Chapter I: Front Matter

THE TWO SPIES

NATHAN HALE AND JOHN ANDRÉ

BY
BENSON J. LOSSING, LL. D.

_ILLUSTRATED WITH PEN-AND-INK SKETCHES BY H. ROSA_

ANNA SEWARD'S MONODY ON MAJOR ANDRÉ

NEW YORK:
D. APPLETON AND COMPANY,
72 FIFTH AVENUE.

1897.

Copyright, 1886,
By D. APPLETON AND COMPANY.

FORETALK.

This little volume contains a brief account of the most important events in the life-career of two notable spies in our War for Independence, NATHAN HALE and JOHN ANDRÉ. They were both young men, well educated, endowed with genius and ability for conspicuous achievements, brave and accomplished soldiers, pure and virtuous in private character, truthful, manly, refined in thoughts and manners, handsome in person, lovely in disposition, and beloved by all who knew them.

Yet they were spies!

"Spies," says Vattel, "are generally condemned to capital punishment, and not unjustly, there being scarcely any other way of preventing the mischief which they may do. For this reason a man of honor, who would not expose himself to die by the hand of a common executioner, ever declines serving as a spy. He considers it beneath him, as it can seldom be done without some kind of treachery."

May not a spy be a man of lofty honor, and act under the inspiration of disinterested patriotism? Stratagem, an artifice or scheme for deceiving an enemy in war, is regarded as honorable, but is it not seldom exercised "without some kind of treachery"?

It is the _motive_ which gives true character to the deed. When the motive is a purely mercenary one, the deed is dishonorable; when it is the lofty one of a desire to serve one's country or his race, unselfishly, the act is certainly honorable. Nathan Hale truthfully said, "Every kind of service necessary for the public good becomes honorable by being necessary."

The motives of the two spies were expressed by themselves. Hale said: "I wish to be useful. If the exigencies of my country demand a peculiar service, its claims to the performance of that service are imperious." André avowed that in the enterprise in which he was engaged all he sought "was military glory, the applause of his king and country, and, perhaps, a brigadiership."

The last words uttered by André under the gibbet indicated that his supreme thought at that moment was of _himself_. He said to the American officers present, "I request you, gentlemen, that you will bear me witness to the world that I die like a brave man." Hale's last words upon the ladder indicated that his supreme thought at that moment was of his _country_. He said, "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country!"

In 1856 a "Life of Captain Nathan Hale," by I.W. Stuart, was published at Hartford, in a small volume of 230 pages. In 1861 "The Life and Career of Major John André," by Winthrop Sargeant, was published at Boston in a small octavo volume of nearly 500 pages. It is an exhaustive work. To these two books I acknowledge much indebtedness.

The spirited pen-and-ink sketches which illustrate this little volume were largely copied from original drawings by the author; also from other original drawings and autographs. The two pictures, _Cunningham destroying Hale's Letters_, and _The Tournament_, are original designs by the artist.

This volume contains the full text of André's "Cow-Chase," and the famous "Monody on Major André," by Miss Anna Seward, with a portrait and a brief biographical sketch of the author; also three characteristic letters written by André to Miss Seward, when he was a youth of eighteen. The "Monody," I believe, has never been published in America.

B.J.L.

The Ridge, _April, 1886_.

CONTENTS.

NATHAN HALE.

CHAPTER I.
PAGE

Hale's Birthplace and Parentage.--The Hale Family 3

Hale's Youthhood and Education 4

Dr. Munson's Recollections of him 5

Hale at Yale College and as a School-teacher 7

Patriotism of 8, 9

His Military Career at Boston and New York 9-12

CHAPTER II.

The American Army at New York 12, 13

A Man for Secret Service sought 18

Hale's Idea of the Service; he volunteers 14

His Career as a Spy 15-20

His Arrest 17

Taken to General Howe's Headquarters 19

Sentenced to be hanged without Trial.--Great Fire in New York 20

CHAPTER III.

Hale at the Place of Execution 21

Cruelly treated by Cunningham, the Provost-Marshal 22

His Last Words 23

Sympathy, expressed; his Execution 24

Monumental Memorials of Hale 25-27

Literary Contributions to his Memory 27-31

Tribute to Hale by Henry J. Raymond 31

Proposed Monument in Memory of Hale at New York 33

Proposed Epitaph 34

JOHN ANDRÉ.

CHAPTER I.

André's Birth, Parentage, Education, and Family 37

His Acquaintance with Anna Seward and her Literary Friends 38

His Betrothal to Honora Sneyd 40

His Correspondence with Miss Seward 41

Enters the Army 42

Presaging Omens 42, 43

André goes to America 43

Made a Prisoner 44

At Philadelphia--his Accomplishments and Captivating Manners 45

Lord Howe entertained 45

CHAPTER II.

The Mischianza described by André 46-59

CHAPTER III.

The Mischianza and the Character of General Howe criticised 59, 60

The British fly from Philadelphia toward New York, General Clinton in
Command.--Battle of Monmouth 60

Expedition to Rhode Island 61

André's Genius and Social Position 62

His Letter to Benedict Arnold's Wife 63

Arnold's Career in Philadelphia 63, 64

His Treasonable Correspondence with Sir Henry Clinton and André 64, 65

André a Spy in Charleston 66

Arnold's Premeditated Treason.--Occasion of "The Cow-Chase" 67

CHAPTER IV.

"The Cow-Chase" 68