Chapter XXVII: Appendix: IX

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TONNAGE CONSTRUCTED BY ALLIED AND NEUTRAL NATIONS SINCE AUGUST, 1914

Construction of merchant shipping is shown in the following table, which gives tonnage completed since the beginning of the war for the United Kingdom, United States, and for other Allied and Neutral Nations.

================+===========+============+============+============ | United | United |Other Allied| Period. | Kingdom. | States. |and Neutral.|World Total. |Gross tons.|Gross tons. |Gross tons. |Gross tons. ----------------+-----------+------------+------------+------------ 1914 | 675,610 | 120,000[1]| 217,310 | 1,012,920 1915 | 650,919 | 225,122 | 325,959 | 1,202,000 1916 | 541,552 | 325,413 | 821,036 | 1,688,000 1917 | 1,163,474 |1,034,296 | 505,585 | 2,703,355 ----------------+-----------+------------+------------+------------ 1918 1st quarter| 320,280 | 328,541 | 220,496 | 869,317 2nd quarter| 442,966 | 559,939 | 240,369 | 1,243,274 3rd quarter| 411,395 | 834,250 | 232,127 | 1,477,772 October | 136,100 | 357,532[1]| 50,000 | 543,632 ----------------+-----------+------------+------------+------------ 1918 (10 months)| 1,310,741 |2,080,262 | 742,992 | 4,133,995 ----------------+-----------+------------+------------+------------ [1: Estimated.]

INDEX

_Aboukir_, _Hogue_ and _Cressy_ torpedoed by _U-29_, 84, 174

_Achates_, with convoy, 122

_Active_, flagship of Vice-Adm. Bayly, 58

Adams, Ensign Ashley D., in charge of subchaser units, 191

Aircraft against submarines, 275

_Alcock_, goes to relief of sinking mystery ship _Dunraven_, 163

Allied Naval Council, value of, 218

Amberger, Kapitaen-Leutnant Gustav, of _U-58_, captured, 131;
comment on treatment, 134

American forces in European waters, 204

Anti-submarine craft, use of, 26

Anti-submarine devices, search for, 8

_Arkansas_, on duty with the Grand Fleet, 303

Arming of merchant vessels, 25

_Aroostook_, mine-layer, 254, 264

_Aubrietia_, mystery ship, heading convoy, 118;
sights submarine, 121

_Audacious_, sunk by mine, 174

Aviation, naval, development of, 282;
extent at time of armistice, 286

Babcock, Commr. J. V., sails with Adm. Sims as aide, 2;
at London headquarters, 205, 212, 214

_Badger_ in bombardment of Durazzo, 200

Bagley, Lt.-Commr. D. W., highly commended, 139

Baillargeon, J. C, volunteers services at London headquarters, 206

Baldwin Locomotive Works, constructors of the U.S. mobile railway
batteries, 290

Balfour, Arthur James, discussion of submarine situation with, 9;
with Commission to the United States, 9;
advises Washington of critical submarine situation, 39

_Baltimore_, converted as mine-layer, 252, 261, 264

_Basilisk_, assisted by yacht _Lydonia_, sinks submarine, 136

Bassett, Capt. F. B., commanding the _Utah_, 305

Bastedo, Lt.-Commr. Paul H., in bombardment of Durazzo, 199, 201

Bayly, Vice-Adm. Lewis, letter of welcome to Commr. Taussig, 45;
welcome to Americans at Queenstown, 46;
instructs Americans as to duties, 49;
characteristics, 52;
meets _Fanning_ and congratulates officers and men on capture of
submarine crew, 133;
message commending American forces at Queenstown, 140;
introduces Capt. G. Campbell of the "mystery ship," 142;
has difficulty in identifying one such ship, 151

Beach, Capt. E. L., with the Grand Fleet, 303

Beatty, Adm. Sir David, attitude toward torpedo flags, 217;
farewell speech to American Squadron, 304

Belknap, Capt. Reginald R., commanding mine-laying squadron, 252, 260, 264

_Benham_, highly commended, 139

Berrien, Commr. Frank D., commanding destroyer division, 129;
highly commended, 139

"Big Bertha," American naval guns sent to destroy, 290

Billings, A. W. K., great work in connection with air service, 285

_Birmingham_, at Gibraltar, 134

Blakely, Lt.-Commr. C. A., highly commended, 139

Blakeslee, Lt.-Commr. E. G., at London headquarters, 212

Blue, Capt. Victor, with the Grand Fleet, 303

Boyd, Capt. David F., good work in convoying subchasers, 178

Brest, as destroyer base, 134, 300

Brindisi, rendezvous for attack on Durazzo, 200

Briscoe, Lt.-Commr. Benjamin, work on air service stations, 285

Bristol, Capt. M. L., commanding the _Oklahoma_, 305

British Admiralty, commends work of U.S. aviation pilots, 286

British Fleet, not in control of the seas, 16;
at Scapa Flow, 28

_Broke_, sinks two German destroyers, 61

Browne, Ralph C, new type of submarine mine, 250

Bruges, submarine base, 19

Bullard, Capt. W. H. G., with the Grand Fleet, 303

Bumstead, Prof. H. A., at London headquarters, 213

_Bunker Hill_, converted as mine-layer, 254

Bushnell, David, inventor of submarine, 225

Butler, Capt. H. V., with mine-laying squadron, 264

Callan, Lt.-Commr. J. L., in charge of U.S. air forces in Italy, 284

Campbell, Capt. Gordon, at Queenstown, 58;
exploits with mystery ships, 142;
with "mystery ship" _Pargust_, 147;
technique of operation, 148;
heroism on _Dunraven_, 157;
letter from Adm. Sims on _Dunraven_ exploit, 164

_Canandaigua_, mine-layer, 254, 260, 264

_Canonicus_, mine-layer, 254, 260, 264

Carpender, Lt. A. S., in command of _Fanning_, when submarine crew was
captured, 132;
receives D.S.O., 134

Carson, Sir Edward, discussion of submarine, 9;
of convoy system, 95

Cecil, Lord Robert, on submarine situation with, 9

_Centurion_, in China, commanded by Jellicoe, 43

_Christabel_, encounter with submarine, 127

_Christopher_, goes to relief of sinking mystery ship _Dunraven_, 163

Christy, Capt. H. H., with the Grand Fleet, 303

Churchill, Rt. Hon. W., "digging the rats out of their holes," 246

Clinton-Baker, Rear-Adm., in command of British mine-laying operations,
257

Cluverius, Capt. W. T., with mine-laying squadron, 264

Cole, Capt. W. C., commanding the Nevada, 305

College boys and subchasers, 168

Commerce raiders, guarding against, 94, 112

Cone, Capt. Hutch I., at London headquarters, 212, 214;
organizer American air forces, 284;
severely injured on torpedoed _Leinster_, 285

Conner, Francis G., jumps overboard from _Fanning_ to save drowning
German from crew of submarine, 132

Convoy of shipping to Scandinavia, 22

Convoy system, ancient use of, 86;
merchant captains hostile to, 88, 93;
Gibraltar experiment, 96;
merchant captains won over, 96;
the headquarters and staff, 103;
details of operation, 103, 108;
routing of the convoys, 110, 116;
actual convoys described, 117;
success of system, 136;
relative parts taken by Great Britain and the United States, 138;
most important agency in winning the war, 141

_Conyngham_, in first American destroyer contingent, 42;
with convoy, 122, 124;
destroys submarine, 125

Copeland, D. G., great work in connection with air service, 285

Corfu, subchaser base established at, 182;
detachment performing excellent service, 194

Cork, American destroyer officers make state visit to, 48;
sailors not permitted to visit, 71

Cotten, Capt. Lyman A., with subchasers, arrives at Plymouth, 177;
work in training subchaser crews, 178;
commanding subchaser squadrons, 182

Craven, Capt. T. T., great service in aviation, 283

Crenshaw, Capt. Arthur, good work in convoying subchasers, 178

_Cressy_, _Aboukir_ and _Hogue_ torpedoed by _U-29_, 84, 174

Cronan, Capt. William P., work in training subchaser crews, 178

_Cumberland_, escorting convoy, 119, 123

Cunningham, Major A. A., commanding Marine Corps aviation in Northern
Bombing Group, 285

_Cushing_, at Queenstown, 139;
deceived by "mystery ship," 147

_Danae_, attempt to torpedo, 128

Daniels, Secretary of War, instructs Adm. Sims to sail for England, 1

_Dartmouth_, in attack on Durazzo, 199

_Davis_, in first American destroyer contingent, 42

Davison, Trubee, organizer Yale aviation unit, recommended for
Distinguished Service Medal, 282

De Bon, Vice-Adm., Chief of French Naval Staff, 221

De Steiguer, Capt. L. R., with the Grand Fleet, 303

_Decatur_, at Gibraltar, 135

Defrees, Capt. Joseph H., work on listening devices, 178

_Delaware_, on duty with Grand Fleet, 303

Depth charge, origin of, 78;
effects of on submarines, 79

Destroyers, scarcity of in British navy, 28;
a new type of war vessel, their history, 75;
size and armament, 76;
high efficiency, 76;
how submarines are attacked, 82;
use of in convoying merchant vessels, 95

Destroyers, American, arrive in Queenstown, 40;
copy of sailing orders, 43;
compared with British, 48;
why placed under British Admiral at Queenstown, 61;
number of at Queenstown, 63;
enthusiasm of British public on arrival, 63;
"the return of the _Mayflower_," 64;
in action, 99;
duties of, 101

_Deutschland_, "merchant" submarine, visits Newport News, 266

Di Revel, Vice-Adm., Italian Member Allied Naval Council, 222

Dortch, Lt.-Commr. I. F., highly commended, 139

_Drayton_, highly commended, 139

Duff, Vice-Adm. Sir Alexander L., in charge of convoy system, 103

_Duncan_, American destroyer, at Queenstown, 57

Dunlap, Col. R. H., at London headquarters, 215

_Dunraven_, mystery ship, heroism of captain and crew, 157;
given Victoria Cross, 163, 164

Durazzo, bombardment of, 199

Earle, Rear-Adm., in charge of design of mobile railway batteries for
Western Front, 290

Edwards, Lt.-Commr. W. A., at London headquarters, 212, 214;
commands Yale aviation unit, 283;
succeeds Capt. Cone in charge of aviation section, 285

Evans, Capt. E. R. G. R., British liaison officer with American
destroyers, 44;
exploit as commander of destroyer _Broke_, 61

Evans, Capt. F. T., in command of U.S. aviation centre at Pauillac,
France, 284

Fairfield, Commr. Arthur P., with first American destroyer contingent, 42;
highly commended, 139

_Fanning_, captures crew of submarine, 129

Farquhar, Lt.-Commr., highly commended, 139

_Fenian Ram_, Holland's submarine, 227

Fighting submarines from the air, 275

Fisher, Adm. Sir John, in charge of department for investigating
anti-submarine devices, 8;
tells of American-built submarines, first to cross Atlantic, 266

Fletcher, Rear-Adm. Wm. B., commanding Brest naval base, 300

_Florida_, on duty with Grand Fleet, 303

Foster, Arnold-, on building of submarines, 228

Fullinwider, Commr. S. P., efforts in perfection of new submarine mine,
250

Fulton, Robert, efforts in developing the submarine, 226

Funakoshi, Rear-Adm., Japanese member Allied Naval Council, 222

Furer, Commr. Julius A., work in development of subchasers, 175

Gannon, Capt. Sinclair, with mine-laying squadron, 264

Gates, Lt.-Commr. A. L., exploits at Dunkirk, 288

Geddes, Sir Eric, First Lord of the Admiralty, 219

George, King, meeting with, 9;
popular with American sailors, 67

George, Lloyd, optimistic regarding submarine situation, 10;
on convoy system, 95

German interned ships converted into transports, 301

Gibraltar, co-operation of American navy with British in operations at,
134

Gillmor, R. E., volunteers services at London headquarters, 206

Gleaves, Rear-Adm. Albert, organization for transport fleet, 301

Glinder, Franz, drowned when crew surrendered to _Fanning_, 134;
buried with honours of war, 134

Good, P. F., volunteers services at London headquarters, 206

Goschen, Viscount, deemed submarine useless, 227

Graham, Capt. S. V., good work in convoying subchasers, 178

Grand Fleet, British, protected by destroyers, 73;
immune from torpedo attack, 85

Greenslade, Capt. J. W., with mine-laying squadron, 264

Hammon, Ensign C. H., exploit at Pola, 287

Hanrahan, Commr. David C., highly commended, 139;
commanding American mystery ship _Santee_, 166;
in command of Northern Bombing Group, 285

Harwell, Elxer, jumps overboard from _Fanning_ to save drowning German
from crew of submarine, 134

Helfferich, Dr. Karl, on effectiveness of the submarine, 14

Henry, Lt. Walter S., on _Fanning_, 130

Hepburn, Capt. Arthur J., work in training subchaser crews, 178;
commanding squadron of subchasers, reaches Queenstown, 203

_Hogue_, _Cressy_ and _Aboukir_, torpedoed by _U-29_, 84, 174

Holland, John P., designer of the modern submarine, 227

Hope, Rear-Adm., receives Adm. Sims on arrival, 2

Hospital ships, torpedoing of, 29

_Housatonic_, mine-layer, 254, 260, 264

Howard, Lt.-Commr. D. L., highly commended, 139

Hughes, Capt. C. F., with the Grand Fleet, 303

Inventions, anti-submarine, search for, 8

Inverness and Invergordon, mine-assembly bases at, 256

Ives, Ensign Paul F., drops a "dud" on deck of submarine, 286

_Jacob Jones_, torpedoed by _U-53_, 107;
highly commended, 139

Jacoby, Ensign Maclair, at bombardment of Durazzo, 201

Jellicoe, Adm., character and abilities, 5;
statement of tonnage lost to submarines, 6;
in conference with, 8;
wounded in Boxer Rebellion, 43;
letter of welcome to Commr. Taussig, 44;
difficulty in having convoy system adopted, 89, 95;
presides over Allied Naval Council, 219

Jessop, Capt. E. P., good work in convoying subchasers, 178

Johnson, Commr. Alfred W., with first American destroyer contingent, 42

Johnson, Capt. T. L., with mine-laying squadron, 264

_Justicia_, torpedoing of, 114;
torpedoing announced as that of _Leviathan_ by German Admiralty, 314

Kelly, Commodore, in bombardment of Durazzo, 198;
congratulates subchasers in this action, 203

Kennedy, Ensign S. C., record seaplane flight, 278

Keyes, Ensign K. B., extracts from seaplane flight report, 278

Keys, Adm. Sir Roger, reconstructs submarine barrage, 20

Killingholme, England, U.S. air station at, 278, 284

Kittredge, T. B., volunteers service at London headquarters, 206

Knox, Capt. D. W., at London headquarters, 215

_Kronprinzessin Cecilie_, converted into transport, 301

Lacaze, Adm., French Minister of Marine, 221

Leigh, Capt. Richard H., experiments with listening devices, 172;
sent to Italy to construct subchaser base, 182;
at London headquarters, 212, 214

Libbey, Commr. Miles A., work in perfection of listening devices, 178

Listening devices, development of, 171;
especially advantageous on subchaser, 178;
method of operation on subchasers, 184;
of great value in the Otranto barrage, 196;
tube climbed by submarine survivor, 197

Little, Col. L. McC., at London headquarters, 215

London headquarters, 204, 210;
different departments of, 212;
work of the Planning Section, 215

Long, Capt. A. T., commanding the _Nevada_, 305

Long, Capt. Byron A., at headquarters of convoy system, 103;
at London headquarters, 212, 214;
routing American troops to France, 300

Loomis, Coxswain David D., lookout on _Fanning_ when submarine crew was
captured, 129

Lord Mayor of Cork, welcomes Americans at Queenstown, 45

_Lowestoft_, in attack on Durazzo, 199

_Luckenback_, shelled by submarine, 123

Ludlow, Ensign G. H., wounded, rescued from water, 287

_Lydonia_, assists in sinking submarine, 136

Lyons, Lt.-Commr. D., highly commended, 139

MacDonnell, Lt.-Commr. E. O., in charge of flying Caproni bombers from
Italy to Flanders, 285

MacDougall, Capt. W. D., at London headquarters, 204

McBride, Capt. L. B., at London headquarters, 212, 214

McCalla, Capt., meets Adm. Jellicoe in China, 44

McCormick, E. H., volunteers services at London headquarters, 206

McCullough, Commr. Richard P., recommended for decoration, 136

_McDougal_, in first American destroyer contingent, 42;
highly commended, 139

McDowell, Commr. Clyde S., work on listening devices, 178

McGrann, Commr. W. H., at London headquarters, 212

McNamee, Capt. L., at London headquarters, 215

McVay, Capt. C. B., commanding the _Oklahoma_, 305

Magruder, Rear-Adm. T. P., good work in convoying subchasers, 178

Mannix, Commr. D. Pratt, with mine-laying squadron, 264

Marshall, Capt. A. W., with mine-laying squadron, 264

_Mary Rose_, welcomes American destroyers at Queenstown, 41

_Massachusetts_, converted as mine-layer, 254

_Melville_, "Mother Ship" of the destroyers at Queenstown, 58, 62

Millard, H., volunteers services at London headquarters, 206

Milner, Lord, on convoy system, 95

Mine barrage, at first not effective against submarines, 20, 24

Mine barrage in North Sea, American, 245;
immensity of, 252;
how laid, 257

Mine laying by German submarines, 51, 273, 274

Mines, Americans perfect new type, 250;
immense organization of supply and transport, 252

_Moewe_, commerce raider, 95

Murfin, Capt. Orin G., designer and builder of mine-assembly bases in
Scotland, 256

Mystery ships, greatly aid in combating the submarine, 103;
accompanying convoy, 118;
method of operating, 118;
operations of, 142;
technique, 148;
difficulty of identifying, 151;
number in operation, 152;
heroic fight of the _Dunraven_, 157;
exploit of _Prize_, 165;
American ship _Santee_, 166;
_Stockforce_ destroys submarine, 183

_Nautilus_, submarine of Robert Fulton, 226

Naval guns, German, bombarding Dunkirk and Paris, 290

Naval guns, U.S., used on the Western Front, 289

Nelson, Capt. C. P., good work in convoying subchasers, 178;
commanding subchaser squadrons at Corfu, 194;
in bombardment of Durazzo, 199, 200

_Neptune_ attacked by _U-29_, 84, 85

_Nevada_, guarding transports, 304

_New York_, on duty with Grand Fleet, 303

Niblack, Rear-Adm. Albert P., commanding forces at Gibraltar, 134;
asks that subchasers be sent to Gibraltar, 195

_Nicholson_, in submarine chase, 123;
on convoy duty, 129;
assists _Fanning_ in capture of submarine and crew, 130;
highly commended, 139

_Noma_, goes to relief of sinking mystery ship _Dunraven_, 163

Northern Bombing Group, established, 284, 285

_O'Brien_, highly commended, 163

Oil, scarcity of, for Great Britain's fleet, 34

_Oklahoma_, guarding transports, 305

_Orama_, torpedoed, 125

Ostend, bombing of submarine base at, 285

Otranto barrage, the, 181, 195

Page, Ambassador Walter Hines, asks that high naval representative be
sent to England, 1;
states that England faces defeat by submarines, 8;
on critical submarine situation, 38;
advised of submarine peril, 52;
a tower of strength, 207

_Pargust_, "mystery ship," destroys submarine, 147

_Parker_, in hunt for submarine, 119;
highly commended, 139;
supporting ship for subchasers at Plymouth, 182;
seriously damages the _U-53_, 189

Pauillac, France, U.S. aviation centre at, 284

_Pennsylvania_, transmits mobilization orders to destroyer division, 42

Pershing, Gen., request for naval guns at St. Nazaire, 290;
report of their skilful use, 293

Pescara, Italy, U.S. seaplane station at, 284

_Pisa_, in attack on Durazzo, 199

Pitt, William, early opinion of the submarine, 226

Planning Section at London headquarters, 215

Pleadwell, Capt. F. L., at London headquarters, 212

Plunkett, Adm. Charles P., commanding naval guns on Western Front, 289;
aids in designing mobile railway batteries, 290

Plymouth, subchaser base at, 182

_Pocahontas_, converted from German liner to transport, 302

_Porter_, in first American destroyer contingent, 42

Porto Corsini, Italy, U.S. seaplane station at, 284

Poteet, Lt.-Commr. Fred H., with first American destroyer contingent, 42

Potter, Ensign Stephen, fight with enemy seaplane, 288

Powell, Lt.-Commr. Halsey, of destroyer _Parker_, 119;
highly commended, 139

_Princess Irene_, converted into transport, 302

Pringle, Capt. J. R. P., at Queenstown, 58;
commended by Adm. Bayly, 139

_Prize_, mystery ship, damages submarine and captures captain and two of
crew, 165

Q-ships, _see_ Mystery ships

Queenstown, a destroyer base, 32;
arrival of first American destroyers, 40;
officially welcomes the Americans, 45

_Quinnebaug_, mine-layer, 254, 264

_Rene_, in westbound convoy, 129

Reynolds, Commr. W. H., with mine-laying squadron, 264

_Rhein_, converted into transport, 302

Richardson, R. M. D., volunteers services at London headquarters, 206

_Roanoke_, mine-layer, 254, 260, 264

Roberts, Lady, requests Adm. Sims to call, 66

Robison, Rear-Adm. S. S., work on listening devices, 178

Rodgers, Rear-Adm. Thomas S., commanding Dreadnought division in Bantry
Bay, 305

Rodman, Adm. Hugh, commanding American squadron with the Grand Fleet, 303

Rose, Hans, humane commander of the _U-53_, 106;
Allied forces ambitious to capture, 189;
not on _U-53_ when depth charged, 190;
visits Newport, and sinks merchantmen off Nantucket, 266

Royal Family, interested in American sailors, 67

_Sacramento_, at Gibraltar, 134

_San Diego_, sunk by mine off Fire Island, 274

_San Francisco_, converted as mine-layer, 252, 264

_San Giorgio_, in attack on Durazzo, 199

_San Marco_, in attack on Durazzo, 199

Sanders, Lt. William, commanding mystery ship _Prize_, 165;
awarded Victoria Cross, 165

_Santa Maria_, compared in size to modern destroyer, 76

_Santee_, U.S. mystery ship, 150, 166

_Saranac_, mine-layer, 254, 264

Scales, Capt. A. H., with the Grand Fleet, 303

Schieffelin, Lt. John J., recommended for Distinguished Service Medal, 277

Schofield, Capt. Frank H., work on listening devices, 178;
at London headquarters, 215

Schuyler, Commr. G. L., at London headquarters, 212

Schwab, Charles M., fabricates submarines for the Allies, 266

Seaplane base at Killingholme, England, taken over by U.S., 278

Seaplane stations of U.S. forces in Europe, 284

Sexton, Capt. W. R., at London headquarters, 212

_Shawmut_, mine-layer, 254, 264

Sims, Adm., ordered to England, 1;
notifies Washington that war is being lost, 33;
of the oil scarcity, 34;
favours using U.S. naval forces in conjunction with Allies, 35;
first report of critical submarine situation, 37;
extent of duties in European waters, 62;
significance of the Guildhall speech, 65;
reception accorded by British people, 66;
meets Lady Roberts, 66;
first foreign naval officer to command British forces in war, 68;
works for adoption of convoy system, 93, 95;
congratulates officers and men of _Fanning_ on capture of submarine
and crew, 134;
has difficulty in identifying a "mystery ship," 151;
letter to Capt. Campbell on _Dunraven_ exploit, 164;
warns Navy Department of German submarines visiting U.S. coast, 267

Sinn Fein, controversy with American sailors, 69; in league with Germany,
72

Smith, Capt. S. F., at London headquarters, 212

Sparrow, Capt. H. G., good work in convoying subchasers, 178

Stark, Commr. Harold R., brings small destroyers from Manila to
Gibraltar, 135;
at London headquarters, 212

Stearns, Capt. C. D., with mine-laying squadron. 264

_Sterrett_, highly commended, 139

Stevens, L. S., volunteers services at London headquarters, 206

_Stockforce_, mystery ship, destroys submarine, 183

Stockton, G. B., volunteers services at London headquarters, 206

Strauss, Rear-Adm. Joseph, in command of U.S. mine-laying operations, 257

Subchasers, number built and bases used, 168;
mobilized at New London, Conn., 173;
great numbers ordered by Great Britain and France, 174, 179;
hardships of the new crews, 176;
trip from New London to Corfu, 195;
an influence in the breakdown of Austria, 196;
in attack on Durazzo, 198;
congratulated on exploits of Durazzo by British Commodore and Italian
Naval General Staff, 203

Submarine against submarine, 224;
method of attack, 233

Submarine sinkings, gravity of, concealed by British, 2, 6;
losses of shipping, 51, 141

Submarines, American built, first to cross Atlantic, 267
really submersible surface ships, 229;
how operated, 229;
an American invention, 225

Submarines, American, their part in the war, 224;
attacked by destroyers through error, 236;
the base at Berehaven, 238;
witnesses U-boat destroy itself, 239

Submarines, British, the _H_-, _E_-, and _K_-boats, 224;
destroy a U-boat, 238

Submarines, enemy, winning the war, 4, 7;
number of, destroyed, 7;
officers exaggerate sinkings, 13;
difficulty of blockading the United States, 17;
cruising period dependent upon supply of torpedoes, 19;
mines and nets not effective against, 19;
number operating simultaneously, 20, 21, 31;
erroneous impression as to numbers operating, 20;
every movement charted by Allies, 21, 271, 273;
three different types of, 22;
plans to pen in the bases, 23;
playing hide and seek with destroyers, 33;
on American coast, 36, 266;
amount of shipping destroyed, 51;
how attacked by destroyer, 82;
method of attack on battleships, 84;
operating on American coast impracticable, 91;
individual locations and movements plotted each day, 104;
destroyed by depth charges, 126, 128, 130, 136;
decoying by "mystery ship," 142, 183;
not taken seriously until after Weddingen's exploit, 174;
concentrated in enclosed waters, 180;
the Otranto barrage, 181;
sinkings prevented by subchasers, 183;
how located by listening devices, 184;
_U-53_ seriously damaged by destroyer _Parker_, 189;
suicide of entire crew of a depth charged submarine, 193;
two submarines sunk by subchasers in bombardment of Durazzo, 202;
Germans have difficulty in reaching home after Austrian surrender, 203;
number destroyed by Allies and how, 224;
U-boat destroys itself, 239;
the cruiser submarines, 240;
their various bases, 244;
effectiveness of American North Sea mine barrage, 245;
lay mines on American coast, 273, 274;
aircraft an important factor against, 275;
number sunk about British Isles, 296;
forced to choose between transports and merchantmen, 306

_Surveyor_, yacht, assists in sinking submarine, 136

_Surveyor_, merchantmen torpedoed while being convoyed, 136

_Susquehanna_, converted from German liner to transport, 302

Swasey, A. Loring, services in designing of subchasers, 175

Taussig, Commr. Joseph K., in charge of first American destroyer
contingent, 42;
copy of sailing orders, 42;
previous record, 43;
welcoming letters from Admirals Jellicoe and Bayly, 44, 45;
reports to Vice-Adm. Bayly at Queenstown, 46;
highly commended, 139

Taylor, Capt. M. M., with the Grand Fleet, 303

_Texas_, on duty with Grand Fleet, 303

Thompson, Commr. Edgar, at London headquarters, 212

Thomson, Commr. T. A., at London headquarters, 212

Tobey, Capt. E. C., at London headquarters, 212, 214

Tomb, Capt. J. Harvey, with mine-laying squadron, 264

Tompkins, Capt. John T., work in organization of subchaser fleet, 178

Torpedo, track or wake made by, 81;
effective range of, 83;
duration of submarine's voyage dependent on number carried, 19;
supply limited, 26;
cost of, 77

Torpedo-boat, invention of, 76

Tozer, Capt. C. M., good work in convoying subchasers, 178

Transporting armies to France, 294;
nationality of ships and percentage carried, 302

_Turtle_, first submarine, 225

Twining, Capt. N. C., at London headquarters, 212, 213

_U-29_, torpedoes _Hogue_, _Cressy_ and _Aboukir_, and is later sunk by
_Dreadnought_, 84, 85

_U-53_, operates off American coast, 106;
torpedoes the _Jacob Jones_, 107;
seriously damaged by depth charges, 188;
surrendered after armistice, 190;
after visiting Newport, R.I., sinks several merchantmen, 266

_U-58_ depth charged and crew captured by _Fanning_ and _Nicholson_, 131

_U-151_, lays mines off American coast, 273

_U-156_, lays mines off American coast, 274

_UC-56_, practically destroyed by depth charge from _Christabel_, 128

_Utah_, guarding transports, 305

_Vaterland_, converted into transport, 301

Vauclain, Samuel M., great help in turning out mobile railway batteries,
290

_Venetia_, assists in sinking submarine, 136;
seriously damages another, 136

Voysey, Miss, niece of Vice-Adm. Bayly, and charming hostess, 59

_Wadsworth_, in first American destroyer contingent, 42;
highly commended, 139

_Wainwright_, in first American destroyer contingent, 42

Washington, Capt. Thomas, with the Grand Fleet, 303

Weatherhead, Ensign C. H., makes record seaplane flight, 278

Weddingen, Commr. Otto, torpedoes _Hogue_, _Cressy_ and _Aboukir_, and
is in turn sunk by battleship _Dreadnought_, 84, 174

_Welshman_, narrow escape from being torpedoed, 130, 133

_Weymouth_, in attack on Durazzo, 199

_Wheeling_, depth charges submarine, 136

White, Sir William, on the submarine, 225

Whiting, Commr. Kenneth, great service in aviation, 283

Wiley, Capt. H. A., with the Grand Fleet, 303

Wilhelm, Kaiser, on effectiveness of the submarine, 13

_Wilkes_, on submarine hunt with _Parker_, 189

Williams, Lt.-Commr. Roger, at Queenstown, 57

Wilson, Rear-Adm. Henry B., commander of forces at _Gibraltar_, 134;
at Brest, 134;
commanding Brest naval base, 300

Wireless telegraphy, of the submarines and destroyers, 100;
messages reveal locations of submarines, 105

Wortman, Lieut.-Commr. Ward K., with first American destroyer contingent,
42

_Wyoming_, on duty with Grand Fleet, 303

Y-guns, or howitzers, for hurling depth charges, 79

Yachts, good service on French coast, 301

Yale aviation unit, organization of, 282;
renders great service, 283

Yarnell, Capt. H. E., at London headquarters, 215

Zeebrugge, bombing of submarine base at, 285

Zigzagging, efficacious protection against submarines, 87, 120

Zogbaum, Lt.-Commr. Rufus F., with first American destroyer contingent,
42

Comments

The Victory At SeaChapter XXVII: Appendix: IX

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