Chapter I: Front Matter

THE WORLD IN CHAINS

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But should we stay to speak, noontide would come,
And thwart Silenus find his goats undrawn,
And grudge to sing those wise and lovely songs
Of Fate, and Chance, and God, and Chaos old,
And Love, and the Chained Titan's woeful doom,
And how he shall be loosed, and make the earth
One brotherhood....

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THE WORLD
IN CHAINS

SOME ASPECTS OF WAR AND TRADE

BY JOHN MAVROGORDATO
M.A.

LONDON: MARTIN SECKER
NUMBER FIVE JOHN STREET ADELPHI

_First Published 1917_

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IN MEMORIAM AMICORUM
_R. F. C. GELDERD SOMERVELL
IVAR CAMPBELL: T. R. A. H.
NOYES: J. W. BAILEY_
QVI ANTE DIEM PERIERVNT

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Note

_There may be some exaggeration in this book. I firmly believe that England and her Allies entered this War with the noblest intentions. If I have done less than justice to these, it is because my chief purpose in this essay has been to express my equally firm belief that all these fine emotions have been and are being exploited by the basest forms of Imperialism and Capitalism._

_J. M._

_January 1st, 1917._

Contents

CHAPTER I

THE MASSACRE OF COLLEAGUES, 3

THE WIDENING SPHERE OF MORALITY, 4

THE RECEDING GOD, 6

THE PHILOSOPHER LOOKS AT SOCIETY, 8

HOMO HOMINI LUPUS, 8

TRIBE AGAINST TRIBE, 10

THE CITY STATE, 12

THE NATIONS OF EUROPE "FERAE NATURAE," 14

THE CONVENIENCE OF DIPLOMACY, 15

A NOTE ON DEMOCRACY, 18

DIPLOMACY NOT BAD IN ITSELF, 19

MANNERS NO SUBSTITUTE FOR MORALS, 21

WAR A MORAL ANACHRONISM, 21

CHAPTER II

THE ARMAMENT RING, 27

EUGENICS? 29

PATRIOTISM, 31

THE MORAL TEST, 36

TRADE, 39

TRADE IN TIME OF PEACE, 42

DUTIES OF COMMERCE TO THE STATE, 44

RESTRICTED SPHERE OF GOVERNMENT CORRESPONDING TO
RESTRICTED SPHERE OF MORALITY, 51

CHAPTER III

TRADE DURING THE WAR, 57

TRADE LIVES ON INCREASING DEMAND, 65

WAR A FORM OF DESTRUCTION, 66

WAR STANDS TO BENEFIT NEUTRAL AS WELL AS BELLIGERENT
NATIONS BUT NOT TO THE SAME EXTENT, 69

THE GREATER THE CAPITAL, THE GREATER THE WAR
PROFIT, 71

THE BLESSINGS OF INVASION, 72

THE LUXURY TRADES DON'T DO SO BADLY, 74

TRADE PROFITS IN WAR NOT SHARED BY THE NATION
BUT CONFINED TO EMPLOYERS, 77

TRADE PROFIT AND NATIONAL LOSS, 82

APPENDIX: SOME TYPICAL WAR PROFITS, 125

CHAPTER IV

DIALECTICS ROUND THE DEATH-BED, 89

GERMAN RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE WAR, 90

THE VALUE OF GERMAN CULTURE, 95

THE MANUFACTURE OF HATRED, 102

IMPERIALISM THE ENEMY, 107

POSSIBLE OBJECTS OF WAR, 112

PHYSICAL FORCE IN A MORAL WORLD, 118

IMPERIALISM AND CAPITALISM THROUGH WAR AND TRADE
THE ENEMIES: SOCIALISM TO THE RESCUE, 122

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