Chapter XXII: Act V: SCENE I. The plains of Philippi.3521

_Enter_ OCTAVIUS, ANTONY, _and their army_.

_Oct._ Now, Antony, our hopes are answered:
You said the enemy would not come down,
But keep the hills and upper regions;
It proves not so: their battles are at hand;
They mean to warn us at Philippi here,[3522] 5
Answering before we do demand of them.

_Ant._ Tut, I am in their bosoms, and I know
Wherefore they do it: they could be content
To visit other places; and come down[3523]
With fearful bravery, thinking by this face[3523] 10
To fasten in our thoughts that they have courage;
But 'tis not so.

_Enter a_ Messenger.

_Mess._ Prepare you, generals:
The enemy comes on in gallant show;
Their bloody sign of battle is hung out,
And something to be done immediately.[3524] 15

_Ant._ Octavius, lead your battle softly on,
Upon the left hand of the even field.[3525]

_Oct._ Upon the right hand I; keep thou the left.[3526]

_Ant._ Why do you cross me in this exigent?[3527]

_Oct._ I do not cross you; but I will do so. [_March._ 20

_Drum. Enter_ BRUTUS, CASSIUS, _and their_ Army; LUCILIUS,
TITINIUS, MESSALA, _and others_.[3528]

_Bru._ They stand, and would have parley.

_Cas._ Stand fast, Titinius: we must out and talk.

_Oct._ Mark Antony, shall we give sign of battle?

_Ant._ No, Cæsar, we will answer on their charge.
Make forth; the generals would have some words. 25

_Oct._ Stir not until the signal.[3529]

_Bru._ Words before blows: is it so, countrymen?

_Oct._ Not that we love words better, as you do.

_Bru._ Good words are better than bad strokes, Octavius.

_Ant._ In your bad strokes, Brutus, you give good words: 30
Witness the hole you made in Cæsar's heart,
Crying 'Long live! hail, Cæsar!'

_Cas._ Antony,
The posture of your blows are yet unknown;[3530]
But for your words, they rob the Hybla bees,[3531]
And leave them honeyless.

_Ant._ Not stingless too.[3532] 35

_Bru._ O, yes, and soundless too;[3533]
For you have stol'n their buzzing, Antony,[3533]
And very wisely threat before you sting.[3533]

_Ant._ Villains, you did not so, when your vile daggers
Hack'd one another in the sides of Cæsar:[3534] 40
You show'd your teeth like apes, and fawn'd like hounds,[3535]
And bow'd like bondmen, kissing Cæsar's feet;
Whilst damned Casca, like a cur, behind[3536]
Struck Cæsar on the neck. O you flatterers![3537][3538]

_Cas._ Flatterers! Now, Brutus, thank yourself:[3538][3539] 45
This tongue had not offended so to-day,
If Cassius might have ruled.

_Oct._ Come, come, the cause: if arguing make us sweat,[3540]
The proof of it will turn to redder drops.
Look;[3541][3542] 50
I draw a sword against conspirators;[3542][3543]
When think you that the sword goes up again?
Never, till Cæsar's three and thirty wounds[3544]
Be well avenged, or till another Cæsar
Have added slaughter to the sword of traitors.[3545] 55

_Bru._ Cæsar, thou canst not die by traitors' hands,[3546]
Unless thou bring'st them with thee.

_Oct._ So I hope;
I was not born to die on Brutus' sword.

_Bru._ O, if thou wert the noblest of thy strain,
Young man, thou couldst not die more honourable.[3547] 60

_Cas._ A peevish schoolboy, worthless of such honour,[3548]
Join'd with a masker and a reveller!

_Ant._ Old Cassius still!

_Oct._ Come, Antony; away!
Defiance, traitors, hurl we in your teeth;
If you dare fight to-day, come to the field: 65
If not, when you have stomachs.

[_Exeunt Octavius, Antony, and their army._[3549]

_Cas._ Why, now, blow wind, swell billow and swim bark![3550]
The storm is up, and all is on the hazard.[3551]

_Bru._ Ho, Lucilius! hark, a word with you.

_Lucil._ [_Standing forth_] My lord?

[_Brutus and Lucilius converse apart._

_Cas._ Messala!

_Mes._ [_Standing forth_] What says my general?[3552][3553]

_Cas._ Messala,[3553][3554][3555] 70
This is my birth-day; as this very day[3555][3556]
Was Cassius born. Give me thy hand, Messala:
Be thou my witness that, against my will,
As Pompey was, am I compell'd to set[3557]
Upon one battle all our liberties. 75
You know that I held Epicurus strong,
And his opinion: now I change my mind,
And partly credit things that do presage.
Coming from Sardis, on our former ensign[3558]
Two mighty eagles fell, and there they perch'd, 80
Gorging and feeding from our soldiers' hands;
Who to Philippi here consorted us:
This morning are they fled away and gone;
And in their steads do ravens, crows and kites[3559]
Fly o'er our heads and downward look on us, 85
As we were sickly prey: their shadows seem
A canopy most fatal, under which
Our army lies, ready to give up the ghost.[3560]

_Mes._ Believe not so.

_Cas._ I but believe it partly,
For I am fresh of spirit and resolved 90
To meet all perils very constantly.[3561]

_Bru._ Even so, Lucilius.[3562]

_Cas._ Now, most noble Brutus,
The gods to-day stand friendly, that we may,
Lovers in peace, lead on our days to age!
But, since the affairs of men rest still incertain,[3563] 95
Let's reason with the worst that may befall.
If we do lose this battle, then is this
The very last time we shall speak together:
What are you then determined to do?

_Bru._ Even by the rule of that philosophy 100
By which I did blame Cato for the death[3564]
Which he did give himself: I know not how,[3565][3566]
But I do find it cowardly and vile,[3566]
For fear of what might fall, so to prevent[3566]
The time of life: arming myself with patience[3566][3567] 105
To stay the providence of some high powers[3568]
That govern us below.

_Cas._ Then, if we lose this battle,[3569]
You are contented to be led in triumph
Thorough the streets of Rome?[3570]

_Bru._ No, Cassius, no: think not, thou noble Roman,[3571] 110
That ever Brutus will go bound to Rome;
He bears too great a mind. But this same day
Must end that work the ides of March begun;[3572]
And whether we shall meet again I know not.
Therefore our everlasting farewell take. 115
For ever, and for ever, farewell, Cassius!
If we do meet again, why, we shall smile;
If not, why then this parting was well made.

_Cas._ For ever and for ever farewell, Brutus!
If we do meet again, we'll smile indeed; 120
If not, 'tis true this parting was well made.

_Bru._ Why then, lead on. O, that a man might know
The end of this day's business ere it come!
But it sufficeth that the day will end,
And then the end is known. Come, ho! away! [_Exeunt._ 125

SCENE II. _The field of battle._[3573]

_Alarum. Enter_ BRUTUS _and_ MESSALA.[3574]

_Bru._ Ride, ride, Messala, ride, and give these bills
Unto the legions on the other side: [_Loud alarum._[3575]
Let them set on at once; for I perceive
But cold demeanour in Octavius' wing,[3576]
And sudden push gives them the overthrow.[3577] 5
Ride, ride, Messala: let them all come down. [_Exeunt._

SCENE III. _Another part of the field._[3578]

_Alarums. Enter_ CASSIUS _and_ TITINIUS.[3579]

_Cas._ O, look, Titinius, look, the villains fly!
Myself have to mine own turn'd enemy:
This ensign here of mine was turning back;
I slew the coward, and did take it from him.

_Tit._ O Cassius, Brutus gave the word too early; 5
Who, having some advantage on Octavius,
Took it too eagerly: his soldiers fell to spoil,
Whilst we by Antony are all enclosed.[3580]

_Enter_ PINDARUS.

_Pin._ Fly further off, my lord, fly further off;[3581]
Mark Antony is in your tents, my lord: 10
Fly, therefore, noble Cassius, fly far off.[3582]

_Cas._ This hill is far enough. Look, look, Titinius;
Are those my tents where I perceive the fire?

_Tit._ They are, my lord.

_Cas._ Titinius, if thou lovest me,
Mount thou my horse and hide thy spurs in him, 15
Till he have brought thee up to yonder troops
And here again; that I may rest assured
Whether yond troops are friend or enemy.[3583]

_Tit._ I will be here again, even with a thought. [_Exit._

_Cas._ Go, Pindarus, get higher on that hill;[3584] 20
My sight was ever thick; regard Titinius,
And tell me what thou notest about the field.

[_Pindarus ascends the hill._[3585]

This day I breathed first: time is come round,[3586]
And where I did begin, there shall I end;
My life is run his compass. Sirrah, what news?[3587] 25

_Pin._ [_Above_] O my lord![3588]

_Cas._ What news?

_Pin._ [_Above_] Titinius is enclosed round about[3589][3590]
With horsemen, that make to him on the spur;[3590]
Yet he spurs on. Now they are almost on him.[3590] 30
Now, Titinius! Now some light. O, he lights too.[3590][3591]
He's ta'en. [_Shout._] And, hark! they shout for joy.[3590]

_Cas._ Come down; behold no more.[3592]
O, coward that I am, to live so long,
To see my best friend ta'en before my face![3593] 35

_PINDARUS descends._

Come hither, sirrah:[3594]
In Parthia did I take thee prisoner;[3594]
And then I swore thee, saving of thy life,
That whatsoever I did bid thee do,
Thou shouldst attempt it. Come now, keep thine oath; 40
Now be a freeman; and with this good sword,[3595]
That ran through Cæsar's bowels, search this bosom.
Stand not to answer: here, take thou the hilts;[3596]
And when my face is cover'd, as 'tis now,
Guide thou the sword. [_Pindarus stabs him._] Cæsar, thou art
revenged,[3597] 45
Even with the sword that kill'd thee. [_Dies._[3598]

_Pin._ So, I am free; yet would not so have been,[3599]
Durst I have done my will. O Cassius!
Far from this country Pindarus shall run,
Where never Roman shall take note of him. [_Exit._ [3600] 50

_Re-enter_ TITINIUS _with_ MESSALA.[3601]

_Mes._ It is but change, Titinius; for Octavius[3602]
Is overthrown by noble Brutus' power,
As Cassius' legions are by Antony.

_Tit._ These tidings will well comfort Cassius.

_Mes._ Where did you leave him?

_Tit._ All disconsolate, 55
With Pindarus his bondman, on this hill.

_Mes._ Is not that he that lies upon the ground?

_Tit._ He lies not like the living. O my heart!

_Mes._ Is not that he?

_Tit._ No, this was he, Messala,
But Cassius is no more. O setting sun, 60
As in thy red rays thou dost sink to night,[3603]
So in his red blood Cassius' day is set,[3604]
The sun of Rome is set! Our day is gone;[3605]
Clouds, dews and dangers come; our deeds are done!
Mistrust of my success hath done this deed. 65

_Mes._ Mistrust of good success hath done this deed.
O hateful error, melancholy's child,
Why dost thou show to the apt thoughts of men
The things that are not? O error, soon conceived,[3606]
Thou never comest unto a happy birth, 70
But kill'st the mother that engender'd thee!

_Tit._ What, Pindarus! where art thou, Pindarus?[3607]

_Mes._ Seek him, Titinius, whilst I go to meet
The noble Brutus, thrusting this report
Into his ears: I may say 'thrusting' it, 75
For piercing steel and darts envenomed
Shall be as welcome to the ears of Brutus
As tidings of this sight.

_Tit._ Hie you, Messala,
And I will seek for Pindarus the while. [_Exit Messala._[3608]
Why didst thou send me forth, brave Cassius? 80
Did I not meet thy friends? and did not they[3609]
Put on my brows this wreath of victory,
And bid me give it thee? Didst thou not hear their shouts?
Alas, thou hast misconstrued every thing!
But, hold thee, take this garland on thy brow; 85
Thy Brutus bid me give it thee, and I
Will do his bidding. Brutus, come apace,
And see how I regarded Caius Cassius.
By your leave, gods: this is a Roman's part:
Come, Cassius' sword, and find Titinius' heart. 90

[_Kills himself._

_Alarum. Re-enter_ MESSALA, _with_ BRUTUS, _young_ CATO,
_and others_.[3610]

_Bru._ Where, where, Messala, doth his body lie?[3611]

_Mes._ Lo, yonder, and Titinius mourning it.

_Bru._ Titinius' face is upward.

_Cato._ He is slain.

_Bru._ O Julius Cæsar, thou art mighty yet!
Thy spirit walks abroad, and turns our swords[3612] 95
In our own proper entrails. [_Low alarums._[3613]

_Cato._ Brave Titinius![3614]
Look, whether he have not crown'd dead Cassius!

_Bru._ Are yet two Romans living such as these?
The last of all the Romans, fare thee well![3615]
It is impossible that ever Rome 100
Should breed thy fellow. Friends, I owe moe tears[3616]
To this dead man than you shall see me pay.
I shall find time, Cassius, I shall find time.
Come therefore, and to Thasos send his body:[3617]
His funerals shall not be in our camp,[3618] 105
Lest it discomfort us. Lucilius, come,
And come, young Cato: let us to the field.
Labeo and Flavius, set our battles on.[3619]
'Tis three o'clock; and, Romans, yet ere night[3620]
We shall try fortune in a second fight. [_Exeunt._ 110

SCENE IV. _Another part of the field._[3621]

_Alarum. Enter, fighting_, Soldiers _of both armies; then_ BRUTUS,
_young_ CATO, LUCILIUS, _and others_.[3622]

_Bru._ Yet, countrymen, O, yet hold up your heads!

_Cato._ What bastard doth not? Who will go with me?
I will proclaim my name about the field.
I am the son of Marcus Cato, ho!
A foe to tyrants, and my country's friend; 5
I am the son of Marcus Cato, ho![3623]

_Bru._ And I am Brutus, Marcus Brutus, I;[3624]
Brutus, my country's friend; know me for Brutus! [_Exit._[3625]

_Lucil_. O young and noble Cato, art thou down?[3626]
Why, now thou diest as bravely as Titinius, 10
And mayst be honour'd, being Cato's son.

_First Sold._ Yield, or thou diest.[3627]

_Lucil._ Only I yield to die:[3626][3628]
[_Offering money_] There is so much that thou wilt kill me
straight;[3629]
Kill Brutus, and be honour'd in his death.

_First Sold._ We must not. A noble prisoner![3628][3630] 15

_Sec. Sold._ Room, ho! Tell Antony, Brutus is ta'en.

_First Sold._ I'll tell the news. Here comes the general.[3631]

_Enter_ ANTONY.[3632]

Brutus is ta'en, Brutus is ta'en, my lord.

_Ant._ Where is he?[3633]

_Lucil._ Safe, Antony; Brutus is safe enough: 20
I dare assure thee that no enemy
Shall ever take alive the noble Brutus:
The gods defend him from so great a shame!
When you do find him, or alive or dead,[3634]
He will be found like Brutus, like himself. 25

_Ant._ This is not Brutus, friend, but, I assure you,[3635]
A prize no less in worth: keep this man safe,
Give him all kindness: I had rather have
Such men my friends than enemies. Go on,
And see whether Brutus be alive or dead,[3636] 30
And bring us word unto Octavius' tent[3637]
How every thing is chanced. [_Exeunt._

SCENE V. _Another part of the field._[3638]

_Enter_ BRUTUS, DARDANIUS, CLITUS, STRATO, _and_ VOLUMNIUS.

_Bru._ Come, poor remains of friends, rest on this rock.

_Cli._ Statilius show'd the torch-light, but, my lord,
He came not back: he is or ta'en or slain.

_Bru._ Sit thee down, Clitus: slaying is the word;
It is a deed in fashion. Hark thee, Clitus. [_Whispering._[3639] 5

_Cli._ What, I, my lord? No, not for all the world.

_Bru._ Peace then, no words.

_Cli._ I'll rather kill myself.

_Bru._ Hark thee, Dardanius. [_Whispering._

_Dar._ Shall I do such a deed?[3640]

_Cli._ O Dardanius!

_Dar._ O Clitus! 10

_Cli._ What ill request did Brutus make to thee?

_Dar._ To kill him, Clitus. Look, he meditates.

_Cli._ Now is that noble vessel full of grief,
That it runs over even at his eyes.

_Bru._ Come hither, good Volumnius; list a word. 15

_Vol._ What says my lord?

_Bru._ Why, this, Volumnius:
The ghost of Cæsar hath appear'd to me
Two several times by night, at Sardis once,
And this last night here in Philippi fields:
I know my hour is come.

_Vol._ Not so, my lord. 20

_Bru._ Nay, I am sure it is, Volumnius.
Thou seest the world, Volumnius, how it goes;
Our enemies have beat us to the pit: [_Low alarums._[3641]
It is more worthy to leap in ourselves
Than tarry till they push us. Good Volumnius, 25
Thou know'st that we two went to school together:
Even for that our love of old, I prithee,[3642]
Hold thou my sword-hilts, whilst I run on it.[3643]

_Vol._ That's not an office for a friend, my lord.

[_Alarum still._

_Cli._ Fly, fly, my lord; there is no tarrying here. 30

_Bru._ Farewell to you; and you; and you, Volumnius.[3644]
Strato, thou hast been all this while asleep;
Farewell to thee too, Strato. Countrymen,[3645]
My heart doth joy that yet in all my life[3646]
I found no man but he was true to me. 35
I shall have glory by this losing day,
More than Octavius and Mark Antony
By this vile conquest shall attain unto.[3647]
So, fare you well at once; for Brutus' tongue
Hath almost ended his life's history:[3648] 40
Night hangs upon mine eyes; my bones would rest,
That have but labour'd to attain this hour.[3649]

[_Alarum. Cry within_, 'Fly, fly, fly!'

_Cli._ Fly, my lord, fly.

_Bru._ Hence! I will follow.[3650]

[_Exeunt Clitus, Dardanius, and Volumnius._

I prithee, Strato, stay thou by thy lord:
Thou art a fellow of a good respect; 45
Thy life hath had some smatch of honour in it:[3651]
Hold then my sword, and turn away thy face,
While I do run upon it. Wilt thou, Strato?

_Stra._ Give me your hand first: fare you well, my lord.

_Bru._ Farewell, good Strato. [_Runs on his sword._] Cæsar, now be
still:[3652] 50
I kill'd not thee with half so good a will.[3652] [_Dies._

_Alarum. Retreat. Enter_ OCTAVIUS, ANTONY, MESSALA, LUCILIUS,
_and the army_.[3653]

_Oct._ What man is that?[3654]

_Mes._ My master's man. Strato, where is thy master?

_Stra._ Free from the bondage you are in, Messala:
The conquerors can but make a fire of him; 55
For Brutus only overcame himself,
And no man else hath honour by his death.

_Lucil._ So Brutus should be found. I thank thee, Brutus,[3655]
That thou hast proved Lucilius' saying true.

_Oct._ All that served Brutus, I will entertain them. 60
Fellow, wilt thou bestow thy time with me?

_Stra._ Ay, if Messala will prefer me to you.

_Oct._ Do so, good Messala.[3656]

_Mes._ How died my master, Strato?[3657]

_Stra._ I held the sword, and he did run on it. 65

_Mes._ Octavius, then take him to follow thee,[3658]
That did the latest service to my master.

_Ant._ This was the noblest Roman of them all:
All the conspirators, save only he,[3659]
Did that they did in envy of great Cæsar;[3660] 70
He only, in a general honest thought[3661][3662]
And common good to all, made one of them.[3662]
His life was gentle, and the elements
So mix'd in him that Nature might stand up
And say to all the world 'This was a man!' 75

_Oct._ According to his virtue let us use him,
With all respect and rites of burial.[3663]
Within my tent his bones to-night shall lie,
Most like a soldier, order'd honourably.[3664]
So call the field to rest, and let's away, 80
To part the glories of this happy day. [_Exeunt._[3665]

FOOTNOTES:

[3521] ACT V. SCENE I.] Rowe. Actus Quintus. Ff.

The plains ...] Capell. The Fields of Philippi, with the two Camps. Rowe.

[3522] _warn_] _wage_ Hanmer. _wait_ Mason conj.

[3523] _places; and ... bravery_,] Pope. _places, and ... bravery_: Ff.

[3524] _something_] _something's_ Hanmer.

[3525] _even_] _evil_ F4.

[3526] _thou_] _you_ Ritson conj.

[3527] _exigent?_] F3 F4. _exigent._ F1 F2.

[3528] SCENE II. Pope.

Lucilius ... others.] Lucilius ... others, attending. Capell. om. Ff.

[3529] [to his Troops. Capell.

[3530] _posture_] _puncture_ Singer conj.

_are_] _is_ Collier, ed. 2 (Steevens conj.).

[3531] _they_] _you_ Capell.

[3532] _stingless_] _stringless_ Rowe (ed. 1).

_stingless too._] _stingless too?_ Delius conj.

[3533] _O, yes ... sting._] _You threat before you sting._ Pope, putting the original in the margin.

[3534] _Hack'd_] _Hackt_ F1 F2. _Hack_ F3 F4.

[3535] _you ... hounds_,] One line in Rowe. Two in Ff.

_teeth_] F3 F4. _teethes_ F1 F2.

[3536] _Whilst_] _While_ Collier (one volume edition).

[3537] _Struck_] F3 F4. _Strooke_ F1 F2.

_you_] om. Pope.

[3538] _Struck...._ Cas. _Flatterers_] As one line, Capell conj., omitting _you_.

[3539] _Flatterers!_] _You flatterers!_ Keightley.

_thank_] _you may thank_ Steevens conj.

[3540] _sweat_] Rowe (ed. 2). _swet_ Ff.

[3541] _Look_:] _Behold_, Rowe, arranging as Ff.

[3542] _Look; I ... conspirators_] As in Steevens (1793). One line in Ff.

[3543] _a sword_] _sword_ S. Walker conj., arranging as Ff.

[3544] _thirty_] _twenty_ Theobald.

[3545] _sword of traitors_] _word of traitor_ Collier MS.

[3546] _traitors' hands_] _traitors_ Reed (1803, 1813, 1821).

[3547] _honourable_] _honourably_ Craik conj.

[3548] _worthless_] _worthles_ F1. _worthies_ F2 F3 F4.

[3549] [ ... their army.] Army. Ff.

[3550] SCENE III. Pope.

_Why ... bark!_] One line in Rowe. Two in Ff.

[3551] _all is_] _all's_ S. Walker conj., ending the line _Ho!_

[3552] _Ho_,] om. Pope. As a separate line by Steevens (1793).

[3553] [Standing forth] See note (VIII).

[3554] _Messala!_] _Messala._ Ff. _Messala,--_Capell.

[3555] _Messala, ... day_] As in Pope. One line in Ff.

[3556] _as_] _at_ Keightley.

[3557] _am I_] _I am_ S. Walker conj.

[3558] _former ensign_] _foremost ensign_ Rowe. _forward ensign_ Collier MS. _foremost ensigns_ Lettsom conj.

[3559] _steads_] F3 F4 _steeds_ F1 F2.

_ravens, crows_] _ravenous crows_ Warburton.

[3560] _ready to_] _as 'twould_ Seymour conj.

_up_] om. Pope.

[3561] _perils_] F1. _peril_ F2 F3 F4.

[3562] _Lucilius_] _Lucius_ Rowe (ed. 2).

[3563] _rest_] Rowe. _rests_ Ff.

_incertain_] _uncertain_ Capell.

[3564] _By_] _Be_ F2.

[3565] _himself: ... how_,] _himself; ... how,_ Pope. _himselfe, ... how_: Ff. _himself, ... how,_ Craik.

[3566] _I ... life_] Put in parentheses by Johnson.

[3567] _time_] _term_ Cappell.

_life_:] _life_; Theobald, _life_, Ff. Here Warburton marks a sentence omitted.

[3568] _some_] _those_ Craik (Collier MS.).

[3569] _this battle_] om. Steevens conj.

[3570] _Thorough_] _Thorew_ F1 F2. _Through_ F3 F4. _Along_ Pope. _By the proud victors, thro'_ Seymour conj.

_streets_] _street_, Rowe (ed. 2).

[3571] _No, ... Roman_,] One line in Rowe. Two in Ff.

[3572] _the_] F1. _that_ F2 F3 F4.

_begun_] _began_ Collier (Malone conj.).

[3573] SCENE II.] Capell. SCENE IV. Pope.

The field of battle.] Capell.

[3574] Alarum.] Ff. Alarums, as of a Battle join'd. Capell.

[3575] [Loud alarum.] Ff. om. Capell.

[3576] _Octavius'_] Pope. _Octavio's_ Ff.

[3577] _And_] _One_ Hanmer. _A_ Warburton.

[3578] SCENE III.] Capell. Scene continued in Pope.

Another ... field.] Capell.

[3579] Alarums.] Ff. Alarum. Pope.

[3580] _are_] _were_ Pope.

[3581] _further_] _farther_ Collier.

[3582] _far_] _far'_ Dyce (ed. 2).

[3583] _yond_] _yon'_ Capell.

[3584] _get ... hill_] _get thee higher on this hill_ Capell conj.

_higher_] F1. _thither_ F2 F3 F4.

[3585] [Pindarus....] Pindarus goes up. Dyce. Exit Pin. Hanmer. Omitted in Ff.

[3586] _breathed_] F1 F2. _breath'd_ F3 F4.

[3587] _his_] _its_ Pope.

_Sirrah_,] _Now_ Pope.

[3588] [Above] Ff. Within Hanmer. Appearing on the hill. Jennens.

_my lord_] _my good lord_ Steevens conj.

[3589] [Above] Dyce. Within. Hanmer. om. Ff.

[3590] _Titinius ... joy._] As in Pope, who reads _Titinius_ for _Now, Titinius_, line 31. In Ff _He's tane_ is in a separate line. Malone ends the lines _is ... that ... on.--Titinius!-- ... hark!... joy._ Dyce (ed. 2) ends them _about ... spur;-- ... him;--Titinius!-- ... hark!... joy._

[3591] _Now_,] _Now, now_, Nicholson conj., ending the line _O, he_.

[3592] _down; behold_] _down, Behold_ Capell, ending line 32 at _down_.

[Pindarus disappears. Jennens.

[3593] Pindarus descends.] Dyce. Enter Pindarus. Ff. Re-enter Pindarus. Capell.

[3594] _Come ... prisoner_;] As in Pope. One line in Ff.

[3595] _freeman_] F3 F4. _free-man_ F1 F2.

[3596] _hilts_] _hilt_ Pope.

[3597] [Pindarus stabs him.] Kills him. F2 F3 F4 (after line 46). Kills himself. Rowe (ed. 2), after line 46.

[3598] [Dies.] Capell. om. Ff.

[3599] _So ... been_,] One line in Rowe. Two in Ff.

[3600] [Exit.] Rowe. om. Ff.

[3601] Re-enter ... with] Capell. Enter ... and Ff.

[3602] SCENE V. Pope.

[3603] _to night_] _to-night_ Knight (ed. 1) and Collier (ed. 1).

[3604] _is set_] F1. _it set_ F2 F3 F4.

[3605] _sun_] _sunne_ F1. _sonne_ F2. _son_ F3 F4.

[3606] _O_] om. Pope.

[3607] _What_,] _Why_, Capell.

[3608] [Exit Messala.] Pope. om. Ff.

[3609] [Kills himself.] Dies. Ff. Stabs himself (after line 89). Dies. Rowe.

[3610] Alarum.] om. Capell.

Re-enter....] Capell. Enter Brutus, Messala, yong Cato, Strato, Volumnius, and Lucillius. Ff.

[3611] SCENE VI. Pope.

[3612] _walks_] _wa'kes_ F2.

[3613] [Low alarums.] om. Capell.

[3614] _whether_] Edd. _where_ Ff. _if_ Pope. _whe'r_ Capell. _whêr_ Dyce.

[3615] _The_] _Thou_ Rowe.

_fare_] _far_ F1.

[3616] _moe_] F3 F4. _mo_ F1 F2. _more_ Rowe.

[3617] _Thasos_ Edd. (S. Walker conj.). _Thassos_ Theobald. _Tharsus_ Ff.

[3618] _funerals_] _funeral_ Pope.

[3619] _Labeo_] Hanmer. _Labio_ Ff.

_Flavius_,] F4. _Flavio_ F1. _Flavius_ F2 F3.

[3620] _o'clock_] Theobald. _a clock_ Ff.

[3621] SCENE IV.] Capell. SCENE VII. Pope.

Another....] Capell. The Field of Battel. Pope.

[3622] Alarum.] Alarums. Capell.

Enter ... others.] Capell, substantially. Enter Brutus, Messala, Cato, Lucillius, and Flavius. Ff.

young Cato,] Dyce. Cato, Ff.

[3623] [Enter Souldiers, and fight. Ff. Charges the retiring Enemy. Capell.

[3624] Bru.] Rowe. om. Ff.

[3625] [Exit.] Pope. Charges them in another Part, and Exit, driving them in. The Party charg'd by Cato rally, and Cato falls. Capell.

[3626] Lucil.] Jennens. Luc. Ff.

[3627] First Sold.] 1. S. Capell. Sold. Ff.

[3628] _Only I_] _I only_ Hanmer.

_die_:] Here Warburton marks a line, spoken by the soldier, as omitted.

[3629] [Offering money] Johnson. Giving him money. Hanmer. om. Ff.

[3630] _not_] _not, sir_ Capell.

[3631] _the_] Pope (ed. 2). _thee_ Ff.

[3632] Enter Antony.] Capell. After line 15 in Ff.

[3633] [They shew Lucilius. Capell.

[3634] _or alive_] _alive_ Warburton.

[3635] _Brutus, friend_] F4. _Brutus friend_ F1 F2 F3.

[3636] _whether_] Edd. _where_ Ff. if Pope. _whe'r_ Capell.

[3637] _us word_] _us word_, F1. _us_, F2 F3. _us_ F4.

[3638] SCENE V.] Capell. SCENE VIII. Pope.

Another ...] Pope.

[3639] [Whispering.] Rowe. om. Ff.

[3640] [Whispering.] Whispers him. Capell. om. Ff.

_Shall_] om. Pope.

[3641] [Low alarums.] F1. Low alarum. F2 F3 F4. Alarum. Pope. Alarm. Johnson.

[3642] _prithee_] _prethee_ Ff. _pray thee_ Capell.

[3643] _sword-hilts_] _sword hilts_ F1 F2. _swords hilt_ F3 F4.

_whilst_] _whilest_ F1 F2. _while_ F3 F4.

[3644] [Shaking hands severally. Collier (Collier MS.).

[3645] _thee too, Strato. Countrymen_,] Theobald. _thee, to Strato, Countrymen_: Ff.

[3646] _in_] F1. om. F2 F3 F4.

[3647] _this_] _their_ S. Walker conj.

[3648] _life's_] Rowe (ed. 2). _lives_ Ff.

[3649] [Alarum.] Alarums. Capell.

[3650] _follow_] _follow thee_ Pope.

[Exeunt ...] Capell. om. Ff.

[3651] _smatch_] _smack_ Steevens.

_in it_] _in't_ Pope.

[3652] [Runs on his sword ... [Dies.] He runs on his Sword and dies. Rowe, after line 51. Dyes. Ff, after line 51.

[3653] Alarum.] Alarums.] Capell.

Octavius, Antony,] Capell. Antony, Octavius, Ff.

the army.] their army. Malone.

[3654] SCENE IX. Pope.

[3655] Lucil.] Jennens. Luci. Ff.

[3656] _good_] om. Capell, reading 63, 64 as one line.

[3657] _master_] F1. om. F2. _Lord_ F3 F4.

[3658] _then take him_] _take him then_ Hanmer.

[3659] _he_] _him_ Seymour conj.

[3660] _that_] _what_ So quoted by S. Walker.

[3661] _general honest_] _general-honest_ S. Walker conj.

[3662] _general ... And_] _generous ... Of_ Craik (Collier MS.).

[3663] _With all_] F3 F4. _Withall_ F1 F2.

[3664] _order'd_] Pope, _ordered_ Ff.

[3665] [Exeunt.] Capell. Exeunt omnes. Ff.

NOTES.

NOTE I.

DRAMATIS PERSONÆ. Rowe has 'Artemidorus, a Soothsayer,'--'Artimedorus a Sooth-sayer' in the first edition--which was altered by Theobald, who described Artemidorus as 'a Sophist of Cnidos,' and made the Soothsayer a separate person.

The Acts, but not the Scenes, are marked in the Folios.

NOTE II.

II. 1. 73. In both the editions of Pope this line is ludicrously printed thus:

'No, Sir, their--are pluckt about their ears.'

He seems to have thought that 'hat' was an intolerable anachronism, for in Coriolanus, II. 3. 92 and 160, he has substituted 'cap.' In this passage it would seem that he could not make up his mind and left a blank accordingly. It is noticed in one of Theobald's letters to Warburton (Nichols's _Illustrations_, Vol. II. p. 493).

NOTE III.

II. 1. 189. Jennens quotes '_and_ wildness' as the reading of Rowe's Octavo. Two lines below he quotes 'laugh at _us_ hereafter' as from the same edition. In I. 2. 110, he says that Rowe's Octavo reads 'we arrive' for 'arrive;' in I. 2. 163, that it reads 'would you' for 'you would;' in I. 2. 170, that it reads 'But' for 'Both;' in I. 3. 85, that it omits 'say;' in III. 1. 207, that it reads 'Sing'd.' In none of these cases does our copy of Rowe correspond with his statements.

NOTE IV.

III. 2. 109. We transcribe a portion of Pope's note on this passage:

'"Cæsar has had great wrong.
_3 Pleb._ Cæsar had never wrong, but with just cause."

If ever there was such a line written by Shakespear, I shou'd fancy it might have its place here, and very humorously in the character of a Plebeian.' He refers to Ben Jonson's quotation in the _Sylva_ or _Discoveries_, which has been much discussed by the commentators on III. 1. 47. Jonson's words are: 'Many times he [i.e. Shakespeare] fell into those things, could not escape laughter: as when he said in the person of Cæsar, one speaking to him, "Cæsar thou dost me wrong." He replied "Cæsar did never wrong but with just cause," and such like; which were ridiculous.' Vol. IX. pp. 175, 176. ed. 1816. There is another reference to Shakespeare's supposed blunder in the Induction to Ben Jonson's _Staple of News_, first acted in 1625: '_Prologue_. Cry you mercy, you never did wrong, but with just cause.' Vol. V. p. 162. Gifford in his note supposes that Metellus Cimber's speech and Cæsar's reply, as they are found in the Folio of 1623, are due to the 'botchery of the players,' and that they originally stood thus:

'_Met._ Cæsar, thou dost me wrong.
_Cæs._ Cæsar did never wrong, but with just cause.'

But surely the first twelve lines of Cæsar's reply, to which Gifford makes no allusion, cannot have been written by any other hand than Shakespeare's. On the whole it seems more probable that Jonson, quoting from memory, quoted wrong, than that the passage was altered in consequence of his censure, which was first made, publicly, in 1625.

NOTE V.

III. 2. 202. The arrangement given in the text, suggested by Mr Grant White and Dr Delius, was first printed by us in the _Globe Shakespeare_ and has been adopted by Mr Dyce in his second edition. The folios continue the words to the second citizen, thus:

'2. We will be reveng'd: Revenge
About, seeke, burne, fire, kill, slay,
Let not a Traitor live.'

See Coriolanus, Note (VII). Perhaps the speech given to _Sec. Cit._ lines 206, 207, should be also given to _All_, as Dr Delius has also suggested. The same remark may apply to the speech of _Third Cit._ at the end of Scene 3.

NOTE VI.

IV. 1. Rowe and Pope give 'Rome' for the Scene. Theobald places it on 'a small Island near Mutina.' In his note he says, 'Shakespeare, I dare say, knew from _Plutarch_, that these Triumvirs met, upon the Proscription, in a little Island: which _Appian_, who is more particular, says, lay near _Mutina_ upon the River _Lavinius_.' Hanmer makes the scene at 'A small Island in the little River Rhenus near Bononia.' Warburton cuts the knot by omitting to indicate the scene. Johnson followed Theobald. Capell put 'A Room in Antony's House,' which is adopted by Malone and modern editors generally. Mr Knight says, 'The triumvirs, it is well known, did not meet at Rome to settle their proscription. But it is evident that Shakspere places his scene at Rome, by Lepidus being sent to Cæsar's house, and told that he shall find his confederates "or here, or at the Capitol."'

NOTE VII.

IV. 2. 50, 52. The ingenious alteration made by Mr Craik cures the defective metre of line 50 and gets rid of the incongruous 'association of an officer of rank and a servant boy' in line 52. We have not however adopted it, because we are of opinion that the error, such as it is, is due to the author and not to a transcriber. In the first place, irregularities of metre are especially frequent, as Mr Dyce and others have pointed out, where proper names occur; and, secondly, an incongruity which was unnoticed by a long series of commentators may well have escaped the observation of a writer among whose merits minute accuracy cannot be ranked. Moreover in Shakespeare's eyes Lucius was probably a page of gentle birth, with whom Titinius might not unfitly be associated; and the office of guarding a door is at least as suitable to him as that of carrying a message to an army. In the next scene, both Lucius and Lucilius are in attendance.

NOTE VIII.

V. 1. 69, 70. The stage directions given in the text are compounded of that given in the Folios and that given by Rowe. The Folios after 'hark, a word with you,' add _Lucillius and Messala stand forth_, which Capell was the first to omit. Rowe retaining those words added, _Brutus speaks apart to Lucilius_.

MACBETH.

DRAMATIS PERSONÆ[3666].

DUNCAN, king of Scotland.
MALCOLM, }
DONALBAIN, } his sons.
MACBETH, }
BANQUO, } generals of the King's army.
MACDUFF, }
LENNOX, }
ROSS, }
MENTEITH, } noblemen of Scotland.
ANGUS, }
CAITHNESS, }
FLEANCE, son to Banquo.
SIWARD, earl of Northumberland, general of the English forces.
Young SIWARD, his son.
SEYTON, an officer attending on Macbeth.
Boy, son to Macduff.
An English Doctor.
A Scotch Doctor.
A Sergeant.
A Porter.
An Old Man.

Lady MACBETH.
Lady MACDUFF.
Gentlewoman[3667] attending on Lady Macbeth.

HECATE.
Three Witches.
Apparitions.

Lords, Gentlemen, Officers, Soldiers, Murderers, Attendants, and
Messengers.

SCENE: _Scotland: England._

THE TRAGEDY OF

MACBETH.

FOOTNOTES:

[3666] First given by Rowe; more fully by Capell.

[3667] Gentlewoman ...] Capell. Gentlewomen ... Rowe.