata, the chief in all probability would have more reason to feel aggrieved towards them.

The _Herald's_ course was now directed to Port Nicholson, and arriving there next day (20th) she anchored inside the Heads, the wind and tide having failed her at a critical moment. Major Bunbury at once left the ship and pulled towards the Thorndon beach, where much to his surprise on landing, he met Mr. Shortland. The presence of Lieutenant Shortland at Port Nicholson at this juncture requires some explanation. Shortly after the departure of Major Bunbury from the Bay of Islands, copies of the _New Zealand Gazette_, a paper published by the colonists at Port Nicholson, reached the Lieutenant-Governor, and from the columns of this journal, as well as from other well-authenticated sources, he learned that the settlers had set up a system of Local Government consisting of a Council, over which Colonel Wakefield presided, and a bench of Magistrates, who were attempting to levy taxes, and to enforce punishments for breaches of laws enacted by their self-constituted authority.[146]

To this latter tribunal on April 14 came a Mr. Wade, pleading for protection against the violence of Captain Pearson of the brig _Integrity_, his allegation being that this rude seaman had not only assaulted him, but threatened to throw him overboard. The law, such as it was, was immediately set in motion, the Captain was arrested and haled before Major Baker, who held the post of District Magistrate. To his other supposed offences, Pearson now added the more heinous one of refusing to recognise the jurisdiction of the Court. He defied the complainant to proceed with his charge, and dared the Magistrate to convict him. For this exhibition of independence he was immediately committed by the irate Magistrate, who could brook no such contempt for his brief authority.

On hearing of the fate of their Captain, the crew of the _Integrity_ flew to arms and pulled to the rescue, but the settlers were loyal to the law and repulsed them. In view of this belligerent attitude on the part of his shipmates, it was deemed safer to incarcerate the recalcitrant Captain on board one of the other ships lying in the harbour, whither he was conveyed, but it is said, "owing to the culpable negligence of the constable in charge," he was permitted to escape.

While the authorities were foolishly dreaming that their victim was safely under lock and key, the _Integrity_ sailed for the Bay of Islands, where Captain Pearson reported, no doubt with advantages, to the Lieutenant-Governor that the settlers at Port Nicholson were "a turbulent set of rebels who were seeking to establish a republic."

The story of the indignant Captain took Governor Hobson completely by storm, and after satisfying himself by reading the latest copies of the _New Zealand Gazette_[147] that it had some foundation in fact he developed a state of anxiety not far removed from panic. It did not take him long, however, to determine how he should act in the emergency.

In the absence of any legal authority to advise him he rather absurdly interpreted the proceedings of the New Zealand Company as acts of high treason, and within an hour had ordered the officer commanding the troops to detach thirty men of the 80th Regiment for duty at Port Nicholson. He also, two days later, dictated a Proclamation in which he denounced the attempt to supersede the authority of the Queen, and called upon all loyal subjects to resume their allegiance to their lawful sovereign.

PROCLAMATION

WHEREAS certain persons residing at Port Nicholson, New Zealand, part of the Dominions of Her Majesty, Queen Victoria, have formed themselves into an illegal Association, under the title of a Council, and in contempt of Her Majesty's authority, have assumed and attempted to usurp the powers vested in me by Her Majesty's Letters Patent, for the Government of the said Colony, to the manifest injury and detriment of all Her Majesty's liege subjects in New Zealand.

NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM HOBSON, Lieutenant-Governor of New Zealand, command all persons connected with such illegal Association immediately to withdraw therefrom, and I call upon all persons resident at Port Nicholson, or elsewhere, within the limits of this Government, upon the allegiance they owe to Her Majesty, Queen Victoria, to submit to the proper authorities in New Zealand, legally appointed, and to aid and assist them in the discharge of their respective duties.

GIVEN under my hand at Government House, Russell, Bay of Islands, this 23rd day of May in the year of our Lord 1840.

WILLIAM HOBSON, Lieutenant-Governor.

By command of His Excellency the Lieutenant-Governor,

WILLOUGHBY SHORTLAND, Colonial Secretary.

The exigencies of the circumstances were such as seemed to warrant the taking of even a more decisive step than the despatching of troops to Wellington, and without waiting for a report from Major Bunbury as to the success or failure of his mission, two other proclamations were hastily formulated and published, the one taking possession of the North Island by virtue of its cession by the native chiefs; the other declaring the South Island to be part of the Queen's Dominions by right of discovery.[148]

In order to give effect to the views which he had formed Captain Hobson commissioned Lieutenant Shortland, in whose discretion he placed implicit confidence, to proceed to Port Nicholson, there to personally read the proclamations, and to take such steps as he might deem necessary to secure the due recognition of the Crown at the Southern settlement. Accompanied by the small detachment of troops, and a still smaller force of mounted police, under the command of Lieutenants Smart and Best, the Colonial Secretary reached Port Nicholson in the barque _Integrity_ on the evening of Tuesday, June 2. A Mr. Cole[149] one of the civil staff, was immediately sent on shore with copies of the proclamations, and a letter to Colonel Wakefield, telling him it was Mr. Shortland's intention to land next day and read the proclamations, requesting at the same time that he would make all the necessary arrangements.

These dispositions were interfered with by a heavy gale which sprang up during the night, making it impossible to carry out the intended ceremony. In the meantime the Colonial Secretary was waited upon on board the _Integrity_ by Dr. Evans, and Messrs. Chaffers and Tod, who came for the purpose of expressing the gratification it gave the settlers to learn of his arrival. They then proceeded to assure Mr. Shortland that their actions and intentions had been greatly misrepresented. Dr. Evans volunteering the information that their Council had been formed for no other purpose than to preserve the peace, and for mutual protection until either the Lieutenant-Governor or some duly accredited representative of the Crown should arrive in their midst.

These assurances Mr. Shortland indicated he was prepared to accept, conditionally upon their being followed by some practical evidence of their sincerity. He told them plainly that the Council must disappear, that the flags flown as the insignia of its authority must come down, and that any proposal from any body of persons assuming any power or rights would be regarded by him as an act of hostility. To these conditions the deputation agreed and withdrew, after again protesting the loyalty of the colonists.

The storm having abated, Lieutenant Shortland landed on the beach at Thorndon at 2 o'clock on the afternoon of Thursday June 4, accompanied by Lieutenants Smart and Best and the four members of the police force. They were received on the beach by Colonel Wakefield, Dr. Evans, Captain Smith, R.A., and all the principal settlers, who conducted them to the appointed place of ceremony. Here the Colonial Secretary read the proclamations, which he assures us "were responded to by three hearty cheers; a royal salute from the Europeans, and with a war dance and general discharge of musketry by the natives who had assembled in great numbers."

PROCLAMATION

In the name of Her Majesty, Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. By William Hobson, Esq., a Captain in the Royal Navy, Lieutenant-Governor of New Zealand.

WHEREAS by a treaty bearing date the 5th day of February in the year of our Lord 1840, made and executed by me William Hobson, a Captain in the Royal Navy, Consul and Lieutenant-Governor in New Zealand, vested for this purpose with full powers by Her Britannic Majesty, of the one part, and the chiefs of the confederation of the United tribes of New Zealand, and the separate and independent chiefs of New Zealand, not members of the confederation, of the other, and further ratified and confirmed by the adherence of the principal chiefs of this Island of New Zealand, commonly called "The Northern Island," all rights and powers of Sovereignty over the said Northern Island were ceded to Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, absolutely and without reservation.

NOW, THEREFORE, I, William Hobson, Lieutenant-Governor of New Zealand, in the name and on behalf of Her Majesty, do hereby proclaim and declare to all men, that from and after the date of the above-mentioned treaty, the full sovereignty of the Northern Island of New Zealand vests in Her Majesty Queen Victoria, her heirs and successors for ever.

GIVEN under my hand at Government House, Russell, Bay of Islands, this 21st day of May in the year of our Lord 1840.

WILLIAM HOBSON, Lieutenant-Governor.

By His Excellency's command,

WILLOUGHBY SHORTLAND, Colonial Secretary.

PROCLAMATION

In the name of Her Majesty, Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. By William Hobson, Esq., a Captain in the Royal Navy, Lieutenant-Governor of[150] New Zealand.

WHEREAS I have it in command from Her Majesty Queen Victoria, through her principal Secretary of State for the Colonies, to assert the Sovereign rights of Her Majesty over the Southern Islands of New Zealand, commonly called "The Middle Island" and "Stewart's Island," and also the Island commonly called "The Northern Island," the same having been ceded in Sovereignty to Her Majesty.

NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM HOBSON, Lieutenant-Governor of New Zealand, do hereby proclaim and declare to all men, that from and after the date of these presents the full sovereignty of the Islands of New Zealand extending from 34° 30' north[151] to 47° 10' south latitude, and between 166° 5' to 179° of east longitude, vests in Her Majesty Queen Victoria, her heirs and successors for ever.

GIVEN under my hand at Government House, Russell, Bay of Islands, this 21st day of May in the year of our Lord 1840.

WILLIAM HOBSON, Lieutenant-Governor.

By His Excellency's command,

WILLOUGHBY SHORTLAND, Colonial Secretary.

As the last sounds of the rejoicing died away the leaders of the Settlement again pressed upon the Colonial Secretary their protestations of loyalty, and reiterated their assurances that in appearing to assume authority over the community they had been actuated by no other motive than a desire to preserve the peace and to protect their property. Under these circumstances the Colonial Secretary was able to write to Captain Hobson on June 20, "I have great pleasure in informing your Excellency that Her Majesty's Government is now fully established, and that both European and native populations are in a very satisfactory state."

Where sovereignty was declared over the South Island.]

Matters were in this position when Major Bunbury landed at Port Nicholson. He confirmed the harmonious nature of the relations between _Pakeha_ and Maori in an interview he held with some native chiefs, and subsequently with Captain Smith, R.A., Surveyor-General to the Company. This gentleman expressed himself as being much annoyed at the exaggerated accounts which had been spread regarding the condition of the settlement,[152] and the disloyalty of the settlers, whom he averred had received the Colonial Secretary[153] with the most spontaneous cordiality, the feminine section of the community being equally enthusiastic in acclaiming the substitution of the British flag for that of the Company. These protestations must be received and accepted for whatever weight they may bear. It is a fact too well known to again require substantiation, that the intervention of the British Government at this juncture was a grievous blow to the promoters of the New Zealand Company, and that whatever the feelings of the populace may have been, the leaders were never in a mood to express jubilation at the authority of the Crown thus unceremoniously overriding their own.

It is at least significant that the _New Zealand Gazette_, the organ of the Company, in its issue of June 6, is content with making the most meagre mention of the fact that Lieutenant Shortland had landed at Thorndon and read the Governor's proclamations. There is no enthusiasm, no shouts of acclamation described there, while the editorial is sullen in temper, and ill conceals the barb of disappointment, or the touch of sarcasm in its congratulations:

We congratulate our fellow-colonists upon being secured in this part of the world in all the rights of British subjects. All know, of course, that His Excellency has it not in his power either to extend or limit our rights, consequently if we were, so are we now entitled to the representative Government we have sometime enjoyed, though it may be for the present placed in abeyance. Under the British flag and having our representative Government in respect of administration of affairs, we shall be the most favoured Colony in this part of the world. We shall be in a better position even than South Australia, whose constitution is conditional upon having a given amount of population at a particular moment, and the which may be when obtained of a very questionable kind. If deprived of our representative Government, the main good of the proclamations will have been placing us, so far as the benefits of trade are concerned, on a footing with all other British colonies. But with this good we have a large quantity of bitter thrown into the cup. The highest in the scale of rank is a non-subcolony with a representative Government, and free of convicts; the lowest a subcolony to a Crown penal colony; and this is the position in which the free men of New Zealand find themselves placed by a British proclamation. We are dependent on New South Wales, and are therefore lowest in the scale of British colonies--indeed it would be difficult to conceive a lower condition. We are to be legislated for by a convict colony, we are therefore its inferior. New South Wales has Norfolk Island--the accursed of jails--and New Zealand as its dependencies. We place Norfolk Island first, because first subjected to New South Wales. The difference between these dependencies is that the one is now devoted to the convict system and the other is not, but as yet we have no guarantee that this shall not be the cherished abode of vice and crime. We have congratulated the colonists upon being placed under the British flag, but of course we firmly believe that Lord John Russell will immediately render these Islands independent of New South Wales, and that if we lose our Representative Government for the present, we shall not find ourselves placed upon a less favourable footing than the colonists of South Australia. It must never be forgotten that we have shewn we can govern ourselves, and were proceeding in a quiet, orderly, and successful career when the assertion of British authority took place.

That these sentiments faithfully reflected the views of the leaders at Port Nicholson is scarcely open to question, for the writer was in daily communication with them, and the most cursory perusal of them is all that is needed to establish how much of elation there is in their tone. The fact is the despatch of Captain Hobson to New Zealand, and his subsequent success, brought the keenest mortification to Colonel Wakefield and his colleagues, and after resistance and ridicule had failed to prevent the consummation of the treaty, they adopted an attitude of silent but angry acquiescence in a line of policy which in their hearts they regarded with the utmost malignity.

One thing, and one thing only, made the new position tolerable to them, and that was the prospect of securing to their own settlement the seat of Government. To this end they adopted an address of welcome to Captain Hobson, and despatched Colonel Wakefield to the Bay of Islands to present it. The bait was offered of a hearty welcome and the most valuable sites in the town for the convenience of the public offices. Captain Hobson's failure to accept the bribe only added fuel to the smouldering fires of discontent and served to enhance the difficulties of his already intricate administration--perhaps to shorten his life.

The _Herald_ left Port Nicholson just before dusk on Sunday the 21st, beating out of the Heads in the dark against a fresh south-east breeze, with her boats holding lights on the extremities of the outlying reefs for the guidance of the helmsman. Her journey along the coast was uneventful, and on the night of the 23rd she anchored in Hawke's Bay.

On the following morning Major Bunbury landed in search of the chief Te Hapuku, the most influential representative of the Ngati-Kahungunu tribe living on this stretch of coast. By common report this chief had acquired an unenviable reputation for rapacity and extortion towards the Europeans settled at Ahuriri (Napier). For this reason Major Bunbury anticipated some little difficulty in finding him "at home":

"Nor," says he, "did the tears of some of the women who followed us from one of his residences we found at the bottom of the Bay, make me think more favourably of him. After walking about a mile along the beach, and crossing the sandy isthmus we arrived at an estuary, the road leading round it being only passable at low water. After walking and wading another half hour we arrived at the _pa_, but the chief had gone into the country. A native was, however, sent after him. Here we remained some time, but no chief appearing, we prepared to return, and left a note for him explaining the nature of our mission, with a native who was able to read. Before reaching our boat Te Hapuku overtook us, accompanied by a chief from the Bay of Islands district, named Hara. The chief, Te Hapuku, at first refused to sign the treaty, saying that he was nobody, and that he had heard that those who signed it at the Bay of Islands had been made slaves. I therefore requested Mr. Williams to ask the chief Hara, who was one of those who had signed, how he came not to be made a slave and how many slaves he had seen at that place when he left the Bay of Islands with Mr. Williams' father. He endeavoured then to explain his meaning by a sort of diagram on a piece of board, placing the Queen by herself over the chiefs as these were over the tribes. I told him it was literally as he described it, but not for an evil purpose as they supposed, but to enable her to enforce the execution of justice and good government equally amongst her subjects. Her authority having been already proclaimed over New Zealand with the consent of the greatest number of influential chiefs, he would find that the tribes must no longer go to war with each other, but must subject their differences to her arbitration; strangers and foreigners must no longer be plundered and oppressed by natives or chiefs; nor must the natives be injured or insulted by white men. It was not the object of Her Majesty's Government to lower the chiefs in the estimation of the tribes, and that his signature being now attached to the treaty could only tend to increase his consequence by acknowledging his title. He might, therefore, sign or otherwise as he thought best for his own interests and those of his tribe. To give him greater confidence I told him I regretted it was not in my power to show him the ship, as we had not the means of relanding his party. I could give him and his party a seat in our gig, but as they did not appear to have any canoes in this part of the Bay I did not know how they were to get back. He then immediately volunteered to go and take his chance of meeting with some canoes alongside the ship, in which he might return.

"A complaint having been made to me by Mr. Ellis, against a native who had taken from him a whaling boat with its oars and sails, on pretence that Ellis had cursed him, and who acknowledged he had been induced so to act from having been prevented from removing some sawyers he had employed, and for an attempt made to make him pay over again five sovereigns and 40 lbs. of tobacco he had paid for the timber. I referred the matter on the spot to Te Hapuku, who acknowledged that the Englishman's statement was correct. He said, however, that the native did not belong to his tribe, but as he had been cursed he wished to know how the native was to be compensated. I told him Ellis had done wrong, but according to our notions, under all the circumstances, the punishment had far exceeded the offence. I should therefore insist upon the boat being returned to him, but as mild measures were always preferable, I begged he would send a native to advise the boat being immediately given up, to prevent the necessity for my employing the ship-of-war, which I otherwise should do. Mr. Parker of the _Herald_ and Mr. Williams having volunteered to accompany Mr. Ellis in his boat, I desired the latter, who understood and spoke the native language, to be told by Mr. Williams in their language, that I was determined that justice should be done, not alone to the natives, but to strangers also, and if necessary the _Herald_ would interfere. When Mr. Ellis was about to shove off in his boat he returned and told me the observations that had been made had caused such a sensation amongst the natives present that he was confident his boat would be, immediately on his arrival, returned to him, and that he did not consider it would now be necessary to trouble either Mr. Parker or Mr. Williams to accompany him. These gentlemen were accordingly passed into the _Herald's_ gig, and accompanied by Te Hapuku, Hara, and some other natives we returned on board. Captain Nias ordered a gun to be fired, at their request, and having signed the treaty and received some blankets and tobacco as a present, they were put on shore at a native village in the Bay, where they would get canoes to convey them to their residence. Mr. Ellis not having returned on board the _Herald_ according to an agreement I had made with him on shore, we concluded his boat had been restored to him."

Major Bunbury having now visited all the places of importance from the point of view of native population on the East Coast, the _Herald_ once more set her course for the Bay of Islands, reaching port on July 4. Captain Hobson had so far recovered in health, as to resume the active administration of affairs, and was at the moment of the Major's arrival "absent on a tour of duty." The propaganda of the treaty had prospered to the fullest expectation. Five hundred and twelve[154] signatures had been obtained, embracing almost every man of influence throughout the Islands with the exception of Te Wherowhero of Waikato, Te Heuheu, of Taupo, Te Waharoa, chief of Ngatihaua and Taiaroa, of Otago.

In recognition of this achievement Lord John Russell wrote to Captain Hobson then rapidly approaching his end: "As far as it has been possible to form a judgment, your proceedings appear to have entitled you to the entire approbation of Her Majesty's Government."

In these circumstances we have now reached that stage in our history where we may in words of the chiefs themselves, write: "Now, we, the chiefs of the Assembly of the _hapus_ of New Zealand, assembled at Waitangi. We, also, the chiefs of New Zealand, see the meaning of these words. They are taken and consented to altogether by us. Therefore are affixed our names and our marks."

SIGNATURES TO THE TREATY OF WAITANGI

=Waitangi, February 6, 1840=

KAWITI. The leader with Heke of the rebellion in the North
in 1845.
TIRARAU. The principal chief of Northern Wairoa.
POMARE. Was detained on board H.M.S. _North Star_
during the Northern war.
KIORE HEKE, of the Matarahurahu tribe.
HORI KINGI, WHARERAHI. This chief accompanied Hongi to
England.
TAMATI PUKUTUTU. Fought with our troops against Kawiti, at
Ruapekapeka.
HAKIRO. Son of Tareha.
WIKITENE (HIKITENE). Chief of Kapotai of Waikare.
PUMUKA. Was killed by Captain Robertson of H.M.S. _Hazzard_
at the sack of Kororareka.
MARUPO. A noted warrior. Conquered Ngatimaru and Ngatipaoa.
TE TAO.
REWITI ATUAHAERE. An uncle of Hone Heke.
WIREMU HAU. Afterwards a native assessor. Fought for the
British at Ohaeawai.
KAUA.
TONA.
MENE.
TAMATI WAAKA NĒNE. The celebrated loyal chief of Nga-Puhi.
MATU HUKA.
KAMERA (KAITEKE).
WARAU.
NGERE.
PATUONE ERUERA MAIHI. Brother of Tamati Waaka Nēne.
PAORA NOHOMATANGI.
RUHE. Father of Maketu, who was the first Maori hung for
murder in New Zealand. Ruhe shot himself in 1865.
KAITARA WIREMU KINGI.
TAURA. Killed at Mawhekairangi.
TAURAU. The younger brother of Te Tirarau.
TE ROHA. The younger brother of Te Tirarau.
REWA. Father of Huirau.
MOKA. A celebrated chief in the early days of the colony.
PAPAHIA. Chief of the Hokianga tribes. Father of Wi Tana.
TAKIRI (TITORE NUI, the Great). First commenced
the felling of Kauri spars for the navy.
TAKO.
WIREMU TANA. Son of Papahia.
TANGATA KOTAHI. Son of Papahia.
TE TAI. Son of Papahia.
TOROIHUA.
TE KEHA.
KOWAO.
TAKURUA.
HINAKI.
MANUTA WUNU.
NGA MANU (HAUTOKIA).
HIRO.
MARAMA.
MOE NGAHEREHERE.
MAHU.
WIREMU WUNA.
TAWAEWAE.
WHAREUMU. Killed at Waima.
MAKOWARE.
TE AHU. Son of Parore of Nga-Puhi.
TUKUPUNGA.
HARA.
HAKITARA. Went to England to see King William IV.
HAWAITU (TAMATI).
MATATAHI.
RAWIRI TAIWHANGA. Father of Hirini (Sydney) and Hemi. A
very intelligent man.
PARAARA.
ANA HAMU.
HIRA PURE.
IWI. Ngatirangi tribe, Te Waka.
WHIORAU.
WIREMU WAHTIPU.
PIRIPI HAURANGI.
POKAI. Ngatirangi tribe. The celebrated Hone Heke. Leader
of the rebellion of 1845.
KAUWHATA. Ngatiwai tribe.
TUIRANGI. Matarahurahu tribe.
HOHEPA KINGI RAUMATI.
TAWAKAWAHA. Ngaitawake tribe.
TAWATANUI.
RAWHITI.
KUIHANGA (MAIHI PARAONE KAWITI).
PARAKA.
TAHUA HORI KINGI.
PUKA.
KOROIKO (TE KOROHIKO). A chief from Taupu.
IWIKAU HEUHEU. Younger brother of the great Te Heuheu, of
Taupo. He afterwards became an ardent Kingite.

_Witnesses._--James Busby; Henry Williams; Richard Taylor,
M.A.; John Mason, of the Church Missionary Society; Samuel Ironside,
Wesleyan Missionary Society; James Stuart Freeman, gentleman.
Witness to the signature of Pomare--James R. Clendon.

=February 9, 1840=

REWITI IRIKOE.
TE KUTA.
PAORA KINGI (?). Patu Matekoraha.
HAUPOKIA AHUAHU. A celebrated chief and priest. He was
wounded in three places during the Northern war: twice through the
chest.
MOHI TAHUA.
KAME KUTU.
RANGI TUTURAU.

_Witnesses._--Joseph Nias, Captain H.M.S. _Herald_; Henry
Williams, clerk.

=Hokianga, February 13, 1840=

HAKE.
REWIRI.
TE PANA.
HONE MAKINAIHUNGA.
PANGARI.
RANGATIRA PAKANAE (RANGATIRA MOETARA).
TIO.
TE KAREKARE.
TUKARAWA.
PAKA.
WHAREKORERO.
MARUPO. Ngatikorokoro tribe.
TOTO.
TOKO.
PO.
PIRIPI NGAROMUTU.
WIREMU RAURAKA.
WIREMU PATENE. Son of Otene Pura.
MANAIHI.
PARATENE (TE RIPI).
TE HIRA.
TURAU.
TE KETI.
KENANA.
PERO.
TE URUTI.
WITIKAMA.
TIRA.
TIPANE.
MATIU.
KAIHU.
KAITOKE (TE WHAKAWAI).
HIRA.
KIRI KOTIRIA.

_Witnesses._--Joseph Nias, Captain H.M.S. _Herald_;
Willoughby Shortland; George Clarke, Church Missionary Society;
William Woon, Wesleyan Mission Society; G. P. Russell, Kohukohu.

=Waimate, February 15, 1840=

TAMATI HAPIMANA.
TE KEKEAO PARATENE.
TAONUI MAKOARE.
DANIEL KAHIKA.
ABRAHAM TAUTORU (APERAHAMA TAONUI).
KAITOKE MURIWAI.
TE NAIHI.
TAHUA.
TUKU.
NGARO.
RAWIRI MUTU.
WIREMU WAHNGAROA.
TIMOTI TAKARE.
HAMIORA MATANGI.
ARAMA HONGI.
HAIMONA TAURANGA.
TE KURA.
HEREMAIA.
PI, TE MAHUREHURE. Of the Waima tribe. Killed at Otuihu. Father of
Arama Karaka.
REPA MANGO.
MAUNGA RONGO.
WIRE MANU.
TAKAHOREA.
WAKANAU.
MOHI TAWHAI. A loyal chief who fought for us at Ohaewai.
TIMOTI MITO.
HAIMONA PAIKORAHA.
HUNA TUHEKA. Ngatipakau.
PERO.
WIREMU KINGI.

_Witness._--Richard Taylor, Church Missionary Society.

=Waitemata, March 4, 1840=

WIREMU HOETE. Chief of Ngatimaru.
HAKOPA.
TE AWA. Father of Te Hira.
TAPURU.
TITAHA. Killed by Heke at the battle of Ohaeawai.
KAHUKOTI.
RUINGA. Hori Pokai.
HOHEPA.
POUROTO.
ENOKA.
HINAKI.
KEPA.
PAORA (PUTU).
MOHI TE AHI-A-TE-NGU.
ANARU.
WAITANGI, of Paroa.
WILLIAM KOROKORO. Chief of Ngatiwai.

_Witnesses._--Joseph Nias, Captain H.M.S. _Herald_; Henry
Williams; William Thomas Fairburn.

=Kaitaia, April 29, 1840=

NOPERA PANAKAREAO. Died April 1856 of erysipelas.
PAORA NGARUE.
WIREMU WIRIHANA.
UMU.
HIMIONA TANGATA. Died in 1860.
MATENGA PAERATA. Died in 1862.
RAPATA WAKAHOTU.
HORI POPATA WAKA. Died in 1862.
TAUA.
TAITIMU.
MATIU HUHU.
TOKITAHI.
PARATENE WAIORA.
RAPITI REHUREHU.
KORONEHO PUPU.
PIRIPI RAORAO.
KOPA.
MEINATA HONGI.
OTOPI.
PAETAI.
MARAMA.
PARATENE KARUHURI.
TAMATI PAWAU.
REIHANA TEIRA MANGONUI.
WATENE PATONGA.
WIREMU NGARAE.
HOHEPA POUTAMA.
HARE MATENGA KAWA. Died in 1862.
KINGI KOHURU.
MATIU TAUHARA.
HAMIORA POTAKA.
HUYATAHI (HETARAKA).
MARAKAI MAWAI.
UTIKA HU.
HARE HURU.
TAMATI MUTAWA.
HAUORA.
TOMO.
PUHIPI TE RIPA. Afterwards a native assessor.
EREONORA. Wife of Nopera Panakareao. She died in 1847.
POARI TE MAHANGA.
RAWIRI.
KEPA WAHA.
KORONIRIA NUA.
NGARE (RIWAI HAKI NGARE).
HAMIORA TAWARI.
WHITI. Chief of Awanui.
RUANUI.
HAUNUI. Died in 1862.
KURI.
KAWARIKI.
RAWIRI AWARUA.
RU. Died in 1862 of typhoid fever.
PAPANUI.
HAKARAIA KOHANGA.
KAWAHEITIKI.
PERE KAMUKAMU.
KARAKA KAWAU. Afterwards a native assessor.
PAORA TE HOI. Died in 1862 of typhoid.
HIMIONA WHARAORA.
APERAHAMA OTIRU.
TARA.
PIHERE, from Kawakawa. Ngatimanu tribe.

_Witnesses._--William Gilbert Puckey, Church Missionary
Society; John Johnson, M.D.; H. D. Smart, 28th Regiment, New Zealand
Mounted Police; Richard Taylor, M.A., Church Missionary Society;
Willoughby Shortland, Colonial Secretary.

THAMES NATIVES FROM WHAREKAWA

=Tamaki, July 9, 1840=

TE ARA KARAMU.
KUPENGA.
NGAHUKA.
NGA MANU.
RARO MANU.
TE HANGI.

_Witnesses._--David Rough; George Clarke, P.G.A.; John Johnson,
M.D., Colonial Surgeon.

=Russell, August 5, 1840=

HAKE (URIKAPANA).
KANAWA.
HANIWA.

_Witnesses._--George Clarke, Protector of Aborigines; James
Coates, gentleman; James Stuart Freeman, gentleman.

=Coromandel Harbour, May 4, 1840=

HORETA TE TANIWHA. Father of Kitahi (Ngatiwhanaunga tribe).
KITAHI.
PUAKANGA.
HAUAURU.

_Witnesses._--Joseph Nias, Captain H.M.S. _Herald_; Thomas
Bunbury, Major 80th Regiment.

=Mercury Bay=

PUNAHI. Ngatimaru tribe.
NGATAIEPA, RAPUPO.

_Witness._--Joseph Nias, Captain H.M.S. _Herald_.

=Akaroa=

IWIKAU. Ngatirangiamoa tribe.
JOHN LOVE. Ngatikahukura tribe.

_Witnesses._--Thomas Bunbury, Major 80th Regiment; Edward Marsh
Williams.

=Ruapuke, Foveaux Straits=

JOHN TOUWAICK (TU HAWAIKI).
TAIAROA.
KAIKOURA.

_Witnesses._--Joseph Nias, Captain H.M.S. _Herald_; Thomas
Bunbury, Major 80th Regiment.

=Otago=

JOHN KARITAI.
KORAKO.

_Witnesses._--Thomas Bunbury, Major 80th Regiment; W. Stewart.

=Cloudy Bay, June 17, 1840=

MAUI PU.
EKA HARE.
PUKE.
KAIKOURA.
JOSEPH TOMS. Son-in-law of Nohorua.
NOHORUA. Elder brother of Te Rauparaha.
WAITI.
WI.
TE KANAE.
PUKEKO.

_Witnesses._--Thomas Bunbury, Major 80th Regiment; W. Stewart.

=Kapiti, June 19, 1840=

TE RAUPARAHA.
TE RANGIHAEATA.

_Witnesses._--Thomas Bunbury, Major 80th Regiment; W. Stewart.

=Hawkes Bay, June 23, 1840=

TE HAPUKU.
WAIKATO. Went to England with Hongi.
MAHIKAI.

_Witnesses._--Thomas Bunbury, Major 80th Regiment; Edward M.
Williams.

=Manukau, March 20, 1840=

KAWAU (APIHAI). Chief of Ngatiwhatua tribe.
TINANA.
TE REWETI (WIREMU REWETI).

_Witnesses._--W. C. Symonds; James Hamlin.

=Kawhia, April 28, May 25, June 15, August 27, September 3, 1840=

RAWIRI.
TE KAWANA.
TARIKI.
HAUPOKIA.
TE WARU (HORI).
TAONUI.
HONE WAITERE AOTUROA.
TE MATENA TE WHAPU.
NGAMOTU.
WHAREKAWA.

_Witnesses._--James Wallis; John Whiteley.

=Waikato Heads, April 11 and 26, 1840=

PAENGAHURU. Ngatitipa tribe.
KIWI NGARAE. Ngatitahinga tribe. Father of Apera Kiwi.
PAKI. Ngaungau tribe.
NGAPAKA. Ngatitipa tribe.
KUKUTAI. Ngatitipa. Father of Waata Kukutai.
TE NGOHI. Ngatimaniapoto from Kawhia.
MURIWHENUA. Ngatihaua from Aotea.
TE PAKARU. Ngatimaniapoto from Kawhia.
NUTONE. Afterwards a pensioner.
TE WARAKI. Ngatimaniapoto from Kawhia.
TE ROTO KIWI. Ngatimahuta from Kawhia.
PAERATA NGATIPOU.
KATIPA NGATIPOU. Father of Maihi, who was captured at
Rangiriri.
MAIKUKU. Ngatiteata tribe.
APERAHAMA NGAKAINGA. Ngatiteata tribe.
HOANA RIUTOTO. Ngatimahuta tribe.
WAIRAKAU. Ngatitetata tribe.
HAKI AOTEA. Ngatituwehi tribe.
WIREMU TE AWAITAIA (WIREMU NERO). The well-known loyal
chief of Whaingaroa.
TUNUI NGAWAKA. Ngatitahinga from Waikato.
KAMURA WAUROA.
POHEPOHE. Ngatihaua from Matamata.
POKAWA RAWHIRAWHI. Ngatihaua from Matamata.
PUATA. Ngatiruru from Otawhao.
MOKOROA. Ngatiruru from Otawhao.
PUNGAREHU. Ngatiapakura from Tarawera.
POHOTUKIA.
TE KEHA. Ngatinaho.
WHAREPU. Ngatiahine from Taupiri (Pene). Killed at
Rangiriri.
KANAWA. Ngatiahine from Taupiri (Kihiringi). Killed at
Rangiriri.
WHATA. Ngatitipa from Whangaroa.
NGAWAKA TE AO (TE AO-O-TE-RANGI). Ngatiwauroa from Putataka.
PEEHI. Ngatiruru from Otawhao.
WIREMU NGAWARO.
HONE KINGI.
TE TAWA.
TAMATI.
RAPATA WAITI.
TE AWARAHI.
REHUREHU.

_Witnesses._--R. Maunsell; B. Ashwell; W. C. Symonds.

=Opotiki, May 27 and 28, 1840=

†TAUTORU. TAKAHI. APOROTANGA. Killed by the wife of Tohi-Pekamu after the battle of Te Awa-a-te-Atua. ATUA. WHAKIIA. †RANGIMATANUKU. †RANGIHAEREPO.

=Torere, June 11, 1840=

PUTIKI.
RANGIHUATAKI.

=Tekaha, June 14, 1840=

HAUPURURANGI (AOPURANGI).
HAHIWARU.
HAOMARAMA.
WHARAU.

=Torere, June 14, 1840=

TAKU.
TAUTARI.

_Witnesses._--James W. Fredarb;[155] Papahia; Wiremu Maihi.

=Whakatane, June 16, 1840=

MOKAI.
MATA.
TARAWATEWATE.
TUNUI.
TAUPIRI.
HAUKAKAWA.
PIARIARI.
MATATETOHIA.
REWA.
TUPARA.
MOKAI.
TE UIRA. Ngatipou tribe.
NGAHU.
RAHIRI. Ngatimaru tribe.
TE MOKE. Ngatitewehi tribe.
TE WERA. Ngatimaru tribe.

_Witnesses._--J. W. Fredarb; R. Maunsell.

=Wellington (Port Nicholson), April 29, 1840=

TUARAU.
HIKO-O-TE-RANGI. Chief of Mana Island.
TUNGIA.
RAKE.
WHAREPOURI.
MATANGI.
TARINGA KURI.
WHAKAKEHO.
PORUTU. Attended the Kohimarama Conference, 1860.
WHAKATAURANGA.
HORE.
PANI.
RAWI.
KOPIRI.
WHANGA.
NGAPAPA.
REIHANA REWETI.
NGATATA. Father of Wi Tako.
PUAKAWE.
NAPUNA.
MOHIROA.
TUTE.
INGO.
PAKAU.
PATUHIKI.
TE KAHE. Grandmother of the Hon. Dr. Pomare, M.P.; and with
Topeora, Rangihiata's sister, was the only woman permitted to sign
the treaty.
KOPEKA.
REREWA.
TE PUNI (TE HONIANA).
TUHOTO.
PAKEWA.
POPUKA.

_Witnesses._--Henry Williams, Clerk; George Thomas Clayton,
Merchant.

=Queen Charlotte's Sound, May 4 and 5, 1840=

TOHEROA.
REWA.
WHATIMO.
TE TUPE.
TIAHO.
TIKAUKAU.
ORAKAKA.
TUTERAPOURI.
TIRARAU.
NGAORANGA.
HURIWENUA.
TAUKINA.
IWIKAU.
PUNGA.
RANGOWAKA.
KIRIKIRI.
POTIKI.
TARAHEKE.
ANARU.
PIKAU.
HONE. (?) ROPOAMA TE ONE
MANA.
KAPARANGI.
TAPOTUKU.
UAPIKI.
MARU.
KARAKA.

_Witnesses._--Henry Williams, Clerk; George Thomas Clayton,
Merchant.

=Rangitoto, May 11, 1840=

TE WHETU (The Star).
PARI.
TAROPIKO.
PUTETE.
RANGIAHUA.
TAHANUI.
OROKAKA.
TOITOI.
TE MAKO.
IPUKOHU.
TE TIHI.
HUIA.
NUKUMAI.

_Witnesses._--Henry Williams, Clerk; George Thomas Clayton,
Merchant.

=Kapiti, Otaki, Manawatu, May 14, 1840=

TE RAUPARAHA. Principal Chief of Cook's Strait.
KATU.
TE WHIWHI (MATENE).
TOPEORA. Mother of Matene Te Whiwhi.
TE RURU (APERAHAMA).
MATIA.
KEHU.
HAKEKE. Father of Kawana Hunia.
TAUMARU.
MAHI.
TE OTA.
KIHAROA.
TE PUKE.
TOREMI (HOROMONA).
TE AHOAHO (TE KINGI).
TAHURANGI.
PATUROA.
TE TOHE.
TE WHETU.
TAUHEKE.
PAKAU.
WHITIOPAI.

_Witnesses._--Henry Williams, Clerk; Octavius Hadfield, Clerk.

=Waikanae, May 16, 1840=

RERETAWHANGAWHANGA. Father of Whiti.
WHITI. the Celebrated Wiremu Kingi.
PATUKEKENO.
NGARAUREKAU.
TE HEKE.
TUAMANE.
NGAPUKE.
PATUKA KARIKI. Died At Taranaki.
NGAKANAE.
PUKERANGIORA.
KUKUTAI. Killed at Te Poutoko.
KOMAKI.
RARANGA.
HOHEPA MATAHAU.
KIHA.
HIANGARERE.
URERUA. Killed at Waikanae.
TE WEHI.
PEHI.
KETETAKERE.

_Witnesses._--Henry Williams, Clerk; Octavius Hadfield, Clerk.

=Motu Ngarara, June 4, 1840=

TE RANGIHIROA.
TE OHU.

_Witnesses._--Henry Williams, Clerk; George Thomas Clayton,
Merchant.

=Wanganui, May 23 and 31, 1840=

ANAUA (HORI KINGI).
TAWITO (KAWANA PAIPAI).
MAWAE.
RERE.
TE TAURI (WIREMU ERUERA).
RORE.
TUROA.
TAKA.
KURAWHATUA.
RANGIWHAKARURUA.
URIPO.
HIKO.
TAKATERANGI.
PAKORO.

_Witnesses._--Henry Williams, Clerk; O. Hadfield, Clerk.

=Tauranga, Poverty Bay=

MANUTAHI.
TURUKI.
KAINGAKIORE.
ERUERA WINA.
TAKATUA, from Waiapu.
DAVID RANGIKATI, from Waiapu.
TAMAWA KAMEHUA, from Tokomaru.
TE PAKARA, from Turanga.
PAI-TE-RANGI.
TUTAPATURANGI TAETANGAWARE.
TITIRANGI.
TAWARAU.
RANGIUIA UAWA (NOPERA RANGIHUIA).
RANGIWAI, from Waiapu.
MIMIOPAWA, from Waiapu.
KAKATARAU, from Waiapu.
AWARAU, from Waiapu.
TAMITERE, from Tokomaru.
MANGARE, from Turanga.
MARONUI, from Turanga.
TONA (TANAMANAIA), from Turanga.
NGATIKAREAHO, from Wairoa.
TUHURA.
TE HORE, from Turanga.
WHAKAHINGATU, from Turanga.
PONEKAHIKA (HORI), from Uawa.
RANGIWHAKATATAE, from Waiapu.
MOKOPUORONGO (PARATENE). Leader of the Kingites at Tokomaru.
POTOTI, from Turanga.
UIRAMAITAI, from Turanga.
TAWARAKIHI, from Turanga.
TUROA, from Turanga.
MAHUIKA, from Turanga.
TE PANEPANE, from Turanga.
TE WHAREANA, from Turanga.
TE EKE (RAWIRI), from Turanga. Father of Hirini.
TE TORE, from Ahuriri.
TUTAEPA, from Waiapu.
KAURU-O-TE-RANGI (POPATA). Afterwards leader of the King
party at Korauruterangi, from Waiapu.
TE POTAE (ENOKA), from Tokomaru. Father of Henare Potae.

_Witnesses._--William Williams; Henry Williams, Junr.; G.
Clarke, Junr.

=Tauranga (now Gisborne)=

TE WHANAKE.
HIUTAO.
TAMAIWAHIA.
TE HUI.
PAETUI.
TE KOU.
REKO.
TARI.
MATATAHUNA.
TE KONIKONI.
TAUARUMIA.
NUKA.
TE TUTAHI.
TE POHOI.
PUTARAHI.
PIKITIA.
TE MAKO.
TE PEIKA.
KAPA.
TE HAEREROA.
HOANI ANETA.

_Witnesses._--Hoani Aneta; James Stack; Henry Taylor.

[94] Although the Hokianga chiefs as a body were the most determined in their opposition to the treaty, it is worthy of note that they were afterwards the most faithful in their adherence to the Government, and fought gallantly under Waaka Nēne, Aperahama Taonui, and Mohi Tawhai against Heke and Kawiti, during the Northern war of 1845.

[95] These speeches are reported from notes made at the time by Lieutenant Shortland. In Captain Hobson's despatch he makes it appear that it was Papa Haiga (Papahia) who made this statement, but from Mr. Shortland's notes it would appear to have been Taonui.

[96] Afterwards Judge Manning of the Native Land Court, and author of that classic _Old New Zealand_.

[97] Meaning one who has been favourable to the introduction of Europeans.

[98] Altogether 120 signatures were obtained in the Hokianga district.

[99] Captain Nias conducted the meeting at the Waitemata, and secured eight or ten signatures.

[100] It is more than likely that at this date Captain Nias did not know the real nature of Captain Hobson's illness. Some correspondence which took place later in the month seems to suggest that there was a little friction between Dr. Lane, the ship's surgeon, and himself on the subject. On the arrival of the _Herald_ in Sydney, towards the end of March, Dr. Lane was sent for by Sir George Gipps, who requested that he be furnished with a written report on the state of Captain Hobson's health. Dr. Lane replied, ascribing the illness to an attack of paralysis hemiplegica. In forwarding this report to the Governor, Captain Nias stated that "it is in total contradiction of everything he has stated before to me on the subject."

[101] The attitude of the Missionaries toward the treaty was well expressed by the Rev. Mr. Maunsell in a letter to the Colonial Secretary, Mr. Shortland, dated April 14, 1840.

[102] These services were acknowledged in the most generous terms by Captain Hobson.

[103] "The appointment of Police Magistrates was one of the first acts under the new order of things. Mr. Robert (?) Shortland, the first Police Magistrate, after the illness of Governor Hobson, styled himself Acting-Governor, and a more ridiculously pompous functionary could scarcely be imagined."--Commander Wilkes.

[104] "A report prevails and not without foundation that a conspiracy against the Government and Military exists amongst many of the chiefs of this neighbourhood. I know the persons implicated and I will have them closely watched. If there really is any truth in the matter it may be ascribed to the mischievous stories that have been circulated by low, abandoned Europeans who try to persuade the natives that we only wait until we are strong enough, to take possession of the land, and sell it, irrespective of Native claims."--_Vide_ Captain Hobson's Letter to Sir G. Gipps, May 5, 1840.

[105] In many cases Mr. Shortland has used the baptismal name of the men who spoke, and in some instances, such as Forde and Marsden, it is now impossible to identify the men from their signatures on the treaty.

[106] A reference to the misrepresentations of the Europeans.

[107] "Our chief Noble has become quite a European in his habits. He has a neat little weather-boarded cottage, which is furnished with table and chairs like our own, and his food is much the same. He has purchased tea, sugar, and rice from the European settlers, and is as cleanly with his wife as any white person, and in all respects as comfortable. He assembles his servants and people about him, morning and evening for prayer, and all his concerns are conducted with the utmost order. His Excellency Governor Hobson has just visited this place. He, with his suite, supped at Noble's, and was vastly pleased with him."--Report of Mr. Puckey in _Missionary Register_, 1841.

[108] The meeting concluded with a war dance, and general discharge of musketry, and a feast provided entirely at Nopera's expense. Not only did he refuse to accept any payment, but he added to his generosity by sending to the Governor a present of pigs and potatoes.

[109] Captain William Cornwallis Symonds was the son of Sir William Symonds, Surveyor of the Navy, and was Deputy Surveyor of New Zealand. He accompanied Dr. Dieffenbach on some of his exploring expeditions, and made maps of his observations. He was also an enthusiastic student of the native language, and collected a vocabulary of 3000 Maori words. He lost his life in 1841 through his canoe capsizing while crossing the Manakau Harbour.

[110] Rewa had said at Waitangi that his opposition there had been inspired by the Bishop.