Chapter I: WILL report one thing more, which I saw, concerning the great Can

It is an usuall custome in those parts, that when the foresayd Can traveileth thorow any countrey, his subjects kindle fires before their doores, casting spices thereinto to make a perfume, that their lord passing by may smell the sweet and delectable odours thereof, and much people come forth to meet him. And upon a certaine time when he was comming towardes Cambaleth, the fame of his approch being published, a bishop of ours with certaine of our minorite friers and myselfe went two dayes journey to meet him: and being come nigh unto him, we put a crosse upon wood. I my selfe having a censer in my hand, and began to sing with a loud voice: Veni creator spiritus. And as we were singing on this wise he caused us to be called, commanding us to come unto him: notwithstanding (as it is above mentioned) that no man dare approche within a stones cast of his chariot, unlesse he be called, but such onely as keep his chariot. And when we came neare unto him, he vailed his hat or bonet being of an inestimable price, doing reverence unto the crosse. And immediately I put incense into the censour, and our bishop taking the censer perfumed him, and gaue him his benediction. Moreouer, they that come before the said Can, do alwayes bring some oblation to present unto him, observing the ancient law: Thou shalt not appear in my presence with an empty hand. And for that cause we carried apples with us, and offered them in a platter with reverence unto him: and taking out two of them he did eate some part of one. And then he signified unto us, that we should go apart, lest the horses comming on might in ought offend us. With that we departed from him, and turned aside, going unto certaine of his barons, which had been converted to the faith by certaine friers of our order, being at the same time in his army: and we offered unto them of the foresayd apples, who received them at our hands with great joy, seeming unto us to be as glad, as if we had giuen them some great gift. All the premisses above written frier William de Solanga hath put downe in writing euen as the foresayd frier Odoricus uttered them by word of mouth, in the yeere of our Lord 1330 in the moneth of May, and in the place of S. Anthony of Padua. _Neither did he regard to write them in difficult Latine, or in an eloquent style, but even as Odoricus himselfe rehearsed them, to the end that men might the more easily understand the things reported._ I Odoricus frier, of Friuli, of a certaine territory called Portus Vahonis, and of the order of the minorites, do testifie and beare witnesse unto the reverend father Guidotus minister of the province of S. Anthony, in the marquisate of Treviso (being by him required upon mine obedience so to doe) that all the premisses above written, either I saw with mine owne eyes, or heard the same reported by credible and substantiall persons. The common report also of the countreys where I was, testifieth those things, which I saw, to be true. Many other things I haue omitted because I behelde them not with my owne eyes. Howbeit from day to day I purpose with my selfe to travell countreys or lands, in which action I dispose myselfe to die or to live, as it shall please my God.

_Of the death of frier Odoricus._

IN the yeere therefore of our Lord 1331 the foresayd frier Odoricus preparing himselfe for the performance of his intended journey, that his travel and labour might be to greater purpose, he determined to present himselfe unto Pope John the two and twentieth, whose benediction and obedience being received, he with a certaine number of friers willing to beare him company might convey himselfe unto all the countreys of infidels. And as he was travelling toward the pope, and not farre distant from the city of Pisa, there meets him by the waye a certaine olde man, in the habit and attire of a pilgrime, saluting him by name and saying: All haile frier Odoricus. And when the frier demaunded how he had knowledge of him: he answered: Whilest you were in India I knew you full well, yea, and I knew your holy purpose also: but see that you returne immediately unto the coven[1] from where you came, for tenne dayes hence you shall depart out of this present world. Wherefore being astonished and amazed at these words, (especially the olde man vanishing out of his sight, presently after he had spoken them) he determined to returne. And so he returned in perfect health feeling no crazedness nor infirmity of body. And being in his coven at Udene in the province of Padua, the tenth daye after the foresayd vision, having received the Communion, and preparing himselfe unto God, yea, being strong and sound of body, hee happily rested in the Lord: who sacred departure was signified unto the Pope aforesaid, under the hand of the publique notary in these words following.

In the yeere of our Lord 1331, the 14 day of Januarie, Beatus Odoricus a Frier minorite deceased in Christ, at whose prayers God shewed many and sundry miracles, which I Guetelus publique notarie of Utina, sonne of M. Damianus de Porto Gruaro at the commandment and direction of the honorable Conradus of the Borough of Gastaldion, and one of the Councell of Utina, haue written as faithfully as I could, and haue delivered a copie thereof unto the friers minorites, howbeit not of all, because they are innumerable, and too difficult for me to write.

[Footnote 1: Convent.]

[Decoration]

WOODCUTS SELECTED FROM OTHER EDITIONS SHOWING THE DIFFERENT TREATMENT OF THE SAME SUBJECTS.

[Decoration]

LIST OF THE EDITIONS

OF THE VOYAGES AND TRAVELS OF SIR JOHN MANDEVILLE NOW (1884) IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM.

CHRONOLOGICALLY ARRANGED.

MSS.

EGERTON MSS. 672. Johannis de Maundevilla
Itinerarium ad partes Ierusolumitanas, &c.
Vellum, 14 Cent., small 4^o.

Grenville XXXIX. A 14 Cent. MS. fol. on
vellum in double columns, which evidently has belonged to
one of the French Royal Libraries, as the binding testifies.
It commences "Ci comence le liure qui parle des diuersités
des pais qui sunt par universe monde: le quel liure fut compile
par mesire Jehan Mandeuille chlr ne dangleterre de la
uille con dit Saint Albain."

Harl. 3954. A MS. on vellum, end of 14th Cent., with unfinished
illuminations; fine copy.

Sloane, 1464. Voyage in 1356. Vellum, in French. Early
15 Cent.

Harl. 212 (1). Le Geste de S^r John Maundeville de Mervailles
de Monde. Small 4^o. French. Vellum. Early 15
Cent. MS. note at end seems to place it as having been written
previous to 1425.

Harl. 212 (2). La Copie de la Lettre maunde ovesque cest
Escrit a tres noble Prince Monsire E. de Wyndesore Roy
d'Engleterre, et de Fraunce, par Monsire Johan de Maundeville,
autour susdit.

Cotton, Tit. C. 16. English MS. 4^o. Vellum. Early 15 Cent.

Sloane, 560. De la Terre Seinte, que houme l'appelle Terre
de Promissionis de Ierusalem. Vellum. French. 15 Cent.

Add. MSS. 17,335. Travels of Sir John de Mandeville
translated into German by Otto von Diemeringen, Canon of
Metz. Vellum and paper, 15 Cent., with coloured drawings.
Fol.

Add. MSS. 10,129. The Voyages and Travels of Sir John
Mandeville; in German. On paper. 15 Cent. Fol.

Egerton MSS. 1982. "Ye buke of (_the voiage and travaile_
of Sir) John Maundeville." The text differs considerably from
that of the printed editions, and the prologue does not include
the apocryphal passage found in Cotton MS. Titus C. xvi., in
which the author states that he translated the work from Latin
into French, and from French into English. _Vellum._ 15
Cent. On the fly-leaf, f, 2, is a note by E. Hill, M.D., 22
Mar. 1803, stating that on a leaf of paper pasted on the inside
of the old cover, was written, "Thys fayre Boke I have fro
the Abbey of Saint Albons in thys yeare of our Lord
M.CCCCLXXXX the sixte daye of Apryll. Willyam Caxton,"
together with the name of Richard Tottyl, 1579, by whose
descendant, the Rev. Hugh Tuthill, the book was given to E.
Hill. Small quarto.

Harl. 82 (4). Itinerarium D. Joannis de Maundevyle
Militis, [Greek: akephaloi], et in fine Truncatum.
Vellum, fol. 15 Cent. In Latin.

Harl. 175. Itinerarium Dñi Johannis de Maundeville Militis,
de Mirabilibus Mundi. In Latin, 15 Cent. 12^o. Vellum.

Harl. 204. In French. On vellum. 4^o. 15 Cent. On the
last page is a copy of the letter to Edward III.

Harl. 3589 (2). A Latin MS. commencing "Incipit Itinerarius
magistri Johannis de Mandevelt ad partes Hierosolymitanas,
et ulteriores partes transmarinas; qui obiit Leodii
A.D. 1382." Paper. 15 Cent.

Harl. 3940. Le Livre de Jeh. de Mandeville, chevalier, le
queil fut ney du pais d'engleterre, le queil parle de l'estat de
la terre, et de marveilles que il y a veues. 15 Cent. Vellum.
French. 4^o.

Harl. 4383. Voiage de D. Jean Maundeville. 15 Cent.
Vellum. French. Fol.

Harl. 1739. A French 4^o MS. of 15 Cent. on vellum and
paper, with letter to Edward III., in Latin, at the end.

Arundel, 140 (2). English MS. Fol. Paper, 15 Cent., ending
"Her endys the boke of Johne Maundevile, Knyghte, of
wayes to Ierusalem and of merveyles of Ynde and othere
contrees."

Add. MSS. 18,026. The Voyages and Travels of Sir John
Mandeville Knight; translated into German, and written by
Johann Segnitz de Castel. 1449. Paper. 4^o.

Egerton MSS. 1781, f. 129. Translation into Irish of the
Travels of Sir John Mandeville made by Fineen Mac Mahon
in 1475.

Cotton, App. 4, art. 2. Iter. Johannis Mandevill. Vellum.
Small fol., in Latin. Late 15 Cent.

Grenville XII. An English MS. on paper, fol., end of 15
Cent., commencing "Here begynñth the boke of Moundevyle
Knyzt that techyth the weyes to Je[~s]lm and of the Meruelis of
ynde and of the londe of P[~s]t John, and of the grete Cham.
and of Constantinople and of many oder Contreys."

[Decoration]

PRINTED EDITIONS.

GRENVILLE, 6775. This is, probably, the oldest printed
"Mandeville" extant, certainly the oldest dated copy,
except a folio copy printed at Lyons on the 8th day of
February of the same year, and there was also an Italian 4^o
edition previously printed at Milan. As far as is known this
copy is unique, and it is in B. L. double columns, fol. It has,
unfortunately, no name of printer, nor place of publication.
"Ce liure est eppelle mandeuille et fut fait et compose par
monsieur jehan de mandeuille cheualier natif dangleterre de la
uille de sainct alein.[1] Et parle de la terre de promission cest
assauoir de ierusalem et de pluseurs autres isles de mer et les
diuerses et estranges choses qui sont es dites isles. Cy finist
ce tres plaisant liure nome Mande ville parlant moult autentiquement
du pays et terre doultre mer Et fut fait lan Mil.
CCCCLXXX le IIII iour dauril." Folio. B. L.

Grenville, 6702. Itinerario. Explicit Johannes de Mandeuilla
impressus Mediolani ductu et auspiciis _Magistri Petri de
corneno_ pridie calendas augusti MCCCCLXXX. 4^o. B. L.
This is said to be the first Italian edition.

Grenville, 6700. Itinerarius Domini Johannis de Mandeville
militis. This is a curious edition, printed in semi-Gothic
Letter, and is the first known of the Latin editions. Its date
is unknown, as is also the place where it was printed, but its
date is fixed _circa_ 1480.

C. 32, m. 5. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. The
travels of Sir J. M. translated into Dutch. G. L. (no place).
1470? Fol.

566, f. 6/1. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. Beginning
(fol. 4, verso) Liber pr[=i]s cui auctor fe[~r][~t] joh[=a][=n]es
de m[=a]deville militari ordis, agit de divers patrijs, etc.
G. L. Alosta? 1478? 4^o. Imperfect.

Grenville, 6774. Hie hebt sich an das püch (_sic_) des Ritters
herz Hannsen von Monte Villa. Gedrucht zü Augspurg _von
hannsen schönsperger_ am freitag nach Galli. Anno domini
(MCCCCLXXXII). Fol.

Grenville, 6773. Johannes von Mondeuilla, Ritter. Getruckt
zü Strassburg Johannes Prüssz. 1484. Fol. B. L. This
is a very rare German edition, and is attributed to Michelfeld
or Michelfelser.

Grenville, 6728/3. Explicit Itinerarius a terra Anglie in
partes Ierosolymitanas et in vlteriores transmarinas editus
primo in lingua gallicana a domino Johanne de Mandeville
milite suo auctore. Anno incarnacionis domini MCCCLV in
civitate leodiensi et paulo post in Eadem civitate translatus in
dictam forinam latinam. Quod opus ubi inceptum simul et
completum sit ipã elementa seu singularum seorsum caracteres
literarum quibus impressum vides venatica, monstrant manifeste.
4^o.[2]

789, a. 19. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. Tractato
de le piu maravegliose cose e piu notabile che si trovino [=i] le
parte del mondo reducte e colte sotto brevita in lo [~p]sente
comp[~e]dio dal strenuissimo cavalier a speron doro J. de Mandavilla
anglico, &c.

G. L. p. U. Rugeri[~u] boñ(_oniæ_). 1488. 4^o.

Grenville, 6703. Another copy of Sir John Mandeville's
travels printed at Bologna, "_per mi Ugo di Rugerii_." 1488.
4^o. B. L.

Grenville, 6704. Another copy of Sir John Mandeville's
travels, printed at Venice, "_per mi Nicolo de li ferari de
pralormo_." 1491. 4^o. B. L.

C. 4, h. II. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. Joanne
de Mandavilla. G. L. Nicolo de li ferari de pralormo.
Venetia, 1491. 4^o.

Grenville, 6705. Tractato belissímo, delle piu marivigliose
cose, &c. scripte dallo cavaliere asperondoro Giov. Mandavilla
Frazese ridocto in lingua thoscana. Impresso ne la cipta di
Firenze, _per Lorenzo de_ Morgiani et Giovanni da Maganza.
Adi VII. di Giugno MDCCCCLXXXXII. 4^o. This edition is very
rare.

Grenville, 6706. Johanne de Mandauilla. Bologna, _per
mi Joanne jacobo et Joanne antonio di benedetti da Bologna_.
1492. 4^o. B. L.

Grenville, 6709. Another copy of Sir John Mandeville's
travels, printed at Milan, _per Uldericho Scinzenzeler_. 1497.
4^o. B. L.

Grenville, 6707. A Dutch copy of Sir John Mandeville's
travels, printed at Antwerp bii nuy Govaerdt Back. 1494.
4^o. B. L.

Grenville, 6699. Itinerarius in partes Iherosolimitanas. Et
in ultiores transmarinas. B. L. 4^o. There is no certainty
when or where this was printed, but it contains a MS. note
attributing its production to P. Friedberg, of Maintz,
_circa_ 1495.

Grenville, 6713. The boke of John Maunduyle Knyght of
wayes to Ierusalem and of maruelys of ynde and of other
countrees, Emprented _by Richard Pynson_. 4^o. B. L. This is
considered the oldest English printed version extant, older
even than that of Wynkyn de Worde's of 1499. It is unfortunately
undated. Pynson began to print 1493.

Grenville, 6708. Tractato, etc. Venexia, _per Maestro
Manfredo da Monferato da Streuo da Bonello_. 1496. 4^o.

789, a. 20. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_ Johanne
de mandauilla. Tractato de le piu marauegliose cose e piu
notabili che si trouino in le parte del mondo, etc. per Maestro
Manfredo da Mõferato da streno de Bonello. Venice, 1496. 4^o.

100 77, b. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. Johanne
de mandavilla. Tractato de le piu maravegliose cose e piu
notabile che se trouino in le parte del mõdo, etc.

G. L. St[=a]pado p Ulfrycho scienz[=e]zeler, Milaõ. 149(7). 4^o.

Grenville, 6710. Che tracta de le piu marauegliose cose e
piu notabile che si trouyns in le parte del Mondo. Bologna,
_per mi Piero et Jacobo fratelli da Campii_, 1497. 4^o. B.L.

C. 32, e. 2/2. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller._
Johannis de montevilla Itinerari in partes Iherosolimitanas.
Et in ulteriores transmarinas. G.L. 1500? 4^o.

Grenville, 6711. Another copy of Sir John Mandeville's
travels. Impressa in Venetia, per _Zuan Baptista Sessa_. Anno
1504. Adi 29, Luio. 4^o. B.L.

280, f. 32. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. I. de
Mandavilla. Tractato de la piu maraviliose cose e piu
notabili che si trovino in le parte del monde redutte....
sotto brevita in lo presente compendio, etc.

Manfredo da sustrevo dacã Bonis. Venezia, 1505. 8^o.

148, c. 3. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. Von . der.
erfarung . des. streugen . Ritters . johannes . võ . montaville.

G. L. J. Knoblouch. Strassburg, 1507. 4^o.

Grenville, 6701. Tractato bellissimo delle piu marauigliose
cose, et piu notabile che si trouino nelle parte del mondo.
Impresso nella excelsa cipta di Firenze appetitione _di Ser Piero
da Pescia_, etc. Circa, 1512. 4^o.

Grenville, 6712. Another copy of Sir John Mandeville's
travels printed at Milan, _per Rocho et fratelli da Valle_. 1517.
4^o. B. L.

Grenville, 6656. Another copy of Sir John Mandevilles
travels, printed at Venice, _per Marchio Sessa e Piero de rauani._
1521. 8^o.

1051, c. 1/1. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. I. de
Mandavilla, qual tratta della piu maravegliose cose e piu
notabile che si trovino, etc. Venetia, 1537. 8^o.

567, i. 5. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. Juan de
Mandavila. Libro de las Marauillas del mundo y del viage
d' la tierra santa di Hierusal[~e] & de todas las provincias &
hombres monstrussos que hayen las Indias. G. L. Valencia,
1540, fol.

149, e. 6. Libro de las maravillas del mondo que trata
del viage de la Tierra Santa de Hierusalem y de todas
las provincias y Ciudades de las Indias y de los hombres
mostruosos que ay en el mundo. Alcala de Heuares. 1547,
fol.

1074, k. 4/1. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. Maistre
Iehan Mandeville Chevalier natif du pays Dangleterre, lequel
parle des grandes Adventures des pays estrange, tant par mer,
que par terre.... Ensemble la terre de promission & du
sainct voyage de Hierusalem. G. L. _Jehan Bonfons_. Paris,
1560? 4^o.

Grenville, 6657. Another copy of Sir John Mandeville's
travels. Nel quale si contengono di molte cose maravigliose.
Venetia, 1567. 8^o.

1046, a. 26/4. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. I. de
Mandavilla, nel quale si contengono di molte cose maravigliose,
etc. Venetia, 1567. 8^o.

1045, h. 2. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. The
Voiage and travayle of Syr I. M. which treateth of the way
toward Hierusalem, and of marvayles of Inde, with other Ilands
and Countryes. B. L. Lond. 1568. 8^o.

10,076, a. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. Reysen
und Wander schafften, durch das Gelobte Land, Indien und
Persien, dess ... Ritters J. de Montevilla ... von ihm
in Frantzösischer unnd Lateinischer Sprach ... beschrieben.
Nachmals durch O. von Dameringer ... verteutscht ... auffs
neuw corrigieret und mit ... Figuren gezieret.
Franckfurt am Mayn, 1580. 8^o.

790, m. 16. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. Reysen
ins gelobte Land ... Persien, Indien, Tartary, etc. 1584,
fol.

Grenville, 6714. Another copy of Sir John Mandeville's
travels in English, unfortunately mutilated, said to be probably
printed by Thomas East or Este[2]--but it is unlike his type--and
the engravings are totally different.

791, l. 12. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. Reysen
... durch das gelobte Landt, Indien, und Persien, etc.
1609, fol.

Grenville, 6715. Another copy of Sir John Mandeville's
travels. "Wherein is set downe the way to the Holy Land,
and to Hierusalem: as also to the land of the great Caane,
and of Prester John; to Inde, and diuers other countries:
together with the many and strange Meruailes therein. London,
_by Thomas Stansby_. 1618. 4^o. B. L.

10,056, bbb/2. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. De
wonderlijcke Reyse van I. Mandevijl, be schrijvende eerst de
Reyse ende gheschiedenisse van den H. Lande.... Daer
na de ghestaltenisse ende zeden van den Lande van Egipten,
Syrien, Persen ... Indien, ende Ethiopien, &c.--t'Amsterdam.
1650. 4^o.

Grenville, 6716. Voyages and travels, wherein is set down
the way to the Holy Land, &c. London, 1657. 4^o. B. L.

791, l. 25. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. Reysen
unnd Wanderschafften durch das gelobte Landt, Indien und
Persien ... durch Otto von Demeringen ... verteutscht.
1659, fol.

10,055, a. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller._ The
voyages and travels of Sir J. Mandevile, Knight. Wherein is
set down the way to the Holy Land, and to Hierusalem; as
also to the lands of the Great Caane, and of Prester John, &c.
(Woodcuts). B. L. Lond. 1670. 4^o.

12,410, f. 10. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. De
Wonderlycke Reyse van I. Mandevyl. Naer het H. Landt,
ghedan in 't Jaer 1322 &c. Antwerpen, 1677. 4^o.

Grenville, 6717. Another copy of Sir John Mandeville's
travels. London, for R. Scot, 1684. 4^o.

1045, h. 30. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. The
voyages of Sir I. M., &c. B. L. Lond. 1684. 4^o.

Grenville, 6718. Another copy of Sir John Mandeville's
travels. London, for R. Chiswell, &c. 1696. 4^o. The woodcuts
in this edition are the same as in Grenville 6717.

12,315, c. 5/4. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. Des
vortrefflich Welt-Erfahrnen ... Ritters Johannis de Montevilla,
curieuse Reiss-Beschreibung wie derselbe in das gelobte
Land, Palästinum, Jerusalem, Egypten, Türkey, Judäam,
Indien, Chinam, Persien, angekommen, und fast den ganzen
Erd-und Welt. Kriebs durchzogen seye; ... Nunmehrins
Teutsche übersetzt ... Jetzt von neuem auferlegt, vermehrt
und verbessert, &c. (no place named) 1700? 8^o.

1077, g. 35/2. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. The
voyages and travels of Sir J. M., &c. Lond. 1705. 4^o.

10,056, c. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. The
voyages and travels of Sir J. Mandevile ... where in is set
down the way to the Holy Land.... As also to the lands of
the Great Caan, and of Prester John; to India, and divers
other countries, &c. Lond. 1710. 4^o.

10,055, a. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. The
Travels and voyages of Sir J. M., &c. Lond. 1720? 12^o.

Grenville, 2247. Another copy of Sir John Mandeville's
travels. London, for J. Osborne. (A chap book.) No date
? 1720-30. 12^o.

683, f. 18. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. The voiage
and travaile of Sir I Maundevile, which treateth of the way
to Hierusalem, and of marvayles of Inde, with other ilands,
and countreyes. Now publish'd entire from an original MS. in
the Cotton Library. Lond. 1725. 8^o.

_Note._ There is another title page, with the date 1727.

149, b. 8. Another edition of the same in the King's
Library--without the 1727 title page.

The Grenville Library also has copies of the 1727 edition
of the Cotton M.S. and Halliwell's reprint of same, edition
1839.

212, e. 6. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. Receuil
ou abrègè des voiages et observations de, &c. (Receuil de
divers Voyages Curieux, &c.) Vol. 2. 1729. 4^o.

435, a. I. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. The Travels
and Voyages of Sir I. M. Lond. 1730? 8^o.

454, f. 6. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. See Bergeron
(P.) _Parisien_ Voyages faits principalement en Asie dans les
XII. XIII. XIV. et XV siecles, &c. 1735. 4^o.

100,56, cc. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. De
Wonderlÿke Reyse van Ian Mandevyl, &c. Amsterdam,
1742? 4^o.

790, b. 34. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. De wonderlyke
Reize van Jan Mandevyl, &c. Amsterdam 1750? 4^o.

1077, i. 14/23. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. The
foreign travels of Sir I. M., &c. (A chap book.) Aldermary
Church Yard, Lond. 1750? 12^o.

10,056, aa. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. De wonderlyke
Reize van Ian Mandevyl, &c. Amsterdam, 1760. 4^o.

10,055, b. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. De wonderlyke
Reize von I. Mandevyl, &c. Amsterdam, 1779. 4^o.

12,315, aaa. 6/3. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. The
foreign travels of Sir I. M., &c. London, 1780? 12^o. (A
chap book.)

1295, c. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. De wonderlyke
Reyse van Ian Mandevyl, naer het H. Land, gedden in 't
jaer 1622 (1322) ... Menheeft desen nieuwen Gendsehen
Druk van alle Touten gesuyverd, &c. Gend. 1780? 4^o.

1076, l. 3/12. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. The
foreign travels and dangerous voyages of Sir I. M. (A chap
book). London, 1785? 12^o.

209, h. II. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. Liber
Præsens ... agit de diversis patriis ... & insulis, Turcia,
Armenia, &c. Hakluyt's Collection of the early Voyages, &c.
Vol. 2. 1809, &c. 4^o.

790, g. 17. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. The
Voiage and Travaile of Sir I. Maundeville ... which treateth
of the way to Hierusalem; and of Marvayles of Inde, with
other Islands and Countryes. Reprinted from the Edition of
A.D. 1725, with an Introduction, Additional Notes, and Glossary,
by J. O. Halliwell. Lond. 1839. 8^o.

836, i. 23(I). Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_.
Bibliographische Untersuchungen über die Reise. Beschreibung
des Sir I. M., &c. 1840. 4^o.

2101, a. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. Early Travels
in Palestine, comprising the narratives of Arculf, Willibald ...
Sir I. Mandeville (the latter entitled The Book of Sir I. M.
A.D. 1322-1356), &c.--Bohn's Antiquarian Library, 1847, &c.
8^o.

1007, 6, aa. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. Des
edlen engelländischen Ritters ... J. v. Montevilla ... Reis
Beschreibung ... von Neueman's Licht gestellt durch O. F. H.
Schönhuth.

Reutlingen, 1865. 8^o.

10,075, g. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. The Voiage
and Travaile of Sir J. Maundevile ... Reprinted from the
edition of 1725. With an introduction, additional notes, and
glossary, by J. O. Halliwell, &c. Lond. 1866. 8^o.

11,900, bb. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) the _Traveller_. A Translation
of a portion of Sir J. M.'s travels. (Irish.) See _Todd_
(J. H.), _D.D._ Some account of the Irish manuscript, &c.
1867. 8^o.

12,226, bbbb. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. I.
Viaggi di G da Mandavilla. Volgarizzamento antico Toscano,
ora ridotto a buona lezione coll' ainto di due testi a penna per
cura di F. Zambrini. 2 vols. Bologna, Imola (printed) 1870.
8^o.

10,027, aaa. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _the Traveller_. The
English Explorers, &c.

_Note._ Forming part of "Nimmo's National Library," Lond.
Edinburgh (printed), 1875. 8^o.

Ac. 9057. Mandeville (_Sir_ John) _The Traveller_. Mandevilles
Rejse, på danok fra 15^{de} århundrede,... udgiven af
M. Lorenzen. 1881, &c. 8^o.

[Footnote 1: St. Albans.]

[Footnote 2: This edition has no date, but _Brunet_ says (vol.
iii. p. 1359) that it is printed from the same type used by
_Gerard Leeu_ at Antwerp in 1484 or 1485. As _Graesse_ also
confirms this, I attribute that date to it.]

[Footnote 3: The dated works of Est, Este, East, or Easte
range from 1565 to over 1600.]

[Decoration]

CHISWICK PRESS:--C. WHITTINGHAM AND CO., TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE.

Transcriber's Note:

- - indicates italic print;
= = indicates bold print;
+ + indicates Old English font;
^ or ^{} indicates a superscript.

[=] signifies a letter with a macron (straight line over) accent;
[~] signifies a letter, or letters, with a tilde over,
usually indicating an omitted letter (often 'n').
[°u] is small letter 'u' with ring above.

The spelling of this book is from the 14th Century, is often
phonetic, and is not necessarily consistent.

e.g., 'hear' (auditory) is also spelt 'here' and 'heare';
'here' (location) is also spelt 'heere', 'heare';
'here' has also been used to spell 'hair';
'were' is sometimes used for 'where';
'Jhon' is 'John', etc.

'y^t' usually means 'that', and 'y^e' is 'the'.

'to' is used for 'to' and 'too';
'by' for 'by' and 'buy';
'of' for 'of' and 'off';
and 'off' for 'off' and 'of'....

'li' = libre = a pound (both weight and money, depending on
context);
a groat = 4 pence; a florin = 2 shillings.

A word or name can be spelt several ways in the same paragraph,
and names capitalised and non-capitalised in the same sentence.

Apostrophes (of ownership) were sometimes present, sometimes
absent, even in the same paragraph.

Also, (e.g.):

'le IIII iour dauril' = 'le IIII jour d'avril' = the 4th day of April;
'natif dangleterre' = 'natif d'angleterre' = 'native of England', etc.

"And ye shall understande that Lothe was Arons sone, Abraham's
brother, and Sara Abraham's wyfe was Loths syster, and Sara was
xc yere olde when she gate Ysaac and Abraham had another son named
Ismael that he had gotten on his mayden Ager."

14th century spellings have not been modernised. 'u' was often,
but not always, printed for 'v'

Modern spelling rules did not apply until later in the reign of
Queen Victoria (19th century).

Many strange spellings of personal and place names have been
explained by the author in the Footnotes.

This book has many Footnotes, and the Footnotes have been placed
at the ends of their relevant Chapters.

Some missing or damaged punctuation has been repaired, though
punctuation was not always present.

Some Greek and Latin typos have been corrected.

Some illustrations which interrupted paragraphs have been moved to
more appropriate places. There are also some small 'glyphs' or
small drawings at the ends of some chapters, which have been
placed after the footnotes for the relevant chapters, thus
following the layout of the book.

Some illustrations have been re-used. One illustration has been
used multiple times. This was common practice with Chap Book
woodcuts, which would have been hand-carved.

Page xv: The inscription has a character which looks like a reversed
capital C, shown as [C], but which is actually a ROMAN NUMERAL
REVERSED ONE HUNDRED (U+2183).

The date of the inscription is given as CI[C]CCLXXXI,

i.e. hundreds, ten, (1000)
plus 200 plus 81,
or the year 1281.

Page 2: catell[5] = chattel ('goods and chattels').

Pages 5-6: Footnotes #5 and #9 each have 1 answer for 2 queries.

Page 42: 'Araham's' corrected to 'Abraham's'
(Not corrected in a Footnote).

"And two myle from Ebron is the grave of Loth[6] that was Abraham's
brother." (F. 6: Lot.)

Page 47: 'is' corrected to 'it'.

"... and that it was forbidden in the olde lawe."

Page 53. "... and thereby are three[15] other pyllers...."

Footnote 15: [Other editions say four, which is the number
represented in the engraving.] So this edition would appear to be
correct, as one pillar, plus three other pillars = four pillars.

Page 54: 'me' corrected to (second) 'men'. (original printer error?
or original author's careless style?)

"... as these landes are lost through sinne of Christen men, so
shall they be won againe by christen men throygh the helpe of God."

Page 58: "... they encline[1] thereto & and then they take it, and
laye it upon their heads, and afterward...."

Either '&' or 'and' is extraneous. For consistency, transcriber
removed '&'.

Page 84: Footnote #4 has 1 answer for 2 queries.

Page 91, Footnote 7: 'Khalif Molawakkel' corrected to
Khalif Motawakkel (i.e. Al-Mutawakkil) ...
(https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil).

Page 94: "... or else at Lamaton, And then enter shyppe againe,..."
is as printed, and it does make sense, in the context.

Page 110, Footnote 5: There are two Footnotes #5 and one Footnote
reference #5, all matching original, but they _are_ connected.

Page 120, Footnote 1: 'Monscoli' corrected to 'Monocoli'

"For instance, in Book 7, chap, li., devoted to Man, he (Plini)
quotes Ctesias as saying that in India is another race of men,
who are known as Monocoli, who have only one leg, but are able to
leap with surprising agility."

Page 152: Illustration removed: duplicate of illo on previous page.

Page 157, Footnote 1(cont): first letter 'tau' corrected to first
letter 'sigma' [Greek: 'tpithami' should be 'spithamai'], 'span'.

Page 162: Removed extraneous 'his'

"and the cause was we had so great desire to see the nobilitye of
his [his] court,..."

Page 167: 'coulentium' ... perhaps 'colentium'? 'coulentium' may
be an acceptable medieval spelling.

Page 167, Footnote 1: Ok-lar-Khan ... or Oktaï-Khan.
But some 19th century books give the name as Oktar, and there are
other possibilities.

Page 187, Footnote 6: Removed extraneous "on".

Silver Hoop about the end, whereon [on] is engraven _Griphi
Unguis_....

Page 206: 'if' correct as printed.

Middle English "All if" = "even though":

"even though the carbuncles give great light, nevertheless ...".

Page 233: Removed extraneous 'are'.

"In this countrey also are [are] found canes of an incredible
length,..."

Page 243, Footnote 1: 'Fokieu' corrected to 'Fokien' (typo).

Pages 277-289: The extra spaces in the book's layout have been
retained, as necessary to show the library cataloguing.

Page 277: 'chlr' is as printed. Abbreviation for chevalier (knight).

Grenville XXXIX. A 14 Cent. MS. fol. on vellum in double
columns,...

It commences "Ci comence le liure qui parle des diuersités des
pais qui sunt par universe monde: le quel liure fut compile par
mesire Jehan Mandeuille chlr ne dangleterre de la uille con dit
Saint Albain."

Pages 280 et seq: GRENVILLE

GRENVILLE, Thomas [1755-1846]. 'The Grenville Library'. Scope:
Approximately 16,000 works (in 20,240 volumes) collected by the
statesman and British Museum Trustee Thomas Grenville. The
collection contains printed books from the 15th to 19th centuries,
and complements the King's Library in terms of incunabula and
post-incunabula, early voyages, bibles, vernacular poetry and
romances (especially Italian and Spanish), and English literature.
The collection is particularly noted for its fine bindings.
Bequeathed to the Museum in 1846. Although part of the Grenville
Library, the volumes at G.20276-78 were absent from the collection
when it arrived at the British Museum. They were subsequently
acquired though the book trade by either the British Museum or the
British Library.

Page 281: 'zii' corrected to 'zü'. 'zu' may have been better, but
'zü' is used in the entry above, 'Gedrucht zü Augspurg' and now used
here, 'Getruckt zü Strassburg', to match. The entries are from 1482
and 1484, when spelling was more or less invented to suit the
writer's personal preferences.

Another copy has 'Gedruckt z[°u] Augspurg....'

Page 284-5: 'unnd' (as printed) is common in 16th century German.