Chapter XIX: Appendix: (See Chapter III., pp. 81, sqq.)

This book was almost ready for the press when Dr. Albert Shaw's collection of essays was published under the title of _The Outlook for the Average Man_. Dr. Shaw is one of America's most lucid thinkers and he contributes what I take to be a new (though once stated an obviously true) explanation of what I have spoken of as the homogeneousness of the American people. The West, as we all know, was largely settled from the East. That is to say that a family or a member of a family in New York moved westward to Illinois, thence in the next generation to Minnesota, thence again to Montana or Oregon. A similar movement went on down the whole depth of the United States, families established in North Carolina migrating first to Kentucky, then to Ohio, so to Texas, and finally on to California. All parts of the country therefore have, as the nucleus of their population, people of precisely the same stock, habits, and ways of thought. The West was settled "not by radiation of influence from the older centres, but by the actual transplantation of the men and women." Dr. Shaw proceeds:

"England is not large in area and the people are generally regarded as homogeneous in their insularity. But as a matter of fact the populations of the different parts of England are scarcely at all acquainted in any other part. Thus the Yorkshireman would only by the rarest chance have relatives living in Kent or Cornwall. The intimacy between North Carolina and Missouri, for example, is incomparably greater than that between one part of England and another part. In like manner, the people of the North of France know very little of those of the South of France, or even of those living in districts not at all remote. Exactly the same thing is true of Italy and Germany, and is characteristic of almost every other European land. As compared with other countries, we in America are literally a band of brothers."--_The Outlook for the Average Man_, pages 104, 105.

INDEX

A

_Academy_, newspaper, the, 159

Alderman, election of an, 239;
"Mike," 252

Alliance, Anglo-American, desirable, 7, 430

Alliances, entangling, what they mean, 5

Amateurs, in sport, 421

American accent, the, 106

American dislike of England, 43, 46, 98 _sqq._, 112, 430

American journalists in London, 220

"American methods," in business, 328

American people, the, a bellicose people, 8;
its fondness for ideal, 10;
sensitive to criticism, 34;
dislike of subterfuges, 34;
an Anglo-Saxon people, 37, 87, 140;
and its leading men, 48;
foreign elements in, 58, 80, 227, 443;
self-reliant, 67;
resourceful, 70;
homogeneous, 80, 211, 451;
quick to move, 87;
"sense of the state" in, 89;
its ambitions, 90;
character of, influenced by the country, 97;
likes round numbers, 105;
its provincialism, 113;
its isolation, 116, 434;
effect of criticism on, 115, 157;
its attitude toward women, 119 _sqq._;
its insularity, 146;
manners of, 147;
pushfulness, 148;
did not invent all progress, 151;
humour of, 152;
its literature, 157;
science, 159;
art, 160;
architecture, 160;
its self-confidence, 164;
factors in the education of, 171;
influence of the Civil War on, 188;
its hunger for culture, 189;
not superficial, 193, 204;
eclecticism, 194;
musical knowledge of, 199;
drama of, 201;
takes culture in paroxysms, 203;
looks to the future, 208;
political corruption in, 234;
great parties in, 256;
political sanity of, 284;
purifying itself, 300, 324, 336, 353, 364;
aristocracy in, 309;
shrinks from European commercial conditions, 331;
hatred of trusts, 331;
misrepresented by its press, 340;
contempt for hereditary legislators, 346;
commercial integrity, 351;
religious feeling in, 353;
insistence of an individuality, 382;
a character sketch, 448

American speech, uniformity of, 85, 209

Americanisms, in English speech, 209;
their origin in America, 216;
disappearing, 224

Americans, at home in England, 36;
fraternise with English abroad, 38;
and "foreigners," 39;
as sailors, 62;
their ambitions, 90;
in London, 106;
ignorant of foreign affairs, 113;
treatment of women, 119 _sqq._;
their insularity, 146;
energy, 148;
humour, 152;
what they think of English universities, 169;
pride of family in, 181;
know no "betters," 194;
ambitious of versatility, 205;
as linguists, 206;
purists in speech, 219;
cannot lie, 352;
as story-tellers, 366;
non-litigious, 394;
do not build for posterity, 396;
dislike stamps, 398;
as sportsmen, 409

_Anglais, l'_, 2, 37, 141

Anglomania, 163

Anglo-Saxon, family likeness, the, 35, 432;
particularist spirit, 37;
versatility, 74;
spirit in America, 87, 244;
superiority, 118;
attitude towards women, 140;
ideals in education, 170;
a fighting race, 187;
ambition to be versatile, 205;
and Celt in politics, 254;
superior morality of, 349;
pluck and energy, 381;
the sporting instinct, 426

Anstey, F. L., his German professor, 156

Archer, Wm., on the Anglo-Saxon type, 38;
on the American's outlook on the world, 97;
on pressing clothes, 214

Architecture, American, 160

Aristocracy, in the U. S., 309;
the British disreputable, 338, 442

Arnold, Matthew, his judgment of Americans, 108;
his clothes, 108;
on American colleges, 167;
on American newspapers, 177;
on generals as booksellers, 185

Art, American, 160;
feminine knowledge of, 182

Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad, the, 363

Athletics in England and America, 420

Atlantis, a new, 94

B

Baldwin, W. H., 305

Banks, American and English, 383

Barnard College, 142

Bears, bickering with, 381

Bell-cord, divination by the, 363

Benedick and Beatrice, 429

Bonds, recoiling from, 236

Books, advantage of reading, 172;
ease of buying, in America, 174;
prices of, 175;
publishing American, in England, 221

Booksellers as soldiers, 185

Bosses in politics, 239, 252, 274

Boston, culture of, 195, 219

Botticelli, 185

Brewers as gentlemen, 315

Bribery in American politics, 234

"British," hatred of the name, 57

British bondholders, 52

British commerce, 52

British Empire, American misunderstanding of, 20, 112, 151, 435;
its size, 437;
its beauty, 447

Bryan, W. J., first nomination of, 234, 273;
and W. R. Hearst, 283

Bryce, James, on American electoral system, 247;
on State sovereignty, 262;
on political corruption, 279;
on the U. S. Senate, 287

Buffalo in New York, 416

Buildings, tall, built in sections, 368

Burke, Edward, in Ireland, 101;
indictment against a whole people, 101

Business, as a career, 317;
its effect on mentality, 318;
the romance of American, 319;
frauds in, 324;
the tendency of modern, to consolidations, 330;
speculation in America, 386;
less ruthless in America, 388;
slipshod, 395;
principles of modern, 404

C

California, the Japanese in, 263, 287

Cambon, M. Paul, 139

Campbell, Wilfred, in England, 92

Canada, American investments in, 379

Canadian opinion of England, 92;
resemblance to Americans, 379

Carlyle, Thomas, 190

Caruso, Signor, 384

Celts, non-Anglo-Saxon, 254

Century Club, the, 103

_Champagne Standard, The_, 147

Chaperons, 381, 393

Chatham and American manufactures, 375

Cheques, cashing, 383

Chicago, pride in itself, 163;
pigs in, 177

Civil War, the navy in the, 64;
causes of, 11;
magnitude of, 186;
its value to the people, 188, 218

Classics, American reprints of English, 174

Cleveland, Grover, on Venezuela, 43, 109

Climate, the English, 121, 350

Co-education, its effect on the sexes, 127;
in America, 142

Colonies, destiny of British, 94

Colquhoun, A. R., 113

Commercial morality, 308

Concord school, the, 157

Congress, corruption in, 244;
compared with Parliament, 246, 249;
more honest than supposed, 252;
powers of, 289;
best men excluded from, 345

Congressmen, how influenced, 247, 251;
how elected, 247;
log-rolling among, 249;
hampered by the Constitution, 402

Conkling, Roscoe, 148

Constitution, U. S., growth of, 6;
interpretation of, 288;
and Congress, 402

Consular service, the American, 78

Contract, a proposed international, 338

Convention, a National Liberal, 270

Copyright laws, English, faulty, 221

Corporations, Mr. Roosevelt and the, 296;
persecuted by individual States, 403

Corruption, in municipal affairs, 232, 239, 242;
in national affairs, 234;
in State legislatures, 235;
in English counties, 237;
in Congress, 244;
in the railway service, 361

Court, U. S. Supreme, 400

Criticism, English, of America, 116, 157;
American, of England, 117

Croker, Richard, 278

Cromwell as a fertiliser, 190

Crooks, William, elected Premier, 271

Crosland, W. H., 88

Cuba as a cause of war, 12

Cyrano de Bergerac, 196, 202

D

Debtors favoured by laws, 403

Democrats correspond to Liberals, 256

Demolins, Edmond, on Anglo-Saxon superiority, 2;
on _l'Anglais_, 37

Doctor, the making of a, 69

"Dog eat dog," 388

Domestic and imported goods, 163

Drama, the, in England and America, 201

Drunkenness, in London, 131

Dunne, F. P., 154

E

Education, in England and America, 166;
object of American, 193

Elections, purity of, 229 (note);
municipal, 239;
to Congress, 241;
of a Prime Minister, 265;
the last English general, 274;
virulence of American, 281

Electric light, towns lighted by, 367

Embalmed beef scandals, 341

Emerson, R. W., on the Civil War, 188;
the apostle of the individual, 382

English-made goods, 365, 373

English society, changes in, 314

English "style" in printing, 221

Englishmen, local varieties of, 85;
effect of expansion on, 95;
feeling of, toward Americans, 99, 434;
as specialists, 105;
dropping their H's, 106;
check-suited, 108;
their cosmopolitanism, 114;
as husbands, 123;
insularity of, 145;
as grumblers, 149;
lecturing, 195;
as linguists, 206;
study of antiquity, 208;
careless of speech, 220;
in American politics, 226;
in English politics, 231;
political integrity of, 238, 278;
and business, 321;
misunderstand American people, 347;
the world's admiration of, 349;
religious feeling in, 353;
sense of honour in, 359;
commercial morality of, 365;
distrust American industrial stability, 371;
as investors in U. S. and Canada, 379;
slowness of, 380;
as sportsmen, 415;
admirable qualities of, 448

European plan, the, 104

Exhibition, an American, in London, 161

F

Federal Government, the, and Illinois, 262;
and Louisiana, 262;
and California, 263;
powers of, 288

Federalism, progress of, in America, 217

Feminism, 139

Ferguson, 133

_Fliegende Blaetter_, 153

Football in England, 412

Foreign elements in the American people, 58, 80, 82, 138, 226

Forty-fourth Regiment, the, 40

France, England's _entente_ with, 8;
and American commerce, 378

Franklin, Benjamin, his _Autobiography_, 157;
and English political morality, 280

Frauds in American business, 324

Free silver, poison, the, 235;
campaign of 1896, 280

Freeman, E. A., on the Englishman of America, 42

Frenchmen, opinions of, 2, 36, 37, 92, 139, 177, 378;
attitude towards women, 120;
towards learning, 205

Frontier life, as a discipline, 72, 381

G

_Gentleman_, Bismarck's _parole de_, 234

Gentlemen, brewers as, 315;
and business men, 316;
in sport, 420

Gentlemen's agreement, the, 354

George, Lloyd, 334

Germans, outnumber Irish in N. Y., 58;
attitude toward women, 120, 140;
humour of, 153;
laboriousness of, 205;
in politics, 226, 255;
as judges of honesty, 351 (note);
in sport, 426

Germany, ambitions of, 29;
Monroe Doctrine aimed at, 46

Gibson, C. D., 160

Girl, the American, 130

Gladstone, W. E., American admiration for, 167;
on Japan, 205

Golf, the power of, 409

Granger agitation, the, 298

Gravel-pit, politics in a, 282

Great Britain, peaceful disposition of, 8, 23;
pride of, 14, 61;
desires alliance with U. S., 19;
American hostility to, in 1895, 46;
its nearness to America geographically, 50;
commercially, 52;
historically, 54;
America's only enemy, 55;
its army in S. Africa, 75;
diversity of tongues in, 85;
Norman influence in, 87;
Canadian opinion of, 92;
miraculously enlarged, 94;
insularity of, 145;
luck of, 149;
cannot be judged from London, 150;
class distinctions disappearing, 212;
politics in, 231;
municipal bosses in, 232;
American conditions transplanted to, 237, 266;
electing a Prime Minister in, 270;
municipal politics in, 279;
becoming democratised, 314;
a creditor nation, 323;
trust-ridden, 329;
wealth of, 386;
solicitor-cursed, 393;
as the mother of sports, 414;
preoccupation of, 433

"Grieg, the American," 200

H

Hague, Conference at The, 17

Hanotaux, Gabriel, on American commerce, 378

Harrison, Benjamin, 47

Hays, C. M., 310

Hearst, W. R., and England, 46;
bad influence of, 282;
inventor of the yellow press, 342 (note)

Hell-box, the, 281

Helleu, Paul, 196

Higginson, T. W., on American temperament, 2

Hill, James J., 310

Hoar, U. S. Senator, on England, 1;
on the hatred of the British, 57

Homer as a Tory, 257

Homogeneousness of the American people, 83, 211, 451

Hotel, the Fifth Avenue, 122

Hotels, ladies' entrances to, 120

Howells, W. D., 147

Hughitt, Marvin, 311, 359

Humour, American and English, 152

I

Ideals, American devotion to, 10

Illinois and the Federal Government, 262

Immigration problem, the, 81

India, 112

Indians, red, regard of, for Englishmen, 349;
in the war of Independence, 350 (note);
Turkish baths of, 363

Individuality, American insistence on, 382, 391

Insularity, English and American, 145

International sentiments, how formed, 291

Ireland, Burke's feeling for, 101

Irish, the influence of, against England, 58, 444;
attitude towards women, 140;
vote in politics, 227;
as a corrupting influence, 252;
non-Anglo-Saxon, 254;
lack independence, 255;
in New York, 277

Irving, Washington, on frontiersmen, 381

Italians, in municipal politics, 241, 253;
lynched in New Orleans, 262

J

James, Henry, 155

Japan, England's alliance with, 8;
its eclectic method, 193;
Mr. Gladstone on, 205;
and California, 263, 287;
tin-tacks for, 375

Japanese, in California, 263;
British admiration of, 351;
watering their horses, 367;
as "John," 376

Johnson, Samuel, 132

Joint purses, 332

Jonson, Ben, 215

Justice in American courts, 400

K

King George men, 349

Kipling, Rudyard, his "type-writer girl," 132;
"The Sea Wife," 187;
"The Monkey-Puzzler," 380;
"An Error in the Fourth Dimension," 408

L

La Farge, John, 103, 161

Lang, Andrew, on Americanisms, 221

Law, Bonar, 334

Legislators must read and write, 71

Legislatures, quality of American State, 79, 401

Letters, two, 389

Lewis, Alfred Henry, 154

Liberals, English, and Democrats, 256;
influence of, on American thought, 346

"Liberty, that damned absurd word," 10

_Life_, New York, 129, 162

Literature, English ignorance of American, 157

Litigation, American dislike of, 394

"Live and let live," 388

Lobbyists, 244

Locomotives, temporary and permanent, 396

Log-rolling, 249

London, foreign affairs in, 114;
Strand improvements, 151;
"raining in," 163;
a Tammany Hall in, 232

Lord, Englishmen's love of a, 309

Lords, the House of, and the U. S. Senate, 313;
a defence of, 342

Louisiana and the Federal Government, 262

Loyal Legion, the, 187, 189

Luck, English belief in, 108

Lying, American ability in, 352

Lynchings, 302

M

MacDowell, Edward, 200

Mafia in New Orleans, 263

Magazines, American, 160, 171, 180

Mansfield, Richard, 202

Max O'Rell, on John Bull and Jonathan, 36, 92;
on American newspapers, 177

Merchant marine, the American, 63

Mexico, possible annexation of, 27

Mining camp life, 70, 132

"Molly-be-damned," 134

Monopolies, artificial and natural, 407

Moore, _Zeluco_, 119

Morality, of the two people, sexual, 120;
political, _see under_ Corruption;
commercial, 308, 400;
sporting, 426

Morgan, Pierpont, 358

Mormons and ants, 214

Morris, Clara, 201

Mount Stephen, Lord, 310

Municipal politics, 231, 239, 242

Muensterberg, Hugo, on England, 36;
on American commercial ethics, 351;
on sport, 426

Music in England and America, 198

N

N---- G----, 125

Navarro, Madame de, 201

Navigating, how to learn, 70

Navy, the American, 62

Negro problem, the, 301

New Orleans, battle of, 41;
the Mafia in, 263

New York, not typically American, 72;
proud of London, 163;
culture of, 219;
Irish influence in, 256;
in national politics, 277

Newspapers, American and English, 177;
sensationalism in, 326;
peculiarities of American, 340

Norman influence in England, 87

Northern Pacific Railroad, the, 361

Norton, James, 163

O

Operas, American knowledge of, 198

Opportunity, America and, 387

Oxenstiern, Count, 149

Oxford, value of, 169

P

Packing-house scandals, 326

Panic, financial, the, of 1907, 325, 402

Parliament, railway influence in, 246;
compared with Congress, 249, 344

Parsnips, 102

Parties, the two great, in America, 256;
interdependence of national and local organisations, 264

Patronage, party, 265

Peace, universal, the possibility of, 13, 32, 431

Peerage, an American, 310;
democracy of the British, 316;
morals of, 338

Pheasants in London, 416

Philadelphia, corruption in, 252

Philistinism in England and America, 185

Pigs, in Chicago, 177;
how to roast, 372

Pilgrims, the Society of, 47

Platform in American sense, 215

Poet's Corner, 132

Police, corruption through the, 232

Politics, American, the foreign vote in, 227, 443;
the "best people" in, 228, 441;
what it means in America, 230;
municipal, 231;
Republican and Democrat, meaning of, 256;
national and municipal, 264;
President Roosevelt in, 300

Polo, American, 412

Pooling, railway, 332, 357

Poppycock, 426

Postal laws, 171

Posters, American humour and, 155

Presidency, Mr. Roosevelt and the, 293

Protection, policy of, 65, 245, 253

Publishers, American and English, 222

_Punch_, London, 152, 198

Putnam, Herbert, and H. G. Wells, 93

R

Railways, oppression of, by States, 297, 403;
pooling by, 332;
working agreements in English, 333;
English and American attitude towards, contrasted, 334;
morality on American, 355;
and English, 359;
peculation on, 361;
and the Standard Oil Co., 392

Reed, E. T., 154

Reich, Dr. Emil, 126

Religious feeling of the two peoples, 353

Re-mount scandal, 341

Representative system, the, 247

Republican party, the, in Philadelphia, 252;
corresponds to English conservatives, 256

Reverence, American lack of, 48, 76

Rhodes, Cecil, 319

Rhodes scholarships, 166

River and harbour bills, 249

Robin, the American, 215

Robinson, Philip, on Chicago, 177

Rodin, A., 196

Roman Catholic Church in relation to women, 140

Roosevelt, imaginary telegram from, 16;
and the merchant marine, 66;
and purity of elections, 229 (note);
and post-route doctrine, 290;
his influence for good, 293;
his commonplace virtues, 293 (note);
inventor of the "'fraid strap," 294;
"Teddy" or "Theodore," 295;
an aristocrat, 295;
and the corporations, 296;
misrepresentation of, 298;
as a politician, 300;
his imperiousness, 301;
and the negro problem, 305;
and wealth, 336;
as peacemaker, 445

Rostand, M. E., 196

Ruskin, John, price of his books, 175;
on America's lack of castles, 191;
on Tories, 257

Russia, England's agreement with, 8

S

S---- B----, the Hon., 108

Sailors, British and American, fraternise, 39;
Americans as, 63

Schools, American, 170;
English, 176

Schurz, Carl, on American intelligence, 2

Schuyler, Montgomery, 103

Scotland, religious feeling in, 354

Sea-wife's sons, the, 187

Senate, the, its place in the Constitution, 286;
treaty-making power of, 287;
and the House of Lords, 313

Sepoys, blown from cannon, 112

Shakespeare in America, 195

Shaw, Albert, 451

Ship subsidies, 64

Shooting in America, 418

Sky-scrapers, 368

Speculation in America, 387

Smith, Sydney, on women speaking, 79

Society, American, mixed, 182, 442

Soldiers, American and British, in China, 39;
compared, 61;
material for, in U. S., 75;
British, in S. Africa, 75;
as farm hands, 186;
as Presidents, 187

Solicitors, 393

South, the dying spirit of the, 306

Southerners, in Northern States, 228;
lynchings by, 303

Spanish war, the, reasons for, 11;
England's feeling in, 60;
effect on the American people, 113

Sparks, Edwin E., on frontiersmen, 382

Speech, uniformity of American, 85;
American and English compared, 209, 219;
purism in, 219

Sport, amateur, in America, 409

Stage, the American, 201

Stamp tax, American dislike of, 398

Stamped paper, 398

Standard Oil Co., 391

State legislatures, corruption in, 235;
shortcomings of, 401

States, governments of the, 260;
sovereignty of, 261, 285, 290;
and English counties, 264 (note);
justice in, 401

Steel, American competition in, 375

Steevens, G. W., on Anglo-American alliance, 3;
on American feeling for England, 100

Stenographers as hostesses, 132

Stevenson, R. L., on American speech, 85

Strap, the 'fraid, 294

Strathcona and Mount Royal, Lord, 310

Style, American and English literary, 221

Superficiality of Americans, 193, 204

Surveyor, the making of a, 69

T

_Table d'hote_ in America, 104

Tammany Hall, 278

Taxes, corrupt assessment of, 242

Thackeray, W. M., on Anglo-American friendship, 1

Thomas, Miss M. Carey, 143

Thoreau, his _Walden_, 157

Throne, the British, as a democratic force, 335

Tin-tacks for Japan, 375

Travis, W. J., 408

Treaties, inability of U. S. to enforce, 263, 285;
how made in America, 286

Truesdale, W. H., 359

Trusts, Mr. Roosevelt and the, 295;
in England and America, 329, 334, 391;
beneficial, 406

U

Unit rule, the, 267, 270

United States, the, has become a world-power, 6;
in danger of war, 8;
power of, 14;
expansion of, 24;
further from England than England from it, 50;
the future of, 90;
size of, 94;
the equal of Great Britain, 163;
unification of, 217;
politics in, 227;
Congress of, 244;
and Italy, 262;
and Japan, 263;
its treaty relations with other powers, 286;
a peerage in, 310;
its reckless youth, 323;
has sown its wild oats, 324;
growth of, 364;
commercial power of, 371;
a debtor nation, 384

Universities, American and English, 167

Usurpation by the general government, 289

V

Van Horne, Sir William, 310

Venezuelan incident, the, 43, 156

Verestschagin, Vasili, 197, 202

Vigilance Committees, 302, 364

Vote, foreign in America, the, 227

Voting, premature, 227

W

Wall Street methods, 326

War stores scandal, 341

Washington, Booker, 305

Wealth, President Roosevelt and, 296;
its diffusion in America, 330;
no counterpoise to, in U. S., 335;
purchasing power of, in England and America, 335 (note);
prejudice against, 403

Wells, H. G., on American "sense of the State," 89;
on the lack of an upper class in America, 309 (note);
on trade, 404

West, the feeling of, for the East, 73;
English ignorance of, 200;
Yankee distrust of, 369

West Indies, transfer to the U. S., 32

West Point, incident at, 41

Whiskey and literature, 175

Wild-fowling, 418

Winter, E. W., 359

Woman, an American, in England, 103;
in Westminster Abbey, 132;
in a mining camp, 133;
on a train, 134

Women, American attitude toward, 119 _sqq._;
in the streets of cities, 120;
English, in America, 122;
English treatment of, 123;
the morality of married, 129;
adaptability of American, 137;
their share in civic life, 137;
Anglo-Saxon attitude toward, 140;
effect of co-education on, 143;
culture of American, 182;
musical knowledge of American, 198

_World_, the N. Y., 342 (note)

Y

Yankee, the real, 369;
earls, 440

Yellow press, the, 327, 340, 342 (note)

TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES

The following words use an oe ligature in the original:

manoeuvres phoenixes

The following corrections have been made to the text:

Page 85: the Americans _homogeneous_[original has
_homoeogeneous_] over a much larger

Page 101: Americans will protest against being called[original
has call] a homogeneous

Page 118: It is less offensive than[original has that] the
mature

Page 153: Englishmen do not know the meaning of a
joke.[153:1][Footnote anchor is missing in original]

Page 153: the clubs of Great Britain[original has Britian]

Page 208: he has not entire right to the best
wherever[original has where-ever hyphenated across a line
break] he may find it

Page 252: a stranger is[original has as] likely to get the
idea

Page 321: conditions of business are widely different.[period
is missing in original]

Page 354: copies of the famous "Gentleman's
Agreement,"[original has single quote]

Page 389: "[quotation mark missing in original]DEAR A.:

Page 453, under the entry for American people,
eclecticism,[comma missing in original] 194

Page 457: Helleu[original has Hellen], Paul, 196

Footnote 287-1: _The American Commonwealth_, vol. 1[original
has extraneous period], page 110

On page 193, the original reads "... be able to remember when the _Daily Telegraph_ created, by appealing...." There should be a word of explanation after "created".