Chapter I: Part 1

THE WORKS OF ROBERT G. INGERSOLL,

CONTENTS OF THE 12 VOLUMES

By Robert G. Ingersoll

Edited and Compiled by David Widger

"The Destroyer Of Weeds, Thistles And Thorns Is A Benefactor, Whether He Soweth Grain Or Not." 1900

THE DRESDEN EDITION

VOLUME I.--LECTURES

DETAILED CONTENTS OF VOLUME I.

PUBLISHER'S PREFACE.

THE GODS

HUMBOLDT.

THOMAS PAINE

INDIVIDUALITY.

HERETICS AND HERESIES.

THE GHOSTS.

THE LIBERTY OF MAN, WOMAN, AND CHILD.

LIBERTY OF WOMAN.

THE LIBERTY OF CHILDREN.

CONCLUSION.

ABOUT FARMING IN ILLINOIS

WHAT MUST WE DO TO BE SAVED?

I. WHAT WE MUST DO TO BE SAVED

II. THE GOSPEL OF MATTHEW

III. THE GOSPEL OF MARK

IV. THE GOSPEL OF LUKE.

V. THE GOSPEL OF JOHN

VI. THE CATHOLICS

VII. THE EPISCOPALIANS

VIII. THE METHODISTS

IX. THE PRESBYTERIANS

X. THE EVANGELICAL ALLIANCE.

XI. WHAT DO YOU PROPOSE?

DETAILED CONTENTS OF VOLUME I.

THE GODS.

(1872.) An Honest God is the Noblest Work of ManóResemblance of Gods to their CreatorsóManufacture and Characteristics of DeitiesóTheir AmoursóDeficient in many Departments of KnowledgeóPleased with the Butchery of UnbelieversóA Plentiful SupplyóVisitationsóOne God's Laws of WaróThe Book called the BibleóHeresy of UniversalismóFaith an unhappy mixture of Insanity and IgnoranceóFallen Gods, or DevilsóDirections concerning Human SlaveryóThe first Appearance of the DevilóThe Tree of KnowledgeóGive me the Storm and Tempest of ThoughtóGods and Devils Natural ProductionsóPersonal Appearance of DeitiesóAll Man's Ideas suggested by his SurroundingsóPhenomena Supposed to be Produced by Intelligent PowersóInsanity and Disease attributed to Evil SpiritsóOrigin of the PriesthoodóTemptation of ChristóInnate IdeasóDivine InterferenceóSpecial ProvidenceóThe Crane and the FishóCancer as a proof of DesignóMatter and ForceóMiracleóPassing the Hat for just one FactóSir William Hamilton on Cause and EffectóThe Phenomena of MindóNecessity and Free WillóThe Dark AgesóThe Originality of RepetitionóOf what Use have the Gods been to Man?óPaley and DesignóMake Good Health ContagiousóPeriodicity of the Universe and the Commencement of Intellectual FreedomóLesson of the ineffectual attempt to rescue the Tomb of Christ from the MohammedansóThe Cemetery of the GodsóTaking away CrutchesóImperial Reason

HUMBOLDT.

(1869.) The Universe is Governed by LawóThe Self-made ManóPoverty generally an AdvantageóHumboldt's Birth-placeóHis desire for TravelóOn what Humboldt's Fame dependsóHis Companions and FriendsóInvestigations in the New WorldóA PictureóSubjects of his AddressesóVictory of the Church over PhilosophyóInfluence of the discovery that the World is governed by LawóOn the term LawóCopernicusóAstronomyóAryabhattaó DescartesóCondition of the World and Man when the morning of Science DawnedóReasons for Honoring HumboldtóThe World his Monument

THOMAS PAINE.

(1870.) With his Name left out the History of Liberty cannot be WrittenóPaine's Origin and ConditionóHis arrival in America with a Letter of Introduction by FranklinóCondition of the Coloniesó"Common Sense"óA new Nation BornóPaine the Best of Political WritersóThe "Crisis"óWar not to the Interest of a trading NationóPaine's Standing at the Close of the RevolutionóClose of the Eighteenth Century in France-The "Rights of Man"óPaine Prosecuted in Englandó"The World is my Country"óElected to the French AssemblyóVotes against the Death of the KingóImprisonedóA look behind the AltaróThe "Age of Reason"óHis Argument against the Bible as a RevelationóChristianity of Paine's DayóA Blasphemy Law in Force in MarylandóThe Scotch "Kirk"óHanging of Thomas Aikenhead for Denying the Inspiration of the Scripturesó"Cathedrals and Domes, and Chimes and Chants"óScienceó"He Died in the Land his Genius Defended,"

INDIVIDUALITY.

(1873.) "His Soul was like a Star and Dwelt Apart"óDisobedience one of the Conditions of Progress.óMagellanóThe Monarch and the Hermit-Why the Church hates a ThinkeróThe Argument from Grandeur and Prosperity-Travelers and Guide-boardsóA Degrading SayingóTheological EducationóScotts, Henrys and McKnightsóThe Church the Great RobberóCorrupting the Reason of ChildrenóMonotony of Acquiescence: For God's sake, say NoóProtestant Intolerance: Luther and CalvinóAssertion of Individual Independence a Step toward InfidelityóSalute to JupiteróThe Atheistic Bug-Little Religious Liberty in AmericaóGod in the Constitution, Man OutóDecision of the Supreme Court of Illinois that an Unbeliever could not testify in any CourtóDissimulationóNobody in this BedóThe Dignity of a Unit

HERETICS AND HERESIES.

(1874.) Liberty, a Word without which all other Words are VainóThe Church, the Bible, and PersecutionóOver the wild Waves of War rose and fell the Banner of Jesus ChristóHighest Type of the Orthodox ChristianóHeretics' Tongues and why they should be Removed before BurningóThe Inquisition EstablishedóForms of TortureóAct of Henry VIII for abolishing Diversity of OpinionóWhat a Good Christian was Obliged to BelieveóThe Church has Carried the Black FlagóFor what Men and Women have been BurnedóJohn Calvin's Advent into the WorldóHis Infamous ActsóMichael ServetusóCastalioóSpread of PresbyterianismóIndictment of a Presbyterian Minister in Illinois for HeresyóSpecificationsóThe Real Bible

THE GHOSTS.

(1877.) Dedication to Ebon C. IngersollóPrefaceóMendacity of the Religious Pressó"Materialism"óWays of Pleasing the GhostsóThe Idea of Immortality not Born of any BookóWitchcraft and Demon-ologyóWitch Trial before Sir Matthew HaleóJohn Wesley a Firm Believer in Ghostsó"Witch-spots"óLycanthropyóAnimals Tried and ConvictedóThe Governor of Minnesota and the GrasshoppersóA Papal Bull against WitchcraftóVictims of the DelusionóSir William Blackstone's AffirmationóTrials in BelgiumóIncubi and SuccubióA Bishop Personated by the DevilóThe Doctrine that Diseases are caused by GhostsóTreatmentóTimothy Dwight against VaccinationóGhosts as HistoriansóThe Language of EdenóLeibnitz, Founder of the Science of LanguageóCosmas on AstronomyóVagaries of Kepler and Tycho BraheóDiscovery of Printing, Powder, and AmericaóThanks to the InventorsóThe Catholic Murderer and the MeatóLet the Ghosts Go

THE LIBERTY OF MAN, WOMAN, AND CHILD.

(1877.) Liberty sustains the same Relation to Mind that Space does to MatteróThe History of Man a History of SlaveryóThe Infidel Our Fathers in the good old TimeóThe iron Arguments that Christians UsedóInstruments of TortureóA Vision of the InquisitionóModels of Man's InventionsóWeapons, Armor, Musical Instruments, Paintings, Books, SkullsóThe Gentleman in the Dug-outóHomage to Genius and IntellectóAbraham LincolnóWhat I mean by LibertyóThe Man who cannot afford to Speak his Thought is a Certificate of the Meanness of the Community in which he ResidesóLiberty of WomanóMarriage and the FamilyóOrnaments the Souvenirs of Bondage-The Story of the Garden of EdenóAdami and HevaóEquality of the Sexes-The word "Boss"óThe Cross Man-The Stingy ManóWives who are BeggarsóHow to Spend MoneyóBy the Tomb of the Old NapoleonóThe Woman you Love will never Grow OldóLiberty of ChildrenóWhen your Child tells a LieóDisowning ChildrenóBeating your own Flesh and BloodóMake Home PleasantóSunday when I was a BoyóThe Laugh of a ChildóThe doctrine of Eternal PunishmentóJonathan Edwards on the Happiness of Believing Husbands whose Wives are in HellóThe Liberty of Eating and SleepingóWater in FeveróSoil and Climate necessary to the production of GeniusóAgainst Annexing Santo DomingoóDescent of ManóConclusion

ABOUT FARMING IN ILLINOIS.

(1877.) To Plow is to Pray; to Plant is to Prophesy, and the Harvest Answers and FulfillsóThe Old Way of FarmingóCooking an Unknown Art-Houses, Fuel, and CropsóThe Farmer's BoyóWhat a Farmer should SellóBeautifying the HomeóAdvantages of Illinois as a Farming StateóAdvantages of the Farmer over the MechanicóFarm Life too Lonely-On Early RisingóSleep the Best DoctoróFashionóPatriotism and Boarding HousesóThe Farmer and the RailroadsóMoney and ConfidenceóDemonetization of Silver-Area of IllinoisóMortgages and InterestóKindness to Wives and ChildrenóHow a Beefsteak should be CookedóDecorations and ComfortóLet the Children SleepóOld Age

WHAT MUST WE DO TO BE SAVED?

(1880.) PrefaceóThe Synoptic GospelsóOnly Mark Knew of the Necessity of BeliefóThree Christs DescribedóThe Jewish Gentleman and the Piece of BaconóWho Wrote the New Testament?óWhy Christ and the Apostles wrote NothingóInfinite Respect for the Man ChristóDifferent Feeling for the Theological ChristóSaved from What?óChapter on the Gospel of MatthewóWhat this Gospel says we must do to be SavedóJesus and the ChildrenóJohn Calvin and Jonathan Edwards conceived of as Dimpled DarlingsóChrist and the Man who inquired what Good Thing he should do that he might have Eternal LifeóNothing said about BeliefóAn InterpolationóChapter on the Gospel of MarkóThe Believe or be Damned Passage, and why it was writtenóThe last Conversation of Christ with his DisciplesóThe Signs that Follow them that BelieveóChapter on the Gospel of LukeóSubstantial Agreement with Matthew and MarkóHow Zaccheus achieved SalvationóThe two Thieves on the CrossóChapter on the Gospel of JohnóThe Doctrine of Regeneration, or the New BirthóShall we Love our Enemies while God Damns His?óChapter on the CatholicsóCommunication with Heaven through Decayed SaintsóNuns and NunneriesóPenitentiaries of God should be InvestigatedóThe Athanasian Creed expoundedóThe Trinity and its MembersóChapter on the EpiscopaliansóOrigin of the Episcopal ChurchóApostolic Succession an Imported ArticleóEpiscopal Creed like the Catholic, with a few Additional AbsurditiesóChapter on the MethodistsóWesley and WhitfieldóTheir Quarrel about PredestinationóMuch Preaching for Little MoneyóAdapted to New CountriesóChapter on the PresbyteriansóJohn Calvin, MurdereróMeeting between Calvin and KnoxóThe Infamy of CalvinismóDivision in the ChurchóThe Young Presbyterian's Resignation to the Fate of his MotheróA Frightful, Hideous, and Hellish CreedóChapter on the Evangelical AllianceóJeremy Taylor's Opinion of BaptistsóOrthodoxy not DeadóCreed of the AllianceóTotal Depravity, Eternal DamnationóWhat do You Propose?óThe Gospel of Good-fellowship, Cheerfulness, Health, Good Living, JusticeóNo ForgivenessóGod's Forgiveness Does not Pay my Debt to SmithóGospel of Liberty, of Intelligence, of HumanityóOne World at a Timeó"Upon that Rock I Stand"

VOLUME II.--LECTURES

DETAILED CONTENTS OF VOLUME II.

PREFACE.

SOME MISTAKES OF MOSES.

SOME REASONS WHY

ORTHODOXY.

MYTH AND MIRACLE.

DETAILED CONTENTS OF VOLUME II.

SOME MISTAKES OF MOSES.

(1879.) PrefaceóI. He who endeavors to control the Mind by Force is a Tyrant, and he who submits is a SlaveóAll I AskóWhen a Religion is FoundedóFreedom for the Orthodox ClergyóEvery Minister an AttorneyóSubmission to the Orthodox and the DeadóBounden Duty of the MinistryóThe Minister Factory at AndoveróII. Free SchoolsóNo Sectarian SciencesóReligion and the SchoolsóScientific HypocritesóIII. The Politicians and the ChurchesóIV. Man and Woman the Highest Possible TitlesóBelief Dependent on SurroundingsóWorship of AncestorsóBlindness Necessary to Keeping the Narrow PathóThe Bible the Chain that BindsóA Bible of the Middle Ages and the Awe it InspiredóV. The PentateuchóMoses Not the AuthoróBelief out of which Grew Religious CeremoniesóEgypt the Source of the Information of MosesóVI. MondayóNothing, in the Light of Raw MaterialóThe Story of Creation BegunóThe Same Story, substantially, Found in the Records of Babylon, Egypt, and IndiaóInspiration Unnecessary to the TruthóUsefulness of Miracles to Fit Lies to FactsóDivision of Darkness and LightóVII. TuesdayóThe Firmament and Some Biblical Notions about itóLaws of Evaporation Unknown to the Inspired WriteróVIII. WednesdayóThe Waters Gathered into SeasóFruit and Nothing to Eat itóFive Epochs in the Organic History of the EarthóBalance between the Total Amounts of Animal and Vegetable LifeóVegetation Prior to the Appearance of the SunóIX. ThursdayóSun and Moon ManufacturedóMagnitude of the Solar OrbóDimensions of Some of the PlanetsóMoses' Guess at the Size of Sun and MoonóJoshua's Control of the Heavenly BodiesóA Hypothesis Urged by MinistersóThe Theory of "Refraction"óRev. Henry MoreyóAstronomical Knowledge of Chinese SavantsóThe Motion of the Earth Reversed by Jehovah for the Reassurance of Ahazó"Errors" Renounced by ButtonóX. "He made the Stars Also"óDistance of the Nearest StaróXI. FridayóWhales and Other Living Creatures ProducedóXII. SaturdayóReproduction InauguratedóXIII. "Let Us Make Man"óHuman Beings Created in the Physical Image and Likeness of GodóInquiry as to the Process AdoptedóDevelopment of Living Forms According to EvolutionóHow Were Adam and Eve Created?óThe Rib StoryóAge of Man Upon the EarthóA Statue Apparently Made before the WorldóXIV. SundayóSacredness of the Sabbath Destroyed by the Theory of Vast "Periods"óReflections on the SabbathóXV. The Necessity for a Good MemoryóThe Two Accounts of the Creation in Genesis I and IIóOrder of Creation in the First AccountóOrder of Creation in the Second AccountóFastidiousness of Adam in the Choice of a HelpmeetóDr. Adam Clark's CommentaryóDr. Scott's GuessóDr. Matthew Henry's AdmissionóThe Blonde and Brunette ProblemóThe Result of Unbelief and the Reward of Faithó"Give Him a Harp"óXVI. The GardenóLocation of EdenóThe Four RiversóThe Tree of KnowledgeóAndover Appealed ToóXVII. The FallóThe SerpentóDr. Adam Clark Gives a Zoological ExplanationóDr. Henry DissentsóWhence This Serpent?óXVIII. DampnessóA Race of GiantsóWickedness of MankindóAn Ark ConstructedóA Universal Flood IndicatedóAnimals Probably Admitted to the ArkóHow Did They Get There?óProblem of Food and ServiceóA Shoreless Sea Covered with Innumerable DeadóDrs. Clark and Henry on the SituationóThe Ark Takes GroundóNew DifficultiesóNoah's SacrificeóThe Rainbow as a MemorandumóBabylonian, Egyptian, and Indian Legends of a FloodóXIX. Bacchus and BabelóInterest Attaching to NoahóWhere Did Our First Parents and the Serpent Acquire a Common Language?óBabel and the Confusion of TonguesóXX. Faith in FilthóImmodesty of Biblical DictionóXXI. The HebrewsóGod's Promises to AbrahamóThe Sojourning of Israel in EgyptóMarvelous IncreaseóMoses and AaronóXXII. The PlaguesóCompetitive Miracle WorkingóDefeat of the Local MagiciansóXXIII. The Flight Out of EgyptóThree Million People in a DesertóDestruction of Pharaoh ana His HostóMannaóA Superfluity of QuailsóRev. Alexander Cruden's CommentaryóHornets as Allies of the IsraelitesóDurability of the Clothing of the Jewish PeopleóAn Ointment MonopolyóConsecration of PriestsóThe Crime of Becoming a MotheróThe Ten CommandmentsóMedical Ideas of JehovahóCharacter of the God of the PentateuchóXXIV. Confess and AvoidóXXV. "Inspired" SlaveryóXXVI. "Inspired" Marriage-XXVII. "Inspired" War-XXVIII. "Inspired" Religious LibertyóXXIX. Conclusion.

SOME REASONS WHY.

(1881.) IóReligion makes EnemiesóHatred in the Name of Universal BenevolenceóNo Respect for the Rights of BarbariansóLiteral Fulfillment of a New Testament ProphecyóII. Duties to GodóCan we Assist God?óAn Infinite Personality an Infinite Impossibility-Ill. InspirationóWhat it Really IsóIndication of ClamsóMultitudinous Laughter of the SeaóHorace Greeley and the Mammoth TreesóA Landscape Compared to a Table-clothóThe Supernatural is the DeformedóInspiration in the Man as well as in the BookóOur Inspired BibleóIV. God's Experiment with the JewsóMiracles of One Religion never astonish the Priests of Anotheró"I am a Liar Myself"óV. Civilized CountriesóCrimes once regarded as Divine InstitutionsóWhat the Believer in the Inspiration of the Bible is Compelled to SayóPassages apparently written by the DevilóVI. A Comparison of BooksóAdvancing a Cannibal from Missionary to MuttonóContrast between the Utterances of Jehovah and those of Reputable HeathenóEpictetus, Cicero, Zeno, Senecaóthe Hindu, Antoninus, Marcus AureliusóThe AvestaóVII. MonotheismóEgyptians before Moses taught there was but One God and Married but One WifeóPersians and Hindoos had a Single Supreme DeityóRights of Roman WomenóMarvels of Art achieved without the Assistance of HeavenóProbable Action of the Jewish Jehovah incarnated as ManóVIII. The New TestamentóDoctrine of Eternal Pain brought to LightóDiscrepanciesóHuman Weaknesses cannot be Predicated of Divine WisdomóWhy there are Four Gospels according to IrenÊusóThe AtonementóRemission of Sins under the Mosaic DispensationóChristians say, "Charge it"óGod's Forgiveness does not Repair an InjuryóSuffering of Innocence for the GuiltyóSalvation made Possible by Jehovah's Failure to Civilize the JewsóNecessity of Belief not taught in the Synoptic GospelsóNon-resistance the Offspring of WeaknessóIX. Christ's MissionóAll the Virtues had been Taught before his AdventóPerfect and Beautiful Thoughts of his Pagan PredecessorsóSt. Paul Contrasted with Heathen Writersó"The Quality of Mercy"óX. Eternal PainóAn Illustration of Eternal PunishmentóCaptain Kreuger of the Barque TigeróXI. Civilizing Influence of the BibleóIts Effects on the JewsóIf Christ was God, Did he not, in his Crucifixion, Reap what he had Sown?óNothing can add to the Misery of a Nation whose King is Jehovah

ORTHODOXY.

(1884.) Orthodox Religion Dying OutóReligious Deaths and BirthsóThe Religion of ReciprocityóEvery Language has a CemeteryóOrthodox Institutions Survive through the Money invested in themó"Let us tell our Real Names"óThe Blows that have Shattered the Shield and Shivered the Lance of SuperstitionóMohammed's Successful Defence of the Sepulchre of ChristóThe Destruction of ArtóThe Discovery of AmericaóAlthough he made it himself, the Holy Ghost was Ignorant of the Form of this EarthóCopernicus and KepleróSpecial ProvidenceóThe Man and the Ship he did not TakeóA Thanksgiving Proclamation ContradictedóCharles DarwinóHenry Ward BeecheróThe CreedsóThe Latest CreedóGod as a GovernoróThe Love of GodóThe Fall of ManóWe are Bound by Representatives without a Chance to Vote against ThemóThe AtonementóThe Doctrine of Depravity a Libel on the Human RaceóThe Second BirthóA Unitarian UniversalistóInspiration of the ScripturesóGod a Victim of his own TyrannyóIn the New Testament Trouble Commences at DeathóThe Reign of Truth and LoveóThe Old Spaniard who Died without an EnemyóThe Wars it BroughtóConsolation should be Denied to MurderersóAt the Rate at which Heathen are being Converted, how long will it take to Establish Christ's Kingdom on Earth?óThe ResurrectionóThe Judgment DayóPious Evasionsó"We shall not Die, but we shall all be Hanged"ó"No Bible, no Civilization" Miracles of the New TestamentóNothing Written by Christ or his ContemporariesóGenealogy of JesusóMore MiraclesóA Master of DeathóImprobable that he would be CrucifiedóThe Loaves and FishesóHow did it happen that the Miracles Convinced so Few?óThe ResurrectionóThe AscensionóWas the Body SpiritualóParting from the DisciplesóCasting out DevilsóNecessity of BeliefóGod should be consistent in the Matter of forgiving EnemiesóEternal PunishmentóSome Good Men who are DamnedóAnother ObjectionóLove the only Bow on Life's dark Cloudó"Now is the accepted Time"óRather than this Doctrine of Eternal Punishment Should be TrueóI would rather that every Planet should in its Orbit wheel a barren StaróWhat I BelieveóImmortalityóIt existed long before MosesóConsolationóThe Promises are so Far Away, and the Dead are so NearóDeath a Wall or a DooróA FableóOrpheus and Eurydice.

MYTH AND MIRACLE.

(1885.) I. Happiness the true End and Aim of LifeóSpiritual People and their LiteratureóShakespeare's Clowns superior to Inspired WritersóBeethoven's Sixth Symphony Preferred to the Five Books of MosesóVenus of Milo more Pleasing than the Presbyterian CreedóII. Religions Naturally ProducedóPoets the Myth-makersóThe Sleeping BeautyóOrpheus and EurydiceóRed Riding HoodóThe Golden AgeóElysian FieldsóThe Flood MythóMyths of the SeasonsóIII. The Sun-godóJonah, Buddha, Chrisnna, Horus, ZoroasteróDecember 25th as a Birthday of GodsóChrist a Sun-GodóThe Cross a Symbol of the Life to ComeóWhen Nature rocked the Cradle of the Infant WorldóIV. Difference between a Myth and a MiracleóRaising the Dead, Past and PresentóMiracles of JehovahóMiracles of ChristóEverything Told except the TruthóThe Mistake of the WorldóV. Beginning of InvestigationóThe Stars as Witnesses against SuperstitionóMartyrdom of BrunoóGeologyóSteam and ElectricityóNature forever the SameóPersistence of ForceóCathedral, Mosque, and Joss House have the same FoundationóScience the Providence of ManóVI. To Soften the Heart of GodóMartyrsóThe God was SilentóCredulity a ViceóDevelop the Imaginationó"The Skylark" and "The Daisy"óVII. How are we to Civilize the World?óPut Theology out of ReligionóDivorce of Church and StateóSecular EducationóGodless SchoolsóVIII. The New JerusalemóKnowledge of the Supernatural possessed by SavagesóBeliefs of Primitive PeoplesóScience is ModestóTheology ArrogantóTorque-mada and Bruno on the Day of JudgmentóIX. Poison of Superstition in the Mother's MilkóAbility of Mistakes to take Care of ThemselvesóLongevity of Religious LiesóMother's religion pleaded by the CannibalóThe Religion of FreedomóO Liberty, thou art the God of my Idolatry

VOLUME III--LECTURES

DETAILED CONTENTS OF VOLUME III.

SHAKESPEARE

ROBERT BURNS.*

ABRAHAM LINCOLN

VOLTAIRE.

LIBERTY IN LITERATURE.

THE GREAT INFIDELS.*

CONCLUSION.

WHICH WAY?

ABOUT THE HOLY BIBLE.

DETAILED CONTENTS OF VOLUME III.

SHAKESPEARE

(1891.) I. The Greatest Genius of our WorldóNot of Supernatural Origin or of Royal BloodóIlliteracy of his ParentsóEducationóHis FatheróHis Mother a Great WomanóStratford Unconscious of the Immortal ChildóSocial Position of ShakespeareóOf his Personal PeculiaritiesóBirth, Marriage, and DeathóWhat we Know of HimóNo Line written by him to be FoundóThe Absurd EpitaphóII. Contemporaries by whom he was MentionedóIII. No direct Mention of any of his Contemporaries in the PlaysóEvents and Personages of his TimeóIV. Position of the Actor in Shakespeare's TimeóFortunately he was Not Educated at OxfordóAn IdealistóHis Indifference to Stage-carpentry and PlotóHe belonged to All LandsóKnew the Brain and Heart of ManóAn Intellectual SpendthriftóV. The Baconian TheoryóVI. Dramatists before and during the Time of ShakespeareóDramatic Incidents Illustrated in Passages from "Macbeth" and "Julius CÊsar"óVII. His Use of the Work of OthersóThe Pontic SeaóA Passage from "Lear"óVIII. Extravagance that touches the InfiniteóThe Greatest Complimentó"Let me not live after my flame lacks oil"óWhere Pathos almost Touches the GrotesqueóIX. An Innovator and IconoclastóDisregard of the "Unities"óNature ForgetsóViolation of the Classic ModelóX. TypesóThe Secret of ShakespeareóCharacters who Act from Reason and MotiveóWhat they Say not the Opinion of ShakespeareóXI. The Procession that issued from Shakespeare's BrainóHis Great WomenóLovable ClownsóHis MenóTalent and GeniusóXII. The Greatest of all PhilosophersóMaster of the Human HeartóLoveóXIII. In the Realm of ComparisonóXIV. Definitions: Suicide, Drama, Death, Memory, the Body, Life, Echo, the World, RumoróThe Confidant of NatureóXV. Humor and PathosóIllustrationsóXVI. Not a Physician, Lawyer, or BotanistóHe was a Man of ImaginationóHe lived the Life of AllóThe Imagination had a Stage in Shakespeare's Brain.

ROBERT BURNS.

(1878.) Poetry and PoetsóMilton, Dante, PetrarchóOld-time Poetry in ScotlandóInfluence of Scenery on LiteratureóLives that are PoemsóBirth of BurnsóEarly Life and EducationóScotland Emerging from the Gloom of CalvinismóA Metaphysical PeasantryóPower of the Scotch PreacheróFamous Scotch NamesóJohn Barleycorn vs. CalvinismóWhy Robert Burns is LovedóHis ReadingóMade Goddesses of WomenóPoet of Love: His "Vision," "Bonnie Doon," "To Mary in Heaven"óPoet of Home: "Cotter's Saturday Night," "John Anderson, My Jo"óFriendship: "Auld Lang-Syne"óScotch Drink: "Willie brew'd a peck o' maut"óBurns the Artist: The "Brook," "Tam O'Shanter"óA Real Democrat: "A man's a man for a' that"óHis Theology: The Dogma of Eternal Pain, "Morality," "Hypocrisy," "Holy Willie's Prayer"óOn the BibleóA Statement of his ReligionóContrasted with TennysonóFrom Cradle to CoffinóHis Last wordsóLines on the Birth-place of Burns.

ABRAHAM LINCOLN.

(1894.) I. Simultaneous Birth of Lincoln and DarwinóHeroes of Every GenerationóSlaveryóPrinciple Sacrificed to SuccessóLincoln's ChildhoodóHis first SpeechóA Candidate for the Senate against DouglassóII. A Crisis in the Affairs of the RepublicóThe South Not Alone Responsible for SlaveryóLincoln's Prophetic WordsóNominated for President and Elected in Spite of his FitnessóIII. Secession and Civil WaróThe Thought uppermost in his MindóIV. A Crisis in the NorthóProposition to Purchase the SlavesóV. The Proclamation of EmancipationóHis Letter to Horace GreeleyóWaited on by ClergymenóVI. Surrounded by EnemiesóHostile Attitude of Gladstone, Salisbury, Louis Napoleon, and the VaticanóVII. Slavery the Perpetual Stumbling-blockóConfiscationóVIII. His Letter to a Republican Meeting in IllinoisóIts EffectóIX. The Power of His PersonalityóThe Embodiment of MercyóUse of the Pardoning PoweróX. The Vallandigham AffairóThe Horace Greeley IncidentóTriumphs of HumoróXI. Promotion of General HookeróA Prophecy and its FulfillmentóXII.óStates Rights vs. Territorial IntegrityóXIII. His Military GeniusóThe Foremost Man in all the World: and then the Horror CameóXIV. Strange Mingling of Mirth and TearsóDeformation of Great Historic CharactersóWashington now only a Steel EngravingóLincoln not a TypeóVirtues Necessary in a New CountryóLaws of Cultivated SocietyóIn the Country is the Idea of HomeóLincoln always a PupilóA Great LawyeróMany-sidedóWit and HumoróAs an OratoróHis Speech at Gettysburg contrasted with the Oration of Edward EverettóApologetic in his KindnessóNo Official RobesóThe gentlest Memory of our World.

VOLTAIRE.

(1894.) I. Changes wrought by TimeóThrone and Altar Twin VulturesóThe King and the PriestóWhat is Greatness?óEffect of Voltaire's Name on Clergyman and PriestóBorn and BaptizedóState of France in 1694óThe Church at the HeadóEfficacy of Prayers and Dead SaintsóBells and Holy WateróPrevalence of Belief in Witches, Devils, and FiendsóSeeds of the Revolution Scattered by Noble and PriestóCondition in EnglandóThe Inquisition in full Control in SpainóPortugal and Germany burning WomenóItaly Prostrate beneath the Priests, the Puritans in America persecuting Quakers, and stealing ChildrenóII. The Days of YouthóHis EducationóChooses Literature as a Profession and becomes a DiplomatóIn Love and DisinheritedóUnsuccessful Poem CompetitionóJansenists and MolinistsóThe Bull UnigenitusóExiled to TulleóSent to the BastileóExiled to EnglandóAcquaintances made thereóIII. The Morn of ManhoodóHis Attention turned to the History of the ChurchóThe "Triumphant Beast" AttackedóEurope Filled with the Product of his BrainóWhat he MockedóThe Weapon of RidiculeóHis TheologyóHis "Retractions"óWhat Goethe said of VoltaireóIV. The Scheme of NatureóHis belief in the Optimism of Pope Destroyed by the Lisbon EarthquakeóV. His HumanityóCase of Jean CalasóThe Sirven FamilyóThe Espenasse CaseóCase of Chevalier de la Barre and D'EtallondeóVoltaire Abandons FranceóA Friend of EducationóAn AbolitionistóNot a SaintóVI. The ReturnóHis ReceptionóHis DeathóBurial at Romilli-on-the-SeineóVII. The Death-bed ArgumentóSerene Demise of the InfamousóGod has no Time to defend the Good and protect the PureóEloquence of the Clergy on the Death-bed SubjectóThe Second ReturnóThroned upon the BastileóThe Grave Desecrated by PriestsóVoltaire. A Testimonial to Walt WhitmanóLet us put Wreaths on the Brows of the LivingóLiterary Ideals of the American People in 1855ó"Leaves of Grass"óIts reception by the Provincial PrudesóThe Religion of the BodyóAppeal to Manhood and WomanhoodóBooks written for the MarketóThe Index ExpurgatoriusóWhitman a believer in DemocracyóIndividualityóHumanityóAn Old-time Sea-fightóWhat is Poetry?óRhyme a Hindrance to ExpressionóRhythm the Comrade of the PoeticóWhitman's Attitude toward ReligionóPhilosophyóThe Two Poemsó"A Word Out of the Sea"ó"When Lilacs Last in the Door"ó"A Chant for Death"ó The History of Intellectual Progress is written in the Lives of InfidelsóThe King and the PriestóThe Origin of God and Heaven, of the Devil and HellóThe Idea of Hell born of Ignorance, Brutality, Cowardice, and RevengeóThe Limitations of our AncestorsóThe Devil and GodóEgotism of BarbariansóThe Doctrine of Hell not an Exclusive Possession of ChristianityóThe Appeal to the CemeteryóReligion and Wealth, Christ and PovertyóThe "Great" not on the Side of Christ and his DisciplesóEpitaphs as Battle-criesóSome Great Men in favor of almost every SectóMistakes and Superstitions of Eminent MenóSacred BooksóThe Claim that all Moral Laws came from God through the JewsóFearóMartyrdomóGod's Ways toward MenóThe Emperor ConstantineóThe Death TestóTheological Comity between Protestants and CatholicsóJulianóA childish Fable still BelievedóBrunoóHis Crime, his Imprisonment and

LIBERTY IN LITERATURE.

(1890.) "Old Age"ó"Leaves of Grass"

THE GREAT INFIDELS.

(1881.) MartyrdomóThe First to die for Truth without Expectation of RewardóThe Church in the Time of VoltaireóVoltaireóDiderotóDavid HumeóBenedict SpinozaóOur InfidelsóThomas PaineóConclusion.

WHICH WAY?

(1884.) I. The Natural and the SupernaturalóLiving for the Benefit of your Fellow-Man and Living for GhostsóThe Beginning of DoubtóTwo Philosophies of LifeóTwo Theories of GovernmentóII. Is our God superior to the Gods of the Heathen?óWhat our God has doneóIII. Two Theories about the Cause and Cure of DiseaseóThe First PhysicianóThe Bones of St. Anne Exhibited in New YorkóArchbishop Corrigan and Cardinal Gibbons Countenance a Theological FraudóA Japanese StoryóThe Monk and the Miraculous Cures performed by the Bones of a Donkey represented as those of a SaintóIV.óTwo Ways of accounting for Sacred Books and ReligionsóV-Two Theories about MoralsóNothing Miraculous about MoralityóThe Test of all ActionsóVI. Search for the ImpossibleóAlchemyó"Perpetual Motion"óAstrologyóFountain of Perpetual YouthóVII. "Great Men" and the Superstitions in which they have BelievedóVIII. Follies and Imbecilities of Great MenóWe do not know what they Thought, only what they SaidóNames of Great UnbelieversóMost Men Controlled by their SurroundingsóIX. Living for God in Switzerland, Scotland, New EnglandóIn the Dark AgesóLet us Live for ManóX. The Narrow Road of SuperstitionóThe Wide and Ample WayóLet us Squeeze the Orange DryóThis Was, This Is, This Shall Be.

ABOUT THE HOLY BIBLE.

(1894.) The Truth about the Bible Ought to be ToldóI. The Origin of the BibleóEstablishment of the Mosaic CodeóMoses not the Author of the PentateuchóSome Old Testament Books of Unknown OriginóII. Is the Old Testament Inspired?óWhat an Inspired Book Ought to BeóWhat the Bible IsóAdmission of Orthodox Christians that it is not Inspired as to ScienceóThe Enemy of ArtóIII. The Ten CommandmentsóOmissions and RedundanciesóThe Story of AchanóThe Story of ElishaóThe Story of DanielóThe Story of JosephóIV. What is it all Worth?óNot True, and ContradictoryóIts Myths Older than the PentateuchóOther Accounts of the Creation, the Fall, etc.óBooks of the Old Testament Named and CharacterizedóV. Was Jehovah a God of Love?óVI. Jehovah's AdministrationóVII. The New TestamentóMany Other Gospels besides our FouróDisagreementsóBelief in DevilsóRaising of the DeadóOther MiraclesóWould a real Miracle-worker have been Crucified?óVIII. The Philosophy of ChristóLove of EnemiesóImprovidenceóSelf-MutilationóThe Earth as a FootstoolóJusticeóA Bringer of WaróDivision of FamiliesóIX. Is Christ our Example?óX. Why should we place Christ at the Top and Summit of the Human Race?óHow did he surpass Other Teachers?óWhat he left Unsaid, and WhyóInspirationóRejected Books of the New TestamentóThe Bible and the Crimes it has Caused.

VOLUME IV.--LECTURES

DETAILED CONTENTS OF VOLUME IV.

WHY I AM AN AGNOSTIC.

THE TRUTH.

HOW TO REFORM MANKIND.

A THANKSGIVING SERMON.

A LAY SERMON.

THE FOUNDATIONS OF FAITH.

SUPERSTITION.

THE DEVIL.

PROGRESS.

WHAT IS RELIGION?

DETAILED CONTENTS OF VOLUME IV.

WHY I AM AN AGNOSTIC.

(1896.) I. Influence of Birth in determining Religious BeliefóScotch, Irish, English, and Americans Inherit their FaithóReligions of Nations not Suddenly ChangedóPeople who KnewóWhat they were Certain AboutóRevivalsóCharacter of Sermons PreachedóEffect of ConversionóA Vermont Farmer for whom Perdition had no TerrorsóThe Man and his DogóBacksliding and Re-birthóMinisters who were SincereóA Free Will Baptist on the Rich Man and LazarusóII. The Orthodox GodóThe Two DispensationsóThe Infinite HorroróIII. Religious BooksóThe CommentatorsóPaley's Watch ArgumentóMilton, Young, and PollokóIV. Studying AstronomyóGeologyóDenial and Evasion by the ClergyóV. The Poems of Robert BurnsóByron, Shelley, Keats, and ShakespeareóVI. Volney, Gibbon, and Thomas PaineóVoltaire's Services to LibertyóPagans Compared with PatriarchsóVII. Other Gods and Other ReligionsóDogmas, Myths, and Symbols of Christianity Older than our EraóVIII. The Men of Science, Humboldt, Darwin, Spencer, Huxley, HaeckelóIX. Matter and Force Indestructible and UncreatableóThe Theory of DesignóX. God an Impossible BeingóThe Panorama of the PastóXI. Free from Sanctified Mistakes and Holy Lies.

THE TRUTH.

(1897.) I. The Martyrdom of ManóHow is Truth to be FoundóEvery Man should be Mentally HonestóHe should be Intellectually HospitableóGeologists, Chemists, Mechanics, and Professional Men are Seeking for the TruthóII. Those who say that Slavery is Better than LibertyóPromises are not EvidenceóHorace Greeley and the Cold StoveóIII. "The Science of Theology" the only Dishonest ScienceóMoses and Brigham YoungóMinds Poisoned and Paralyzed in YouthóSunday Schools and Theological SeminariesóOrthodox Slanderers of ScientistsóReligion has nothing to do with CharityóHospitals Built in Self-DefenceóWhat Good has the Church Accomplished?óOf what use are the Orthodox Ministers, and What are they doing for the Good of MankindóThe Harm they are DoingóDelusions they TeachóTruths they Should Tell about the BibleóConclusionsóOur Christs and our Miracles.

HOW TO REFORM MANKIND.

(1896.) I. "There is no Darkness but Ignorance"óFalse Notions Concerning All Departments of LifeóChanged Ideas about Science, Government and MoralsóII. How can we Reform the World?óIntellectual Light the First NecessityóAvoid Waste of Wealth in WaróIII. Another WasteóVast Amount of Money Spent on the ChurchóIV. Plow can we Lessen Crime?óFrightful Laws for the Punishment of Minor CrimesóA Penitentiary should be a SchoolóProfessional Criminals should not be Allowed to Populate the EarthóV. Homes for All-Make a Nation of HouseholdersóMarriage and Divorce-VI. The Labor QuestionóEmployers cannot Govern PricesóRailroads should Pay PensionsóWhat has been Accomplished for the Improvement of the Condition of LaboróVII. Educate the ChildrenóUseless KnowledgeóLiberty cannot be Sacrificed for the Sake of AnythingóFalse worship of WealthóVIII. We must Work and Wait.

A THANKSGIVING SERMON.

(1897.) I. Our fathers Ages AgoóFrom Savagery to CivilizationóFor the Blessings we enjoy, Whom should we Thank?óWhat Good has the Church Done?-Did Christ add to the Sum of Useful KnowledgeóThe SaintsóWhat have the Councils and Synods Done?óWhat they Gave us, and What they did NotóShall we Thank them for the Hell Here and for the Hell of the Future?óII. What Does God Do?óThe Infinite Juggler and his PuppetsóWhat the Puppets have DoneóShall we Thank these Gods?óShall we Thank Nature?óIII. Men who deserve our ThanksóThe Infidels, Philanthropists and ScientistsóThe Discoverers and InventorsóMagellanóCopernicusóBrunoóGalileoóKepler, Herschel, Newton, and LaPlaceóLyellóWhat the Worldly have DoneóOrigin and Vicissitudes of the BibleóThe SeptuagintóInvestigating the Phenomena of NatureóIV. We thank the Good Men and Good Women of the PastóThe Poets, Dramatists, and ArtistsóThe StatesmenóPaine, Jefferson, Ericsson, Lincoln. GrantóVoltaire, Humboldt, Darwin.

A LAY SERMON.

(1886.) Prayer of King LearóWhen Honesty wears a Rag and Rascality a Robe-The Nonsense of "Free Moral Agency "óDoing Right is not Self-denial-Wealth often a Gilded HellóThe Log HouseóInsanity of Getting MoreóGreat Wealth the Mother of CrimeóSeparation of Rich and PooróEmulationóInvention of Machines to Save LaboróProduction and DestitutionóThe Remedy a Division of the LandóEvils of Tenement HousesóOwnership and UseóThe Great Weapon is the BallotóSewing WomenóStrikes and Boycotts of No AvailóAnarchy, Communism, and SocialismóThe Children of the Rich a Punishment for WealthóWorkingmen Not a DangeróThe Criminals a Necessary ProductóSociety's Right to PunishóThe Efficacy of KindnessóLabor is HonorableóMental Independence.

THE FOUNDATIONS OF FAITH.

(1895.) I. The Old TestamentóStory of the CreationóAge of the Earth and of ManóAstronomical Calculations of the EgyptiansóThe FloodóThe Firmament a FictionóIsraelites who went into EgyptóBattles of the JewsóArea of PalestineóGold Collected by David for the TempleóII. The New TestamentóDiscrepancies about the Birth of ChristóHerod and the Wise MenóThe Murder of the Babes of BethlehemóWhen was Christ bornóCyrenius and the Census of the WorldóGenealogy of Christ according to Matthew and LukeóThe Slaying of ZachariasóAppearance of the Saints at the CrucifixionóThe Death of Judas IscariotóDid Christ wish to be Convicted?óIII. JehovahóIV. The TrinityóThe IncarnationóWas Christ God?óThe Trinity Expoundedó"Let us pray"óV. The Theological ChristóSayings of a Contradictory CharacteróChrist a Devout JewóAn asceticóHis PhilosophyóThe AscensionóThe Best that Can be Said about ChristóThe Part that is beautiful and GloriousóThe Other SideóVI. The Scheme of RedemptionóVII. BeliefóEternal PainóNo Hope in Hell, Pity in Heaven, or Mercy in the Heart of GodóVIII. Conclusion.

SUPERSTITION.

(1898.) I. What is Superstition?óPopular Beliefs about the Significance of Signs, Lucky and Unlucky Numbers, Days, Accidents, Jewels, etc.óEclipses, Earthquakes, and Cyclones as OmensóSigns and Wonders of the HeavensóEfficacy of Bones and Rags of SaintsóDiseases and DevilsóII. WitchcraftóNecromancersóWhat is a Miracle?óThe Uniformity of NatureóIII. Belief in the Existence of Good Spirits or AngelsóGod and the DevilóWhen Everything was done by the SupernaturalóIV. All these Beliefs now Rejected by Men of IntelligenceóThe Devil's Success Made the Coming of Christ a Necessityó"Thou shalt not Suffer a Witch to Live"óSome Biblical AngelsóVanished VisionsóV. Where are Heaven and Hell?óPrayers Never AnsweredóThe Doctrine of DesignóWhy Worship our Ignorance?óWould God Lead us into Temptation?óPresident McKinley's Thanks giving for the Santiago VictoryóVI. What Harm Does Superstition Do?óThe Heart Hardens and the Brain SoftensóWhat Superstition has Done and TaughtóFate of SpainóOf Portugal, Austria, GermanyóVII. Inspired BooksóMysteries added to by the Explanations of TheologiansóThe Inspired Bible the Greatest Curse of ChristendomóVIII. Modifications of JehovahóChanging the BibleóIX. Centuries of DarknessóThe Church TriumphantóWhen Men began to ThinkóX. Possibly these Superstitions are True, but We have no EvidenceóWe Believe in the NaturalóScience is the Real Redeemer.

THE DEVIL.

(1899.) I. If the Devil should Die, would God Make Another?óHow was the Idea of a Devil ProducedóOther Devils than OursóNatural Origin of these MonstersóII. The Atlas of Christianity is The DevilóThe Devil of the Old TestamentóThe Serpent in Edenó"Personifications" of EvilóSatan and JobóSatan and DavidóIII. Take the Devil from the Drama of Christianity and the Plot is GoneóJesus Tempted by the Evil OneóDemoniac PossessionóMary MagdaleneóSatan and JudasóIncubi and SuccubióThe Apostles believed in Miracles and MagicóThe Pool of BethesdaóIV. The Evidence of the ChurchóThe Devil was forced to Father the Failures of GodóBelief of the Fathers of the Church in DevilsóExorcism at the Baptism of an Infant in the Sixteenth CenturyóBelief in Devils made the Universe a Madhouse presided over by an Insane GodóV. Personifications of the DevilóThe Orthodox Ostrich Thrusts his Head into the SandóIf Devils are Personifications so are all the Other Characters of the BibleóVI. Some Queries about the Devil, his Place of Residence, his Manner of Living, and his Object in LifeóInterrogatories to the ClergyóVII. The Man of Straw the Master of the Orthodox MinistersóHis recent AccomplishmentsóVIII. Keep the Devils out of ChildrenóIX. Conclusion.óDeclaration of the Free.

PROGRESS.

(1860-64.) The Prosperity of the World depends upon its WorkersóVeneration for the AncientóCredulity and Faith of the Middle AgesóPenalty for Reading the Scripture in the Mother TongueóUnjust, Bloody, and Cruel LawsóThe Reformers too were PersecutorsóBigotry of Luther and KnoxóPersecution of CastalioóMontaigne against Torture in Franceó"Witchcraft" (chapter on)óConfessed WizardsóA Case before Sir Matthew HaleóBelief in LycanthropyóAnimals Tried and ExecutedóAnimals received as WitnessesóThe Corsned or Morsel of ExecutionóKepler an AstrologeróLuther's Encounter with the DevilóMathematician Stoefflers, Astronomical Prediction of a FloodóHistories Filled with FalsehoodóLegend about the Daughter of Pharaoh invading Scotland and giving the Country her nameóA Story about MohammedóA History of the Britains written by ArchdeaconsóIngenuous Remark of EusebiusóProgress in the Mechanic ArtsóEngland at the beginning of the Eighteenth CenturyóBarbarous PunishmentsóQueen Elizabeth's Order Concerning Clergymen and Servant GirlsóInventions of Watt, Arkwright, and OthersóSolomon's DeprivationsóLanguage (chapter on)óBelief that the Hebrew was of ParadiseóGeography (chapter on)óThe Works of CosmasóPrinting InventedóChurch's Opposition to BooksóThe InquisitionóThe Reformationó"Slavery" (chapter on)óVoltaire's Remark on Slavery as a ContractóWhite Slaves in Greece, Rome, England, Scotland, and FranceóFree minds make Free BodiesóCauses of the Abolition of White Slavery in EuropeóThe French RevolutionóThe African Slave Trade, its Beginning and EndóLiberty Triumphed (chapter head)óAbolition of Chattel SlaveryóConclusion.

WHAT IS RELIGION?

(1899.) I. Belief in God and SacrificeóDid an Infinite God Create the Children of Men and is he the Governor of the Universe?óII. If this God Exists, how do we Know he is Good?óShould both the Inferior and the Superior thank God for their Condition?óIII. The Power that Works for RighteousnessóWhat is this Power?óThe Accumulated Experience of the World is a Power Working for Good?óLove the Commencement of the Higher VirtuesóIV. What has our Religion Done?óWould Christians have been Worse had they Adopted another Faith?óV. How Can Mankind be Reformed Without Religion?óVI. The Four Corner-stones of my TheoryóVII. Matter and Force EternalóLinks in the Chain of EvolutionóVIII. ReformóThe Gutter as a NurseryóCan we Prevent the Unfit from Filling the World with their Children?óScience must make Woman the Owner and Mistress of HerselfóMorality Born of IntelligenceóIX. Real Religion and Real Worship.

VOLUME V.--DISCUSSIONS

DETAILED CONTENTS OF VOLUME V.

PREFACE.

INGERSOLL'S INTERVIEWS ON TALMAGE.

FIRST INTERVIEW.

SECOND INTERVIEW.

THIRD INTERVIEW.

FOURTH INTERVIEW.

FIFTH INTERVIEW,

SIXTH INTERVIEW.

THE TALMAGIAN CATECHISM.

A VINDICATION OF THOMAS PAINE.

CONCLUSION.

THE OBSERVER'S SECOND ATTACK

INGERSOLL'S SECOND REPLY.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME V.

INGERSOLL'S SIX INTERVIEWS ON TALMAGE.

(1882.) PrefaceóFirst Interview: Great Men as Witnesses to the Truth of the GospelóNo man should quote the Words of Another unless he is willing to Accept all the Opinions of that ManóReasons of more Weight than ReputationsóWould a general Acceptance of Unbelief fill the Penitentiaries?ó My CreedóMost Criminals OrthodoxóRelig-ion and Morality not Necessarily AssociatesóOn the Creation of the Universe out of OmnipotenceóMr. Talmage's Theory about the Pro-duction of Light prior to the Creation of the SunóThe Deluge and the ArkóMr. Talmage's tendency to Belittle the Bible MiraclesóHis Chemical, Geological, and Agricultural ViewsóHis Disregard of Good Manners- -Second Interview: An Insulting TextóGod's Design in Creating Guiteau to be the Assassin of GarfieldóMr. Talmage brings the Charge of BlasphemyóSome Real BlasphemersóThe Tabernacle Pastor tells the exact Opposite of the Truth about Col. Ingersoll's Attitude toward the Circulation of Immoral Booksó"Assassinating" GodóMr. Talmage finds Nearly All the Invention of Modern Times Mentioned in the BibleóThe Reverend Gentleman corrects the Translators of the Bible in the Matter of the Rib StoryóDenies that Polygamy is permitted by the Old TestamentóHis De-fence of Queen Victoria and Violation of the Grave of George EliotóExhibits a Christian SpiritóThird Interview: Mr. Talmage's Partiality in the Bestowal of his LoveóDenies the Right of Laymen to Examine the ScripturesóThinks the Infidels Victims of Bibliophobia óHe explains the Stopping of the Sun and Moon at the Command of Joshuaó Instances a Dark Day in the Early Part of the CenturyóCharges that Holy Things are Made Light ofóReaffirms his Confidence in the Whale and Jonah StoryóThe Commandment which Forbids the making of Graven ImagesóAffirmation that the Bible is the Friend of WomanóThe Present Condition of WomanóFourth Interview: Colonel Ingersoll Compared by Mr. Talmage tojehoiakim, who Consigned Writings of Jeremiah to the FlamesóAn Intimation that Infidels wish to have all copies of the Bible Destroyed by FireóLaughter DeprecatedóCol. Ingersoll Accused of Denouncing his FatheróMr. Talmage holds that a Man may be Perfectly Happy in Heaven with His Mother in Hell- -Challenges the Infidel to Read a Chapter from St. JohnóOn the "Chief Solace of the World"óDis- covers an Attempt is being made to Put Out the Light-houses of the Farther ShoreóAffirms our Debt to Christianity for Schools, Hospitals, etc.óDenies that Infidels have ever Done any Goodó Fifth Interview: Inquiries if Men gather Grapes of Thorns, or Figs of Thistles, and is Answered in the NegativeóResents the Charge that the Bible is a Cruel BookóDemands to Know where the Cruelty of the Bible Crops out in the Lives of Christiansó Col. Ingersoll Accused of saying that the Bible is a Collection of Polluted WritingsóMr. Talmage Asserts the Orchestral Harmony of the Scriptures from Genesis to Revelation, and Repudiates the Theory of ContradictionsóHis View of Mankind Indicated in Quotations from his Confession of FaithóHe Insists that the Bible is Scientificó Traces the New Testament to its Source with St. JohnóPledges his Word that no Man ever Died for a Lie Cheerfully and TriumphantlyóAs to Prophecies and PredictionsóAlleged "Prophetic" Fate of the Jewish PeopleóSixth Interview: Dr. Talmage takes the Ground that the Unrivalled Circulation of the Bible Proves that it is InspiredóForgets' that a Scientific Fact does not depend on the Vote of NumbersóNames some Christian MillionsóHis Arguments Characterized as the Poor-est, Weakest, and Best Possible in Support of the Doctrine of Inspira-tionóWill God, in Judging a Man, take into Consideration the Cir-cumstances of that Man's Life?óSatisfactory Reasons for Not Believ- ing that the Bible is inspired.

THE TALMAGIAN CATECHISM.

The Pith and Marrow of what Mr. Talmage has been Pleased to Say, set forth in the form of a Shorter Catechism.

A VINDICATION OF THOMAS PAINE.

(1877.) Letter to the New York ObserveróAn Offer to Pay One Thousand Dollars in Gold for Proof that Thomas Paine or Voltaire Died in Terror because of any Religious Opinions Either had Expressedó Proposition to Create a Tribunal to Hear the EvidenceóThe Ob-server, after having Called upon Col. Ingersoll to Deposit the Money, and Characterized his Talk as "Infidel 'Buncombe,'" Denies its Own Words, but attempts to Prove themó Its Memory Refreshed by Col. Ingersoll and the Slander RefutedóProof that Paine did Not Recant - -Testimony of Thomas Nixon, Daniel Pelton, Mr. Jarvis, B. F. Has-kin, Dr. Manley, Amasa Woodsworth, Gilbert Vale, Philip Graves, M. D., Willet Hicks, A. C. Hankinson, John Hogeboom, W. J. Hilton, Tames Cheetham, Revs. Milledollar and Cunningham, Mrs. Hedden, Andrew A. Dean, William Carver,óThe Statements of Mary Roscoe and Mary Hindsdale ExaminedóWilliam Cobbett's Account of a Call upon Mary HinsdaleóDid Thomas Paine live the Life of a Drunken Beast, and did he Die a Drunken, Cowardly, and Beastly Death?óGrant Thorbum's Charges ExaminedóStatement of the Rev. J. D. Wickham, D.D., shown to be Utterly FalseóFalse Witness of the Rev. Charles Hawley, D.D.óW. H. Ladd, James Cheetham, and Mary HinsdaleóPaine's Note to CheethamóMr-Staple, Mr. Purdy, Col. John Fellows, James Wilburn, Walter Morton, Clio Rickman, Judge Herttell, H. Margary, Elihu Palmer, Mr. XV Lovett, all these Testified that Paine was a Temperate ManóWashington's Letter to Paineó Thomas Jefferson'sóAdams and Washing-ton on "Common Sense"ó-James Monroe's Tributeó Quotations from PaineóPaine's Estate and His WillóThe Observer's Second Attack (p. 492): Statements of Elkana Watson, William Carver, Rev. E. F. Hatfield, D.D., James Cheetham, Dr. J. W. Francis, Dr. Manley, Bishop FenwickóIngersoll's Second Reply (p. 516): Testimony Garbled by the Editor of the ObserveróMary Roscoeand Mary Hins- dale the Same PersonóHer Reputation for Veracity- -Letter from Rev. A. W. CornellóGrant Thorburn Exposed by James PartonóThe Observer's Admission that Paine did not RecantóAffidavit of William B. Barnes.

VOLUME VI.--DISCUSSIONS

DETAILED CONTENTS OF VOLUME VI.

THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION; INGERSOLL'S OPENING PAPER

THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION, BY JEREMIAH S. BLACK.

THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION, BY ROBERT G. INGERSOLL.

FAITH OR AGNOSTICISM.

THE FIELD-INGERSOLL DISCUSSION.

A REPLY TO THE REV. HENRY M. FIELD, D.D.

A LAST WORD TO ROBERT G. INGERSOLL

LETTER TO DR. FIELD.

CONTROVERSY ON CHRISTIANTY

COL. INGERSOLL TO MR. GLADSTONE.

ROME OR REASON.

THE CHURCH ITS OWN WITNESS, By Cardinal Manning.

ROME OR REASON: A REPLY TO CARDINAL MANNING.

IS DIVORCE WRONG?

DIVORCE.

IS CORPORAL PUNISHMENT DEGRADING?

DETAILED CONTENTS OF VOLUME VI.

THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION; INGERSOLL'S OPENING PAPER

(1881.) I. Col. Ingersoll's Opening PaperóStatement of the Fundamental Truths of ChristianityóReasons for Thinking that Portions of the Old Testament are the Product of a Barbarous PeopleóPassages upholding Slavery, Polygamy, War, and Religious Persecution not Evidences of InspirationóIf the Words are not Inspired, What Is?óCommands of Jehovah compared with the Precepts of Pagans and StoicsóEpictetus, Cicero, Zeno, Seneca, BrahmaóII. The New TestamentóWhy were Four Gospels Necessary?óSalvation by BeliefóThe Doctrine of the AtonementóThe Jewish System Culminating in the Sacrifice of ChristóExcept for the Crucifixion of her Son, the Virgin Mary would be among the LostóWhat Christ must have Known would Follow the Acceptance of His TeachingsóThe Wars of Sects, the Inquisition, the Fields of DeathóWhy did he not Forbid it All?óThe Little that he RevealedóThe Dogma of Eternal PunishmentóUpon Love's Breast the Church has Placed the Eternal AspóIII. The "Inspired" WritersóWhy did not God furnish Every Nation with a Bible? II. Judge Black's ReplyóHis Duty that of a PolicemanóThe Church not in DangeróClasses who Break out into Articulate BlasphemyóThe SciolistóPersonal Remarks about Col. IngersollóChief-Justice Gibson of Pennsylvania QuotedóWe have no Jurisdiction or Capacity to Rejudge the Justice of GodóThe Moral Code of the BibleóCivil Government of the JewsóNo Standard of Justice without Belief in a GodóPunishments for Blasphemy and Idolatry DefendedóWars of ConquestóAllusion to Col. Ingersoll's War RecordóSlavery among the JewsóPolygamy Discouraged by the Mosaic ConstitutionóJesus of Nazareth and the Establishment of his ReligionóAcceptance of Christianity and Adjudication upon its DivinityóThe Evangelists and their DepositionsóThe Fundamental Truths of ChristianityóPersecution and Triumph of the ChurchóIngersoll's Propositions Compressed and the Compressions AnsweredóSalvation as a Reward of BeliefóPunishment of UnbeliefóThe Second Birth, Atonement, Redemption, Non-resistance, Excessive Punishment of Sinners, Christ and Persecution, Christianity and Freedom of Thought, Sufficiency of the Gospel, Miracles, Moral Effect of Christianity. III. Col. Ingersoll's RejoinderóHow this Discussion Came AboutóNatural LawóThe Design ArgumentóThe Right to Rejudge the Justice even of a GodóViolation of the Commandments by JehovahóReligious Intolerance of the Old TestamentóJudge Black's Justification of Wars of ExterminationóHis Defence of SlaveryóPolygamy not "Discouraged" by the Old TestamentóPosition of Woman under the Jewish System and under that of the Ancientsóa "Policeman's" View of GodóSlavery under Jehovah and in EgyptóThe Admission that Jehovah gave no Commandment against PolygamyóThe Learned and Wise Crawl back in CribsóAlleged Harmony of Old and New TestamentsóOn the Assertion that the Spread of Christianity Proves the Supernatural Origin of the GospelóThe Argument applicable to All ReligionsóCommunications from Angels ana GodsóAuthenticity of the Statements of the EvangelistsóThree Important ManuscriptsóRise of MormonismóAscension of ChristóThe Great Public Events alleged as Fundamental Truths of ChristianityóJudge Black's System of "Compression"ó"A Metaphysical Question"óRight and WrongóJusticeóChristianity and Freedom of ThoughtóHeaven and HellóProduction of God and the DevilóInspiration of the Bible dependent on the Credulity of the ReaderóDoubt of MiraclesóThe World before Christ's AdventóRespect for the Man ChristóThe Dark AgesóInstitutions of MercyóCivil Law.

THE FIELD-INGERSOLL DISCUSSION.

(1887.) An Open Letter to Robert G. IngersollóSuperstitionsóBasis of ReligionóNapoleon's Question about the StarsóThe Idea of GodóCrushing out HopeóAtonement, Regeneration, and Future RetributionóSocrates and JesusóThe Language of Col. Ingersoll characterized as too SweepingóThe SabbathóBut a Step from Sneering at Religion to Sneering at Morality. A Reply to the Rev. Henry M. Field, D. D.óHonest Differences of OpinionóCharles DarwinóDr. Field's Distinction between Superstition and ReligionóThe Presbyterian God an Infinite TorquemadaóNapoleon's Sensitiveness to the Divine InfluenceóThe Preference of AgassizóThe Mysterious as an ExplanationóThe Certainty that God is not what he is Thought to BeóSelf-preservation the Fibre of SocietyóDid the Assassination of Lincoln Illustrate the Justice of God's Judgments?óImmortalityóHope and the Presbyterian CreedóTo a Mother at the Grave of Her SonóTheological Teaching of ForgivenessóOn Eternal RetributionóJesus and MohammedóAttacking the Religion of OthersóAnanias and SapphiraóThe Pilgrims and Freedom to WorshipóThe Orthodox SabbathóNatural Restraints on ConductóReligion and MoralityóThe Efficacy of PrayeróRespect for Belief of Father and MotheróThe "Power behind Nature"óSurvival of the FittestóThe Saddest Factó"Sober Second Thought." A Last Word to Robert G. Ingersoll, by Dr. FieldóGod not a PresbyterianóWhy Col. Ingersoll's Attacks on Religion are ResentedóGod is more Merciful than ManóTheories about the Future LifeóRetribution a Necessary Part of the Divine LawóThe Case of Robinson CrusoeóIrresistible Proof of DesignóCol. Ingersoll's View of ImmortalityóAn Almighty Friend. Letter to Dr. FieldóThe Presbyterian GodóWhat the Presbyterians ClaimóThe "Incurably Bad"óResponsibility for not seeing Things ClearlyóGood Deeds should Follow even AtheistsóNo Credit in BeliefóDesign Argument that Devours ItselfóBelief as a Foundation of Social OrderóNo Consolation in Orthodox ReligionóThe "Almighty Friend" and the Slave Motheróa Hindu PrayeróCalvinismóChrist not the Supreme Benefactor of the Race.

COLONEL INGERSOLL ON CHRISTIANITY.

(1888.) Some Remarks on his Reply to Dr. Field by the Hon. Wm. E. GladstoneóExternal Triumph and Prosperity of the ChurchóA Truth Half StatedóCol. Ingersoll's Tumultuous Method and lack of Reverential CalmóJephthah's SacrificeóHebrews xii ExpoundedóThe Case of AbrahamóDarwinism and the ScripturesóWhy God demands Sacrifices of ManóProblems admitted to be InsolubleóRelation of human Genius to Human GreatnessóShakespeare and OthersóChrist and the Family RelationóInaccuracy of Reference in the ReplyóAnanias and SapphiraóThe Idea of ImmortalityóImmunity of Error in Belief from Moral ResponsibilityóOn Dishonesty in the Formation of OpinionóA Plausibility of the Shallowest kindóThe System of ThuggismóPersecution for Opinion's SakeóRiding an Unbroken Horse. Col. Ingersoll to Mr. GladstoneóOn the "Impaired" State of the human ConstitutionóUnbelief not Due to DegeneracyóObjections to the Scheme of RedemptionóDoes Man Deserve only Punishment?ó"Reverential Calm"óThe Deity of the Ancient JewsóJephthah and AbrahamóRelation between Darwinism and the Inspiration of the ScripturesóSacrifices to the InfiniteóWhat is Common Sense?óAn Argument that will Defend every SuperstitionóThe Greatness of ShakespeareóThe Absolute Indissolubility of MarriageóIs the Religion of Christ for this Age?óAs to Ananias and SapphiraóImmortality and People of Low Intellectual DevelopmentóCan we Control our Thought?óDishonest Opinions Cannot be FormedóSome Compensations for Riding an "Unbroken Horse."

ROME OR REASON.

(1888.) "The Church Its Own Witness," by Cardinal ManningóEvidence that Christianity is of Divine OriginóThe Universality of the ChurchóNatural Causes not Sufficient to Account for the Catholic Churchó-The World in which Christianity AroseóBirth of ChristóFrom St Peter to Leo XIII.óThe First Effect of ChristianityóDomestic Life's Second Visible EffectóRedemption of Woman from traditional DegradationóChange Wrought by Christianity upon the Social, Political and International Relations of the WorldóProof that Christianity is of Divine Origin and PresenceóSt. John and the Christian FathersóSanctity of the Church not Affected by Human Sins. A Reply to Cardinal ManningóI. Success not a Demonstration of either Divine Origin or Supernatural AidóCardinal Manning's Argument More Forcible in the Mouth of a MohammedanóWhy Churches Rise and FlourishóMormonismóAlleged Universality of the Catholic ChurchóIts "inexhaustible Fruitfulness" in Good ThingsóThe Inquisition and PersecutionóNot InvincibleóIts Sword used by SpainóIts Unity not UnbrokenóThe State of the World when Christianity was EstablishedóThe Vicar of ChristóA Selection from Draper's "History of the Intellectual Development of Europe"óSome infamous PopesóPart II. How the Pope SpeaksóReligions Older than Catholicism and having the Same Rites and SacramentsóIs Intellectual Stagnation a Demonstration of Divine Origin?óIntegration and DisintegrationóThe Condition of the World 300 Years AgoóThe Creed of CatholicismóThe "One true God" with a Knowledge of whom Catholicism has "filled the World"óDid the Catholic Church overthrow Idolatry?óMarriageóCelibacyóHuman PassionsóThe Cardinal's Explanation of Jehovah's abandonment of the Children of Men for four thousand YearsóCatholicism tested by PaganismóCanon Law and Convictions had Under ItóRival PopesóImportance of a Greek "Inflection"óThe Cardinal Witnesses.

IS DIVORCE WRONG?

(1889.) Preface by the Editor of the North American ReviewóIntroduction, by the Rev. S. W. Dike, LL. D.óA Catholic View by Cardinal GibbonsóDivorce as Regarded by the Episcopal Church, by Bishop, Henry C. PotteróFour Questions Answered, by Robert G. Ingersoll.

DIVORCE.

Reply to Cardinal GibbonsóIndissolubility of Marriage a Reaction from PolygamyóBiblical MarriageóPolygamy Simultaneous and SuccessiveóMarriage and Divorce in the Light of ExperienceóReply to Bishop PotteróReply to Mr. GladstoneóJustice BradleyóSenator DolphóThe argument Continued in Colloquial FormóDialogue between Cardinal Gibbons and a Maltreated WifeóShe Asks the Advice of Mr. GladstoneóThe Priest who Violated his VowóAbsurdity of the Divorce laws of Some States.

REPLY TO DR. LYMAN ABBOTT.

(1890) Dr. Abbott's EquivocationsóCrimes Punishable by Death under Mosaic and English LawóSeverity of Moses Accounted for by Dr. AbbottóThe Necessity for the Acceptance of ChristianityóChristians should be Glad to Know that the Bible is only the Work of Man and that the New Testament Life of Christ is UntrueóAll the Good Commandments, Known to the World thousands of Years before MosesóHuman Happiness of More Consequence than the Truth about GodóThe Appeal to Great NamesóGladstone not the Greatest StatesmanóWhat the Agnostic SaysóThe Magnificent Mistakes of GenesisóThe Story of JosephóAbraham as a "self-Exile for Conscience's Sake."

REPLY TO ARCHDEACON FARRAR.

(1890.) Revelation as an Appeal to Man's "Spirit"óWhat is Spirit and what is "Spiritual Intuition"?óThe Archdeacon in Conflict with St. PaulóII. The Obligation to Believe without EvidenceóIII. Ignorant CredulityóIV. A Definition of OrthodoxyóV. Fear not necessarily CowardiceóPrejudice is HonestóThe Ola has the Advantage in an ArgumentóSt. AugustineóJeromeóthe Appeal to CharlemagneóRoger BaconóLord Bacon a Defender of the Copernican SystemóThe Difficulty of finding out what Great Men BelievedóNames Irrelevantly CitedóBancroft on the HessiansóOriginal Manuscripts of the BibleóVI. An Infinite Personality a Contradiction in TermsóVII. A Beginningless BeingóVIII. The Cruelties of Nature not to be Harmonized with the Goodness of a DeityóSayings from the IndianóOrigen, St. Augustine, Dante, Aquinas.

IS CORPORAL PUNISHMENT DEGRADING?

(1890.) A Reply to the Dean of St. PaulóGrowing Confidence in the Power of KindnessóCrimes against Soldiers and SailorsóMisfortunes Punished as CrimesóThe Dean's Voice Raised in Favor of the Brutalities of the PastóBeating of ChildrenóOf WivesóDictum of Solomon.

VOLUME VII.--DISCUSSIONS

DETAILED CONTENTS OF VOLUME VII.

MY REVIEWERS REVIEWED.

MY CHICAGO BIBLE CLASS.

TO THE INDIANAPOLIS CLERGY.

THE BROOKLYN DIVINES.

THE LIMITATIONS OF TOLERATION.

A CHRISTMAS SERMON.

SUICIDE OF JUDGE NORMILE.

IS SUICIDE A SIN?

IS AVARICE TRIUMPHANT?

A REPLY TO THE CINCINNATI GAZETTE AND CATHOLIC TELEGRAPH.

AN INTERVIEW ON CHIEF JUSTICE COMEGYS.

A REPLY TO REV. DRS. THOMAS AND LORIMER.

A REPLY TO REV. JOHN HALL AND WARNER VAN NORDEN.

A REPLY TO THE REV. DR. PLUMB.

A REPLY TO THE NEW YORK CLERGY ON SUPERSTITION.

DETAILED CONTENTS OF VOLUME VII.

MY REVIEWERS REVIEWED.

(1877.) Answer to San Francisco ClergymenóDefinition of Liberty, Physical and MentalóThe Right to Compel BeliefóWoman the Equal of ManóThe GhostsóImmortalityóSlaveryóWitchcraftóAristocracy of the AiróUnfairness of Clerical CriticsóForce and MatteróDoctrine of NegationóConfident Deaths of MurderersóChildhood Scenes returned to by the DyingóDeath-bed of VoltaireóThomas PaineóThe First Sectarians Were HereticsóReply to Rev. Mr. GuardóSlaughter of the CanaanitesóReply to Rev. Samuel RobinsonóProtestant PersecutionsóTolerationóInfidelity and ProgressóThe OccidentóCalvinismóReligious EditorsóReply to the Rev. Mr. IjamsóDoes the Bible teach Man to Enslave his Brothers?óReply to California Christian AdvocateóSelf-Government of French People at and Since the RevolutionóOn the Site of the BastileóFrench Peasant's Cheers for Jesus ChristóWas the World created in Six DaysóGeologyóWhat is the Astronomy of the Bible?óThe Earth the Centre of the UniverseóJoshua's MiracleóChange of Motion into HeatóGeography and Astronomy of CosmasóDoes the Bible teach the Existence of that Impossible Crime called Witchcraft?óSaul and the Woman of EndoróFamiliar SpiritsóDemonology of the New TestamentóTemptation of JesusóPossession by DevilsóGadarene Swine StoryóTest of BeliefóBible Idea of the Rights of ChildrenóPunishment of the Rebellious SonóJephthah's Vow and SacrificeóPersecution of JobóThe Gallantry of GodóBible Idea of the Rights of WomenóPaul's Instructions to WivesóPermission given to Steal WivesóDoes the Bible Sanction Polygamy and Concubinage?óDoes the Bible Uphold and Justify Political Tyranny?óPowers that be Ordained of GodóReligious Liberty of GodóSun-Worship punishable with DeathóUnbelievers to be damnedóDoes the Bible describe a God of Mercy?óMassacre CommandedóEternal Punishment Taught in the New TestamentóThe Plan of SalvationóFall and Atonement Moral BankruptcyóOther ReligionsóParsee SectóBrahminsóConfuciansóHeretics and Orthodox.

MY CHICAGO BIBLE CLASS.

(1879.) Rev. Robert CollyeróInspiration of the ScripturesóRev. Dr. ThomasóFormation of the Old TestamentóRev. Dr. KohleróRev. Mr. HerfordóProf. SwingóRev. Dr. Ryder.

TO THE INDIANAPOLIS CLERGY.

(1882.) Rev. David WalkóCharacter of JesusóTwo or Three Christs Described in the GospelsóChrist's Change of OpinionsóGospels Later than the EpistlesóDivine Parentage of Christ a Late BeliefóThe Man Christ probably a Historical CharacteróJesus Belittled by his WorshipersóHe never Claimed to be DivineóChrist's OmissionsóDifference between Christian and other Modern CivilizationsóCivilization not Promoted by ReligionóInventorsóFrench and American Civilization: How ProducedóIntemperance and Slavery in Christian NationsóAdvance due to Inventions and DiscoveriesóMissionariesóChristian Nations Preserved by Bayonet and BallóDr. T. B. TayloróOrigin of Life on this PlanetóSir William ThomsonóOrigin of Things UndiscoverableóExistence after DeathóSpiritualistsóIf the Dead ReturnóOur CalendaróChrist and Christmas-The Existence of PainóPlato's Theory of EvilóWill God do Better in Another World than he does in this?óConsolationóLife Not a Probationary StageóRev. D.O'DonaghueóThe Case of Archibald Armstrong and Jonathan NewgateóInequalities of LifeóCan Criminals live a Contented Life?óJustice of the Orthodox God Illustrated.

THE BROOKLYN DIVINES.