Chapter I: Front Matter

The Cambridge Manuals of Science and
Literature

THE VIKINGS

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS

London: FETTER LANE, E.C.

C. F. CLAY, MANAGER

Edinburgh: 100, PRINCES STREET
Berlin: A. ASHER AND CO.
Leipzig: F. A. BROCKHAUS
New York: G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS
Bombay and Calcutta: MACMILLAN AND CO., LTD.

_All rights reserved_

THE VIKINGS

BY
ALLEN MAWER, M.A.
Professor of English Language and
Literature in Armstrong College,
University of Durham: late Fellow
of Gonville and Caius College,
Cambridge

Cambridge:
at the University Press
1913

Cambridge:
PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A.
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS

_With the exception of the coat of arms at the foot, the design on the title page is a reproduction of one used by the earliest known Cambridge printer, John Siberch, 1521_

CONTENTS

PAGE
Introduction 1
CHAP.
I. Causes of the Viking movement 4
II. The Viking movement down to the middle of the
9th century 12
III. The Vikings in England to the death of Harthacnut 22
IV. The Vikings in the Frankish Empire to the
founding of Normandy (911) 43
V. The Vikings in Ireland to the battle of Clontarf
(1014) 54
VI. The Vikings in the Orkneys, Scotland, the Western
Islands and Man 65
VII. The Vikings in Baltic lands and Russia 69
VIII. Viking civilisation 82
IX. Scandinavian influence in the Orkneys, Shetlands,
the Western Islands and Man 112
X. Scandinavian influence in Ireland 116
XI. Scandinavian influence in England 123
XII. Scandinavian influence in the Empire and Iceland 138
Bibliography 146
Index 148

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

The Gokstad ship _Frontispiece_
PLATE
I. Viking ship from the Bayeux tapestry _facing page_ 100
II. Ornaments of the Viking period " " 104
III. The Jellinge stone " " 111

The frontispiece is reproduced by kind permission of the photographer, Mr O. Væring, of Christiania; plates II and III are taken from Sophus Müller's _Nordische Altertümskunde_.