Chapter XVII: Appendix

Text size

TABLE 32.--Temperature Conversion Tables.

TABLE 33.--Comparison Between Degrees Centigrade and Degrees Fahrenheit.

TABLE 34.--Weight of Round, Octagon and Square Carbon Tool Steel per Foot.

TABLE 35.--Weight of Round Carbon Tool Steel 12 In. in Diameter and Larger, per Foot.

TABLE 36.--Decimal Equivalents of a foot.

TEMPERATURE CONVERSION TABLES

By ALBERT SAUVEUR

-------------------------------------------------------------------------- -459.4 to 0 | 0 to 100 | 100 to 1000 -----------------|------------------------------|------------------------- C. F. | C. F. | C. F. | C. F.| C. F. -----------------|---------------|--------------|-----------|------------- -273 -459.4 |-17.8 0 32 |10.0 50 122.0| 38 100 212|260 500 932 -268 -450 |-17.2 1 33.8|10.6 51 123.8| 43 110 230|266 510 950 -262 -440 |-16.7 2 35.6|11.1 52 125.6| 49 120 248|271 520 968 -257 -430 |-16.1 3 37.4|11.7 53 127.4| 54 130 266|277 530 986 -251 -420 |-15.6 4 39.2|12.2 54 129.2| 60 140 284|282 540 1004 -246 -410 |-15.0 5 41.0|12.8 55 131.0| 66 150 302|288 550 1022 -240 -400 |-14.4 6 42.8|13.3 56 132.8| 71 160 320|293 560 1040 -234 -390 |-13.9 7 44.6|13.9 57 134.6| 77 170 336|299 570 1058 -229 -380 |-13.3 8 46.4|14.4 58 136.4| 82 180 358|304 580 1076 -223 -370 |-12.8 9 48.2|15.0 59 138.2| 88 190 374|310 590 1094 -218 -360 |-12.2 10 50.0|15.6 60 140.0| 93 200 392|316 600 1112 -212 -350 |-11.7 11 51.8|16.1 61 141.8| 99 210 410|321 610 1130 -207 -340 |-11.1 12 53.6|16.7 62 143.6|100 212 413|327 620 1148 -201 -330 |-10.6 13 55.4|17.2 63 145.4|104 220 428|332 630 1166 -196 -320 |-10.0 14 57.2|17.8 64 147.2|110 230 446|338 640 1184 -190 -310 | -9.44 15 59.0|18.3 65 149.0|116 240 464|343 650 1202 -184 -300 | -8.89 16 61.8|18.9 66 150.8|121 250 482|349 660 1220 -179 -290 | -8.33 17 63.6|19.4 67 152.6|127 260 500|354 670 1238 -173 -280 | -7.78 18 65.4|20.0 68 154.4|132 270 518|360 680 1256 -169 -273 -459.4| -7.22 19 67.2|20.6 69 156.2|138 280 536|366 690 1274 -168 -270 -454 | -6.67 20 68.0|21.1 70 158.0|143 290 554|371 700 1292 -162 -260 -436 | -6.11 21 69.8|21.7 71 159.8|149 300 572|377 710 1310 -157 -250 -418 | -5.56 22 71.6|22.2 72 161.6|154 310 590|382 720 1328 -151 -240 -400 | -5.00 23 73.4|22.8 73 163.4|160 320 608|388 730 1346 -146 -230 -382 | -4.44 24 75.2|23.3 74 165.2|166 330 626|393 740 1364 -140 -220 -364 | -3.89 25 77.0|23.9 75 167.0|171 340 644|399 750 1382 -134 -210 -346 | -3.33 26 78.8|24.4 76 168.8|177 350 662|404 760 1400 -129 -200 -328 | -2.78 27 80.6|25.0 77 170.6|182 360 680|410 770 1418 -123 -190 -310 | -2.22 28 82.4|25.6 78 172.4|188 370 698|416 780 1436 -118 -180 -292 | -1.67 29 84.2|26.1 79 174.2|193 380 716|421 790 1454 -112 -170 -274 | -1.11 30 86.0|26.7 80 176.0|199 390 734|427 800 1472 -107 -160 -256 | -0.56 31 87.8|27.2 81 177.8|204 400 752|432 810 1490 -101 -150 -238 | 0 32 89.6|27.8 82 179.6|210 410 770|438 820 1508 -95.6 -140 -220 | 0.56 33 91.4|28.3 83 181.4|216 420 788|443 830 1526 -90.0 -130 -202 | 1.11 34 93.2|28.9 84 183.2|221 430 806|449 840 1544 -84.4 -120 -184 | 1.67 35 95.0|29.4 85 185.0|227 440 824|454 850 1562 -78.9 -110 -166 | 2.22 36 96.8|30.0 86 186.8|232 450 842|460 860 1580 -73.3 -100 -148 | 2.78 37 98.6|30.6 87 188.6|238 460 860|466 870 1598 -67.8 -90 -130 | 3.33 38 100.4|31.1 88 190.4|243 470 878|471 880 1616 -62.2 -80 -112 | 3.89 39 102.2|31.7 89 192.2|249 480 896|477 890 1634 -56.7 -70 -94 | 4.44 40 104.0|32.2 90 194.0|254 490 914|482 900 1652 -51.1 -60 -76 | 5.00 41 105.8|32.8 91 195.8| |488 910 1670 -45.6 -50 -58 | 5.56 42 107.6|33.3 92 197.6| |493 920 1688 -40.0 -40 -40 | 6.11 43 109.4|33.9 93 199.4| |499 930 1706 -34.4 -30 -22 | 6.67 44 111.2|34.4 94 201.2| |504 940 1724 -28.9 -20 4 | 7.22 45 113.0|35.0 95 203.0| |510 950 1742 -23.3 -10 14 | 7.78 46 114.8|35.6 96 204.8| |516 960 1760 -17.8 0 32 | 8.33 47 116.6|36.1 97 206.6| |521 970 1778 | 8.89 48 118.4|36.7 98 208.4| |527 980 1796 | 9.44 49 120.2|37.2 99 210.2| |532 990 1814 | |37.8 100 212.0| |538 1000 1832 --------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------- 1000 to 2000 | 2000 to 3000 -------------------------------|-------------------------------- C. F. | C. F. | C. F. | C. F. --------------|----------------|----------------|--------------- 538 1000 1832 | 816 1500 2732 | 1093 2000 3632 | 1371 2500 4534 543 1010 1850 | 821 1510 2750 | 1099 2010 3650 | 1377 2510 4552 549 1020 1868 | 827 1520 2768 | 1104 2020 3668 | 1382 2520 4560 554 1030 1886 | 832 1530 2786 | 1110 2030 3686 | 1388 2530 4588 560 1040 1904 | 838 1540 2804 | 1116 2040 3704 | 1393 2540 4606 566 1050 1922 | 843 1550 2822 | 1121 2050 3722 | 1399 2550 4622 571 1060 1940 | 849 1560 2840 | 1127 2060 3740 | 1404 2560 4640 577 1070 1958 | 854 1570 2858 | 1132 2070 3758 | 1410 2570 4658 582 1080 1976 | 860 1580 2876 | 1138 2080 3776 | 1416 2580 4676 588 1090 1994 | 866 1590 2894 | 1143 2090 3794 | 1421 2590 4694 593 1100 2012 | 871 1600 2912 | 1149 2100 3812 | 1427 2600 4712 599 1110 2030 | 877 1610 2930 | 1154 2110 3830 | 1432 2610 4730 604 1120 2048 | 882 1620 2948 | 1160 2120 3848 | 1438 2620 4748 610 1130 2066 | 888 1630 2966 | 1166 2130 3866 | 1443 2630 4766 616 1140 2084 | 893 1640 2984 | 1171 2140 3884 | 1449 2640 4784 621 1150 2102 | 899 1650 3002 | 1777 2150 3902 | 1454 2650 4802 627 1160 2120 | 904 1660 3020 | 1182 2160 3920 | 1460 2660 4820 632 1170 2138 | 910 1670 3038 | 1188 2170 3938 | 1466 2670 4838 638 1180 2156 | 916 1680 3056 | 1193 2180 3956 | 1471 2680 4854 643 1190 2174 | 921 1690 3074 | 1199 2190 3974 | 1477 2690 4876 649 1200 2192 | 927 1700 3092 | 1204 2200 3992 | 1482 2700 4892 654 1210 2210 | 932 1710 3110 | 1210 2210 4010 | 1488 2710 4910 660 1220 2228 | 938 1720 3128 | 1216 2220 4028 | 1493 2720 4928 666 1230 2246 | 943 1730 3146 | 1221 2230 4046 | 1499 2730 4946 671 1240 2264 | 949 1740 3164 | 1227 2240 4064 | 1504 2740 4964 677 1250 2282 | 954 1750 3182 | 1232 2250 4082 | 1510 2750 4982 682 1260 2300 | 960 1760 3200 | 1238 2260 4100 | 1516 2760 5000 688 1270 2318 | 966 1770 3218 | 1243 2270 4118 | 1521 2770 5018 693 1280 2336 | 971 1780 3236 | 1249 2280 4136 | 1527 2780 5036 699 1290 2354 | 977 1790 3254 | 1254 2290 4154 | 1532 2790 5054 704 1300 2372 | 982 1800 3272 | 1260 2300 4172 | 1538 2800 5072 710 1310 2390 | 988 1810 3290 | 1266 2310 4190 | 1543 2810 5090 716 1320 2408 | 993 1820 3308 | 1271 2320 4208 | 1549 2820 5108 721 1330 2426 | 999 1830 3326 | 1277 2330 4226 | 1554 2830 5126 727 1340 2444 | 1004 1840 3344 | 1282 2340 4244 | 1560 2840 5144 732 1350 2462 | 1010 1850 3362 | 1288 2350 4262 | 1566 2850 5162 738 1360 2480 | 1016 1860 3380 | 1293 2360 4280 | 1571 2860 5180 743 1370 2498 | 1021 1870 3398 | 1299 2370 4298 | 1577 2870 5198 749 1380 2516 | 1027 1880 3416 | 1304 2380 4316 | 1582 2880 5216 754 1390 2534 | 1032 1890 3434 | 1310 2390 4334 | 1588 2890 5234 760 1400 2552 | 1038 1900 3452 | 1316 2400 4352 | 1593 2900 5252 766 1410 2570 | 1043 1910 3470 | 1321 2410 4370 | 1599 2910 5270 771 1420 2588 | 1049 1920 3488 | 1327 2420 4388 | 1604 2920 5288 777 1430 2606 | 1054 1930 3506 | 1332 2430 4406 | 1610 2930 5306 782 1440 2624 | 1060 1940 3524 | 1338 2440 4424 | 1616 2940 5324 788 1450 2642 | 1066 1950 3542 | 1343 2450 4442 | 1621 2950 5342 793 1460 2660 | 1071 1960 3560 | 1349 2460 4460 | 1627 2960 5360 799 1470 2678 | 1077 1970 3578 | 1354 2470 4478 | 1632 2970 5378 804 1480 2696 | 1082 1980 3596 | 1360 2480 4496 | 1638 2980 5396 810 1490 2714 | 1088 1990 3614 | 1366 2490 4514 | 1643 2990 5414 | 1093 2000 3632 | | 1649 3000 5432 ---------------------------------------------------------------

NOTE.--The numbers in bold face type refer to the temperature either in degrees Centigrade or Fahrenheit which it is desired to convert into the other scale. If converting from Fahrenheit degrees to Centigrade degrees the equivalent temperature will be found in the left column, while if converting from degrees Centigrade to degrees Fahrenheit, the answer will be found in the column on the right. These tables are a revision of those by Sauveur & Boylston, metallurgical engineers, Cambridge, Mass. Copyright, 1920.

INTERPOLATION FACTORS

C. F. C. F. 0.56 1 1.8 | 3.33 6 10.8 1.11 2 3.6 | 3.89 7 12.6 1.67 3 5.4 | 4.44 8 14.4 2.22 4 7.2 | 5.00 9 16.2 2.78 5 9.0 | 5.56 10 18.0

Those using pyrometers will find this and the preceding conversion table of great convenience:

TABLE 33.--COMPARISON BETWEEN DEGREES CENTIGRADE AND DEGREES FAHRENHEIT ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Degrees | Degrees | Degrees | Degrees | Degrees | Degrees | Degrees ---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|------------- F.| C. | F.| C. | F.| C. | F.| C. | F.| C. | F.| C. | F.| C. ---|-----|---|-----|---|-----|---|-----|---|-----|---|-----|-----|------- -40|-40.0| 3|-16.1| 46| 7.7| 89| 31.6|132| 55.5|175| 79.4| 275| 135.0 -39|-39.4| 4|-15.5| 47| 8.3| 90| 32.2|133| 56.1|176| 80.0| 300| 148.8 -38|-38.8| 5|-15.0| 48| 8.8| 91| 32.7|134| 56.6|177| 80.5| 325| 162.7 -37|-38.3| 6|-14.4| 49| 9.3| 92| 33.3|135| 57.2|178| 81.1| 350| 176.6 -36|-37.7| 7|-13.8| 50| 10.0| 93| 33.9|136| 57.7|179| 81.6| 375| 190.5 -35|-37.2| 8|-13.3| 51| 10.5| 94| 34.4|137| 58.3|180| 82.2| 400| 204.4 -34|-36.6| 9|-12.7| 52| 11.1| 95| 35.0|138| 58.8|181| 82.7| 425| 218.3 -33|-36.1| 10|-12.2| 53| 11.6| 96| 35.5|139| 59.4|182| 83.3| 450| 232.2 -32|-35.5| 11|-11.6| 54| 12.2| 97| 36.1|140| 60.0|183| 83.8| 475| 246.1 -31|-35.0| 12|-11.1| 55| 12.7| 98| 36.6|141| 60.5|184| 84.4| 500| 260.0 -30|-34.4| 13|-10.5| 56| 13.3| 99| 37.2|142| 61.1|185| 85.0| 525| 273.8 -29|-33.9| 14|-10.0| 57| 13.8|100| 37.7|143| 61.6|186| 85.5| 550| 287.7 -28|-33.3| 15| -9.3| 58| 14.4|101| 38.3|144| 62.2|187| 86.1| 575| 301.6 -27|-32.7| 16| -8.8| 59| 15.0|102| 38.8|145| 62.7|188| 86.6| 600| 315.5 -26|-32.2| 17| -8.3| 60| 15.5|103| 39.4|146| 63.3|189| 87.2| 625| 329.4 -25|-31.6| 18| -7.7| 61| 16.1|104| 40.0|147| 63.8|190| 87.7| 650| 343.3 -24|-31.1| 19| -7.2| 62| 16.6|105| 40.5|148| 64.4|191| 88.3| 675| 357.2 -23|-30.5| 20| -6.6| 63| 17.2|106| 41.1|149| 65.0|192| 88.8| 700| 371.1 -22|-30.0| 21| -6.1| 64| 17.7|107| 41.6|150| 65.5|193| 89.4| 725| 385.0 -21|-29.4| 22| -5.5| 65| 18.3|108| 42.2|151| 66.1|194| 90.0| 750| 398.8 -20|-28.8| 23| -5.0| 66| 18.8|109| 42.7|152| 66.6|195| 90.5| 775| 412.7 -19|-28.3| 24| -4.4| 67| 19.4|110| 43.3|153| 67.2|196| 91.1| 800| 426.6 -18|-27.7| 25| -3.8| 68| 20.0|111| 43.8|154| 67.7|197| 91.6| 825| 440.5 -17|-27.2| 26| -3.3| 69| 20.5|112| 44.4|155| 68.3|198| 92.2| 850| 454.4 -16|-26.6| 27| -2.7| 70| 21.1|113| 45.0|156| 68.8|199| 92.7| 875| 468.3 -15|-26.1| 28| -2.2| 71| 21.6|114| 45.5|157| 69.4|200| 93.3| 900| 482.2 -14|-25.5| 29| -1.6| 72| 22.2|115| 46.1|158| 70.0|201| 93.8| 925| 496.1 -13|-25.0| 30| -1.1| 73| 22.7|116| 46.6|159| 70.5|202| 94.4| 950| 510.0 -12|-24.4| 31| -0.5| 74| 23.3|117| 47.2|160| 71.1|203| 95.0| 975| 523.8 -11|-23.8| 32| -0.0| 75| 23.8|118| 47.7|161| 71.6|204| 95.5|1,000| 537.7 -10|-23.3| 33| +0.5| 76| 24.4|119| 48.3|162| 72.2|205| 96.1|1,100| 593.3 -9|-22.7| 34| 1.1| 77| 25.0|120| 48.8|163| 72.7|206| 96.6|1,200| 648.8 -8|-22.2| 35| 1.6| 78| 25.5|121| 49.4|164| 73.3|207| 97.2|1,300| 704.4 -7|-21.6| 36| 2.2| 79| 26.1|122| 50.0|165| 73.8|208| 97.7|1,400| 760.0 -6|-21.1| 37| 2.7| 80| 26.6|123| 50.5|166| 74.4|209| 98.3|1,500| 815.5 -5|-20.5| 38| 3.3| 81| 27.2|124| 51.1|167| 75.0|210| 98.8|1,600| 871.1 -4|-20.0| 39| 3.8| 82| 27.7|125| 51.6|168| 75.5|211| 99.4|1,700| 926.6 -3|-19.4| 40| 4.4| 83| 28.3|126| 52.2|169| 76.1|212|100.0|1,800| 982.2 -2|-18.8| 41| 5.0| 84| 28.8|127| 52.7|170| 76.6|213|100.5|1,900|1,037.7 -1|-18.3| 42| 5.5| 85| 29.4|128| 53.3|171| 77.2|214|101.1|2,000|1,093.3 0|-17.7| 43| 6.1| 86| 30.0|129| 53.8|172| 77.7|215|101.6|2,100|1,148.8 +1|-17.2| 44| 6.6| 87| 30.5|130| 54.4|173| 78.3|225|107.2|2,200|1,204.4 2|-16.6| 45| 7.2| 88| 31.1|131| 55.0|174| 78.8|250|121.1|2,300|1,260.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------

9 x degrees C.
Degrees Fahrenheit = -------------- + 32
5

5 x (degrees F. - 32)
Degrees Centigrade = ---------------------
9

Three other useful tables are also given on the following pages.

TABLE 34.--WEIGHT OF ROUND, OCTAGON AND SQUARE CARBON TOOL STEEL PER FOOT
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Size | | | | Size | | |
in | Round |Octagon | Square | in | Round | Octagon | Square
inches | | | | inches | | |
--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|---------|--------
1/16 | 0.010 | 0.011 | 0.013 | 2-1/2 | 16.79 | 17.71 | 21.37
1/8 | 0.042 | 0.044 | 0.053 | 2-5/8 | 18.51 | 19.52 | 23.56
3/16 | 0.094 | 0.099 | 0.120 | 2-3/4 | 20.31 | 21.42 | 25.86
1/4 | 0.168 | 0.177 | 0.214 | 2-7/8 | 22.20 | 23.41 | 28.27
5/16 | 0.262 | 0.277 | 0.334 | 3 | 24.17 | 25.50 | 30.78
3/8 | 0.378 | 0.398 | 0.481 | 3-1/8 | 26.23 | 27.66 | 33.40
7/16 | 0.514 | 0.542 | 0.655 | 3-1/4 | 28.37 | 29.92 | 36.12
1/2 | 0.671 | 0.708 | 0.855 | 3-3/8 | 30.59 | 32.27 | 38.95
9/16 | 0.850 | 0.896 | 1.082 | 3-1/2 | 32.90 | 34.70 | 41.89
5/8 | 1.049 | 1.107 | 1.336 | 3-5/8 | 35.29 | 37.23 | 44.94
11/16 | 1.270 | 1.339 | 1.616 | 3-3/4 | 37.77 | 39.84 | 48.09
3/4 | 1.511 | 1.594 | 1.924 | 3-7/8 | 40.33 | 42.54 | 51.35
13/16 | 1.773 | 1.870 | 2.258 | 4 | 42.97 | 45.34 | 54.72
7/8 | 2.056 | 2.169 | 2.618 | 4-1/4 | 48.51 | 51.17 | 61.77
15/16 | 2.361 | 2.490 | 3.006 | 4-1/2 | 54.39 | 57.37 | 69.25
1 | 2.686 | 2.833 | 3.420 | 4-3/4 | 60.60 | 63.92 | 77.16
1-1/8 | 3.399 | 3.585 | 4.328 | 5 | 67.15 | 70.83 | 85.50
1-1/4 | 4.197 | 4.427 | 5.344 | 5-1/4 | 74.03 | 78.08 | 94.26
1-3/8 | 5.078 | 5.356 | 6.646 | 5-1/2 | 81.25 | 85.70 | 103.45
1-1/2 | 6.044 | 6.374 | 7.695 | 5-3/4 | 88.80 | 93.67 | 113.07
1-5/8 | 7.093 | 7.481 | 9.031 | 6 | 96.69 | 101.99 | 123.12
1-3/4 | 8.226 | 8.674 | 10.474 | 7 | 131.61 | 138.82 | 167.58
1-7/8 | 9.443 | 9.960 | 12.023 | 8 | 171.90 | 181.32 | 218.88
2 | 10.744 | 11.332 | 13.680 | 9 | 217.57 | 229.48 | 277.02
2-1/8 | 12.129 | 12.793 | 15.443 | 10 | 268.60 | 283.31 | 342.00
2-1/4 | 13.598 | 14.343 | 17.314 | 11 | 325.01 | 342.80 | 413.82
2-3/8 | 15.151 | 15.981 | 19.291 | 12 | 386.79 | 407.97 | 492.48
------------------------------------------------------------------------

High-speed steel, being more dense than carbon steel, weighs from 10 to 11 per cent more than carbon steel. This should be added to figures given in the table.

TABLE 35.--WEIGHT OF ROUND, CARBON TOOL STEEL 12 IN. IN DIAMETER
AND LARGER, PER FOOT
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Diameter, | Weight | Diameter, | Weight | Diameter, | Weight
inches | per foot | inches | per foot | inches | per foot
-----------|----------|-----------|----------|-----------|----------
12 | 386.790 | 15-7/8 | 677.527 | 19-3/4 | 1,049.010
12-1/8 | 395.518 | 16 | 687.600 | 19-7/8 | 1,061.705
12-1/4 | 404.246 | 16-1/8 | 699.017 | 20 | 1,074.400
12-3/8 | 412.974 | 16-1/4 | 710.435 | 20-1/8 | 1,088.502
12-1/2 | 421.702 | 16-3/8 | 721.852 | 20-1/4 | 1,102.605
12-5/8 | 430.430 | 16-1/2 | 733.270 | 20-3/8 | 1,116.707
12-3/4 | 439.158 | 16-5/8 | 744.687 | 20-1/2 | 1,130.810
12-7/8 | 447.886 | 16-3/4 | 756.105 | 20-5/8 | 1,144.912
13 | 456.615 | 16-7/8 | 767.522 | 20-3/4 | 1,159.015
13-1/8 | 465.343 | 17 | 778.940 | 20-7/8 | 1,173.118
13-1/4 | 474.071 | 17-1/8 | 790.358 | 21 | 1,187.220
13-3/8 | 482.799 | 17-1/4 | 801.777 | 21-1/8 | 1,201.322
13-1/2 | 491.527 | 17-3/8 | 813.195 | 21-1/4 | 1,215.425
13-5/8 | 500.255 | 17-1/2 | 824.614 | 21-3/8 | 1,229.527
13-3/4 | 508.983 | 17-5/8 | 836.030 | 21-1/2 | 1,243.630
13-7/8 | 517.711 | 17-3/4 | 847.447 | 21-5/8 | 1,257.732
14 | 526.440 | 17-7/8 | 858.863 | 21-3/4 | 1,271.835
14-1/8 | 536.512 | 18 | 870.280 | 21-7/8 | 1,285.937
14-1/4 | 546.585 | 18-1/8 | 883.105 | 22 | 1,300.040
14-3/8 | 556.657 | 18-1/4 | 895.920 | 22-1/8 | 1,315.485
14-1/2 | 566.730 | 18-3/8 | 908.740 | 22-1/4 | 1,330.930
14-5/8 | 576.802 | 18-1/2 | 921.560 | 22-3/8 | 1,346.375
14-3/4 | 586.875 | 18-5/8 | 934.380 | 22-1/2 | 1,361.820
14-7/8 | 596.947 | 18-3/4 | 947.200 | 22-5/8 | 1,377.265
15 | 607.020 | 18-7/8 | 960.020 | 22-3/4 | 1,392.710
15-1/8 | 617.092 | 19 | 972.840 | 22-7/8 | 1,408.155
15-1/4 | 627.165 | 19-1/8 | 985.035 | 23 | 1,423.600
15-3/8 | 637.237 | 19-1/4 | 998.230 | 23-1/8 | 1,454.490
15-1/2 | 647.310 | 19-3/8 |1,010.925 | 23-1/4 | 1,485.380
15-5/8 | 657.382 | 19-1/2 |1,023.620 | 23-3/8 | 1,516.270
15-3/4 | 667.455 | 19-5/8 |1,036.315 | 24 | 1,547.160
--------------------------------------------------------------------

To find the weight of discs made of carbon steel, in diameters up to and including 12 in., without any allowance for finishing multiply the per foot weight of round bar steel, shown herewith by the decimal equivalent of a foot given in the following table:

TABLE 36.--DECIMAL EQUIVALENTS OF A FOOT
---------------------------------------------------------------------
In. | 0 | 1/8 | 1/4 | 3/8 | 1/2 | 5/8 | 3/4 | 7/8
-----|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------
0 | 0.000 | 0.010 | 0.021 | 0.031 | 0.042 | 0.052 | 0.063 | 0.073
1 | 0.083 | 0.094 | 0.104 | 0.115 | 0.125 | 0.135 | 0.146 | 0.156
2 | 0.167 | 0.177 | 0.188 | 0.198 | 0.208 | 0.219 | 0.229 | 0.240
3 | 0.250 | 0.260 | 0.270 | 0.281 | 0.292 | 0.302 | 0.313 | 0.323
4 | 0.333 | 0.344 | 0.354 | 0.364 | 0.375 | 0.385 | 0.396 | 0.406
5 | 0.416 | 0.427 | 0.437 | 0.448 | 0.458 | 0.469 | 0.479 | 0.480
6 | 0.500 | 0.510 | 0.520 | 0.531 | 0.542 | 0.552 | 0.563 | 0.573
7 | 0.583 | 0.594 | 0.604 | 0.615 | 0.625 | 0.635 | 0.646 | 0.656
8 | 0.666 | 0.677 | 0.687 | 0.698 | 0.708 | 0.719 | 0.729 | 0.740
9 | 0.750 | 0.760 | 0.770 | 0.781 | 0.792 | 0.802 | 0.813 | 0.823
10 | 0.833 | 0.844 | 0.854 | 0.865 | 0.875 | 0.885 | 0.896 | 0.906
11 | 0.916 | 0.927 | 0.937 | 0.948 | 0.953 | 0.969 | 0.979 | 0.990
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EXAMPLE.--If the weight of a carbon steel disc 7 in. diameter, 1-5/8 in. thick is desired, turn to page 233, where the per foot weight of 7 in. round is given as 131.6 lb. Multiply this by the decimal equivalent of 1-5/8 in., or 0.135, as shown in the above table, and the product will be the net weight of the disc.

131.61 lb. = the weight of 1 ft. of 7 in. round. 0.135 = the per foot decimal equivalent of 1-5/8 in: ------------ 65805 39483 13161 ------------ 17.76735 lb. = weight of disc 7 in. diam. 1-5/8 in. thick without any allowance for finishing.

AUTHORITES QUOTED

ADDIS, W H. AMERICAN MACHINISTS' HANDBOOK AMERICAN STEEL TREARERS' SOCIETY AMERICAN GEAR MFRS. ASSO. AUTOMATIC AND ELECTRIC FURNACES LTD. ARNOLD, PROF. J. O.

BURLEIGH, R. W. BORDEN, B. BOKER, HERMAN & Co. BROWN INSTRUMENT Co. BROWN-LIPE-CHAPLIN Co.

CAMPBELL, H. H. CARHART, H. A. CLAYTON, C. Y. CURTIS AIRPLANE Co.

ENGLEHARD, CHARLES ENSAW, HOWARD

FIRTH-STERLING STEEL Co. FIRTH, THOMAS & SONS FOWLER, HENRY

GILBERT & BARKER

HAYWAHD, C. R. HOWE, DR. H. M. HOOVER STEEL BALL CO. HEATHCOTE, H. L. HARRIS, MATTHEW HUNTER, J. V.

JANITZKY, E. J. JOHNSTON, A. B. JUTHE, K. A.

LATROBE STEEL CO. LUDLUM STEEL CO. LEEDS & NORTHRUP CO. LYMAN, W. H.

MANSFIELD, C. A. MIDVALE STEEL Co. McKENNA, ROY C. MOULTON, SETH A.

NILES, BEMENT, POND

PARKER, S. W. POOLE, C. R.

RAWDON, H. S.

S. A. E. (SOCIETY AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS) SAUVEUR, ALBERT SPRINGFIELD ARMORY SELLACK, T. G. SMITH, A. J. SHIRLEY, ALFRED J.

TAYLOR INSTRUMENT Co. THUM, E. E. TIEMANN, H. P.

U. S. BALL BEARING Co. UNITED STEEL Co. UNDERWOOD, CHARLES N.

VAN DE VENTER, JOHN H.

WALP, H. O. WOOD, HAROLD F. WHEELOCK, LOVEJOY & Co.

INDEX

ABC of iron and steel
Absorption of carbon, rate of
Air hardening steels
Analysis of high speed steel
Allotropic modifications
Alloy steel, annealing
properties of
Alloys and their effect
in high speed steel
in steel, value of
upon steel
Alpha iron
Annealing
care in
furnace
high-chromium steel
high speed tools
in bone
methods
proper
rifle components
rust-proof steel
steels
temperature
Arrests
Austentite
Automotive industry, application of Liberty engine materials to
temperature control
Axles, heat treatment of

Balls, making steel Barium chloride process Baths for tempering Bessemer converter Beta iron Blending compounds Blister steel Blue brittleness Bone, annealing in Boxes for case hardening or carburizing Breaking test gears Brinell hardness Broach hardening furnace Brown automatic pyrometer Burning

Calorized tubes Carbon content at various temperatures content of case hardened work in cast iron, ix in tool steel introduction of penetration of steel steel forgings, Liberty engine steel tools steels, S. A. E. steels, temper colors strengthens iron tool steel, forging Carbonizing, _see_ Carburizing Carborundum tubes Carburization, preventing Carburizing by gas boxes compounds gas consumption by local material nickel steel or case hardening pots for Carburizing, process of short method sleeves with charcoal _See_ Case hardening Car door type of furnace Case, depth of Case hardening boxes cast iron local or surface carburizing treatments for various steels _see_ Carburizing Cast iron, carbon in case hardening Cementite Center column furnace Centigrade table Chamotte tubes Chart of carbon penetration heat treatment shape Chrome steel Chrome-nickel steel steel, forging Chrome-vanadium steel Chromium steels, S. A. E. Chromium-cobalt steel Chromium-vanadium steel, S. A. E. Classification of steel Clay tubes Cold end compensator junction errors shortness worked steel Color in tempering Colors on carbon steels Combination tank Comparison of fuels Compensating leads Compensator for cold ends automatic Composition of steel Compound, blending separating from work Compounds for carburizing Connecting rods, Liberty motor Continuous heating furnace Converter, Bessemer Cooling curves Cooling quenching oil, roof system rate of, for gear-forgings Copper, effect of, in medium carbon steel Copper-plating to prevent carburizing Corrosion of high-chromium steel of rust-proof steel Corundite tubes Cost of operating furnaces Cracks in hardening, preventing Crankshaft, Liberty motor Critical point Crucible or tool steel Cutting off high speed steel Cyanide bath for tool steel

Decarbonizing of outer surface preventing Depth of case Detrimental elements in steel Dies, drop forging quenching soft spots in tempering round Drawing ends of gear teeth Drop forging dies Ductility

Effect of alloys of different carburizing material of size of piece of copper in medium carbon steel Elastic limit Electric process of steel making Electrode Elements, chemical Elongation Endurance limit Energizer, 81 Enlarging steel Equipment for heat treating Eutectoid

Fahrenheit temperature table
Fatigue test
Ferrite
File test
Flame shields
Flange shields for furnaces
Forging furnace
high speed tools
improper
of steel
practice, heavy
rifle barrels
Forgings, carbon steel Liberty engine
Formed tools, high speed
Fractures, examining by
Furnace, continuous heating
crucible
data
electric
Heroult
open hearth
records
Furnaces
annealing
broach hardening
car door type
center column
cost of operating
data on
forging, heavy
fuels for
gas fired
high speed steel
lead pot
manganese steel
muffle
oil fired
operating costs
screens for
tool
Furnaces, water cooled fronts
Fuels, comparison of
for furnaces

Gages, changes due to quenching tempering Gamma iron Gas, carburizing by consumption for carburizing fired furnace illuminating, for carburizing Gear blanks, heat treatment of forgings, rate of cooling for Liberty engine hardening machine steel, transmission teeth, drawing ends of Gears, Liberty engine Gleason tempering machine Grade of steel Grain, refining size Graphitic carbon Grinding high speed steel

Hair lines in forgings
Hardening
carbon steel for tools
cracks, preventing
dies
gears
high speed steel
high speed tools
of high-chromium steel
of rust-proof steel
room, modern
Hardness tests
Heating, effect of size
for forging
Heat, judging by color
treating departments
equipment
forgings
inspection of
Liberty motor
Heat treating, of axles
of chisels
of gears
of high speed steel
of steel
S. A. E.
Heat treatment
Heroult furnace
High-chromium steel
annealing of
corrosion of
hardening of
Highly stressed parts of Liberty engine
High speed steel, analysis of
annealing
cutting off
forging
furnace
hardening
heat treatment of
instructions for
manufacture
pack hardening
structure of
Hints for steel users

Illuminating gas for carburizing Impact test Improper forging Influence of size on heating Inspection of heat treatment Internal stresses, relieving Introduction of carbon

Jewelers' tools Judging heat of steel by color

Latent heat Lathe and planer tools tools, high speed Latrobe temper list Lead bath pot furnace Leeds & Northrup potentiometer optical pyrometer Liberty engine, highly stressed parts of Liberty engine materials, application to automotive industry motor connecting rods motor, crankshaft motor piston pin Local case hardening Luting mixture

Machineability of steel Machinery steel, annealing Magnet test Making steel in electric furnace Manganese steel furnace Manufacture of high speed steel Marquardt mass tubes Martensite Medium carbon steel, effect of copper on Metallography Microphotographs Microscopic examination Milling cutters, high speed Mixture for luting Modern hardening room Molten metal pyrometers Molybdenum Muffle furnace

Nickel Nickel-chromium steel steels, S. A. E. Nickel, influence of, on steel steel affinity for carbon steels, S. A. E. Non-homogeneous melting Non-shrinking steels Normalizing

Oil bath for tempering
cooling on roof
fired furnace
hardening steel, forging
steels
temperature of quenching
Open hearth furnace
Operating costs of furnaces
Outer surface decarbonizer
Over-heated steel, restoring
Overheating
dies

Pack-hardening high speed steel Packing work for carburizing Paste for hardening dies Pearlite Penetration of carbon carbon, chart of in case hardening Phosphorus Pickling Liberty motor forgings Pig iron Piston pin, Liberty motor Placing pyrometers Planer tools, high speed "Points" of carbon in steel Potentiometer, Leeds & Northrup Pots for carburizing Press for testing gears Preventing carburization cracks in hardening Properties of alloy steels of alloy steels, table of steel Protective screens for furnaces Puddled iron Punches and chisels, steels for Pyrometers calibration copper ball indicating inspection iron ball molten metal optical placing recording Siemens testing water

Quality and structure of high speed steel
of steel
Quenching,
after carburizing
dies in tank
obsolete method
oil, temperature of
tank
tool steel

Rate of absorption of carbon Recording temperatures Red shortness Refining the grain Regenerative open hearth furnace Restoring overheated steel Rifle barrels, forging components, annealing Roof system of cooling oil Rust-proof steel annealing of corrosion of hardening of

S. A. E. carbon steels chromium steels chromium-vanadium heat treatments nickel-chromium steels nickel steels screw stock silico-manganese steel standard steels Salt bath for tempering Scleroscope test Scratch hardness Screens for furnaces Screw stock, S. A. E. Sensible heat Sentinels, melting of Separating work from compound Shields for furnace doors Shore Scleroscope Short method of carburizing Shrinking steel Silica tubes Silico-manganese steels, S. A. E. Silicon Silversmiths' tools Size of piece, effect of Slags Sleeves, carburizing hardening and shrinking shrinking Solid solution Sorbite Specimens, test Standard S. A. E. steels Steel, balls, stock for bolts, making composition of deoxidation for chisels and punches forging of give it a chance heat treatment of high speed making Bessemer process crucible process electric furnace process open hearth tools, carbon, in users' hints Structure of high speed steel Sulphur

Tables, air, oil and water hardened steel
alloy steels, properties of
carbon content
carbon steels
case hardening
changes due to quenching
chromium steels
chromium-vanadium steels
colors and temperature
composition of steels
cost of furnaces
effect of size
fuels, comparison of
high-chromium steel
nickel-chromium steels
nickel steels
operating cost of furnaces
production cost of furnaces
S. A. E. steels
screw stock
silico-manganese steels
stock for balls
temperature conversion
tempering temperatures
weight of steel
Tank for quenching
dies
Taylor instruments
Temper, colors of
list, Latrobe
of steel
Temperature recorders
tables
Temperatures for tempering
Tempering colors on carbon steels
gages
high speed tools
machine, Gleason
round dies
temperatures
theory of
Tempers of carbon steel
Tensile test
Testing heat treatment
Tests of steel
Test specimens
Theory of tempering
Thermocouple
base metal
cold end
placing
protectors
rare metal
Time for hardening
Tool furnace, small
Tool or crucible steel, annealing
Tool steel, cyanide bath for
quenching
Tools, carbon in different
carbon steel
of high speed steel
sulphur in
tempers of various
transformation points
Transmission gear steel
Treatments for various steels
Troosite
Tubes, calorized
carborundum
Chamotte
clay
Marquardt mass
silica
Tungsten steel

Ultimate strength Users of steel, hints for

Vanadium steel

Water annealing cooled furnace fronts Weight of steel bars Working instructions for high speed steel Wrought iron, ix

Yield Point

Comments

The Working of SteelChapter XVII: Appendix

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