Chapter I: Front Matter

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THE
WAR IN SYRIA.

BY

COMMODORE SIR CHARLES NAPIER, K.C.B.,

_&c._, _&c._, _&c._

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_IN TWO VOLUMES._

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VOL. II.

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LONDON:
JOHN W. PARKER, WEST STRAND.

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M.DCCC.XLII.

LONDON:
HARRISON AND CO., PRINTERS,
ST. MARTIN’S LANE.

CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME.

PAGE

CHAPTER I.

Gale on the Egyptian and Syrian Coasts—The Author’s return 1
to Marmorice Bay—Letters from the Admiral, the General and
the Ambassador regarding the Convention—The Author’s
Replies—Letter of the Admiral to Mehemet Ali—Commotion
occasioned by the Convention—Admiral’s Letter to the
Admiralty—Instruction of the 14th November—Captain
Fanshawe dispatched to Alexandria—Instruction to the
Admiral

CHAPTER II.

Captain Fanshawe’s proceedings at Alexandria—Letter from 20
Mehemet Ali to the Admiral—Official Report of Captain
Fanshawe—Letter of Mehemet Ali to the Grand Vizier—English
Ships again ordered to the Coast of Syria—Part of the
Convention carried into effect by the Admiral

CHAPTER III.

Captain Fanshawe’s Arrival at Constantinople—Interview with 33
the Grand Vizier—Conference of Ambassadors and Rechid
Pacha—Conduct of Lord Ponsonby; his Letter to Lord
Palmerston—The Porte accepts the submission of Mehemet
Ali—Letter of Rechid Pacha to the Ambassador and of the
Vizier to Mehemet Ali—Captain Fanshawe returns to
Marmorice

CHAPTER IV.

Disinclination of the Porte to confer the Hereditary 41
Pachalic on Mehemet Ali—Departure of the Turkish
Commissioners—Their orders—Opposition of the Austrian,
Prussian, and Russian Ministers to the views of Lord
Ponsonby—Lord Palmerston’s opinion of his conduct—Rewards
conferred on the Officers of the Squadron at Acre—News
from England—Approval of the Convention—Instruction of the
15th of December—Lord Palmerston’s Letter to Lord
Ponsonby—Prince Metternich and Count Nesselrode, in
approval of the Convention

CHAPTER V.

The Author ordered to Alexandria to carry the Convention 61
into effect—Interviews with the Pacha and Boghos
Bey—Letter from Boghos Bey explaining the Pacha’s
Intentions—Lieut. Loring dispatched to see the Evacuation
of Syria carried into effect; his Instructions—Letters to
the Chief Officers in Syria—Arrival of the Turkish
Commissioners at Alexandria-Surrender of the Turkish
Fleet—Bad Faith of the Turks-Correspondence between the
Author and Boghos Bey respecting the Cotton Crop—The
Commercial Treaty

CHAPTER VI.

The Author visits Cairo—The Mahmoudieh Canal—Fire on board 76
the Steamer—Voyage up the Nile—Appearance of the
Country—Condition of the People—Arrival at Cairo—Visit to
Abbas Pacha—Palace of Schoubrah—Establishments of the
Pacha—Industry of the Arabs—Visit to the Pyramids—Quit
Cairo

CHAPTER VII.

Letter from Captain Stewart—Apprehended Treachery of the 89
Turkish Authorities—Question of the Syrian Troops—Double
dealing of Mehemet Ali—The Author’s Letters to the chief
British and Turkish Officers—Letter to the Admiral

CHAPTER VIII.

Affairs in Syria—Letters of Sir Charles Smith to Lord 97
Palmerston—Course that ought to have been pursued after
the Battle of Boharsof—Ignorance as to Ibrahim’s Movements
and Intentions—General Michell to Lord Palmerston—M.
Steindl’s Report respecting the Advance upon Gaza—Captain
Stewart to the Admiral—General Michell’s and Captain
Stewart’s Opinion as to Lord Ponsonby’s
Orders—Correspondence between Captain Stewart and General
Jochmus

CHAPTER IX.

Examination of the Conduct of General Jochmus regarding 119
Ibrahim Pacha’s Retreat—Sir Robert Stopford styled by him
Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Forces—The General’s
Reports to Sir Robert Stopford—Unwillingness of the
Admiral to prolong the War—Reported Destruction of the
Egyptian Army—Advance upon Gaza—Colonel Alderson’s
Narrative of the Skirmish of Medjdel

CHAPTER X.

General Jochmus’s farther Reports to Sir Robert 134
Stopford—Destruction of the Magazines at Maan—Ignorance as
to Ibrahim’s movements—Ibrahim crosses the Jordan to
Jericho, and menaces Jerusalem, while supposed to be
wandering in the Desert—General Jochmus’s Account of the
Movements of Ibrahim—Reported Destruction of his
Infantry—Ibrahim did not intend to enter Palestine—His
Statement to Colonel Napier

CHAPTER XI.

Fruitless Journey of the Envoys sent in quest of Ibrahim 141
Pacha—Arrival of part of the Egyptian Army at
Gaza—Promised Neutrality of the Turks—The Egyptians
informed of the Cessation of Hostilities by the English
Officers—Terms recommended by Mr. Wood to be imposed upon
Ibrahim Pacha—Colonel Napier’s Narrative of the Retreat of
Ibrahim Pacha

CHAPTER XII.

Conduct of Mr. Wood—His Letter to the Seraskier examined—His 157
Advice disregarded by the British Officers—Mission of
Colonel Alderson to Gaza—Colonel Rose’s Account of the
State of Ibrahim’s Army—Colonel Alderson’s Character of
Ibrahim Pacha—Death of General Michell

CHAPTER XIII.

Detail of the Retreat of the Egyptians—Treacherous 172
Intentions of the Turkish Authorities—Decided Conduct of
the British Officers—Guarantees exchanged—Fright of Rechid
Pacha—Letter from Ibrahim to the Seraskier—The Author’s
Letters to Lords Minto and Palmerston

CHAPTER XIV.

Contradictory Statements as to the Numbers of the Egyptian Army—Reason
for abiding by the Reports of the
British Officers—Colonel Alderson’s Detail of the 182
Retreat—General Jochmus’s Statement—Lieut. Loring’s
Mission

CHAPTER XV.

Embarkation of the Egyptians—Mode in which it was 191
conducted—Departure of Ibrahim Pacha—Retreat of Souliman’s
Division—Complete Evacuation of Syria—Letter of Lord
Ponsonby—Delivery of the Turkish Fleet—Anxiety of Mehemet
Ali for the safety of his Army—Letter from Boghos Bey to
the Author on the subject

CHAPTER XVI.

Examination of the Conduct of the Allied Ministers at 199
Constantinople—Lord Ponsonby’s Propositions regarding the
Hereditary Government of Egypt—Approved by the other
Allied Ministers, but on consideration rejected by
them—Lord Palmerston’s Conversation with the Turkish
Minister—Note of the Four Powers in favour of the
Hereditary Tenure

CHAPTER XVII.

Determination of the Allied Courts to secure the Hereditary 214
Pachalic for Mehemet Ali—Correspondence between Baron
Stunner and Lord Ponsonby—Decisive Instructions from Lord
Palmerston to Lord Ponsonby—Conference of the Allied
Ministers with Rechid Pacha—Project for settling the
Egyptian Question—Lord Ponsonby’s Observations at the
Conference—The Firmans decided on—Refusal of Lord Ponsonby
to allow the English Consul-General to return to
Egypt—Lord Ponsonby’s Letter to Rechid Pacha

CHAPTER XVIII.

Delay in forwarding the Firmans to Mehemet Ali—Instructions 226
to the Commissioner—The Author’s Visit to the Egyptian
Flag-ship—Substance of the Firmans—Objections of the
Pacha—The Author’s Advice—Letter to Lord Palmerston—The
Author’s last Interview with Mehemet Ali—Return to
Malta—Correspondence with Sir Robert Stopford—Return to
England

CHAPTER XIX.

Meeting of the Foreign Ministers in London—Protocol of the 244
5th March—Note of Chekib Effendi—Note of the 13th of
March—Lord Palmerston’s explanation of the Views of the
Allies regarding the Hereditary Tenure—Conference of the
16th March—Protocol—Endeavour to include France in a
Convention for closing the Straits of the Dardanelles and
Bosphorus—False Position of the Porte—Views of Lord
Ponsonby and of the other Ambassadors—Instructions of the
Austrian and British Governments—Opinions of M.
Guizot—Turkish Plan of Settlement—Note of the 10th May

CHAPTER XX.

Colonel Napier’s Account of his Missions to Egypt—Seizure of 259
the Maronite and Druse Emirs and Sheikhs—Their Condition
in Egypt—Their Return to Syria—False Assertions of the
French—Mission for the Liberation of the Syrian
Soldiers—Difficulty of ascertaining their Number—Bad Faith
of the Pacha—Infamous Proposal of a Turkish Officer—Sudden
termination of the Negotiation—Suspicious conduct of the
Egyptians—Liberation of the Syrians

CHAPTER XXI.

Prince Metternich’s Orders to the Internuncio—Lord 267
Ponsonby’s Correspondence with Baron Stürmer—Hesitation of
the Porte—Message from Lord Ponsonby to Rifat Pacha—The
new Firman granted—Accepted by Mehemet Ali—Termination of
the Eastern Question

CHAPTER XXII.

Review of the Turco-Egyptian Question—Mehemet Ali not the 275
Aggressor—Hostile Preparations of the
Porte—Representations of the Allied Powers—What Interests
affected by the Independence of Mehemet Ali—Views of
France—Designs of Russia

CHAPTER XXIII.

Errors of the Pacha—His proper Course of 285
Action—Mismanagement of Ibrahim Pacha in Syria—Gain or
Loss of Turkey by the acquisition of Syria—Conduct of the
Turks in Lebanon—Quarrels of the Mountaineers—Ill
treatment of the Prince—Consequent hatred of Turkish
rule—Conclusion