Chapter III: The Philosophy of Old Age (2)

Jefferson, Thomas, birth, 3;
ancestry and parentage, 3-5;
"Autobiography", _see_ below;
schooling, 5-7;
early reading, 6;
life at Shadwell, 6-8;
at William and Mary College, 8-17;
oratorical ambitions, 14;
influence of Patrick Henry upon, 14, 15, 26, 27, 37;
love episode with Rebecca Burwell, 16-18;
commonplace books, 19, _see also_ below;
change in religious belief, 19-24;
distrust of women, 22;
his system of morality, 24-26, _see also_ Morality;
influence of Greek Stoics upon, 26;
studies law, 27-31;
his revindication of the Saxon liberties, 31, 32;
his acquaintance with languages and books, 33;
practices law, 34, 36;
life as farmer at Shadwell, 34, 35;
his "Garden Books", 35, 39;
his scorn of rhetoric, 36, 37;
character of his mind, 37;
in House of Burgesses, 38;
his library, 39;
marriage, 39, 40;
life at Monticello, 41;
after passing of Boston Port Bill, 43, 44;
his declaration of mutual defence, 45;
writes Albemarle resolutions, 45-47;
his doctrine of expatriation, 47, 50, 89, 107;
drafts instructions to Virginia delegates to first Continental
Congress, 47, 53;
his "A Summary View of the Rights of British America", 48-53;
his discussion of land tenures, 49;
speaks as pioneer, 52, 53;
in second Virginia Convention, 54;
delegate to second Continental Congress, 54, 55, 64;
his part of "Declaration of the Cause of Taking Up Arms", 59-62;
his answer to Lord North's "Conciliatory Proposition", 62;
influence of Greek and Latin orators on his style, 63;
his view of independence, 63-65;
his absence from Congress during preliminary steps to Declaration of
Independence, 66;
appointed Lieutenant and Commander in chief of the Militia of the
County of Albemarle, 66;
drafts constitution for Virginia, 66-69;
and the Declaration of Independence, 69-78;
resigns from Congress and enters Virginia Legislature, 78, 79;
his view of the social compact and liberty, 80-82, 85, 204, 365,
498;
his philosophy of natural and civil rights, 80-85, 106, 204, 346,
365;
his conception of state sovereignty, 82, 83;
his views on property, 84, 85;
his suggestion for United States seal, 86;
the source of his political philosophy, 87;
refuses post of commissioner to France, 87, 88;
birth of son, 88;
his part in revision of laws of Virginia, 88-103;
starts subscription for Rev. Charles Clay, 103-105;
his doctrine of government, 105-107;
as Governor of Virginia, 107-114;
his attitude toward British prisoners, 109-112;
a stern, but little observed, trait in his character, 111-113;
nearly taken by the British, 113;
charges against his conduct as governor, 114, 115;
impatient at public criticism, 115;
refuses new appointment to European post, 115, 116;
his determination to return to private life, 116-118, 153;
his description of natural scenery, 120, 121;
his studies in natural history, 121, 122;
his answer to Abbe Raynal, 122, 123;
his views on immigration, 123-125;
his combination of faith and pessimism in reference to government,
125, 126;
his view of the best government, 126, 127;
his opposition to dictator, 127, 128;
his belief in efficacy of universal suffrage, 129, 130;
his pessimism as regards human nature and human society, 130;
his views of slavery and the Negro, 131, _see also_ Slavery;
his view of American civilization as agricultural, 132;
advises peace and preparedness, 133, 134;
his ideal picture of America, 135, 136;
death of his wife, 137, 138;
appointed Plenipotentiary to Europe, but appointment canceled, 139,
140;
delegate to Congress (June, 1782 to July 5, 1784), 140, 143-152;
founds American monetary system, 147;
appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to negotiate treaties of commerce
with foreign nations, 152;
his qualifications for European task, 153-155;
his quarters in Paris, 159;
his views of Paris, 160;
his friends and acquaintances at Paris, 161, 162;
rooms in Carthusian Monastery, 163;
his travels in Europe, 164-171;
advises against sending youth to Europe, 172;
compares Europe with America, 173-175;
his duties at Paris, 176;
and foreign debts, 176, 177, 181-193;
and the tobacco trade, 177-181;
his efforts to promote Gallo-American commerce, 181-184;
puts all questions on a practical basis, 194;
his views on the American Constitution, 195-202;
his political philosophy, 203-205;
his management of the problem of the Barbary pirates, 205-207;
his fear of French, English, and Spanish designs in New World,
207-211;
his belief in policy of isolation for United States, 211, 212;
originates policy of watchful waiting, 214;
his attitude toward French Revolution, 215-237;
draws up "Charter of Rights for the King and Nation", 230;
his emendations and corrections to Lafayette's "Declaration
Europeenne des droits de l'homme et du citoyen", 232-234;
his house made the scene of French committee meeting, 235-237;
how far he believed in "government by the people", 237, 238;
on the French people, 238-240;
asserts one standard of morality for nations and individuals, 240,
241;
accepts post of Secretary of State, 245, 246;
pays respects to Franklin, 247;
the "Anas", 248, 251, 295, 515;
his attitude toward United States debts, 250-255;
quarrel with Hamilton, 255-258, 263, 265, 266, 268-271;
his opposition to Bank Bill, 255-258;
his theory of State rights, 257, 365;
his quarrel with Adams, 258-261;
reaches an impasse, 264;
his proposed changes in Virginia Constitution, 264, 265;
his indictment of Hamilton's system, 265-267;
urges Washington to run a second time for Presidency, 267;
attacked by _Gazette of the United States_, 268, 269;
becomes leader of new party, 269;
his fears of a monarchy, 271, 272, 344;
letters to French friends, 274;
his practical idealism, 275, 381, 382;
efforts to obtain New Orleans, 276-278;
becomes sympathetic with republican government in France, 278-280,
282, 285-287;
his efforts to obtain commercial privileges with West Indies,
280-282;
cautious in action, 283;
his principles as to recognition of foreign governments, 284, 286;
and the war between England and France, and Citizen Genet, 287-297;
resigns Secretaryship, 297;
in retirement at Monticello, 298-320;
his admiration for Madame de Corny, 298, 299;
avoids politics, 299-303;
his Report on the Privileges and Restrictions of the Commerce of the
United States, 302;
hopes for avoidance of war with Great Britain, 303-305;
views on current political events, 308-313;
writes indiscreet letter to Mazzei, 312, 333;
pen-portrait of, 314, 315;
chosen Vice-President, 320;
attempted reconciliation with Adams, 321, 322, 325;
desires peace with Europe, 324, 326, 337, 339, 343;
his "Parliamentary Manual", 325;
his view of manufactures, 327, 329;
forms certain political conclusions, 334, 335;
his self-mastery, 339, 340;
opposed to break in the Union, 340, 341;
newspaper war against, 341, 343;
his share in Kentucky and Virginia nullification resolutions, 345;
luminous exposition of his doctrine (program of the Democratic
party), 351, 352;
as political leader, 352-362;
nominated for Presidency (1800), 362;
in the campaign, 363-368;
in the election, 368-373;
inauguration, 375;
inaugural address, 379;
his removals from office, 380, 381;
his attack on the judiciary, 383-390, 436;
reelected (1804), 389, 395;
convinced of the evil of the intrusion of churches into politics,
390;
hostility to, 390, 391;
his relation to Cabinet members, 392;
his reform in financial system of United States, 393;
his attitude toward agriculture and manufactures, 394, 395;
his imperialist views, 398-400, 449;
and Louisiana Purchase, 405-421;
sends Lewis on Western exploring expedition, 421, 422;
his policy in war between England and France, 424, 440, 441, 444,
447-462;
his second inaugural address, 425-428, 442;
the ordeal of his second term, 428, 429;
inconsistency of his conduct in Burr case, 437-439;
tries to obtain the Floridas, 445, 446;
offers alliance with England, 446;
writes to Alexander of Russia concerning rights of neutrals, 448;
imperialistic proposition of, 449; his letters, 468, 514, 516;
his views of Executive and Congress, 468-470;
opposed to English mercantilism, 471;
his detestation of English policies and rulers, 470-473;
his ideas on War of 1812, 473-478;
offers library to Congress, 477;
his feeling for England as distinguished from English government,
479;
opinions on affairs of Europe and South America, 479-486;
and the Monroe Doctrine, 483, 486-488;
formulates the gospel of American democracy, 489;
economic and banking theories of, 490-496;
his view of best government for France, 496, 497;
his theory of the function of the people in a democracy, 499-502;
sees germs of national weakness in United States government,
502-505;
his services to education (University of Virginia), 505-512;
his interests, 514-516;
his conclusion on the future of democracy, 517;
reconciliation with Adams, 518, 519;
his later religious views, 519-528;
his faith in ultimate recognition of ideals, 528, 529;
his last years and death, 529-532

"Autobiography", references to, 4, 53, 80, 88, 91, 93, 105, 108,
148, 236;
quoted on proposal for Congress, 44;
on expatriation, 47;
on Jefferson's retirement from Congress, 79;
on simplification of statutes, 92;
on self-government of the people, 106;
on method of composition used in "Notes on Virginia", 119;
on attendance at Congress, 143;
on Committee of Congress, 145;
on Jefferson's duties in Paris, 176;
picture of events preceding French Revolution in, 224;
on refusal of invitation to attend meeting of French committee,
235;
the writing of, 515

"Commonplace Book", 19, 39;
law matters in, 28-30;
provincialism in, 32;
Kames quoted in, 45, 84;
on rights of Dominion of Virginia, 46;
passages from James Wilson in, 73;
Montesquieu and Beccaria copied in, 94;
extracts on history of Common Law in, 101;
on death, 530, 531;
other references to, 47, 49

"Literary Bible", 19, 21, 22, 25, 26, 41;
provincialism in, 32;
Milton in, 40

"Notes on Virginia", references to, 69, 98, 100, 101, 103, 153,
164, 169, 171, 215, 425, 508;
publication of, 118-120;
contents of, 120-136;
memorandum on new constitution for Virginia in, 141;
on value of education, 505

Jones, Prof. Hugh, his description of Williamsburg, 8

Jones, Paul, 207

Jones, Dr. Walter, letter to, 499

_Journal de Paris_, imprisonment of chief editor of, 217

Judiciary, assault on, under Jefferson, 383-390, 436

Judiciary Act of 1801, repeal of, 384

Kaims (Kames), Henry Home, Lord, his "Historical Law Tracts", 29, 30;
on mutual defence, 45;
his distinction of "property" and "possession", 84, 85;
referred to, 304

Kant, Immanuel, criterium of, 525

Keith, Mary, wife of Thomas Marshall, 4

Kentucky nullification resolutions, 345-347

Kercheval, Samuel, letter to, 234, 504

King, Rufus, 402-405, 408

Knox, Gen. Henry, Secretary of War under Washington, 247

Kosciusko, 516

Lafayette, Marquis de, his plan for a "declaration of the rights of
man and the citizen", 76;
sent to arrest Arnold, 108;
friend of Jefferson, 154;
his family and friends, 161;
and the tobacco monopoly, 177-179;
efforts of, in commercial transactions, 181, 182;
and the Barbary pirates, 206;
advice of Jefferson to, 220;
Jefferson sends "Charter of Rights for the King and Nation" to, 230;
letters of, 232;
his "Declaration Europeenne des droits de l'homme et du citoyen",
232-234;
brings about committee meeting in Jefferson's house, 236;
letters to, 274, 283;
living embodiment of political faith of nineteenth century, 514;
his final leave-taking of Jefferson, 531

Lambert, British traveler, 460

Lamothe, Lieut., 111

Land Office, ordinance concerning establishment of, 149

Land tenures, origin of, 49

"La Peyrouse's voyage to the South Seas", 207

La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, visits Monticello, 313-315, 327

Latude, Jean Henri de, 219

Law, Thomas, letters to, 478, 524

Law, and free institutions, in Saxon society, 31, 32

"Law of nature", 23

League of Nations, 330

Lee, Arthur, delegate to Congress from Virginia, 140

Lee, C., appointed judge by Adams, 374

Lee, F. L., of Virginia Assembly, 43

Lee, Richard H., of Virginia Assembly, 43;
on committee of continental Congress appointed to answer Lord
North's "Conciliatory Proposition", 62;
assists in framing resolution instructing colonies to form
governments, 66;
mentioned, 79

Lee, Thomas Ludwell, appointed reviser of laws of Virginia, 90-92

Leib, Dr., 311, 343; letter to, 458

Lewis (Merriwether) and Clark (William) Expedition, 421, 422

Liberty, Jefferson's definition of, 82

Lincoln, Abraham, Gettysburg address, 77

_Little Sarah_, British prize, 294

Livingston, Edward, member of Congress from New York, 368

Livingston, Robert R.,
on committee to prepare Declaration of Independence, 69;
letters to, 362, 368, 419;
United States Minister to France, 374;
and Louisiana, 402-416

Lobbying, 502

Locke, John, his "Treatise on Civil Government", 30;
and the Declaration of Independence, 71, 72;
his hypothesis of society, 82, 84, 204

Logan, Dr., idealistic pacifist, 341

Logan Law, 350

Louis XVI, Jefferson's pen-portrait of, 222, 229;
flight of, 282;
execution of, 287

Louisiana Purchase, 393, 400-421

"Louisianais", acceptance of, to citizenship, 423

McGregory, letter to, 365

McHenry, James,
Secretary of War in Cabinets of Washington and Adams, 323, 336;
dismissed by Adams, 368

Madison, Bishop, discusses religion with Jefferson, 358

Madison, James, disapproves of Jefferson's determination to withdraw
from public life, 117;
delegate to Congress, 140;
Jefferson's correspondence with, 198, 222, 231, 234, 239, 240, 291,
302, 303, 306, 307, 335, 337, 338, 347, 351, 355, 462, 468,
476;
urges Jefferson to accept post of Secretary of State, 246;
Jefferson's unofficial representative in Congress, 250, 251;
Bank Bill opposed by, 255;
speeches, 257;
his copy of "The Rights of Man", 258;
accompanies Jefferson on trip, 259;
objections to, as Minister to France, 321, 322;
envoy to France, 324;
silent on French dispute, 339;
recommends Virginia nullification resolutions, 345;
letter of, 411;
election of, to Presidency, 464;
on board of visitors to University of Virginia, 509

Madrid, Treaty of, 403

Mann, Thomas, letter to, 308

Manufactures, Hamilton's Report on, 249, 266;
Hamilton's view of, 327;
Jefferson's view of, 327-329;
change in Jefferson's view of, 491, 492

"Marbury versus Madison", 384, 385

Marshall, John, ancestry, 3;
appointed envoy extraordinary to France, 333;
returns from France, 341;
Secretary of State in Adams's Cabinet, 368;
administers oath to Jefferson, 375;
head of Federalists, 381;
his decision in "Marbury versus Madison", 384, 385;
asserts power of Supreme Court to declare law unconstitutional, 385,
386;
findings of, in Burr conspiracy case, 433, 434, 436, 437;
his "History of Washington", 515

Marshall, Thomas, family of, 4

Martin, Luther, in Chase impeachment case, 389

Mason, George, resolutions written by, 45, 46, 48;
"Virginia Bill of Rights" written by, 73;
appointed reviser of laws of Virginia, 90-93;
mentioned, 251

Mason, John, letter to, 455

Mason, Stephens Thompson, letter to, 344

Mason, Thomas, 307

Mathews, Col. George, 112

Maury, James, letters to, 454, 473, 478

Maury, Rev. Dr., schoolmaster, 6, 20, 63

Mazzei, Philip, neighbor and friend of Jefferson, 35; letters to, 321,
333, 391

Mellish, John, traveler, 460

Mercer, John F., delegate to Congress from Virginia, 140, 273

Mexico, 481

Middlemen, in tobacco trade, 177-181

"Midnight judges", 373, 374, 385

Milton, John, his accusations against female usurpations, 22;
quotation from, 40

Mint, Hamilton's Report on Establishment of, 249

Mississippi, navigation of, 276

Missouri question, 502, 503

Mitchell, Dr., unpublished letter to, 390

Monocrats, 273, 306, 316

Monroe, James, disapproves of Jefferson's determination to withdraw
from public life, 117;
delegate to Congress from Virginia, 140;
Jefferson's correspondence with, 217, 251, 260, 290, 301-303, 316,
317, 354, 357, 363, 373, 399, 463, 485, 486;
on Washington's proclamation of neutrality, 293;
sent as special envoy to France to negotiate for Louisiana, 411,
413, 415, 416;
his fear of alliance of Great Britain and France against United
States, 423;
negotiates, with Pinkney, treaty with England, 448-450;
considered for Presidency in 1808, 463, 464;
on board of visitors to University of Virginia, 509

Monroe Doctrine, 483, 486-488

Montaigne, M. E. de, 130

Montesquieu, Baron de, 233

Monticello, the building of, 34, 39;
life at, 41;
Jefferson in retirement at, 298-320;
a self-supporting economic unit, 327, 467;
visitors to, 515

Montmorency, 234

Montmorin, Minister, 220, 237, 274, 278

Morality, and religion, 24, 25, 523-525;
test of, 525;
code of, 526

Morellet, Abbe, translator of "Notes on Virginia", 118;
meets Jefferson, 161, 215

Morocco, Emperor, treaty with, 312

Morris, Gouverneur, his accusation against Jefferson, 224;
letters to, 254, 263, 286, 293, 294, 295;
Minister to France, 283;
letters from, 284;
conduct as Minister to France, 323;
offers to use political influence for Jefferson, 372

Morris, Robert, Financier of U. S., 146, 179

Mutual defence, 45, 84

_National Gazette_, foundation of, 261-263

Natural Bridge, description of, 120, 175

Necker, Jacques, 229, 231

Negro, Jefferson's view of status of, 131

Nelson, Gen., elected governor of Virginia, 113

Nelson, Thomas, Jr., letter to, 66

Neutrality, Washington's proclamation of, 289, 293;
Jefferson's policy of, 424

New Granada, constitution of, 498

_New London Bee_, 368

New Orleans, Jefferson's efforts to obtain, 276-278

Nicholas, George, his charges against Jefferson, 114, 115, 127;
proposes dictator 127;
his share in Kentucky and Virginia nullification resolutions, 345

Nicholas, Robert C., 28

Nicholas, Wilson C.,
his share in Kentucky and Virginia nullification resolutions, 345;
refutes Federalists, 357

Nicholson, Joseph N., member of Congress, 372

Nock, A. J., historian of Jefferson, 457, 458

Non-Intercourse Act, 461

North, Lord, his "Conciliatory Proposition", 54;
Jefferson's answer to his "Conciliatory Proposition", 62

Nullification resolutions, 345-347

Ogden, John, arrest of, 354

Ogilvie, James, 502

Oratory, American school of, 388, 389

Orders in Council (Nov. 11, 1807), 453, 457

Otis, H. G., nominated District Attorney by Adams, 374

Page, John,
Jefferson's correspondence with, 15, 16, 19, 20, 38, 78, 166;
on committee on religion, 89

Paine, Thomas, his "Common Sense", influence of, 60;
letter to, 227, 228;
his "The Rights of Man", 258-261;
Jefferson's regard for, resented, 390, 391

Paradise, Comtesse Barziza, Lucy, 162

Parsons, Theophilus, nominated Attorney-General, 373

"Parson's Case", 15

Patowmac River, 120

Pendleton, Edmund, letters to, 78, 87, 88;
opposes Bill to Abolish Entails, 89;
appointed reviser of laws of Virginia, 90;
appeal of Jefferson to, 353;
congratulates Jefferson, 362

Physiocrats, 142, 233, 328, 395, 471, 493-495, 498

Pichon, French charge at The Hague, 354;
Minister in Washington, 419

Pickering, Judge, impeachment of, 384

Pickering, Timothy, in Cabinets of Washington and Adams, 323, 336;
dismissed by Adams, 368

Picket, F. J., of Geneva, 507

Pinckney, Charles, Minister to Spain, 402;
letter to, 458

Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth,
his treatment by the French Directory, 324, 325, 331;
appointed envoy extraordinary to France, 333;
nominated for Vice-Presidency (1800), 362;
candidate for President (1808), 464

Pinckney, Thomas, Minister to Great Britain, 290;
letter to, 331

Pinkney, William, and Monroe, negotiate treaty with England, 448-450

Politics, foreign and domestic, 248

Presidential election, _see_ Election

Priestley, Joseph, letters to, 358, 420, 517;
befriended by Jefferson, 366;
his "Hints Concerning Public Education", 506;
his treatise, "Of Socrates and Jesus compared", 526

Privateering, 151, 152

Privateers, outfitted and commissioned by Genet, 291, 292

"Proclamation announcing ratification of definitive treaties, Draft
for", 144

Property, the right to, 83-85, 233;
and possession, distinction between, 85

_Prospect_, 361

Protestants, edict on, 224

Public opinion, 203, 204, 301, 429

"Pursuit of happiness", as a right, 75, 76

Raleigh Tavern, Williamsburg, Va., 9, 17, 23, 44

Randolph, Edmund, letters to, 115, 117, 254, 300;
Attorney-General under Washington, 247, 255, 256, 292;
opinion of, attacked by Jefferson, 309

Randolph, Jane, mother of Thomas Jefferson, 3, 4;
death, 65, 78

Randolph, John, 28;
removes to England, 63, 64, 107

Randolph, John, of Roanoke, refutes Federalists, 356;
in Chase impeachment case, 389;
"Resolution" of, on judiciary, 390;
leader of discontented Republicans, 428;
his "Remonstrance of the people of Louisiana", 429;
his attacks on Madison, 439

Randolph, Peyton, 28, 47, 63;
president of first Continental Congress, 54;
recalled from Congress, 54

Randolph, Mrs. Sarah, her "Domestic Life of Thomas Jefferson", 529

Randolph, Thomas Mann, Jr., marries Martha Jefferson, 246;
letters to, 251, 262, 263, 293;
at Monticello, 301

Randolph, William, 3

Raynal, Abbe,
his application of theory of Buffon to American settlers, 122;
answer of Jefferson to, 122, 123

Religion, and morality, 24, 25, 523, 527

Religious freedom, in Virginia, 89, 90, 100-103

Republicans, in election of 1792, 273

Richmond, Va., establishment of Free Public Library at, 99

Riedesel, Maj.-Gen. Baron de, 110

Rights, natural and civil, 80-85, 204, 233, 346

Rochefoucauld, Comtesse de la, 162

Rochefoucauld, Duc de La, 274

Rodney, Caesar A., letter to, 469

Rotation in office, 502

Rousseau, Jean Jacques, his hypothesis of society, 82, 84;
on morality, 525

Rush, Benjamin, 458;
deplores estrangement of Jefferson and Adams, 518;
Jefferson writes "Syllabus of an Estimate of the Merit of the
Doctrines of Jesus, compared with those of others" for,
526, 527

Rush, Richard, letter to, 489

Rutledge, letters to, 225, 309, 317, 330, 334, 335

Saint Etienne, Rabaud de,
Jefferson sends "Charter of Rights for the King and Nation" to, 230

San Ildefonso, Treaty of, 402

Santo Domingo, and Government of the United States, 283, 285

Sedgwick, Theodore, speaker of the House, 373

Sedition Law, 342-347, 383

Seward, W. W., letter to, 212

Shadwell, Jefferson estate, 3, 7, 8, 28, 32, 34, 35;
burning of, 38, 39

Shaw, Samuel, consul at Canton, 289

Sherman, Roger, on committee to prepare Declaration of Independence,
69

"Shirt-sleeve" diplomacy, 178

Short, William, private secretary of Jefferson, 153, 159;
studies French, 161;
correspondence with Jefferson, 275-277, 280, 282, 285, 288, 398,
462, 517, 521;
transferred to the Hague, 283;
rebuked by Jefferson, 286

Skelton, Bathurst, 39

Skelton, Martha, married to Jefferson, 39, 40;
death, 137, 138;
grave and inscription, 138

Slavery,
Jefferson's attitude toward, 119, 131, 142, 148, 152, 492, 503;
in the Confederation, 148, 149

Small, Dr. William, professor in William and Mary College, his
intimacy with Jefferson, 11-13, 63

Smith, Rev. Cotton Mather, his accusation against Jefferson, 363

Smith, James, letter to, 520

Smith, Robert, Attorney-General, 437

Smith, Samuel H., letters to, 343, 477

Smith, Col. W. S., 287, 288

Social compact, Jefferson's view of, 45, 46, 80-82, 85, 204, 365, 498

Society, man and, conflict between, 107;
contractual and physiocratic doctrines of, 141, 142

South America, _see_ Spanish colonies

Spanish colonies in America, 209-211; revolt of, 481-485

Sprigg resolution, against war with France, 337, 338

Stael, Madame de, Jefferson's correspondence with, 476

State rights, Jefferson's theory of, 257, 365

State sovereignty, Jefferson's conception of, 82, 83

State universities, 512

States, provision for new, 148, 149

Stewart, Dugald, 5, 11

Stoddart, Benjamin, Secretary of the Navy in Adams's Cabinet, 374

Stuart, Archibald, 264

Suffrage, universal, 129, 130;
limitation of, 499

Sullivan, Francis Stoughton, his "An Historical Treatise of the Feudal
Laws and the Constitution of the Laws of England", 30

Supreme Court, Jefferson's attitude toward, 346;
Marshall's doctrine of the powers of, 385, 386

Swartwout, and the Burr conspiracy, 432, 433

Tariff, and the French debt, 181;
belief and practice in, 212, 213;
advocated by Jefferson's party, 394

Tarleton, Col. Sir Bannastre, attempts to capture Legislature and
Governor of Virginia, 113

Taxation, forms of, 493, 494

Taylor, John, letter to, 347;
efforts to secure appointment of dictator, 356

Taylor, Keith, appointed judge by Adams, 374

Tazewell, H., letter to, 308

Ternant, French Minister to United States, 287, 290, 291

Tesse, Madame de, 161, 170, 221;
correspondence with, 514

Thomson, Charles, letter to, 530

Ticknor, George, 510

Tobacco monopoly, 177-181

Tott, Madame de, 162

"Transfers", problem of, 181

Treaties, _see_ Commercial treaties

Treaty of Alliance with France (1778), 211, 212

Treaty of Commerce, with Great Britain, 143, 144

Trial by jury, 237

Tripoli, war with, 443

Trist, Mrs., 163, 216, 530

Unger, Louis de, German officer, 110

Unitarianism, 520

United States, suggestions for seal of, 86;
proclaimed as one nation, 144, 150;
establishment of monetary system of, 146, 147;
provision for new States, 148;
foreign debts, 176, 177, 181, 182, 184-193;
western lands, sale of, 188;
Constitution, 195-202;
desire of isolation, 211;
often accused of hypocrisy in foreign dealings, 213;
has tried to combine political aloofness and industrial and
commercial development, 330;
relation to foreign nations, 396;
neutrality of, in war between England and France, 424, 440;
imports and exports of, at beginning of nineteenth century, 440;
population of, at beginning of nineteenth century, 441.
_See also_ American Revolution; Articles of Confederation;
Declaration of Independence; Louisiana Purchase

University of Geneva, 505

University of Virginia, 509-512

Vans Murray, American Minister at The Hague, 349, 354

Vans Murray-Pichon papers, 354, 355

Venable, 356

Vergennes, Charles G., Count de, 178, 185, 206

Virginia, family life in, before the Revolution, 4;
books in, 5;
religion in, 6;
plantation life in, 35, 41;
House of Burgesses, 38, 54;
temper of colonists of, 42;
Constitution (1776), drafted by Jefferson, 67-69;
revision of laws of, 88-107;
ideas on new constitution for, 140-143;
Jefferson proposes changes in constitution, 264.
_See also_ American Revolution; Shadwell; Williamsburg

Virginia Bill of Rights, 73, 74, 76, 83, 100

Virginia Convention, first, 47, 53;
second, 54

Virginia nullification resolutions, 345-347

Virginia Company of Comedians, 34

Volney, Constantin F. C. B., Count de, 319, 339, 340, 366, 400, 401

Walker, Col., guardian of Jefferson, 10, 11

War of 1812, 473-478

Washington, D. C., in 1800, 362

Washington, George, presides over Assembly of Fairfax County, 45;
and Jefferson, differ as regards treatment of British prisoners,
112;
Jefferson's view of, 122, 139;
his wines, 160;
his Cabinet, 245-247;
urged by Jefferson to run a second time for Presidency, 267;
distressed at dissensions in Cabinet, 269;
supports Hamilton's actions, 271;
reelection of, 272;
letter to, 304;
harsh words of Jefferson against, 311

Watchful waiting, policy of, advocated by Jefferson, 214, 423, 452

Watson, David, on board of visitors to University of Virginia, 509

Wayles, John, father-in-law of Jefferson, 39

West Indies, commerce with, 151, 280-282, 295, 329;
Jefferson opposed to change of ownership of, 303

Western lands, sale of, 254

Whisky Insurrection, 305, 306

White House, burned by English, 476

Wilkinson, James, and the Burr conspiracy, 429-435, 438

William and Mary College, 8-11;
reorganization of, 98, 99;
transformation of, 358

Williamsburg, Va., society in, 8, 9, 34

Williamson, Hugh, discussions with Jefferson, 371

Wilson, James, and the Declaration of Independence, 73, 76

Wilson, Woodrow, political aloofness and industrial development
conspicuous in his position, 330;
his phrase, "too proud to fight", 398;
neutrality of, 424;
his hope of preserving peace, 444;
his situation in 1914-1917 compared to that of Jefferson in 1808,
455, 456

Wistar, Caspar, discussions with Jefferson, 371

Wolcott, Oliver,
Secretary of the Treasury under Washington and Adams, 323, 336

Woodward, Augustus S., letter to, 521

Wythe, George, professor in William and Mary College, and Jefferson,
12, 13, 27, 28, 34, 63;
appointed reviser of laws of Virginia, 90-93;
congratulates Jefferson, 362;
mentioned, 310, 325

XYZ Case, 337.
See _also_ France

FOOTNOTES:

[1] To Mrs. Bingham, Paris, February 7, 1787, Memorial Edition, VI, 81.

[2] To Jefferson Randolph, November 24, 1808, Memorial Edition, XII, 197.

[3] To John Adams, June 11, 1812. Memorial Edition, XIII, 160.

[4] "Domestic Life of Thomas Jefferson", by S. N. Randolph. New York, 1857, p. 27.

[5] "Notes on Virginia." Query XV.

[6] "Autobiography." Memorial Edition, I., 3.

[7] November 24, 1808. Memorial Edition, XII, 197.

[8] William Wirt Henry: "Life of Patrick Henry." New York, 1891, vol. I, p. 41.

[9] January 20, 1763. Memorial Edition, IV, 6.

[10] July 15, 1763. _Ibid._, IV, 8.

[11] "The Commonplace Book of Thomas Jefferson." Paris, Baltimore, 1927. "The Literary Bible of Thomas Jefferson." Paris, Baltimore, 1928.

[12] To John Page, Shadwell, July 15, 1763. Memorial Edition, IV, 10.

[13] Mary Newton Stanard: "Colonial Virginia." Philadelphia, 1917, p. 306.

[14] To Peter Carr. Memorial Edition, VI, 258.

[15] "Samson Agonistes", v, 1025.

[16] See also "Commonplace Book", p. 330, and "Writings." Memorial Edition, XV, 239, March 14, 1820.

[17] "Hecuba", 592, in "Literary Bible of Thomas Jefferson."

[18] "Hecuba", 306.

[19] Bolingbroke, in "Literary Bible."

[20] Stanard, p. 240.

[21] These memoranda are in the Jefferson Coolidge Collection of the Massachusetts Historical Society.

[22] To Wirt, August 5, 1815. Memorial Edition, XIV, 335.

[23] "Autobiography." _Ibid._, I, 6.

[24] Randall, "Life of Jefferson", I, 16, _n._

[25] "Paradise Lost", 1. 4, v., 337.

[26] To John Page, February 21, 1770. Memorial Edition, IV, 17.

[27] June 9, 1770, and June 6, 1773. The diplomas are preserved in the Jefferson papers of the Library of Congress.

[28] Quoted by Stanard, p. 163.

[29] Quoted by T. N. Page, p. 147.

[30] "Autobiography", p. 10.

[31] "Autobiography." Memorial Edition, I, 11.

[32] This passage has been overlooked by Randall, and naturally by Mr. Hirst, who follows Randall very closely here as elsewhere. Hirst, p. 69. The Fairfax resolutions did not recognize the right of the British Parliament to regulate the commerce of the colony; they admitted the _expediency_ but denied the _right_ of such a procedure.

[33] George Mason, I, 393.

[34] See "Commonplace Book", 229-257.

[35] "Commonplace Book", p. 135.

[36] Stanard, p. 250.

[37] To John Randolph, Attorney-general, August 25, 1775. Memorial Edition, IV, 28.

[38] Jefferson Papers, Library of Congress.

[39] August 31, 1775.

[40] November 29, 1775. Memorial Edition, IV, 31.

[41] Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress.

[42] The full text will be found in the Ford Edition, II, 7.

[43] See "Life of G. Mason", I, Appendix.

[44] "Journals of Congress", V, 425.

[45] _Ibid._, V, 431.

[46] "Autobiography." Memorial Edition, I, 25.

[47] "Life and Correspondence of G. Mason", I, 438.

[48] To Thomas Nelson, May 16, 1776. Memorial Edition, IV, 253.

[49] "Writings", Ford, II, 41.

[50] Ford, II, 61.

[51] "Journals of Congress", July 12, V, 546 and August 20, V, 674.

[52] "Journals of Congress", October 14, 1774, I, 67.

[53] See "Commonplace Book", 107, 111 _et ff._

[54] "Journals of Congress", V., 517.

[55] August 13, 1776. Ford, II, 78.

[56] Ford, II, 91, October 11, 1776.

[57] Randall, I, 196.

[58] Ford, II, 79.

[59] Concerning the opposition he encountered, see "Autobiography." Ford, I, 54.

[60] "Autobiography", _Ibid._, I, 58.

[61] "Life and Correspondence of George Mason", I, 276.

[62] "Life and Correspondence of George Mason", I, 277.

[63] Note for the biography of John Saunderson, Esq., August 31, 1820. "Autobiography", Appendix A. Ford, I, 107.

[64] Monticello, November 1, 1778. Memorial Edition, I, 216.

[65] "Notes on Virginia", Query XVII.

[66] "Commonplace Book", p. 362.

[67] This seems to be the first draft of the document; another copy in the Jefferson Coolidge Collection presents few variants, the most important being found in the second sentence which reads, "Yet desirous of encouraging and supporting the Calvinistical Reformed Church, and of deriving" etc. The list of names appended to that second version is considerably longer and besides the original signers includes fourteen other supporters of the Reverend Charles Clay.

[68] "Autobiography." Memorial Edition, I, 73.

[69] See my edition of the Jefferson-Lafayette Correspondence, Paris and Baltimore, 1929.

[70] Jefferson to General Philips. Quoted by Randall, I, 235.

[71] See his letter dated from Paris, November 20, 1789.

[72] To Baron de Riedesel, July 4, 1779. Ford, II, 245.

[73] July 17, 1779. _Ibid._, II, 247.

[74] July 22, 1779. _Ibid._, II, 249.

[75] October 1, 1779. Ford, II, 258.

[76] October 8, 1779. _Ibid._, II, 261.

[77] _Ibid._, II, 263.

[78] To The Virginia Delegation in Congress, October 27, 1780. To Colonel Vanmeter, April 27, 1781. _Ibid._, III, 24.

[79] "A Diary kept by Th: J. from Dec. 31. 1780 to Jan. 11. 1781 and more general Notes of subsequent transactions during the British invasion." Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress.

[80] Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress.

[81] Lafayette transmitted the letter on June 26, 1781, but Jefferson did not receive it until the beginning of August. _Ibid._

[82] To E. Randolph, September 16, 1781. Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress.

[83] June 11, 1782. Randall, I, 376.

[84] The story of the publication has been told by P. L. Ford in a most scholarly edition of the "Notes on Virginia" in the "Writings" of Jefferson.

[85] June 7, 1785. Memorial Edition, V, 3.

[86] To Arch. Stuart, September 8, 1818. Ford, III, 231, _n._

[87] Iliad XXII, 389.

[88] "Domestic Life", p. 67.

[89] To Chastellux, November 26, 1782, in Randall, I, 1782.

[90] "Autobiography", Memorial Edition, I, 76.

[91] January 22, 1783. _Ibid._, IV, 215.

[92] To Madison, May 7, 1783. Ford, III, 329.

[93] This point appears even more clearly in Jefferson correspondence with Du Pont de Nemours, to appear shortly.

[94] "Report on letters from the Ministers in Paris." December 20, 1783. Ford, III, 355.

[95] Ford, III, 377.

[96] February 1, 1784. Ford, III, 393.

[97] Ford, III, p. 430.

[98] See Ford, III, 407 and 429.

[99] _Ibid._, III, 476.

[100] March, 1784. _Ibid_, III, p. 428.

[101] To George Washington, April 16, 1784. Ford, III, 466 and 470.

[102] To James Madison, February 20, 1784. _Ibid._, III, 403.

[103] To Mrs. Trist, Paris, August 18, 1785. "Domestic Life", 79.

[104] See G. Chinard, "Les Amities americaines de Madame d'Houdetot." Paris, 1923.

[105] May 24, 1785, November 12, 1785, etc. Massachusetts Historical Society.

[106] Chinard, "Trois Amities Francaises de Jefferson." Paris, 1927.

[107] Most of her letters to Jefferson are in the Jefferson Coolidge Collection of the Massachusetts Historical Society.

[108] April 6, 1785. "Domestic Life", p. 80.

[109] Diary of Martha. _Ibid._, p. 74.

[110] _Ibid._, p. 84.

[111] April 11, 1787. Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress.

[112] May 4, 1786. Memorial Edition, V, 303.

[113] _Ibid._, XVII, 153.

[114] Nismes, March 20, 1787.

[115] To J. Bannister, Junior, October 15, 1785. Memorial Edition, V, 185.

[116] To Bellini, September 30, 1785. Memorial Edition, V, 153.

[117] To Crevecoeur, January 15, 1787. Memorial Edition, VI, 53.

[118] To Carmichael, December 26, 1786.

[119] To Skipwith, July 28, 1787. Memorial Edition, VI, 187.

[120] August 10, 1787. _Ibid._, VI, 262.

[121] Jefferson to the Governor of Maryland. June 16, 1785. Memorial Edition, V, 8.

[122] To Messrs. French and Nephew. July 13, 1785. Memorial Edition, V, 34.

[123] August 15, 1785. _Ibid._, V, 68.

[124] Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress, Feb. 20, 1786.

[125] Lafayette's letter. March 18, 1786. _Ibid._

[126] To the Governor of Virginia, January 24, 1786. Memorial Edition, V, 253.

[127] To James Ross, May 8, 1786. Memorial Edition, V, 321.

[128] To James Ross, May 8, 1786. _Ibid._, V, 329.

[129] For a brief but satisfactory treatment see W. K. Woolery. "The Relation of Thomas Jefferson to American Foreign Policy, 1783-1793." Baltimore, 1927.

[130] Letter to Lafayette, July 17, 1786. Library of Congress.

[131] July 9, 1786. Memorial Edition, V, 357.

[132] To Washington, August 14, 1787. Memorial Edition, VI, 277.

[133] _Ibid._, VII, 478.

[134] July 30, 1785. Memorial Edition, V, 45.

[135] To Jay, August 14,1785. Memorial Edition, V, 65.

[136] To John Jay, April 23, 1786. _Ibid._, V, 300.

[137] To T. Pleasants, May 8, 1786. _Ibid._, V, 324.

[138] To Jay, September 26, 1786. _Ibid._, V, 426.

[139] To Jay, September 26, 1786. Memorial Edition, V, 426; to Adams, July 17, 1787. _Ibid._, VI, 173; to James Madison, August 2, 1787. _Ibid._, VI, 215.

[140] To J. Adams, July 17, 1787. Memorial Edition, VI, 173.

[141] To John Jay, August 6, 1787. _Ibid._, VI, 248.

[142] December 21, 1787. Memorial Edition, VI, 394.

[143] To Dumas, February 12, 1788. _Ibid._, VI, 429.

[144] To Adams, February 6, 1787. _Ibid._, VI, 419. To The Commissioners of the Treasury, Feb. 7, 1788. _Ibid._, VI, 421.

[145] March 16, 1788. Memorial Edition, VI, 438.

[146] To the Commissioners of the Treasury, March 29, 1788. _Ibid._, VI, 433.

[147] _Ibid._, VI, 447 and 445.

[148] To the Honorable, The Board of the Treasury, May 16, 1788. Memorial Edition, VII, 9.

[149] To John Jay, May 23, 1788. _Ibid._, VII, 22; To the Commissioners of the Treasury, September 6, 1788. _Ibid._, VII, 136.

[150] To James Madison, November 18, 1788. _Ibid._, VII, 186.

[151] To John Jay, March 12, 1788. Memorial Edition, VII, 296.

[152] To John Jay, May 9, 1788. _Ibid._, VII, 345.

[153] To John Jay, September 19, 1789. Memorial Edition, VII, 471.

[154] To John Langdon, September 11, 1785. Memorial Edition, V, 129.

[155] To John Adams, February 23, 1787. Memorial Edition, VI, 97.

[156] To James Madison, June 20, 1787. _Ibid._, VI, 132.

[157] August 4, 1787. Memorial Edition, VI, 227.

[158] September 10, 1787. _Ibid._, VI, 295.

[159] To John Adams, November 13, 1787. Memorial Edition, VI, 370. See also letter to Colonel Smith, written the same day. _Ibid._, VI, 372.

[160] December 11, 1787. _Ibid._, VI, 380.

[161] December 20, 1787. Memorial Edition, VI, 393.

[162] To Donald, February 7, 1787. Memorial Edition, VI, 425.

[163] To Carmichael and to Colonel Carrington, May 27, 1787. _Ibid._, VII, 27, 29.

[164] To Carmichael, August 12, 1787. _Ibid._, VII, 124; to James Madison, November 18, 1788, _Ibid._, VII, 183; to General Washington, December 4, 1788, _Ibid._, VII, 223.

[165] To Colonel Humphreys, March 18, 1789. Memorial Edition, VII, 324.

[166] Jefferson to Monroe, May 10, 1786. Memorial Edition, V, 327.

[167] To Major General Greene, January 12, 1786. _Ibid._, V, 246.

[168] "Autobiography", _Ibid._, I, 97 and July 11, 1786, _Ibid._, V, 364.

[169] See my edition of the Jefferson Lafayette correspondence, chapter II. Paris, Baltimore, 1929.

[170] "Memoirs", II, 148.

[171] To John Jay, August 14, 1785. Memorial Edition, V, 63.

[172] To Baron Geismer, September 6, 1785. Memorial Edition, V, 128.

[173] To John Langdon, September 11, 1785. _Ibid._, V, 131.

[174] To Count Hogendorp, October 13, 1785. _Ibid._, V, 182.

[175] To John Page, May 4, 1786. Memorial Edition, V, 306.

[176] To Dumas, May 6, 1786. _Ibid._, V, 309.

[177] To John Jay, May 4, 1787. Memorial Edition, VI, 119.

[178] To Carmichael, May 27, 1788. Memorial Edition, VII, 27.

[179] To Count Hagendorf, October 13, 1785. Memorial Edition, V, 181.

[180] November 12, 1785. Memorial Edition, V, 202.

[181] December 21, 1787, Memorial Edition, VI, 396; see also letter to John Jay, May 4, 1787. _Ibid._, VI, 122.

[182] See "Les Amities Francaises de Madame d'Houdetot." Paris, 1925.

[183] To Mrs. Trist. Paris, August 18, 1785. "Domestic Life", p. 79.

[184] To James Monroe, April 15, 1785. Ford, IV, 59.

[185] To Abigail Adams, June 21, 1785. _Ibid._, IV, 59.

[186] To Mrs. Adams, July 7, 1785. Ford, IV, 68.

[187] To George Wythe, August 13, 1786. _Ibid._, IV, 268-269.

[188] To Mrs. Maria Cosway, October 12, 1786. Ford, IV, 323.

[189] November, 1786. _Ibid._, IV, 328.

[190] To Edward Carrington. January 16, 1787. _Ibid._, IV, 357.

[191] To J. Jay, January 9, 1787. Memorial Edition, VI, 45.

[192] January 16, 1787. Memorial Edition, VI, 56.

[193] February 23, 1787. _Ibid._, VI, 99.

[194] February 28, 1787. Memorial Edition, VI, 101.

[195] March 20, 1787. Memorial Edition, VI, 105.

[196] To James Madison, June 20, 1787. _Ibid._, VI, 134.

[197] August 5, 1787, Memorial Edition. VI, 235.

[198] _Ibid._, VI, 247.

[199] To Washington, August 14, 1787. _Ibid._, VI, 276.

[200] August 14, 1787. _Ibid._, VI, 279.

[201] To John Adams, August 30, 1787. Memorial Edition, VI, 287.

[202] October 8, 1787. _Ibid._, VI, 338.

[203] To William Rutledge, February 2, 1788. _Ibid._, VI. 417.

[204] To De Moustier, May 17, 1788. Memorial Edition, VII, 13.

[205] July 18, 1788. _Ibid._, VII, 81.

[206] July 24, 1788. Memorial Edition, VII, 87.

[207] To Colonel Monroe, August 9, 1788. _Ibid._, VII, 113.

[208] August 12, 1788. _Ibid._, VII, 124.

[209] To Cutting, August 23, 1788. _Ibid._, VII, 131.

[210] To Short, November 2, 1788. Memorial Edition, VII, 159.

[211] To Washington, December 4, 1788. _Ibid._, VII, 228.

[212] To Doctor Currie, December 20, 1788. _Ibid._, VII, 259.

[213] To Shippen, March 11, 1789. _Ibid._, VII, 291.

[214] March 17, 1789. Memorial Edition, VII, 317.

[215] _Ibid._, VII, 321.

[216] To Lafayette, May 6, 1788. Memorial Edition, VII, 334. To Carmichael, May 8, 1788. _Ibid._, VII, 337.

[217] To John Jay, May 9, 1789. _Ibid._, VII, 345.

[218] To Crevecoeur, May 20, 1789. Memorial Edition, VII, 368.

[219] To Madison, June 18,1789. Memorial Edition, VII, 386.

[220] To John Jay, June 24-25, 1789. Memorial Edition, VII, 395.

[221] _Ibid._, VII, 268.

[222] "Letters of Lafayette and Jefferson." Paris, Baltimore, 1929.

[223] Memorial Edition, VIII, 454.

[224] To J. Jay, July 19, 1789. Memorial Edition, VII, 409 and to James Madison July 22. _Ibid._, VII, 424.

[225] Manuscript. Library of Congress, July 20, 1789.

[226] Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress, probably August, 1789.

[227] September 20, 1789. Memorial Edition, VII, 474.

[228] "Autobiography", I, 156.

[229] To M. l'Abbe Arnoud, Paris, July 19, 1789. Memorial Edition, VII, 422.

[230] To Madison, August 28, 1789. Memorial Edition, VII, 448.

[231] To John Jay, September 19, 1789. _Ibid._, VII, 467.

[232] To James Madison, January 30, 1787. Memorial Edition, VI, 70.

[233] To James Madison, August 28, 1789. Memorial Edition, VII, 448.

[234] "Trois amities francaises de Jefferson", p. 188.

[235] Madison to Washington. January 4, 1790.

[236] Washington to Jefferson. January 21.

[237] "Autobiography", p. 161.

[238] "Trois amities francaises de Jefferson", p. 195. February 28, 1790.

[239] "Autobiography." Memorial Edition, I, 103.

[240] Memorial Edition, I, 274.

[241] March 28, 1790. Memorial Edition, VIII, 9.

[242] June 13, 1790. _Ibid._, VIII, 36.

[243] June 20, 1790. Memorial Edition, VIII, 43.

[244] June 23, 1790. Memorial Edition, VIII, 47.

[245] To Gilmer, June 27, 1790. _Ibid._, VIII, 53.

[246] _Ibid._, VIII, 63.

[247] November 26, 1790. Memorial Edition, VIII, 107.

[248] December 3, 1790. _Ibid._, VIII, 109.

[249] February 4, 1791. Memorial Edition, VIII, 123.

[250] "Writings", VI, 19-43.

[251] To the President of the United States. Memorial Edition, VIII, 192. May 8, 1791.

[252] Memorial Edition, VIII, 208.

[253] _Ibid._, VIII, 223.

[254] Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress, January 2, 1793.

[255] August 24, 1791. Memorial Edition, VIII, 229.

[256] August 30, 1791. Memorial Edition, VIII, 241.

[257] To John Adams, August 30, 1791. _Ibid._, VIII, 245.

[258] December 23, 1791. Memorial Edition, VIII, 275.

[259] March 1, 1792. Memorial Edition, I, 292, "Anas."

[260] May 23, 1792. Memorial Edition, VIII, 341.

[261] September 9, 1792. Memorial Edition, VIII, 408.

[262] To Thomas Pinckney, December 3, 1792. Memorial Edition, VIII, 443.

[263] To Doctor George Gilmer, December 15, 1792. _Ibid._, VIII, 444.

[264] _Ibid._, VIII, 445.

[265] April 6, 1790. Memorial Edition, VIII, 19.

[266] April 2. Memorial Edition, VIII, 11.

[267] July 26, 1790. Memorial Edition, VIII, 65.

[268] To Carmichael, August 2, 1790. Memorial Edition, VIII, 70.

[269] To Short, August 10, 1790. Memorial Edition, VIII, 79.

[270] To Gouverneur Morris, August 12, 1790. _Ibid._, VIII, 85.

[271] To Colonel Mason, February 4, 1791. Memorial Edition, VIII, 123.

[272] To the President of the National Assembly, March 8, 1791. Memorial Edition, VIII, 37.

[273] To W. Short, April 25, 1791. _Ibid._, VIII, 185.

[274] See also my edition of the "Letters of Lafayette and Jefferson", chapter III. Paris, Baltimore, 1929.

[275] To W. Short, July 28, 1791. Memorial Edition, VIII, 217.

[276] July 30, 1791. _Ibid._, VIII, 225.

[277] To Edward Rutledge, August 25, 1791. _Ibid._, VIII, 234.

[278] To Short, November 24, 1791. Memorial Edition, VIII, 261.

[279] To Short, January 28, 1792. _Ibid._, VIII, 297.

[280] March 10, 1792. _Ibid._, VIII, 311.

[281] To Lafayette, June 16, 1792. Memorial Edition, VIII, 381.

[282] November 7, 1792. _Ibid._, VIII, 437.

[283] November 20, 1792. Memorial Edition, VIII, 441.

[284] January 3, 1793. Memorial Edition, IX, 9.

[285] To G. Morris, March 12, 1793. Memorial Edition, IX, 37.

[286] To ----, March 18, 1793. _Ibid._, IX, 45.

[287] "Anas", February 20, 1793.

[288] To Messrs. Carmichael and Short, March 23, 1793. Memorial Edition, IX, 55.

[289] March 21, 1793. Memorial Edition, IX, 49.

[290] To C. W. Dumas, March 23, 1793. _Ibid._, IX, 57.

[291] To E. P. Van Berckel, April 23, 1793. To Morris, Pinckney and Short, April 26, 1793. Memorial Edition, IX, 68-69.

[292] April 27, 1793. _Ibid._, IX, 70.

[293] May 5, 1793. _Ibid._, IX, 75.

[294] May 7, 1793. _Ibid._, IX, 79.

[295] To Ternant, May 3, 1793. Memorial Edition, IX, 74.

[296] May 15, 1793. _Ibid._, IX, 89.

[297] May 19, 1793. Memorial Edition, IX, 98.

[298] June 6, 1789. _Ibid._, IX, 115.

[299] June 13, 1789. Memorial Edition, IX, 123.

[300] Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress, June 24, 1793.

[301] _Ibid._ Library of Congress, June 27, 1793 and Writings of J. Monroe, I, 261.

[302] To J. Madison, July 7, 1793. Ford, VII, 436.

[303] To James Madison, August 25, 1793. Memorial Edition, IX, 211.

[304] To Madison, September 1, 1793. _Ibid._, IX, 211.

[305] Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress, 15832.

[306] December 31, 1793. Memorial Edition, IX, 277.

[307] December 13, 1793. _Ibid._, IX, 279.

[308] Angelica Church to Jefferson, August 19, 1793. Chinard, "Trois Amities Francaises", p. 155.

[309] Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress, February, 1794.

[310] "Amities francaises", p. 161.

[311] February 3, 1794. Memorial Edition, IX, 279.

[312] Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress, February 15, 1794.

[313] December 16, 1793. Memorial Edition, III, 261-283.

[314] Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress, March 3, and March 11, 1794.

[315] April 3, 1794. Memorial Edition, IX, 281 and Manuscript Library of Congress, March 16.

[316] April 24, 1794. Jefferson Papers, Library of Congress.

[317] May 1, 1794. Memorial Edition, IX, 285.

[318] May 14, 1794. Memorial Edition, IX, 287.

[319] September 7, 1794. _Ibid._, IX, 291.

[320] December 28, 1794. Memorial Edition, IX, 293.

[321] April 27, 1795. _Ibid._, IX, 301.

[322] April 27. _Ibid._, IX, 305.

[323] See S. F. Bemis. "Jay's Treaty." New York, 1923.

[324] August 30, 1795. Memorial Edition, IX, 307.

[325] September 21, 1795. _Ibid._, IX, 309.

[326] November 30, 1795. Memorial Edition, IX, 313.

[327] March 21, 1796. Memorial Edition, IX, 329.

[328] January 16, 1796. _Ibid._, IX, 319.

[329] To James Madison, March 6, 1796. _Ibid._, IX, 323.

[330] March 19, 1796. Memorial Edition, IX, 326.

[331] To James Madison, March 27, 1796. _Ibid._, IX, 330.

[332] April 9, 1790. Memorial Edition, IX, 334.

[333] April 24, 1796. Memorial Edition, IX, 335.

[334] June 19, 1796. _Ibid._, IX, 339.

[335] To Jonathan Williams, July 3, 1796. Memorial Edition, IX, 347.

[336] December 17, 1796. Memorial Edition, IX, 351.

[337] To Rutledge, December 27, 1796. Memorial Edition, IX, 353.

[338] To Madison, January 1, 1797. Memorial Edition, IX, 357.

[339] James Madison to Jefferson, January 15, 1797. "Works", VI, 303.

[340] January 22, 1797. Memorial Edition, IX, 370.

[341] April 9, 1797. _Ibid._, IX, 380.

[342] June 24, 1797. Memorial Edition, IX, 408.

[343] May 29, 1797. Memorial Edition, IX, 389.

[344] June 15, 1797. To James Madison, Memorial Edition, IX, 397.

[345] June 17, 1797. Memorial Edition, IX, 400.

[346] June 21, 1797. _Ibid._, IX, 405.

[347] To Colonel A. Campbell, September 1, 1797. Memorial Edition, IX, 419.

[348] June 24, 1797. Memorial Edition, IX, 409.

[349] January 3, 1798. _Ibid._, IX, 431.

[350] February 22, 1798. Memorial Edition, IX, 444.

[351] March 15, 1798. _Ibid._, X, 6.

[352] March 21, 1798. Memorial Edition, X, 9.

[353] To Madison, March 29, 1798. _Ibid._, X, 17.

[354] March 27, 1798.

[355] To Madison, April 12, 1798. Memorial Edition, X, 27.

[356] April 12, 1798. _Ibid._, X, 28.

[357] April 12, 1798. Memorial Edition, X, 29.

[358] To Madison, April 26, 1798. _Ibid._, X, 31.

[359] See Chinard, "Volney et l'Amerique." Paris, Baltimore, 1923.

[360] To Madison, April 26, 1798. Memorial Edition, X, 33.

[361] To Madison, May 31, 1798. Memorial Edition, X, 43.

[362] To John Taylor, June 1, 1798. Memorial Edition, X, 45.

[363] To Madison, June 21, 1798. Memorial Edition, X, 49-53.

[364] August 22, 1798. Memorial Edition, X, 61.

[365] October 11, 1798. _Ibid._, X, 62.

[366] To Madison, November 17, 1798. Memorial Edition, X, 62.

[367] December 11, 1821. _Ibid._, XV, 351.

[368] See pp. 80-82.

[369] November 17. Memorial Edition, X, 63.

[370] November 26, 1798. _Ibid._, X, 63.

[371] To James Madison, January 3, 1799. Memorial Edition, X, 67.

[372] Madison to Jefferson, June 26, 1799. Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress.

[373] January 16, 1799. Memorial Edition, X, 69.

[374] To Elbridge Gerry, January 26, 1799. Memorial Edition, X, 77-78.

[375] January 29, 1799, Memorial Edition, X, 87 and Jefferson Papers, Library of Congress, February 14, 1799.

[376] To Madison, February 5, 1799. Memorial Edition, X, 95.

[377] John Ogden to Jefferson, February 7, 1799. Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress.

[378] February 11, 1799. _Ibid._

[379] To Madison, February 19, 1799. Memorial Edition, X, 111.

[380] To Bishop James Madison, February 27, 1799. _Ibid._, X, 122.

[381] Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress, February 26, 1799.

[382] Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress. To Bishop Madison, March 12, 1799.

[383] _Ibid._ Callender to Jefferson, August 10, 1799. From Richmond.

[384] _Ibid._ Marked received December 11, undated.

[385] August 18, 1799. Memorial Edition, X, 125.

[386] Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress. To Callender, undated, unsigned.

[387] To Madison, November 22, 1799. Memorial Edition, X, 133.

[388] January 12, 1800. Memorial Edition, X, 136.

[389] Priestley's answer, never hitherto published, will be found in my volume on "Jefferson and the Physiocrats."

[390] March 14, 1800. Memorial Edition, X, 110.

[391] Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress, February 11, 1800.

[392] To Henry Innis, January 23. Memorial Edition, X, 143.

[393] To T. M. Randolph, February 2, 1800. _Ibid._, X, 151.

[394] February 26, 1800. Memorial Edition, X, 153.

[395] To Madison, March 8, 1800. _Ibid._, X, 157-159.

[396] To P. N. Nicholas, April 7, 1800. Memorial Edition, X, 163.

[397] Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress. Callender to Jefferson, February 10 and March 15, 1800.

[398] March 18, 1800. Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress.

[399] _Ibid._

[400] April 30, 1800. Memorial Edition, X, 163.

[401] Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress, May 26, 1800.

[402] _Ibid._, August 14, 1800.

[403] March 14, 1800. Memorial Edition, X, 160.

[404] Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress, Benjamin Rush to Jefferson, August 22, 1800.

[405] September 23, 1800. Memorial Edition, X, 173.

[406] December 14, 1800. Memorial Edition, X, 176.

[407] December 18, 1800. Memorial Edition, X, 183.

[408] Memorial Edition, X, 188.

[409] January 10, 1800. _Ibid._, X, 188.

[410] February 3. Memorial Edition, X, 197.

[411] February 15, 1801. Memorial Edition, X, 201.

[412] February 18, 1801. Memorial Edition, X, 203.

[413] _Ibid._, X, 206.

[414] To Thomas Lomax, February 25, 1801. Memorial Edition, X, 211.

[415] To Thomas Lomax, February 25, 1801. Memorial Edition, X, 210.

[416] March 7, 1801. Memorial Edition, X, 218.

[417] To Doctor Benjamin Rush, March 24, 1801. _Ibid._, X, 241.

[418] To Elias Shipman and others, July 12, 1801.

[419] June 13, 1804. Memorial Edition, XI, 28.

[420] A. J. Beveridge: "Life of Marshall", II, 51-53 and Appendix.

[421] "Life of Marshall", II, 51-222; McMaster, "History of the People of the United States", Vol. III.

[422] To Elbridge Gerry, March 20, 1801. Memorial Edition, X, 251.

[423] To the Attorney-general, January 1, 1802. _Ibid._, X, 305.

[424] July 18, 1804. _Ibid._, XI, 38.

[425] Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress, June 13, 1800.

[426] To W. Short, October 3, 1801. Memorial Edition, X, 288.

[427] November 24, 1801. _Ibid._, X, 294.

[428] "Volney et L'Amerique." Paris and Baltimore, 1923.

[429] King to the Secretary of State, January 1, 1802.

[430] Jefferson Papers, Library of Congress, April 21, 1802.

[431] Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress, April 25, 1802.

[432] May 12, 1802. Manuscript, Library of Congress.

[433] Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress. Du Pont de Nemours to Jefferson, October 4, 1802.

[434] Annals of Congress, p. 1059.

[435] _Ibid._, p. 286.

[436] Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress, marked received December 31.

[437] Annals of Congress. Appendix, p. 1065.

[438] Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress, February 1, 1803.

[439] To James Madison, January 24, 1803. Annals of Congress, p. 1066.

[440] To the Secretary of State, March 24, 1803. _Ibid._, p. 1083.

[441] To Madison, March 3, 1803. _Ibid._, p. 1083.

[442] March 2, 1803. Annals of Congress, p. 1098.

[443] King to Livingston, May 7, 1803. _Ibid._, p. 1803.

[444] Annals of Congress, p. 1167.

[445] July 11, 1803. Memorial Edition, X, 402.

[446] Memorial Edition, X, 424.

[447] Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress, January 19, 1804.

[448] July 4, 1803. Memorial Edition, X, 398.

[449] July 12, 1803. _Ibid._, X, 404.

[450] To Madison, August 25, 1803. Memorial Edition, X, 412.

[451] To James Madison, August 15, 1804. Memorial Edition, XI, 45.

[452] "Anas", January 26, 1804.

[453] To W. B. Giles, April 20, 1807. Memorial Edition, XI, 187.

[454] To Gideon Granger, March 9, 1814. Memorial Edition, XIV, 113.

[455] To Lafayette, July 14, 1807. _Ibid._, XI, 277.

[456] To William B. Giles, April 20, 1807. Memorial Edition, XI, 187.

[457] To George Hay, September 4, 1807. _Ibid._, XI, 360.

[458] October 27, 1808. Memorial Edition, XII, 183.

[459] Memorial Edition, X, 399.

[460] H. Adams, II, 257.

[461] To James Madison, August 27, 1805. Memorial Edition, XI, 86.

[462] April 19, 1806. Memorial Edition, XI, 103.

[463] To Colonel James Monroe, May 4, 1806. Memorial Edition, XI, 106.

[464] Turreau to Talleyrand, December 12, 1806, in H. Adams, III, 424.

[465] To Monroe, March 21, 1807. Memorial Edition, XI, 167.

[466] June 29, 1807. Memorial Edition, XI, 256.

[467] July 6, 1807. _Ibid._, XI, 258.

[468] See particularly his letters to Cabell, August 11, 1807, and to Dearborn, August 28. Memorial Edition, XI, 318, 342.

[469] To John Page, July 17, 1807. Memorial Edition, XI, 285.

[470] November 22, 1807. _Ibid._, XI, 397.

[471] Memorial Edition, XI, 401. This may be simply a draft of the message written on a sheet of paper which happened to bear the name of General Mason. See Henry Adams, IV, 168.

[472] A. J. Nock, "Jefferson", p. 266. New York, 1926.

[473] To John Taylor, January 6, 1808. Memorial Edition, XI, 413.

[474] March 30, 1808. Memorial Edition, XI, 23.

[475] To Governor Charles Pinckney. November 8, 1808. _Ibid._, XII, 190.

[476] Henry Adams, IV, chapter XII, "The Cost of Embargo."

[477] Henry Adams, IV, 277.

[478] Walter W. Jennings, "A History of economic progress in the United States", p. 160, New York, 1926.

[479] To Doctor George Logan, December 27, 1808. Memorial Edition, XII, 219.

[480] January 14, 1809. _Ibid._, XII, 227.

[481] To Thomas Mann Randolph, February 7, 1809. _Ibid._, XII, 248.

[482] March 8, 1809. Memorial Edition, XII, 264.

[483] March 17, 1809. _Ibid._, XII, 266.

[484] Memorial Edition, XII, 267.

[485] February 10, 1810. Memorial Edition, XII, 357.

[486] To J. B. Colvin. September 20, 1810. _Ibid._, XII, 422; see also letter to Caesar Rodney, September 25. _Ibid._, XII, 426.

[487] To Madison, April 27, 1809. Memorial Edition, XII, 275.

[488] To Madison, April 19, 1809. Memorial Edition, XII, 271.

[489] June 28, 1809. _Ibid._, XII, 293.