Chapter XXXVI: Appendix: III

ROMAN COINS FOUND IN SCANDINAVIA.

The following is a list of coins found at Hagestadborg, Scania (550); and at Sindarfe, Gotland (1500).

Nero (54–68 A.D.) 2 2 Vitellius (69) 0 1 Vespasianus (69–79) 1 16 Titus (79–81) 0 5 Domitianus (81–96) 2 10 Nerva (96–98) 1 7 Trajanus (98–117) 26 150 Hadrianus (117–138) 33 225 Sabina, wife of Hadrianus 6 11 Ælius Cæsar (†138) 2 6 Antoninus Pius (138–161) 136 321 Faustina, wife of Antoninus Pius 38 130 Marcus Aurelius (161–180) 145 280 Faustina the younger, wife of Marcus Aurelius 52 97 Lucius Verus (161–169) 21 16 Lucilla, wife of Lucius Verus 11 22 Commodus (180–192) 60 91 Crispina, wife of Commodus 7 11 Pertinax (193) 0 10 Septimius Severus (193–211) 6 13 Julia Domna, wife of Septimius Severus 1 0 Barbaric imitations 0 4 Uncertain (worn) 0 72 ——— ————— Total 550 1,500 ——— —————

_Roman coins from Augustus up to the death of Alexander Severus._
(29 B.C.-A.D. 235.)

_Found up to 1869._

_Gotland_:

Augustus (29 B.C.-A.D. 14) (Silver) 1 Nero (54–68) (Silver) 2 Galba (68–69) (Silver) 3 Otho (69) (Silver) 2 Vespasianus (69–79) (Silver) 23 Titus (79–81) (1 gold, 4 silver) 5 Domitianus (81–96) 7 Nerva (96–98) 5 Trajanus (98–117) 157 Hadrianus (117–138) 175 Sabina, wife of Hadrianus 14 Ælius Cæsar (†138) 1 Antoninus Pius (138–161) 263 Faustina, wife of Antoninus Pius 96 Marcus Aurelius (161–180) 251 Faustina, wife of Marcus Aurelius 87 L. Verus (161–165) 19 Lucilla, wife of L. Verus 18 Commodus (180–192) 86 Crispina, wife of Commodus 11 Pertinax (193) 1 Manlia Scantilla, wife of Didius Julianus 1 Clodius Albinus (†197) 1 Septimius Severus (193–211) 4 Julia Soæmias, mother of Elagabalus 1 Alexander Severus (222–235) 1 Effaced and uncertain 184 ————— 1 of gold, 1,422 of silver, total 1,423 —————

_Öland_:

Vespasianus (69–79) (Silver) 2 Trajanus (98–117) (Silver) 2 Hadrianus (117–138) (Silver) 4 Antoninus Pius (138–161) (Silver) 19 Faustina, wife of Antoninus Pius (1 brass, 6 silver) 7 Marcus Aurelius (161–180) (Silver) 19 Faustina, wife of Marcus Aurelius (Silver) 5 L. Verus (161–169) (Silver) 3 Lucilla, his wife (Silver) 4 Commodus (180–192) (Silver) 9 Julia Mæsa, grandmother of Elagabalus 1 Alexander Severus(222–235) (Silver) 1 Effaced or uncertain (Silver) 6 —— 81 of silver, 1 of brass, total 82 ——

_Recapitulation._—_Entire Sweden_:

Mainland (Gold) 1 (Gold) (Silver) 15 (Gold) (brass) 21 Götland (Gold) 1 (Gold) (Silver) 1,422 Öland (Silver) 81 (Gold) (brass) 1 ————— 2 gold, 1518 of silver, 22 of brass 1,542 —————

_Zealand_:

Vespasianus (69–79) (Silver) 3 Trajanus (98–117) (Brass) 1 Hadrianus (117–138) (Silver) 6 Sabina, wife of Hadrianus (Silver) 1 Antoninus Pius (138–161) (Silver) 16 Faustina senior, wife of Antoninus Pius (Silver) 2 M. Aurelius (161–180) (Silver) 5 Faustina junior, wife of M. Aurelius (Silver) 4 L. Verus (161–169) (Silver) 2 Commodus (180–192) (Silver) 3 Crispina, wife of Commodus (Silver) 3 Septimius Severus (193–211) (Silver) 1 Macrinus (217–218) (Silver) 1 Effaced or uncertain (Silver) 728 ——— 475 silver and 1 brass, total 476 ———

_Fyen_:

Tiberius (14–37) (Solidus, gold) 1 Nerva (96–98) (Silver) 1 Trajanus (98–117). (Silver) 1 Lucius Verus (161–169) (Silver) 1 Geta (211–212) (Gold) 1 — 2 of gold, and 3 of silver, total 5 —

The proportion of effaced or uncertain coins is enormous.

_Bornholm_:

Nero (54–68) (Silver) 1 Domitianus (81–96) (Silver) 1 Trajanus (98–117) (Silver) 13 Hadrianus (117–138) (Silver) 20 Sabina, wife of Hadrianus (Silver) 2 Antoninus Pius (138–161) (Silver) 49 Faustina senior, wife of Antoninus Pius (Silver) 8 M. Aurelius (161–180) (Silver) 73 Faustina junior, wife of Marcus Aurelius (Silver) 11 L. Verus (161–169) (Silver) 10 Lucilla, wife of L. Verus (Silver) 3 Commodus (180–192) (Silver) 34 Crispina, wife of Conmmodus (Silver) 3 Septimius Severus (193–211) (Silver) 1 Effaced or uncertain (Silver) 7 ——— Total 236 ———

_Jutland_:

Nero (54–68) (Silver) 1 Vitellius (69) (Silver) 2 Vespasianus (69–79) (Silver) 4 Domitianus (81–96) (Silver) 1 Trajanus (98–117) (Silver) 8 Hadrianus (117–138) (Silver) 7 Ælius Cæsar (†138) (Silver) 1 Antoninus Pius (138–161) (1 large brass, 16 silver) 17 Faustina senior, wife of Antoninus Pius (Silver) 5 M. Aurelius (161–180) (Silver) 10 Faustina junior, wife of M. Aurelius (Silver) 3 L. Verus (161–169) (Silver) 2 Lucilla, wife of L. Verus (Silver) 2 Commodus (180–192) (Silver) 8 Septimius Severus (193–211) (Silver) 1 Macrinus (217–218) (Silver) 1 —— 72 silver and 1 brass, total 73 ——

_Recapitulation._

Bornholm (Silver) 236 Zealand (Silver) 475 Zealand (brass) 1 Fyen (Gold) 2 Fyen (Silver) 3 Jutland (Silver) 72 Jutland (brass) 1 ——— 2 gold, 786 silver, 2 of brass, total 790 ———

_Roman Coins from Claudius to the death of Alexander Severus._
(29 B.C.-A.D. 235.)

Claudius (41–54), Scania (1 gold, 1 brass) 2 Vespasianus (69–79), Scania and Smäland (brass) 2 Trajanus (98–117), Halland (Silver) 1 Hadrianus (117–138), Scania (brass), Upland (Silver), (1 brass, 1 silver) 2 Antoninus Pius (138–161), Scania, near Lund (2 brass, 1 silver) 3 Marcus Aurelius (161–180), Scania (Silver) 2 Lucilla, wife of L. Verus, Halland (Silver) 1 Commodus (180–192), 1 Westergotland, 1 Scania (Silver) 2 Septimius Severus (193–211), Halland (Silver) 1 Julia Domna, wife of Septimius Severus, Scania (Silver) 1 Caracalla (211–217), Halland (Silver) 1 Elagabalus (218–222), Halland (Silver) 1 Alexander Severus (222–235), Scania (large brass) 1 Effaced or uncertain, Scania (14 brass, 3 silver) 17 —— 1 gold, 15 silver, 21 brass, total 37 ——

_Roman coins from the death of Alexander Severus to the death of
Theodosius the Great._ (A.D. 235–395.)

Found up to 1869.

_Norway_:

Valens (364–378) (Gold) 1
Valentinianus I. (364–375), Lister and Mandal, near Bergen (Gold) 1
Gratianus (367–383) (in a grave) (Gold) 1
—
Total (Gold) 3
—

_Sweden_:

Gordianus (238–244), Gotland (Silver) 1 Gallienus (253–268), Scania (brass) 1 Probus (276–282), 1 Södermanland, 1 Scania (Gold) 2 Licinius (307–323), Scania (brass) 1 Constantinus Magnus (306–337), 1 Södermanland, 3 Scania, 1 Öland (2 gold, 3 brass) 5 Constantinus II. (337–340), Gotland (brass) 2 Constantius II. (337–361), 3 Scania, 1 Gotland (brass) 4 Constans (337–350), Scania (brass) 1 Effaced or uncertain, 1 Upland, 4 Scania (brass) 5 —— 4 gold, 1 silver, and 17 brass, total 22 ——

_Denmark_:

Decius (249–251), Fyen (Gold) 1 Aurelianus (270–275), Fyen (Gold) 2 Tacitus (275–276), Fyen (Gold) 1 Probus (276–282), Fyen (Gold) 4 Carus (282–283), Fyen (Gold) 1 Numerianus (283–284), Fyen (Gold) 1 Carinus (283–284), Fyen (Gold) 1 Diocletianus (284–305), Fyen (Gold) 5 Maximianus (286–305), Fyen (Gold) 5 Constantius Chlorus (305–306), Fyen (Gold) 2 Helena, wife of Constantius, Fyen (Gold) 1 Licinius (307–323), Fyen (Gold) 2 Constantinus Magnus (306–337), Jutland 2, Fyen 16 (17 gold, 1 brass) 18 Constantinus II. (337–340), Fyen 2, Zealand 1 (Gold) 3 Constantius II. (337–361), Denmark, locality unknown; 2 in Fyen, 1 Jutland (3 gold, 1 brass) 4 Constans (337–350), Fyen (Gold) 2 Valentinianus I. (364–375), Zealand 1, Jutland 1 (Gold) 2 Other gold coins 5 —— (58 gold, 2 brass) 58 ——

_Roman and Byzantine coins from the death of Theodosius the Great to the
death of Anastasius._ (395–518.)

Found up to 1869.

_Swedish Mainland_:

Honorius (395–423), Småland 1 Valentinianus III. (425–455), Smäland, Kalmar län 1 Anthemius (467–472), Scania 1 Julius Nepos (474–475), 1 Kalmar län, 1 Blekinge 2 Romulus Augustulus (475–476), Småland 1 Theodosius II. (408–450), Medelpad 1, Upland 4, Småland 1, 2 in Kalmar län, 2 in Blekinge, 3 Scania 13 Marcianus (450–457), Upland 1 Leo I. (457–474), 3 in Upland, 1 on Hoen 4 Zeno (474–491), 1 in Medelpad, 11 in Upland, 1 in Södermanland, 2 in Scania 15 Anastasius (491–518), 2 in Upland, 1 in Kalmar län, 1 in Scania 4 Unknown, Upland 1 —— Total (all gold) 45 ——

_Öland_:

Honorius (395–423) 5 Valentinianus III. (425–455) 13 Majorianus (457–461) 1 Libius Severus (461–465) 9 Anthemius (407–472) 3 Romulus Augustulus (475–476) 1 Arcadius (395–408) 2 Theodosius II. (408–450) 20 Ælia Eudoxia, wife of Theodosius II 2 Marcianus (450–457) 4 Ælia Pulcheria, wife of Marcianus 2 Leo I. (457–474) 19 Leo II. and Zeno (474) 1 Zeno (474–491) 5 Basiliscus (476–477) 1 Unknown 11 —— Total (all gold) 99 ——

_Gotland_:

Honorius (395–423) 4 Majorianus (457–461) 1 Libius Severus (461–465) 1 Procopius Anthemius (467–472) 2 Theodosius II. (408–450) 3 Marcianus (450–457) 1 Leo I. (457–474) 10 Leo II. and Zeno (474) 1 Zeno (474–491) 15 Ælia Ariadne, wife of Zeno 1 Basiliscus (476–477) 1 Anastasius (491–518) 17 —— Total (all gold) 57 ——

_Recapitulation._

Sweden, Mainland 45
Sweden, Oland 99
Sweden, Gotland 57
——
All gold, total 201
——

_Bornholm_:

Honorius (395–423) 3 Placidius Valentinianus (425–455) 8 Honoria, sister of Valentinianus 1 Libius Severus (461–465) 1 Anthemius (467–472) 2 Julius Nepos (474–475) 1 Theodosius II. (408–450) 16 Marcianus (450–457) 1 Leo I. (457–474) 12 Leo II. and Zeno (474) 3 Zeno (474–491) 13 Basiliscus (476–477) 1 Basiliscus and Marcus 1 Anastasius (491–518) 5 —— 67 of gold, 1 of silver, total 68 ——

Valentinianus (425–455), Fyen 2 Majorianus (457–461), Fyen 1 Theodosius II. (408–450), 1 Zealand, 1 Fyen 2 Marcianus (450–457), Fyen 1 Leo I. (457–474), 1 Jutland, 5 Fyen 6 Zeno (474–491), 1 Fyen 1 Anastasius (491–518), 2 Fyen 2 Unknown, 1 Jutland, 1 Fyen 2 —— All gold, total 17 ——

_Recapitulation._

Bornholm (Gold) 67
Bornholm (Silver) 1
Rest of Denmark (Gold) 17
——
84 gold, and 1 silver, total 85
——

_Byzantine coins from the time between_ A.D. 518–850.

_Norway_:

Tiberius Constantinus (578–582) 1 gold. Mauricius Tiberius (582–602) 1 Constantinus V. Copronymus(771–775) 1 Michael III. (842–867) 1 — Total 4 gold.

_Sweden_ (1 Södermanland, 1 Gotland): Justinianus I. (527–565) 2 gold.

_Denmark_ (Bornholm): Justinus I. (518–527) 1 gold.

In Sweden more than 250 Roman and Byzantine gold coins have been found, and year after year new ones are brought to light.

The whole number of Roman and Byzantine coins of the period before A.D. 850 found up to June, 1872, was—

─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬──────────┬───────────┬──────────┬─────── │From the │Augustus-│Alexander │Theodosius-│ After │Total. │ time │Alexander│ Severus- │Anastasius │Anastasius│ │ before │ Severus │Theodosius│(395–518). │(518–850).│ │Augustus.│ (29 │(235–395).│ │ │ │ │B.C.-235 │ │ │ │ │ │ A.D.). │ │ │ │ ─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼──────────┼───────────┼──────────┼─────── Mainland │ 3│ 12│ 4│ 37│ 1│ 57 Scania │ │ 584│ 14│ 19│ │ 617 Öland │ │ 88│ 2│ 106│ │ 196 Gotland │ 9│ 3,234│ 4│ 64│ 1│ 3,312 ─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼──────────┼───────────┼──────────┼─────── │ 12│ 3,918│ 24│ 226│ 2│ 4,182 Among │ │ │ │ │ │ these │ │ │ │ │ │ coins │ │ │ │ │ │ are— │ │ │ │ │ │ Of gold │ │ 2│ 6│ 226│ 2│ 236 Of silver│ 12│ 3,894│ 1│ │ │ 3,907 Of copper│ │ 22│ 17│ │ │ 39 ─────────┴─────────┴─────────┴──────────┴───────────┴──────────┴───────

INDEX.

A.

Abbon, ii. 540

Accounts, Greek and Roman, i. 7

Ægir, i. 403

Æthelred, King, ii. 487–492

Æthelstan, King, ii. 465–478

Africa, i. 3

Alfar, the, i. 409

Alfred, King, the Powerful, ii. 465

Altars, i. 356

America, Discovery of, ii. 519 _seq._

Ammianus Marcellinus, i. 12

Amulets, i. 377

Angeln, i. 19

Antiquities, Abstract of, i. 1 _seq._

Antiquities, Greek and Roman, i. 259–275

Apples of youth, i. 49

Archæological track, i. 26

Arms and Armour, ii. 65

Arvel, the, Inheritance Feast, ii. 47

Asar, the, i. 23, 28, 30, 48

Asbjörn, i. 465

Asgard, i. 44

Austrriki, i. 22

B.

Baldr, The Good, i. 33 _seq._

Battles,
Sea—Helga, i. 184
Svold, ii. 188–197
Jomsvikings, ii. 197–208
Land—Brávöll, ii. 436
Dúnheidi, ii. 441
Brunanburgh, ii. 469
Stamford, ii. 505
Hastings, ii. 512

Bayeux tapestry, i. 15; ii. 157, 160, 275, 304

Bergelmir, _before_ the Creation, i. 36

Berserker, i. 56; ii. 423 _seq._

Bertin, ii. 539

Betrothals, ii. 7, 16

Bifrost, Bridge of, i. 35

Björn (Brezki), the Britisher, ii. 206–208, 534

Björn, son of Hring, i. 431

Black Sea and Sea of Azof, i. 25, 28

Boats, ii. 144

Bog-finds, i. 193

Bohuslän, i. 71 _passim_

Bononia, i. 11

(Borislav) Búrislaf, ii. 160

Bracteates, ii. 332 _seq._

Britain, Settlement by Northmen, i. 17

Bronze Age, i. 84–124

Burials, i. 324–342

C.

Cæsar, Julius, i. 8, 14

Cairns, _vide_ Graves.

Carausius, i. 11

Champions and Berserks, ii. 423 _seq._

Chariots and Cars, i. 294–6

Charlemagne, ii. 537

Children, Birth and bringing up of, ii. 30

Christianity, Struggle with Paganism, i. 464 _seq._

Chronicles, Various, i. 13, 20

Cimbric Chersonesus, i. 10

Civilisation of the North, i. 1 _seq._

Classes, Ancestry of, i. 487

Classes, Divisions of, i. 486 _seq._

Claudianus, i. 12

Coins found, i. 260–263, 271

Coins chronologically arranged, vol. ii. Appendix III.

Conduct of life, the, ii. 401 _seq._

Cosmogony, i. 27 _seq._

Creation, i. 29 _seq._

Cromlechs, i. 71

D.

Debts and Debtors, ii. 235 _seq._

Denmark, Kings of, Appendix III.

Derision, Penalty of, i. 589–591

Disir, The, ii. 411

Divorce, ii. 25

Dom rings, i. 369, 533, 564

Dress of men, ii. 285 _seq._

Dress of women, ii. 301 _seq._

Dreams, i. 456–463

Duelling, i. 563–567

Dvergar, the, i. 39

Dwellings, ii. 242

E.

Edda, Earlier—Extracts from, _passim_

Edda, Later—Extracts from, i. 30–68

Edmund, King, the Holy, ii. 457

Edward the Confessor, ii. 496, 501

Egil, i. 419, ii. 469 _seq_

Egil i., his sorrow, ii. 414; song, ii. 416

Eginhard, i. 23; ii. 537

Eïrik Blood-axe and England, ii. 467

Eïrik, the Red, ii. 518

Ella, King, ii. 452–456

Emma, Queen, ii. 487–490

Engelhólm, i. 19

England—Origin of name, settlement, i. 19

Epithets of Odin, i. 56;
Valkyrias, i. 389

Epithets of the sea, i. 403–404

Epithets of swords, ii. 79

Epithets of spears, ii. 88

Epithets of axes, ii. 89

Epithets of arrows, ii. 91

Epithets of shields, ii. 95

Epithets of coats of mail, ii. 99

Epithets of warships, ii. 136

Epithets of battles, ii. 448

Epithets of warriors, blood, raven and eagle, the wolf, horses, fire,
ii. 449

Eumenius, i. 10, 11

Eutropius, i. 11

Exercises, bodily, idróttir, ii. 369 _seq._

Exercises, mental idróttir, ii. 389 _seq._

F.

Facsimile of Old Norse MSS., ii. 544–550

Fafnir, i. 435

Feasts and entertainments, ii. 274 _seq._

Fenrir, i. 41–43

Finds, chief:—
Bavenhöi, i. 251, 280
Blekinge, i. 170, 173
Bohüslän, (ancient Vikin), i. 74, _passim_
Bröttby, i. 273
Gökstad, i. 335
Hjortehammar, i. 306
Karleby, i. 75
Kivik, i. 88
Moklebust Eids, i. 339
Nydam, i. 219 _seq._
Thorsbjerg, i. 194 _seq._
Treenhöi, i. 89–91
Uby, i. 78, 79
Valloby, i. 249
Varpelev, i. 255
Vimose, i. 108, 207
Bornholm, i. 128, _passim_
Burgundy, i. 158
England—Taplow, i. 319
Fyen, i. 123–127
Fyen, Bangstrup, i. 245
Fyen, Broholm, i. 87, _passim_
Fyen, Kragehul, i. 216
Fyen, Mollegaard, i. 128
Jutland, i. 241, 248
Ukraine, i. 245
Wallachia, i. 159
Zealand (Nordrup), ii. 225

Finds, ii. _passim._

France (Valland), ii. 464, 536 _seq._

Frankish Annals, ii. 536

Franks—Franci, Frakki, i. 10 _seq._

Frey, worship of, i. 351

Freyja, i. 64

Frigg, i. 28, 57

Frostathing, the, i. 465

Fylgjas, the, i. 413

G.

Games, ii. 352, 357

Gardariki, i. 26, 51, 53

Gautaland, i. 60, 423

Genealogies of the Norse chiefs, i. 66; ii. 479

Genealogies of the jarls of Normandy, ii. 464

_Get_-ae (Goths, Jutes) Thysa-Massa, i. 26, 343

Geography, old Norse, i. 52

Germany, i. 3 _passim_

Gildas, settlement of Britain, i. 25

Ginnungagap, i. 29

Glass, i. 276–284

Glass, Earliest finds of, i. 126, 255

Godi, temple-priest, and Godiship, i. 525–531

Godwin—Gudini, ii. 491

Göngu Hrolf, ii. 462–464

Gorm, King, i. 456

Graves, _vide_ Stone, Iron, Bronze Ages

Graves, Remarkable, i. 247, 258

Graves, Various, i. 299, 318–335

Greece, i. 3

Greek and Roman antiquities, i. 259

Greenland, Discovery of, ii. 518

Grimnismal, i. 27

Ground-finds, i. 235–246

Gudrun—Song I., ii. 417

Gudrun—Song II., ii. 420

Gyda, ii. 492

Gyrd, ii. 512, 513

H.

Hákon Jarl, i. 367, 467

Hákon the Good, i. 424, 464–9, 475; ii. 43, 466

Halfdan, i. 462

Halls and buildings, ii. 241

Harald Gormsson, i. 473; ii. 479

Harald Gudinason (Godwin’s son), ii. 502 _seq._

Harald Hardradi, ii. 499 _seq._

Harald Harfagr, i. 361, 448; ii. 514, 531

Harald Hilditönn, i. 22, 326; ii. 436–441

Harald Knutsson and Hörda-Knut, ii. 496

Harbours, ii. 169, 177

Hávamál, the, ii. 401 _seq._

Hengist and Horsa, i. 20, 25

Heid the Sybil, i. 29

Heimdall, i. 35

Hel, i. 29, 32

Herodotus, i. 26

High-seat pillars, i. 361

Horses and Harness, i. 285–291

Hospitality, i. 433; ii. 283

Houses, ii. 242

Hraesvelg, i. 38

Hrimthursar, i. 28, _passim._

Hrolf Kraki, i. 354

I.

Iceland, Discovery of, ii. 514–516

Idavöll, i. 45

Idols, i. 375, 379

Idols, power of, i. 469–472

Idróttir (_vide_ Exercises), list of, ii. 45

Indemnity, i. 544 _seq._

Insurance companies, ii. 233

Ireland, ii. 514, 516–518

Iron age, i. 125 _seq._

Ivar’s dream, i. 459

Ivar the Boneless, ii. 453–459

Ivar Vidfadmi, i. 22, 23, 68

Ividi, i. 29

J.

Jarl, Attributes of, i. 487 _seq._

Jerusalem, i. 52; ii. 500

Jomsborg, ii. 109, 162, 479

Jorsala, i. 52

Jomsvikings, ii. 197–208

Jörmungand, i. 42

Jötun, &c., i. 28 _seq._

Julian, Emperor, i. 12, 14

Jutes (Jotnar, Jötunheim, &c.), i. 26

K.

Ketilbjörn, i. 358

King, Meanings and Grades of, i. 497 _seq._

Kissing, Laws on, ii. 24

Kjökkenmöddinger, i. 70

Klakkharald, i. 455, 456

Knut, the Mighty, the Old, i. 480, 486 _seq._

L.

Land, Division, Law, Rights of, i. 487 _seq._

Landvoettir, the, i. 418

Language, Norse, i. 20

Laws of the early English tribes, i. 532 _seq._

Loki, i. 32 _seq._

London, ii. 481, 484, 489, 492

Louis le Débonnaire, ii. 538

M.

Magnus, the Good, i. 186; ii. 497

Man, Creation of, i. 45

Manni, i. 23

Manuscripts, Old Norse—facsimiles, ii. 544–550

Marriage, ii. 1 _seq._

Mediterranean, i. 3, _passim_

Midgard, i. 44

Mimin’s well, i. 32

Mistletoe, i. 33

Mounds, _vide_ Graves.

Muspelheim, i. 30

Mystic signs and numbers, ii. 341

N.

Nanna, the Goddess, i. 332

Niflheim, i. 29, _passim_

Nine Worlds, the, i. 29

Njörd, i. 146;
worship of, i. 354

Nordimbraland, i. 20, _passim_

Normandy, ii. 463, _passim_

Nornir, the, i. 385–389

Norway, Kings of, Appendix III.

Norsemen, Mythology of, i. 27, 44

O.

Oaths, i. 553–559

Occupations of men, ii. 344–351

Occupations of women, ii. 362–367

Ocular delusion, i. 444

Odals, _vide_ Land

Odin, i. 28 _seq._

Odin of the North, i. 51

Odin’s religion, i. 343

Odin’s successors, i. 362

Olaf, King and Saint, i. 467–476, 500, 540–543

Olaf, King and Saint, ii. 37, 179, 481, 492

Olaf of Sweden, i. 540; ii. 480

Olaf Raudi, of Scotland, ii. 469 _seq._

Olaf Tryggvason, i. 351, 357, 377, 467, 473, 476, 506–7

Olaf Tryggvason, ii. 182, 480

Omens, i. 450–455

Öngulsey, i. 19

Ordeal, i. 559–562

Orkneys and Hebrides, ii. 531

Outlawry, i. 578–583

P.

Paganism and Christianity, i. 464

Pálnatóki, Jarl, ii. 160, 534

Palestine, i. 3

Paris, siege of, ii. 540–543

Pillars, High-seat, ii. 516

Plan of Holmganga ground, i. 565

Pottery—Stone Age, i. 82, 83

Pottery—Bronze Age, i. 94, 95

Pottery—Iron Age, i. 137 _seq._

Precedence, ii. 251

Ptolemy, i. 10

Punishments, i. 368, 372, 476, 518

Punishments, ii. 236 _seq._, 243, 247

R.

Ragnar Lodbrók, ii. 435, 450–453

Ragnar his sons, ii. 453–459

Ragnarök, i. 43

Ran, goddess, i. 403

Religion, i. 343 _seq._

Revenge, i. 584–589

Robbery, ii. 236 _seq._

Rock-tracings, ii. 116 _seq._

Rooms, names of, ii. 259

Runes, i. 154–192

Runes magical, i. 278, 439

Rune-song of Odin, i. 160–163

Russia, i. 4, _passim_

S.

Sacrifices (three principal), i. 344–347

Sacrifices human, i. 364–374, 448

Sacrifices before a duel, i. 565

Sagas fully described, Appendix III.

Sax, the, i. 15

Saxonicum litus.—Town or Army-list, i. 18

Saxons a misnomer, i. 18–24

Scaldship, ii. 389 _seq._

Scepticism among the heathen, i. 354

Scotland, ii. 532, _passim_

Sculpture, i. 297

Sea-god and his Wife, i. 403–408

Serkland, Saracens, ii. 500

Shape-changing, i. 430

Ships, Levy of, ii. 187

Ships, Construction of, i. 162–172

Sicily, i. 3

Sigurd, Hring, ii. 433–441

SILENCE OF CENTURIES!, i. 21

Slavery—freed slaves, i. 502–514

Sorcery, i. 401

Sorrow and mourning, ii. 414 _seq._

Spain, i. 3

Sports, ii. 351, 357, 361

Stone Age, i. 69, 83

_Sue_-ones, i. 7 _seq._

Suicides, i. 423

Suitors, bridal, ii. 2 _seq._

Superstitions, i. 430 _seq._

Svein, Tjuguskegg, King, ii. 479

_Sri_-ár, _Sri_-thjod, _Swe_-den, i. 7

Sweden, Kings of, Appendix III.

T.

Tacitus, i. 7, 15

Taxes, i. 187

Temples, i. 356–361

Thing, the, and its offshoots, i. 515 _seq._

Thor, i. 47

Thor, Worship of, i. 353

Thraldom, i. 502

Time, Divisions of, i. 37

Titles, i. 486 _seq._

Traders and trading-ships, ii. 249 _seq._

Turf-Einar, i. 372; ii. 262, 263

Tyr, i. 35, 47

Tyrkir (men), i. 20

U.

Ulf Jarl, ii. 490

Utgard, i. 44

V.

Vafthrudnismál, i. 27

Val and its derivatives, i. 389

Valhalla, i. 420–429

Valkyrias, the, i. 387–393

Valland, France, ii. 463

Vanir, Their land and river, i. 52

Veneti, i. 8

Vends—Wends, ii. 160, 188

Vikar, Legend of King, i. 421

Viken, or Vikin, i. 19, 299, 473; ii. 117, 462

Vili and Ve, Odin’s brothers, i. 30

Vindland, ii. 188, 479

Vinland, America, ii. 519 _seq._

Visma, shieldmaiden, ii. 441

Völuspa, the, i. 27

Volvas, the, i. 394

W.

Waggons, i. 294–299

Wales—Bretland, i. 19; ii. 534

Wall-ornamentation, ii. 247

War customs, ii. 102 _seq._

War ships, ii. 136 _seq._

Warfare, Mode of Naval, ii. 181 _seq._

Weapons, ii. 65 _seq._

Weather vanes, ii. 156

Weregild, i. 544

Wodin (see Odin), i. 28 _seq._

Wood-carving, ii. 244

William the Norman, ii. 512, 513

Witchcraft, ii. 439–449

Witikind, i. 18; ii. 537

Women, position of, ii. 1 _seq._

Women, rights of, ii. 24

Women, restrictions of extravagance of, ii. 28

Worlds, the Nine, i. 29

Worship of men, animals, groves, i. 379–383

Y.

Yggdrasil, i. 41 _seq._, 385

Ymir, creation from, i. 30

Yngvi, i. 64, 497

Yule sacrifice, i. 345

Z.

Zosimus, i. 10

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TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

1. Added footnote reference numbers to footnotes on pp. 62, 2. Added missing footnote anchor after “pay the penalty” for first footnote on p. 406. 3. Changed “1” to “I” and moved it adjacent to “APPENDIX” on p. 536 to be consistent with “APPENDIX III.”. 4. Added “APPENDIX II.” heading on p. 544 to be consistent with “APPENDIX III.” 5. Chenged “550 1,500” to “Total 550 1,500” on p. 551 to be consistent with other tables. 6. Changed “Derision, Penalty of, ii.” to “Derision, Penalty of, i.” on p. 558. 7. Silently corrected typographical errors. 8. Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed. 9. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_.