Chapter XXVI: Appendix: No. I (1)

INTERPOLATIONS AND VARIOUS READINGS IN THE EDITIONS OF KNOX'S HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION, BY DAVID BUCHANAN, PRINTED AT LONDON, 1644, FOLIO, AND REPRINTED AT EDINBURGH, 1644, 4TO.

(THE PAGES AND LINES AT THE LEFT-HAND SIDE REFER TO THE PRESENT EDITION.)

Page 1, line 5. (_This title and Preface are not contained in Buchanan's editions._)

5, l. 20. _Instead of the words_, "In the Scrollis of Glasgw," &c., _it begins_, In the Records of Glasgow is found mention of one whose name was James Resby, an Englishman by birth, scholler to Wickliff: He was accused as an Heretike, by one Lawrence Lindors in Scotland, and burnt for having said, That the Pope was not the Vicar of Christ, and that a man of wicked life was not to be acknowledged for Pope. This fell out Anno 1422. Farther our Chronicles make mention, That _in the dayis_,[1063] &c.

6, l. 23. _injust accusatioun and condemnatioun._ Both these godly men, Resby and Craw, suffered Martyrdom for Christ his truth, by Henry Wardlaw, Bishop of St. Andrewes, whom the Prelates place amongst their Worthies. But that their wicked _practise did not greatly advance_, &c.--l. 25.

7, l. 11. Helene Chalmer, Lady Pokellie, Isabelle Chambers, Lady Stairs.

8, l. 4. _ar not to be had_ in the Kyrk, nor to be worshipped.--9. _That it is not_ lawfull to fight for the faith, nor to defend the faith by the sword, if we be not driven to it by necessity, which is above all law.--12. _gave power to Peter_, as also to the other Apostles, and not to the Pope his pretended successour, _to binde_, &c.--14. _to consecrate_ as they do in the Romish Church these many yeers.--19. _were then called_, to wit, wholly, but a part to the poor, widow, or orphans, and other pious uses.

9, l. 5. _is a preast_, in that sence that they are called by the Apostle Saint John, Apoc. i. 6, v. 10, xx. 6.--7. _coming of Christ_; and truely it was but late since Kings were anointed, namely in Scotland, for Edgar was the first anointed King in Scotland, about the year 1100.--12. _the souls_, who in those dayes were said to be _in Purgatory_.--25. _not to be feared_, if there be no true cause for it.--26. _to swear_, to wit, idly, rashly, and in vain.--27. _Priests_ may have wives, _according to the constitution of the law_, and of the primitive Christian Church.--30. _every day_ by Faith.--31. _be contracted_ and consummate, the Kyrk may make, &c.--32. _bindes not_ if unjust.

10, l. 1. _to miracles_, to such namely as the Romish were then, and are to this day.--3. _to God onely_, since he onely hears us, and can help us.--12. _are murtherars_ of souls.--13. _That they which are called_ Princes and Prelates in the Church, _are theives and robbers_.

16, l. 14. _upon the_ morrow after brought forth to judgment.

19, l. 10. into vulgar language.--11. (_This title and Fryth's Preface are not contained in Buchanan's editions._)

36, l. 18. _was ane called_ Will. Arithe.

37, l. 2. _his_ parasites and jackmen.

38, l. 12. _and cryes_, Anne has lost hir spindle.--13. _flaill stollin_ behinde the barne.

39, l. 9. _he said_--she said.--13. _that look_ over our ditch.--17. _we hold_ the Bishops the cheapest servant.

41, l. 12. _for the_ other Friers fearing.

42, l. 6. _in_ hollow cellars, for the smoke of.

43, l. 2, _He_ leapt up merrily upon the scaffold, and, casting a gambade, said.

49, l. 1. thy Majesties sometime servant.--(_In this Letter of Seaton's_, your Grace is _uniformly changed to_ Majestie.)

51, l. 11. _to put_ out _thy_.

52, l. 15. _could greatly_ availl.--17. _fostered the_ unadvised _Prince in all_ dissolutenesse, by which means they made him obsequious unto them.

53, l. 7, 8. _ten yearis or_ thereabout.--11. _realme_ in these times.--_intestine and_ cruell.--15. _Levenax_--Lenox, who was sisters son to the Earle of Arran.

54, l. 7. _of Rome_; commanded the Bible to be read in English; _suppressed_.--8. _of Idolatrie_, with their idols, which gave great hope.--(_In the margin_,) 1534. 1538. The civil troubles give some rest to God's flock for a time.--20. _craftynes of_ Gardner, Bishop of.--23. _but that_ God potently had assisted him in all his life, _but_.

56, l. 12. _maid_ he _them_.

57, l. 1. _Johnne Stewart_ of Leyth.--3. _Johnestoun_, Advocate.

59, l. 11. _Laird of Dun_, Areskin.--20. _as one_ revived, cast _himself_.

61, l. 8. _whome war_ those of Dundie.--12. _Borthwik_, Provost of Lithcow.--(_In the margin_,) Lesly writes this done 1540. John Borthwick fled into England, from whence Henry sent him into Germanie to the Protestant Princes.

62, l. 4. _Frearis_ and _Monks_, as of _Channons_.

64, l. 1. Alexander _Kennedy_.--2. _excellent_ wit in vulgar _poesy_.

66, l. 17-22. _so far had_ they blinded and corrupted the inconsiderate Prince, that he gave _himself to obey the tyrannie of those bloodie beasts_, and he _made a solemne vow_.

67, l. 6. _suddane_ punishment.--7. _upon him_, if _he did not repent_, and amend his _life_.

68, l. 5. _and deid_, not saying one _worde_, _that same day that_, in _audience_.

70, l. 8. _forgevance_ of the said _Thomas_.

71, l. 1-4. _change or_ alter the heart of the infortunate and misled Prince, but still he did proceed in his accustomed wayes. _For in the midst of these_ evills.

72, l. 2. _eschaping_, (the keepers being asleep, he went out at the window.)--5. _espy_ and detest.--10. Earle of Glevearne.

76, l. 1-5. After _God had given unto that_ mis-informed _Prince sufficient documents_, _that his_ warring _against his blessed_ Gospel _should not prosperously succeed_, _he_ raised up _against him_ warres, as he did of old against divers Princes that would not hear his voice, _in the which he_ lost himself, _as we shall_ here_after heare_.

77, l. 18. _our kingdome_ of Abbots, Monks, &c., _and_.

79, l. 9. _Forresse war runne upon_--Forces were sent up and down to.

80, l. 12. _to skaill_ and sunder.--26. _wounded his_ high stomacke.--29. _had not_ cut the dayes of his life.

81, l. 9. _Preastis_--Prelats.

82, l. 2. _what tyme_--at that time when.--3. _Yles_, in the yeere 1534.--13. _Jefwellis_--Juglers.

83, l. 4. _I shall_ reproove _you by sharpe_ punishments.--16. _honour nor continuance_--honour nor countenance.

84, l. 2. _Thare concurred ... prophettis_, (_omitted._)--4. _closenes and_ fidelity among them.--7. _should be_ theirs.--11. _that Raid_--that device.--23-25. _amonges whome was_ the Erle of Arran, notwithstanding his siding with the current of the Court, and his neernesse in blood to the King. _It was bruited._

85, l. 15. _The_ foreward _goeth forth_, feare _rises_.--18. _thousand men_; their beacons _on every side_.

86, l. 5, 6. _experte_. _About ten houris_--expert, about ten hours.--8, 9. _baner_; and he upholden by two spears, _lift up_.--18. _and Mearns_. _In this_ mountain _did_.--27. _array_ in order.

87, l. 2. _softlye_--safely.

88, l. 1. _to tack the_ bandis.--7. _Somervaill_ and Oliphant, _and many_.--9. _Worldly men_ say that.

89, l. 21. who waited upon news at Lochmaban.--(_In the margin_,) Others say, at Carlaverock, neere by the place where the defeat was given, called Solway Mosse.

90, l. 25. _ane of his_ mistresses.

91, l. 6. _for a_ scourge.--11. _it will end_ with _a woman_. From Mary, daughter to Robert Bruse, married to Walter Stuart, he feared that his daughter should be married to ane of another name and family; but yow see by God's providence, the Crown remains in one and the same family and name to this day, notwithstanding the many plots of the pretenders to the Crowne both at home and abroad.--15. _ane_ fit _comforter_.--21. _that so_ it _should be_.

92, l. 3. _best_. The Cardinal having hired one Henry Balfour, a priest, to make a false Testament; which was done accordingly, but in vain.--6. (_In the margin_,) Marke the Queenes mourning for the King. (_And a few lines lower down_,) Others stick not to say, That the King was hastned away by a potion. Levit. 12.--Divers characters of the King arise: post funera virtus.

93, l. 4, 5. _disprased him for_ being much given to women. The Prelats and Clergie feared a change in the King's mind, as he had expressed himself some few years before.--10. _cloked_. Yet to speak truth of him, his vices may justly be attributed to the times, and his breedeing, and not any wickednesse in his nature; for he gave many expressions of a good nature, namely, in his sobriety and justice, &c. _The question._--23. _he_ pretended _to succeid_.--26. _oppones thame_, and are against _the governement_.

94, l. 16. _against_ God's _justice_.--17. _And_ so, _in despite_.

95, l. 1. _heirof_ we _will after_ speak.--8. severed.--9. _The_ Erle of Arran thus being _established in_ the _governement_.--11. _exalted him_ to be Governour, _out of what danger he had delivered him_, he being in the bloody scroll, as wee saw before; _and what expectation all men of honesty had of him_, because they saw him a soft man, they conceited goodnesse of him.

97, l. 2. _drouned_--devoured.

98, l. 6. _Scriptures in the_ vulgar _tongue_.--9. _als_, (_omitted_.)--13. _the Kirk_--the Church, he means the Prelats, _first_.--14. _thei three_--but the three, viz., Hebrew, Greek, and Latine.

99, l. 3. _people used not_--people used the Psalmes.--27. _old Boses_--old Bishops.

100, l. 5. _had of the_ Old and New.--12, 13. _thair awin_ vulgar _toung_, _and so war_.--19. _in the_ vulgar _toung_.--22. (_In the margin_,) Note the hypocrisie of worldlings.

101, l. 5. _to maik courte_, and curry favour _thairby_.--25. (_In the margin_,) Nothing could be said against the lawfulnes of Edward's birth. Katharine of Spain and Anne Bullen being dead before his mother was married to his father.

102, l. 5. _ensew to_ this _realme_.--18. _Maister_ Radulph _Saidlair_.

103, l. 5. _contract of marriage_ made _betuix_.--19. _abaide suyre at_--abode fast to.

105, l. 10. _Abbot of Paislay_, called now of late John Hamilton, _bastard brother_, &c.--(_In the margin there is added_,) He was before sometimes called Cunningham, sometimes Colwan, so uncertaine was it who was his father.--18. _one_ or the other would go to _the pulpit_.

107, l. 6. _then_ to have been so used--8. _deprehended_--followed.--14. _his_ counterfeit _godlynes_.--15. _heirefter_--heirof.--22. _any joyt_--one jote.--25. _his rycht_--his pretended right.--26. _For by Goddis word_ could not be good the divorcement of his father from Elizabeth Hume, sister to the Lord Hume, his lawfull wife, and consequently his marriage with Beton, neece to James Beton, Bishop of St. Andrews, (Elizabeth Hume being alive,) must be null, and he declared bastard. _Caiaphas spake_, &c.

109, (_To this marginal note is added_,) Renouncing his religion in the Gray Friers.

110, l. 23. _Governour_; First, because he himselfe was borne by Beton, his father's lawfull wife, Elizabeth Humes being yit alive; Next, because his grandfather was borne by Mary Stuart to James Hammilton, when her lawfull husband Thomas Boyd was yet alive. So the Earle of Lennox did not only pretend to be lawfully next to the Crowne, as the late King James the Fifth did often declare, That if he died without heire male, he would settle the Crowne upon him, but also lawfull heire of the Earledome of Arran, as being descended from Margaret Hamilton, borne to Mary Stuart and James Hammilton after the death of Thomas Boyd, her former husband, (now by this time the inconstant Earle of Arran had given himselfe wholly to the Cardinall.) _The Cardinall_, &c.--(_In the margin_,) All this was then said by the Cardinal. _Penes authorem fides esto._

111, l. 4. _Ayre_--Ayre, Campbell.--6. _to Leyth_--to light.--18. _the sonare_--in time.

112, l. 15. _that he wold_ take.--16. _wold not_ grant.--17. _communicat_--communed.

113, l. 4, 5. _the Magdelane day_--Saint Magdalen's day.--6. _Gray tacking_--Gray took.

114, l. 2. _had his fortificatioun_--had fortification.--5. _so much attend_--so attend.--7, 8. _play_ the good servant unto him, was reputed his enemy.--17. _thei war_ no more then 300.--(_In the margin_,) As they went to Dundee, they said they were going to burn the readers of the New Testament, and that they would stick to the Old, for Luther, said they, had made the New.

115, l. 7. _to have_ kept.--(8. prevented, _i.e._ anticipated.)--9. _thare_ friend.--13. _was_ sent to the Bischop of Saint Andrews, the Abbot of Paisley.--20. _war_ on the place.

116, l. 1. _ane certane_ number.--7. _whether to_--whereto.--19. _his craft_ perswaded.

119, l. 6. _ower the craig_--over the wall.--8. _broke his craig_--broken his owne neck.

120, l. 7. _thei_--the ships.

121, l. 9. _other then_--after the Castle.

123, l. 9. _feallis war_--Files war charged to be.

124, l. 1, 2. _Hary_, sometime husband to our Queen and Mistresse.--8. _Eme's wyiff_--enemies _wife_.--10. _in propertie_--in povertie.

125, l. 1. _he hes had_ since, and that _in common_.

126, l. 14. _hornyng_--burning.--27. _with him_--with them.

127, l. 8, and 128, l. 4. _In anno_ 1566, (_inserted in the text thus_,) that now liveth in the year of our Lord 1566.

129, l. 24. _Porte_ or gate.

130, l. 6. _intreat_ of.--11. _neyther eak_--neither maid.--18. _thame as_ he could; being _such_.--28. _wold have_ used.

131, l. 3. _whingar_--dagger.--12, 13. _may feare_, in time to come, we will.--19. _another_--another place.

133, l. 3, 4. _sound_ of prayers.--6. _prevented_--came before.--11, 12. _grones; yea, we heard your bitter_--(_omitted_.)

136, l. 7. _awfull_--irefull.--11. _hypocrisie_ within this realme; ye shall.

137, l. 26. _verray countenance_--weary countenance.

138, l. 27. _declared_ fully. The Spirit of Truth.

139, l. 7, 8, and 9. _And so_ the said John Knox, _albeit_, &c., (_the intermediate words being omitted_.)

142, l. 1. _premisses_--promise.--5. _the Larde_--Johan Cockburne, Laird.

144, l. 1. _transported to Edinburgh_, where the Cardinall then had a Convention of Prelats, wherein somewhat was said of redressing the abuses of the Church, and reforming the lives of the Clergie; but it took no effect. M. Wischarde remained but few dayes in Edinburgh: _For that bloody wolfe the Cardinall_, ever thirsting after the blood _of the servand of God_.--8. _to be crucified._ The Cardinall, seeing it was forbidden by the Canon Law to Priests to sit as judges upon life and death, although the crime were heresie, sent to the Governour, desiring him to name some lay-judge to pronounce sentence against M. Wischarde. The Governour had freely condescended to the Cardinall's request, without delay, if David Hamilton of Preston, a godly and wise man, had not remonstrated unto him, That he could expect no better end then Saul, since he persecuted the saints of God, for that truth which he professed once with such a shew of earnestnesse; the profession thereof being the only cause of his advancement to that high degree wherein he was: The Governour, moved at this speech of David Hamilton's, answered the Cardinall, That he would not meddle with the blood of that good man; and told him, That his blood should be on him, for he himselfe would be free of it. At this the Cardinall was angry, and said he would proceed, and that he had sent to the Governour of meere civility, without any need. And so.--28. _penult_,--the seven and twentieth day.

148, l. 19, _have receaved_ from certaine records, which we relate truely, as neere as possibly we can. _Upon the last._

151, l. 9. _as saith Paule_ to Timothy.--14. _be able_ with wholsome learning, and to impugne.--23. _the Gospell_ he treated of appeareth not to repugne.--30. _Lawder_, a priest.

152, l. 2. _full of_ outrages, threatnings.

156, l. 24. _My Lords_, it is not so by your pleasures.

159, l. 15. _I vanquest him_--I witnessed to him.

160, l. 1. _and spitted_ on the ground.--22. _Layman_--man.

165, l. 3. _our Generall_ or Provinciall Counsells.

168, l. 13. _innocent_ man speak.--19. _two_ feinds, two Gray Friers.--25-28. _came to him with all diligence._ And conferred with him a pretty while, at last, burst forth in tears, but so soon as he was able to speak, he asked him, If he would receive the Communion? Master Wischarde answered, He would most willingly, if he could have it according to Christ's institution, under both kinds. The Sub-Prior went to the Cardinall and his Prelats, he told them, That Master Wischarde was an innocent man; which he said, not to intercede for his life, but to make known the innocency of the man unto all men, as it was known to God. At these words the Cardinall was angry, and said to the Sub-Prior, Long agoe we knew what you were. Then the Sub-Prior demanded, Whether they would suffer M. Wischarde to receive the Communion or not? They answered, No. A while after M. Wischarde had ended with the Sub-Prior, the Captaine of the Castle, with some other friends, came to him, and asked him, If he would break fast with them? He answered, Most willingly, for I know you to be most honest and godly men; so all being ready, he desired them to sit downe, and heare him a while with patience. Then he discoursed to them about halfe an houre concerning the Lord's Supper, his sufferings and death for us. He exhorteth them to love one another, laying aside all rancor, envie, and vengeance, as perfect members of Christ, who intercedes continually for us to God the Father. After this, he gave thanks, and blessing the bread and wine, he took the bread and brake it, and gave to every one of it, bidding each of them, Remember that Christ had died for them, and feed on it spiritually; so taking the cup, he bade them, Remember that Christ's blood was shed for them, &c.; and after, he gave thanks and prayed for them. When he had done, he told them, That he would neither eat nor drink more in this life; and so retired to his chamber. Immediately after came to him (sent from the Cardinall) two executioners; one brought him a coat of linnen died black, and put it upon him; the other brought some bags full of powder, which they tied to severall parts of his body. Then having dressed him, they brought him to an outer roome, neere to the gate of the Castle. Then the fire was made ready, and the stake at the west port of the Castle, neere to the Priory. Over against the place of execution, the Castle windows were hung with rich hangings, and velvet cushions, laid for the Cardinall and Prelats, who from thence did feed their eyes with the torments of this innocent man. _The Cardinal dreading._

169, l. 6. _and led_--and with sound of trumpet led.--17. _tempt me not_, I intreat you. _After this._--25. _words: I beseik you_--words, having obtained leave to speak a little, I beseech you.

171, l. 3. _Then_ the executioner, _that was his tormentor_.--8. _And then by and by_ the trumpet sounding, he was tyed to the stake, and the fire kindled. The Captaine of the Castle, for the love he bore to M. Wischarde, drew so neer to the fire, that the flame thereof did him harme; he wished M. Wischarde to be of good courage, and to beg from God the forgivenesse of his sins; to whom M. Wischarde answered thus: This fire torments my body, bot no wayes abates my spirit. Then M. Wischarde, looking towards the Cardinall, said, He who in such state, from that high place, feedeth his eyes with my torments, within few dayes shall be hanged out at the same window, to be seen with as much ignominy, as he now leaneth there in pride. Then with this, the executioner drawing the cord, stopt his breath; presently after, the fire being great, he was consumed to powder. The Prelats would not suffer any prayers to be made for him, according to their custome. After the death of Master Wischarde, the Cardinall was cryed up by his flatterers, and all the rabble of the corrupt Clergie, as the onely defender of the Catholike Church, and punisher of Hereticks, neglecting the authority of the sluggish Governour: And it was said by them, That if the great Prelates of latter dayes, both at home and abroad, had been so stout and zealous of the credit of the Catholike Church, they had not onely suppressed all Hereticks, but also kept under the lay-men, who were so forward and stubborne. On the other side, _when that the people beheld the great tormenting of that innocent, they could not withhold from piteous mourning and complaining of the innocent lamb's slaughter_. _After the death_, &c.

172, l. 3. _or_ else it _should cost life for life_; and that in a short time they should be like hogs kept for slaughter, by this vitious Priest, and wicked monster, which neither minded God, nor cared for men. Amongst those that spake against the Cardinall's cruelty, _John Leslie, brother to the Earle of Rothes, was chief_, with his cozen Norman Lesley, who had been a great follower of the Cardinall, and very active for him but a little before, fell so foule with him, that they came to high reproaches one with another. The occasion of their falling out was a private businesse, wherein Norman Lesley said he was wronged by the Cardinall. On the other side, the Cardinall said he was not with respect used by Norman Lesley his inferiour. The said John Lesley, _in all companies, spared not to say_, That that same dagger, (shewing forth his dagger,) and that same hand, should be put in the Cardinall's brest. _These brutes came_, &c.--14. _and promessed amitie with him_, and so he gave his bastard eldest daughter in marriage to the Earle of Crawford his eldest son and heir, and caused the wedding to be celebrate with such state, as if she had been a Princes lawfull daughter. _He only feared_, &c.

173, l. 10. _not only_ say.--12. _fead_--fooles.--17. _Mary that now mischevouslie regnes_--Mary that now, 1566, raignes.--25. _but by his secreat counsall_, (_omitted_.)

175, l. 6. _in no great number_--in great number.

177, (_In the margin_,) The fact and words of James Melvin.

178, l. 3. _fowseis syde_--house side--13, 14. _How miserably lay David Betoun, cairfull Cardinall_, (_these words are omitted_.)

180, l. 15. _The death of this aforesaid tyrant_, as it was pleasing to some, to wit, to those who had received the Reformation of religion, for they were mightily afraid of him, and also to sundry Romanists whom he kept under as slaves; so on the other side, it _was dolorous to the priests_.

181, l. 5. _besieged._ Divers gentlemen of Fife went into the Castle, and abode there with the Leslies during the first siege; and John Rough was preacher to them.--7. _and for his_ riches _he would not_.

184, l. 24. _the hole seige_, having left the Castle, because he could do little good upon those that were with him; so addicted were they to their evil wayes, _begane to preach in_ the city of S. Andrews.

186, l. 22. _any man_, namely, in the time of need, as that was.

190, l. 17. _kynd of doctrine_--wind of doctrine.

196, l. 32. _Whither may we do the same in matters of religion?_ (_omitted_.)

197, l. 18. _that God hes_ ordained.

203, l. 8. _for upoun the_ nine and twentieth _day_.--10. _with a_ great army.--11. _in that_ haven before.

204, l. 14. _The seige by_ sea and land was laid about the Castle of S. Andrews, the three and twentieth day of July.--18. _brunt_; and some upon the street that leads to the Castle.--23. _ground of the_ court of the Castle.--27. _corrupt lyef_, having fallen into all kinde of licentiousnesse, puft up with pride of their successe, and relying upon England for help in case of need, _could not escape_.

205, l. 7. _Upone the_ nine and twentieth of July.--8. _xiiij_--thirteen cannons.--14. _place._ Betwixt ten of the clock and eleven, there fell.

206, l. 17. _men without God_, (omitted.)--20. _gallayis_, among others John Knox was in the galleys all the winter.

212, l. 14. _schooting longis_--shooting amongst.--17. _began to reyll_--begin to faile.

215, l. 12. _forfaulted_--sore assaulted.

217, l. 11. _Ordour of the Cokill_, and a pension of 12,000 lib. Turn. _with a full discharge_.

218, l. 5. _hir finall destruction_--her own ruine.--9. _Lett men patientlie abyd_ God's appointed tyme, and turn unto him with hearty repentance, then God will surely stop the fire that now comes from her, by sudden changing her heart to deal favourably with his people; or else by taking her away, or by stopping her to go on in her course by such meanes as he shall think meet in his wisdom, for he having all in his hand disposeth of all, and doth with all according to his own will, unto which we must not onley yeald, but also be heardily pleased with it, since it is absolutely good, and both by sacred and prophane history we ar taught to do so; for in them we finde that Princes have been raised up by his hands to punish his people; but when they turned unto him with hearty repentance, he either turned the heart of the Prince to deal kindly with his people; or else did take him away; or at least did stop his violent course against his people. Of this the examples are so frequent, that we spare to name them heere. _But to returne to our Historie._

222, l. 9. _a godly man_, (_omitted_.)

223, l. 24. _in the saidis Chappell_, &c.--in the Sands, Chappell, &c.

227, l. 1. _of a justifeid man: but how it is suppressed, we know nott_--of a man justified, which is extant to this day.--(_In the margin_,) with a smudge?] Note: This booke was printed 1584, at Edinburgh, by Tho. Utrover: (_in the 4to edit_.) Tho. Voutroler.

229, l. 10. _meanes as_ they looked for.

230, l. 18. _discrive_--discover.

233, l. 11. _the Duck_ Hamilton: (_also, at page_ 238, l. 4.)

235, l. 20. _the temporal Lordis that_ maintain such abominations as we see, and flattering Counsellors of State, _blasphemous_.

238, l. 5. _others besydis._ The Bishops and their rable, they _begin_.

239, l. 11. _thei will_ do, or can do.

240, l. 26. _Tack you yon_--Take heed all you.

242, l. 5. _but few_ were made rich.

244, l. 2. _thare patentis_--their parents.--9. _displeasur, that_ idolatrous and mischievous Marie.--24. _cruell persecution, used by_ Queen Marie of England.

247, l. 24. _as in doctrin_--as in preaching.

251, l. 1. _and_ bent themselves.

252, l. 6. _was_ published, which we have caused to be printed at the end of this book, _and is called_.--17 to 20. _And tharefor_, &c., (_the whole of this sentence is omitted_.)

254, l. 16. _both realmes_ were disappointed _who_.

259, l. 15. Instead of, _Thare assembled Preastis_--Their asses, bloody Priests, Friers, &c.

265, l. 1. _thareof to this day_--thareof to his death.--2. _now Erle_--after Earle.--25. _Thei lieved as beastis_--They left me as beasts.

272, l. 32. _to his glorie_--to your eternall glorie.

274, l. 13. _many others_--many other letters.

276, l. 21. _and geve attendance to us, your_--and to have care to use.

279, l. 5. _together ... answer_, (_omitted_.)--27. _hes allanerlie_--has modestlie _absteaned_.

280, l. 8. _this pastor_, or rather impostour.--18. _his Eme's wyff_--his cousin's wife.

283, l. 18. _What that_ man of the law is.

284, l. 2. _nether can_ err.--5. _synceir_, (_omitted_.)--20. _cannon_--common _law_.

287, l. 10. _cummer_--rumour.

289, l. 26. _by_ (_i.e._ beside) _us_--neer us.

BOOK SECOND.

292, l. 17. (_In the margin_,) Note. Here is a solecisme in State expression, newly invented by the Court Parasites.

294, l. 20. (_In the margin_,) Note. To call the Crown-Matrimoniall, is an absurd solecisme, newly then invented at Court.

297, l. 4. (_In the margin_,) Note. And now in these latter days it hath pleased God in his goodnesse to grant the pure and primitive Discipline also unto the Church of Scotland.--20. _long_, (_omitted_.)

298, l. 21. _the libertie of_, (_omitted_.)

299, l. 5. _the extreme_, (_omitted_.)

300, l. 2. _to give the_ gift of exhortation by sermon.

302, l. 8. _to convein us_--to make us.

303, l. 10. _our presence_, or counsell, or petitions.--26. _mercifullie_--bountifullie.--28. _The first petition_--Here beginneth the particular demands.

304, l. 11. _of the which_, without explanation, hardly can arise any profit to the hearers.

305, l. 23. _to live_ at their lust.

307, l. 12. _a large purse_, 40,000 l. _Turn._ or _Scots_, gathered, (_livres Tournois?_)--20. _in things_ as we thought _unlawfull_.

309, l. 16. _Lords_, Barons, and Burgesses _of this_.

312, l. 27. _in Parliament_ holden at Edinburgh, Anno 1558.

313, l. 28. _any other_ of the godly that list.

315, l. 22. _And it_ appeared, that after that day that malice took more violent and strong possession in hir then it did before.

318, l. 6. _Quenis_ favour.

319, l. 2. _thare rebellioun_--high rebellion.

321, l. 2. _vehement_--very vehement.

324, l. 11. _to instruct_ the people.

325, l. 7. _Duke_ Hamilton.--9, 10. now cheaf, &c., (_same reading as in Vautrollier's edit., quoted in note 4._)--21. _best for_--best serve for.

327, l. 15. _your Grace's_--your Princely.

328, l. 11. _extreme necessiteis_--most great extremities.--13. _thair and oure lyves_--their owne lives.

329, l. 15. _espyed._ The tenour whereof followeth. _And._--22. _that_ ye _the Nobilitie_.

331, l. 5. _Is it nocht_, &c.--It is not.--16. _judged_ to be _gud treeis_.

332, l. 7. _doth_ contrary to this authority.--8, 9. _he is cled_--it is clothed.

336, l. 28. _war thay that first_--war there, they that first.--30. _platt of ground_--place of ground.

337, l. 6. _war erected_--were set up.--7, 8. _hope_ of _victorie_.

339, l. 4. _that we_ in whom _she_.--24. _ar servandis_--as servants.

340, l. 20. _gart cutt the brigis_--caused the bridges to be cut.

345, l. 5. _Teringland_--Tarmganart.

351, l. 2, 3. _Cowper, ... assisted_--Cowper, ... was assisted.--28. _practised with us_--made shew unto us.

354, l. 1. _truble, or_ disquiet.--7. _Subscrived_, &c.--

Subscribed, JAMES HAMILTON,
MENEITS DOSELL.

356, l. 21. _plane_--plainly see.

357, l. 16. _cast up the portis_--open the gates.--25, _beirand_--bearing, namely.

358, l. 20. _departed, as hielie_--departed, and was highly.

359, l. 14. _the_ 26--the six and twentieth.--16. _four_, (_omitted_.)

360, l. 4. _wald vote_--would consent.--21. _Palace and the Kirk_--place, and the place and the Church.--22. _idollis, hid_--hid goods.

361, l. 2. _unto him_, he would _that_.--8. _irruption_--interruption.--15. _stogged_--thrust.

363, l. 4. _in the one_--in one of the Colledges.--13. _was to be done, and that ordour_--was best to be done, and what order.--18. _and yit hir Dochteris is_--by advice of hir Counsell.--30. _hir Grace_--our Mother.

364, l. 1. _to affix_--to appoint.--6. _our Realme_--our religion.

365, l. 6. _to suche_--that such.--15. _Sche_--The Queen Regent.--17. _thame_selves.--19. _advertist_, That.

367, l. 25. _nothing to_ the commission, she proposed.

368, l. 5. _abused_ Duke Hamilton, perswading him.--8. _his_ successors of their pretended title.--16. _crymes_ were ever entred into.--25. _should leaf_--should lose.--33. _the Duke's Grace_--Duke Hamilton.

369, l. 18. _small appointment_--finall appointment.--26. _earthlie_ treasure.

370, l. 7. _outsetting_--upsetting.--11. _no mo_--no man.

371, l. 1. _substantious housholdis_--chief domesticks.

373, l. 3. _bawbie_, or fartheing.--13. _those of_, (_omitted_.)

374, l. 15. _Restalrig_--Lestarrig.

376, l. 17. _Januar_ had decreed.

377, l. 2. _thai war_--they are.--15. _In the first_ Congregation.

378, l. 1. _maner_--matter.--23. _skaithles_--harmless.--34. _thoill_--suffer.

379, l. 1. _other haveand spirituall_--other, either spiritual.--3. _religioun, or_ any other.--13. _in all_ such causes.--24. _to speak_ with.

380, l. 12. _the Lordis_ Protestants.--13. _unto_ the chief heads of the Appointment, _whiche be these_.--30. _this_ our _Proclamatioun_.

382, l. 1. _adversaries_, who trie _all maner_.--19. _and hir_, (_omitted_.)

383, l. 15. _quhat tyme_--at the time that.

384, l. 7. _baith_, (_omitted_.)--_Le Roy_, (_omitted_.) (_Title inserted_,) The King his letter to the Lord James.--15. _bein_, (_omitted_.)

385, l. 1. _father_, from the Queen my wife, and from _me_.--5. _strange_ to me, and so farre _against_.--6. _gudlie_ well.--19, 20. _ye ar declyneit_--ye have declined.--21. _attention_--intention.--28. _thair_--your.--_thay_--ye.

386, l. 7. _Vous senteras_--Vous en sentires.--15. _Schir_, (_omitted_.)--The Lord James his letter to the King.--16. _My_ most humble _dewtie_.--17. _last_, importing.--18. _Majestie_ doth.--24. _hard_--had.--28. _grevis me_ very _heavilie_.

387, l. 8. _sould_ not _have_.--18, 19. _as_ we were perswaded in _our_.--21. _cair_ from.

388, l. 14. _na man_ could.

389, l. 2. _benefit_ which.--9. _libertie_ of.--19. _Tolbuith_--Town.

391, l. 1. _nether_ yet.--19. _For schort_--For that _after_.

392, l. 9. _deambulatour_--deambulation.--18. _falt_ in.--20. _worthelie_--justlie.--21. _done_, (_omitted_.)

394, l. 7. _thair kyn_--your kin.--18. _contravene_--violate.--27. _mak_ first--give first.

395, l. 1. _lippin_--trust.--2. _to have_ good.--16. _taikin_ without.--18. _saidis_, (_omitted_.)--23. _our pairt._ But in case against all reason they should mean any such thing, We _have thocht_.--31. _furnissing_--surmising.

397, l. 3. _put_ fit _remedy_.--10. _could_--would.--17. _list_, so that some asked for.--19. _sche_ was not ashamed _to sett_.--22. _personis_ have of malice.--24. _stope all_ manner of reconciliations.--28. _Estaitis_--State.--31. _ar cumit_--came.--_ar myndit_--do mind.

398, l. 7. _ony_ part thereof _contravenit_.--8. _communit_--commovit.--13. _ane_, (_omitted_.)

399, l. 2. _ever_, (_omitted_.)--10. _obedience_ of _higher_.--13. _direct_ quite.--19. _with_ reverence.

401, l. 2. _simplicitie_, and to _work your finall_.--11. _of_ our _posteritie, and_ to be short, to our _commun-wealth_.--15. _foirnameit._ This is so _manifestly_.--34. _is not to be_--is to be.

403, l. 1. _brocht it_ to such basenesse, and such a deale of strife _that all men_.--14. _guid and_ weighty _money_.

405, l. 9. _that_ wicked _man_.--10. _quha at_ that tyme.--27. _reassonit_ with all _in the_.

406, l. 19. _thairin_, not only _without_.--25. _the houssis garnissit_, (_omitted_.)

407, l. 24. _yea_, even of our brethren.

408, l. 29. _covetousnes of the_ Cardinall of Guyse and the Hamiltons. _Amen._

409, l. 32. _trubill any_ unjust _possession_.

410, l. 14. _over_ our _heads_.--25. _tred_--course.

411, l. 3. _personis ... be God_, move Princes to _command_.--7. _of_ misled _Princes_.--13. _thair_ misled _Princes_.--20. _crewell_ misled Princes, who authorize the _murtherar_.

412, l. 20. _murther_, and such like: _Esaias_.--32. _appelyteis of_ misled _Princeis_.

413, l. 12. _my Lord Dukis Grace_--the Duke.

414, l. 10-12. _Hienes, quham ... God_, expecting earnestly your answer.

415, l. 29. _experimentit_--dear.

416, l. 3. _lawlie_ to our.--18. _of the_ same: And that ye would _rather_.

417, l. 16. _Onlie_ to shew.

418, l. 6. _to_ this _commun-wealth_.--8. _a_ plain _declaratioun_.

420, l. 20. _Pleis your Grace_--Madame.--29, 30. _sall_ treat or deal _for himself_.

421, l. 14. _ye_ knew fully, and all men else.--20, 21. The Queen's Proclamation.

425, l. 10. _thing not of lait_--thing of lait.

426, l. 1. _as in_ deed _it is_.--3. _haid_ Inche, Colme, _Dumbar_.--4. _maid_; yet all these _could_.--9. _the trewth_, (_omitted_.)--12. _seiking_ constantly _to possesse_ the _libertie_ of Leith, which _be donation of_ ancient _Kingis thay have long_ enjoyed.

427, l. 9. _to wit_--is.--22. _mentenance_--mantainers.

428, l. 3, 4. _to this day_, (_omitted_.)--8. _write to_ the praise of _Goddis_.--13. _honour_, (_omitted_.)

429, l. 13. _our_, (_omitted_.)--20. _be of_ such _reputatioun_.

430, l. 14. _quhan_, (_omitted_.)

431, l. 7. _support_--our _support_.

432, l. 4. _presentt_ day, _that_.--_maist_, (_omitted_.)

433, l. 2. _onlie_--openlie.--10. _deceat, that_ to _lift thair weaponis against thair brethren_.--12. _glorie_, or _yet_.

434, l. 26. _thame_, so they did answer unto her, _as by_.

435, l. 2. _moist_, (_omitted_.)

436, l. 7. _self and_ those that followeth you. _And that._

437, l. 28. _It will ... remembrance_--Your Majestie may call to minde, _how at_.

438, l. 12. _we will_ (as befoir) move _and declair_.--20. _humbill_, (_omitted_.)

439, l. 3. _maid_ by these about _the Quene_.--6. _never anis_ hath made any shew of any such thing, _bott_ only _in_.--10. _poore_ commonalty.--17. _Lady_: Which accusation hath continued ever against him, as guilty of that crime; he therefore now openly _and plainlie_ protesteth.

---- (_Opposite to line 8, the first marginal note begins_,) Now the Duke seeing the Queen's partie decline, and the Protestant party grow strong, he once more changeth the profession of his religion, and joyneth with the Protestants, as strongest.--(_And at line 24,_) How true this is, the constant course of the family can tell.

440, l. 3. _your_--our.--(_Marginal note_,) _Let this bee noted, and let all men judge of the purpose of the Frenche_, and how good and wise patriots they were, who sold our Soveraign to France for their private profit, and they by name were the Hamiltons.

441, l. 21. _so_ tyranically to domineer over them.

442, l. 3. _called and_, (_omitted_.)--9. _that_ it _is_.--17. _never so_ firmly establish any, but at his pleasure, he seeing just cause, might deprive them.--22. _used_--useth second _means_.

443, l. 3. _idolatrie_, as also she openly declares the countrie to be conquest, and no more free. _And finallie_.--9. (_Marginal note_,) _in the disposition_--in the deposition.--11, 12. _and_ disorder.--14. _our_ Soveraigne.--31. _awin_, (_omitted_.)

444, l. 10. _uttermost_ ruine, _so that_.--22. _for that_--only because.--24. _lauchfull_, (_omitted_.)--30. _of Sanct Johnestoun_, (_omitted_.)

445, l. 4. _in this_ last _moneth_.--5. _in_ other _townes_.--21. _Soverane Lord_ deceased without heirs of her _persone_.--24. _our_ whole _cuntree_.--_causes_--caused ... to coine lead-_money_.

445, l. 28. _And attour, her Grace places_--Again, she so placeth.

446, l. 5. _be his_--by this.--11. _remissionis_, conform _to the practise_.

448, l. 2. _fearing_ lest _the_.

449, l. 9. _Pleise your Grace_--Madame.

450, l. 2. _Lord and_ Lady their _true_.--7. _for_ worthy _reasons_.--16. _sute_--follow.--17, 18. _maid_ oft before. Again we desire you _cause_.

451, l. 1. _xxiii of October_--24 of October.--10. _that thei_, (_omitted_.)--18. _sa lang as_ they use us as friends, and not strive _to make_.

453, l. 2. _name_, requiring thame.--15. _The ungodlie soldiouris_, in hatred of goodnesse and good men, continuing in their disorder, mocke _the Laird_.--22. _shall_ make them know me.

458, l. 9. _without_ delay.

459, l. 6. The Captain of _the Castle_.--27. _desyred_, (_omitted_.)--21. _back, the_ carriage of money _was dejected_.

460, l. 21. _betimes_ in the morning for keeping.

461, l. 24, 462, l. 1. _so that in no wise we could charge thame_, (_omitted_.)

463, l. 7. _after_ our departure.

464, l. 28. _before lurked_--there lurked.

465, l. 9. _Alas if I might see_ another defie given: _Give advertisement_.

466, l. 22. _continewalie_, (_omitted_.)

468, l. 18. _altogitther_, (_omitted_.)

469, l. 23. _I_ speak _more generallie then_ the present _necessity_ requireth: _for_.

470, l. 25. _thair_ own _formar offences_.

471, l. 9. _himself_, I _speik_.

472, l. 10 and 12. _uncertane_--certaine.--19. _when_ their blinde fury _pursued us_.--l. 16. (_In the margin_,) Let the House of Hamilton remember this.

473, l. 20. _thair_ home and _quiet_.--23. With this we end _the Second Book of the History_, &c.

THE END OF THE SECOND BOOK.

No. II.

THE LOLLARDS IN SCOTLAND DURING THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY.

In tracing the History of the Reformation, we must always revert to a much earlier period than that of Luther. The chief witnesses against the corrupt ceremonies and discipline of the Church of Rome belonged to two distinct sects, but entertaining nearly the same sentiments--the Albigenses, who were chiefly settled about Toulouse and Albigeois, in Languedoc; and the Valdenses, who inhabited the mountainous tract of country, (known as the Cottian Alps,) in the provinces of Dauphine and Provence, in the south of France, and in Piedmont, in the north of Italy. Both sects may be considered as descendants of the primitive Christians, and the long series of persecutions which they endured, may have conduced to spread their opinions in other lands, and to keep alive a spirit of religious inquiry and freedom.

The great English Reformer John Wykliffe, died in the year 1380. The persecutions which arose after his death, drove many of his adherents into exile, and brought some of them to the western parts of Scotland, who, having settled in Ayrshire, obtained the name of the Lollards of Kyle. Any notices respecting them that have been preserved are unfortunately very scanty, but should not be overlooked in a work like the present.

Andrew of Wyntoun, Prior of Lochlevin, the author of a Metrical Chronicle, written about the year 1420, when recording the appointment of Robert Duke of Albany as Governor of Scotland, in the year 1405, commends him for his opposition to Lollards and Heretics:--

"He was a constant Catholike, All Lollard he hatyt, and Hereticke."--(vol. ii. p. 419.)

It was during his administration, that the first Martyr of the Reformed religion was committed to the flames at Perth, for alleged heresy, in the year 1406 or 1407. This was eight or nine years previously to the death of John Huss, that "generous and intrepid Martyr and confessor of Christ," as Luther justly calls him.

Walter Bower, the continuator of Fordun, is probably the only original historian who has preserved an account of Resby, of which the following is an extract:--

"LIB. XV. CAP. XX. DE COMBUSTIONE JACOBI RESBY HÆRETICI APUD PERTH.

"Eodem anno [MCCCCVI] die combustus est JACOBUS RESBY, Presbyter Anglicus de schola Johannis Wykliff, hæreticus condemnatus in concilio cleri sub magistro Laurentio de Lundoris, inquisitore hæreticæ pravitatis, solidissimo clerico et famoso theologo, vitæ sanctitate quamplurimum collaudato. Qui quidem Jacobus, quamvis interdum celeberrimus reputabatur simplicibus prædicatione, periculosissimas tamen conclusiones intersperserat in sua dogmatizatione. Quarum prima fuit, quod Papa de facto non est Christi vicarius. Secunda, Nullus est Papa, nec Christi vicarius, nisi sit sanctus. De consimilibus, vel pejoribus, tenuit quadraginta conclusiones. Cujus tam Scripta quam auctorem Inquisitor confutavit, et ad ignem applicavit et incineravit. Hujusmodi errores excerpti sunt de hæresibus dicti Johannis Wykliff hæresiarchæ, damnati Londoniis in Anglia, anno Domini MCCCLXXX, per primatem Angliæ, et tredecim episcopos, ae magistros in sacra theologia triginta, ex dialogo, trialogo, et aliis suis libris. Conclusiones et libelli istius hæretici adhuc a nonnullis Lolardis habentur in Scotia, et curiose servantur, ex instinctu Diaboli, per tales quibus aquæ furtivæ dulciores sunt, et panis absconditus suavior."--(Vol. i. p. 441.)

The several abbreviates of the Scotichronicon notice Resby's fate. Law's MS. places it in 1406; but the larger "Extracta ex Cronicis Scocie," gives the year 1407, nor omits the circumstance "De talibus et pejoribus xl. Conclusiuncs; _cujus liber adhuc restant curiose servantur per Lolardos in Scocie_." Among later writers who mention Resby, Spotiswood says, "John Wickliffe in England, John Hus and Jerome of Prague in Bohemia, did openly preach against the tyranny of the Pope, and the abuses introduced in the Church; and in this countrey, one called Joannes [James] Resby an Englishman, and _de schola_ Wickliffi, as the story speaketh, was brought in question for some points of doctrine which he taught, and condemned to the fire. He was charged by Master Laurence Lendores with 40 heretical opinions; whereof we have two only mentioned; one, That the Pope was not Christ's Vicar; the other, That he was not to be esteemed Pope, if he was a man of wicked life. For maintaining these two points, he suffered in the year 1407."--(History of the Church, p. 56.) This date is also given in the Breve Cronicon, (apud Registrum Glasguense, p. 316.) "Combustio Jacobi Henrici [Resby] apud Perth, A.D. 1407."

The prevalence of such opinions is still more evident from the oath which Masters of Arts were required to take, in the newly founded University of St. Andrews; it being enacted at a Congregation, held on the 10th of June 1416, that all who commenced Masters of Arts should swear, among other things, that they would resist all adherents of the sect of LOLLARDS. "Item, Jurabitis quod ecclesiam defendetis contra insultum Lollardorum, et quibuscunque eorum secte adherentibus pro posse vestro resistetis."--(MS. Records of the University, quoted by Dr. M'Crie, Life of Melville, vol. i. p. 419.)

Knox commences his History with referring to some person whose name did not appear in the Scrollis or Registers of Glasgow, who suffered in that city in the year 1422. David Buchanan and Petrie have rather hastily concluded that Resby was the person referred to, overlooking both the difference of time and the place of his execution.

Another proof of the increase of the Lollards in Scotland, is furnished by an Act in the Parliament of King James the First, held at Perth, on the 12th March 1424-5, soon after his return from his long captivity in England:--

"OF HERETICKIS AND LOLLARDIS.

"Item, Anentis Heretikis and Lollardis, that ilk Bischop sall ger inquyr be the Inquisicione of Heresy, quhar ony sik beis fundyne, ande at thai be punyst as Lawe of Haly Kirk requiris: Ande, gif it misteris, that Secular power be callyt tharto in suppowale and helping of Haly Kirk."--(Acta Parl. Scotiæ, vol. ii. p. 7.)

The prevalence of reformed opinions is also clear from the appointment of a dignified Churchman as Heretical Inquisitor. Such an office would obviously never have been contemplated, unless for the wide spread of what was deemed to be heresy. Laurence of Lindores, Abbot of Scone, in 1411, was the first Professor of Law in the newly erected University of St. Andrews, and he is described as "solidissimus clericus et famosus theologus, vitæ sanctitate quamplurimum collaudatus." But the title of HAERETICÆ PRAVITATIS INQUISITOR, formed his highest distinction; and he is said to have given no peace or rest to heretics or Lollards. Whether Laurence of Lindores resigned his situation as Abbot on obtaining other preferment, is uncertain. In July 1432, when elected Dean of the Faculty of Arts, at St. Andrews, he is styled Rector of Creich, Master of Arts, Licentiate in Theology, Inquisitor for the Kingdom of Scotland, &c. This office of Dean he held till his death, when (post mortem felicis memoriæ Magistri Laurencii de Lundoris,) Mr. George Newton, Provost of the Collegiate Church of Bothwell, was elected his successor, 16th September 1437.--(Registers of the University.) Lindores is said to have written "Examen Hæreticorum Lolardorum, quos toto regno exegit."

The next Martyr was Paul Craw or Crawar, a native of Bohemia, by old Scotish writers called Beum. As Knox seems to have had before him the brief notice contained in the first edition of Foxe's "Actes and Monuments," the passage from that edition may here be quoted:--

"¶ PAULE CRAWS A BOHEMIAN.

"The same yere [1431] also was Paul Craws a Bohemian taken at s. Andrews by the Bishop Henry, and delivered over to the seculer power to be burnt, for holdyng contrary opinions vnto the church of Rome, touching the sacrament of the Lords supper, the worshipping of sainctes, auriculer confessyon, with other of Wycleffes opinions."--(Foxe, p. 360, first edit., 1564, folio.)

The earlier notices given of this Martyr by Bower the Continuator of Fordun, and Hector Boece, may also be quoted, the latter in the words of his translator John Bellenden, Archdean of Murray, in the reign of James the Fifth. It will be observed that Bower mentions Laurence of Lindores as Inquisitor, whereas Boece says it was John Fogo, his successor in that office, who acted on this occasion, which some authorities place in 1431, others in 1432, or in the following year.

"DE COMBUSTIONE PAULI CRAWAR ARCH-HÆRETICI, ET DE LOLARDIS.

"Anno sequenti [MCCCCXXXIII] accusatus est Paulus Crawar Teutonicus, xxiij. die mensis Julij, apud Sanctum Andream, et hæreticus obstinatus repertus, convictus est et condemnatus, et ad ignem applicatus et incineratus. Hic, ut dicitur, missus fuit ab hæreticis Pragensibus de Bohemia, qui tune in maleficiis nimium prævalebant, ad inficiendum regnum Scotorum, recommissus per ipsorum literas, tanquam præcellens arte medicine. Hic in sacris literis et in allegatione Bibliæ promptus et exercitatus inveniebatur; sed ad insipientiam sibi, omnes quasi illos articulos erroneos Pragenses et Wiklivienses pertinaciter tenebat: sed per venerabilem virum magistrum Laurentium de Londoris, inquisitorem hæreticæ pravitatis, qui nusquam infra regnum requiem dedit hæreticis, vel Lolardis, confutatus est."--(Scotichronicon, vol. ii. p. 495.)

Bower, after this extract, in the remainder of the chapter, and the two following ones, has given some account of the rise and opinions of these Heretics, and the mode of confuting them; which are too long for quotation. Bellenden's briefer notice is as follows:--

"Nocht lang efter was tane in Sanct Androis ane man of Beum namit Paule Craw, precheand new and vane superstitionis to the pepyl, specially aganis the sacrament of the alter, veneration of sanctis, and confession to be maid to Priestis. At last he was brocht afore the Theologis, and al his opinionis condampnit. And because he perseuerit obstinatly to the end of his pley, he was condampnit and brint. He confessit afore his death that he was send out of Beum to preiche to Scottis the heresyis of Hus and Wiccleif. The King commendit mekyl this punition, and gaif the Abbacy of Melros to Johne Fogo, for he was principall convikar of this Paule."--(Bellenden's Cronyklis of Scotland, fol. ccxlvij of orig. edition.)

It is a mistake, however, to say that Fogo was thus rewarded for the zeal he displayed in convicting Paul Crawar of heresy in 1432. Dr. John Fogo was Abbot of Melrose in the year 1425, when he was sent to Rome on an embassy from King James the First. He was the King's Confessor, and was present at the Council of Basil in 1433.--(Morton's Monastic Annals, pp. 236, 237.) Sir James Balfour treats him with very little ceremony:--"This zeire 1433, (he says,) the King, at the earnist sollicitatione of the clergey, bot especially of Henrey Wardlaw, Bishope of St. Andrewes, bestowed the Abbey of Melrosse upone a luberdly mounke of the Cisteauxe order, quho had wretten a blasphemous pamphlet against Paull Crau's heresy, named Johne Fogo."--(Annals, vol. i. p. 161.)

But it was not obscure men or strangers who were occasionally subjected to the charge of heresy. In the reign of James the Third, the case of the Primate of Scotland is worthy of special notice. In 1466, Patrick Graham, son of Lord Graham, and nephew of James the First, was translated from the See of Brechin to St. Andrews. Graham proceeded to Rome to obtain his confirmation, but the enmity of the Boyds during their power at Court occasioned him to delay for some years his return to Scotland. During this period, the Archbishop of York having renewed an old contested claim as Metropolitan of the Scotish Church, Graham succeeded in obtaining from Pope Sixtus the Fourth a sentence, whereby it was declared "a thing unfitting that an English Prelate should be the Primate of Scotland, by reason of the warres that might break forth betwixt the two kingdoms."--The King, in 1470, calls him "Consanguineo nostro carissimo;" and in the same year is styled as "Conservator Privilegiorum Ecclesiæ Scoticanæ." He is said to have returned in the year 1472; and both Buchanan and Spottiswood have given a minute and interesting account of the troubles in which he was involved.

In 1471, Pope. Sixtus the Fourth erected the See of St. Andrews into an Archbishoprick, and thus Graham became Primate, Pope's Nuncio, and Legatus a latere. But his zeal and innovations in reforming abuses, excited the envy and opposition both of the clergy and persons in civil authority; and darkened the latter days of his life to such a degree, that he was brought to trial, and by the Pope's Legate, named Huseman, who came to Scotland for that purpose, he was degraded from his dignities, and condemned to perpetual imprisonment, as a HERETIC, schismatic, &c.; and was put under the custody of William Schevez, Archdean of St. Andrews, who was appointed his coadjutor and successor. Bishop Lesley (p. 318,) places Graham's trial in 1477, and says, he was first imprisoned in Inchcolm, then removed to Dunfermling, and soon after to the Castle of Lochleven, where he died in 1478. See also Sir James Balfour's Annals, vol. i. p. 200. "This end (says Spottiswood) had that worthy man, in virtue and learning inferior to none of his time, oppressed by the malice and calumny of his enemies, chiefly for that they feared reformation of their wicked abuses by his means."

* * * * *

Of the LOLLARDS mentioned by Knox as summoned for trial before James the Fourth in 1491, no additional information has been obtained. Alexander Alesius, in 1534, takes notice of John Campbell of Cesnock having also been summoned and acquitted: see Rev. Chr. Anderson's Annals, vol. ii. p. 400; John Davidson's Memoriall of Two Worthie Christians, &c., p. 10, Edinb. 1595, 8vo; and Calderwood's History, vol. i. p. 54. In "The Praise of Aige," a poem, written about that time by Walter Kennedy, a younger son of Gilbert Lord Kennedy, the progenitor of the Earls of Cassilis, we find these lines:--

"This warld is sett for to dissaive us evin,
Pryde is the nett, and cuvatece is the trane;
For na reward, except the joy of hevin,
Wald I be yung in to this warld agane.
_The Schip of Faith, tempestuous wind and rane
Dryvis in the see of Lollerdry that blawis_;
My yowth is gane, and I am glaid and fane,
Honour with aige to every vertew drawis."

The same author, in his Flyting or poetical contest with William Dunbar, among other terms of reproach, styles his antagonist "Lamp Lollardorum;" and also, "Judas Jow, Juglour, LOLLARD Lawreat."--(Dunbar's Poems, vol. ii. pp. 85, 90, 440.)

No. III.

PATRICK HAMILTON, ABBOT OF FERNE.

In collecting some notices of this memorable person, it may be remarked, that Knox has passed over his history much more briefly than likely he would have done, had he himself been at St. Andrews at the time of his execution. It has been customary to give a rather exaggerated account of Hamilton's birth and family connexions. Bishop Burnet says, "The first who suffered in this age (in Scotland) was Patrick Hamilton, a person of very noble blood: his father was brother to the Earl of Arran, and his mother sister to the Duke of Albany: so nearly was he on both sides related to the King. He was provided of the Abbey of Fern in his youth; and being designed for greater preferments, he was sent to travel," &c.--(Hist. of the Reform., vol. i. p. 291.) Similar terms are employed by later writers.