Chapter IV: M. Courtin, Chief of Dacca (2)

"The Raja of Dinajpur did not fail to be embarrassed by
the favour which he had shown to us. Fear was the only
motive which influenced him. He sent word to me to
depart by night under an escort of 200 of his people, who
would conduct me to Murshidabad. I was very nearly
accepting his suggestion, but the hunger and thirst, from
which we suffered greatly, prevented me. So I postponed
giving him a final answer till the next morning, and
then, after full reflection, decided not to move from the
place to which. I had been conducted until I received an
answer to the letters sent to Murshidabad. I thought this
all the wiser, as I was informed that nothing would induce
my enemies to approach or attack me in my asylum.[160] The
place was so retired and so well provided with storehouses,
that I found there a greater appearance of security than in
the open country or the escort offered by the Raja, as his
men were subordinate to the same Prince as the people who
composed the army of Sheikh Faiz Ulla, and were likely
enough to abandon me or to join my enemies in overwhelming
me. My conjectures were well founded, as, several days
after, this same Raja, prompted by Sheikh Faiz Ulla, sent
me word that he could not answer for what might happen to
me if I were attacked; that his troops, being subject to
Murshidabad like those of Kasim All Khan, could not
support me, nor fire on the latter. Finally he sent a certain
priest of his faith, a grave man, who came to suggest to us
that our best course was to leave Dinajpur and gain the
open country, otherwise we were lost. He said that he
knew for certain that if I were so obstinate as to persist in
wishing to remain there, orders had been given to attack us,
cut our throats, and send our heads to Murshidabad. This
person wished to terrify us so as to rid the Raja of us, as he
was dying with fright lest war should be made in the very
heart of his town. I replied that I was resolved to defend
myself against any one who attacked me, to set fire to
everything I found within my reach, to kill as many people
as I could, and to die on my guns when I had used up all
my ammunition; that this was also the intention of my companions,
who preferred to die thus, like brave men, rather than
to be exposed to the ignominies and indignities that we should
undergo if we allowed ourselves to be made prisoners by the
people of Kasim All Khan. The timid Raja, threatened by
both parties, found himself in the utmost embarrassment, for
Sheikh Faiz Ulla, at the gates of his town, put, as it were,
his country under contribution, and demanded from him,
with all imaginable insolence, that he should deliver us up
to him, a thing which the Raja found difficult to do.

"Some days passed in this way, during which we had
frequent alarms, but the letters I received from Murshidabad
filled every one with perplexity. The English sent me
people on their own account. One of my private friends,[161]
whom I had been so fortunate as to oblige on a similar
occasion, wrote me not to trouble myself about my boats or
my effects, but to come at once to him, and he would see
that they restored or paid for my property, and that they
gave me all that I might need. The orders received by
Sheikh Faiz Ulla and the Raja at the same time, ordered the
one to leave me in peace and the other to furnish me with
everything I wanted. This put my mind in a condition of
serenity to which it had long been a stranger, and threw my
enemies into much confusion. They proposed that I should
resume possession of my boats. I knew, with absolute
certainty, that they had been half looted, still I accepted
them on condition they were brought to Dinajpur. They
did not wish, to do this; but next morning after reflection
they consented, when, in my turn, I declined, and asked only
for provisions and other things necessary for my journey.
This they had the harshness to refuse, doubtless because they
thought that I, being destitute of everything, would have to
go down by whatever route they pleased. I would not
trust them in anything, fearing treachery.

"At last, without linen, without clothes, except what we
had on our bodies, on the 1st of March, the seventeenth day
after our retreat[162] we set out with our arms and our two
Swedish guns to go to Murshidabad to the English, from
whom I had demanded the honours of war."

We learn from the correspondence between
Mr. Scrafton and Clive, that Drake, the cowardly
Governor of Calcutta, very naturally could not
understand what was meant by this claim to the
honours of war.[163]

"My guns were conducted by land by a small detachment, the command of which I gave to M. Chevalier, and we embarked on some small boats belonging to the Raja, in which we had hardly room to move.

"I was not yet at the end of my troubles, for on the 3rd of March, after dinner, as I was getting back into my boat, one of the boatmen, wishing to put down a gun, managed to let it off, and sent a bullet through my left shoulder. It passed through the clavicle between the sinew and the bone. Luckily the blow was broken by a button which the bullet first struck; still it passed almost completely through the shoulder and lodged under the skin, which had to be opened behind the shoulder to extract it and also the wad. However unfortunate this wound was, I ought to be very thankful to God that it was so safely directed, and for the further good fortune of finding with one of my people sufficient ointment for the surgeon, who was quite destitute of all necessaries, to dress my shoulder until the ninth day after, when we arrived at Murshidabad.[164] This wound caused me much suffering for the first few days, but, thanks to the Lord, in thirty-two or thirty-three days it was quite healed and without any bad effects.

"We rested ourselves from our fatigue till the 20th at my friend's house, when, with his concurrence and in response to their offers, I went to the Dutch gentlemen at Cossimbazar, where M. Vernet, their chief and an old friend of mine, received us with the greatest kindness. It is from their Settlement that I write to thee, my dear wife. Until the ships sail for England I shall continue to write daily, and tell thee everything that is of interest.[165]

"August 10, 1758.

"My dear wife, I resume my narrative to tell thee that my boats have been restored by the English, as well as all the goods that had not been plundered by Sheikh Faiz Ulla and his people, except the munitions of war. Still, so much of the merchandise, goods and silver, has disappeared that I am ruined for ever, unless the English, who have promised to cause everything to be restored, are able to make the Moors give them up. The English have at length decided on our fate in a way altogether honourable to us. We are not prisoners of war, and so we are not subject to exchange; but we are bound by certain conditions, which they think necessary to their security, and which only do me honour. What has flattered me even more is that the two Swedish guns which I had with me on my campaign have actually been given to me as a present by the commander of the English troops, who is also Governor of Calcutta, with the most complimentary expressions."

Courtin had written to Clive, asking permission to go down to Pondicherry. Clive replied on the 15th of July, 1758, granting permission. His letter concludes:--

"I am at this moment sending an order to the Captain
Commandant of our troops to restore to you your two guns.
I am charmed at this opportunity of showing you my
appreciation of the way in which you have always behaved
to the English, and my own regard for your merit."[166]

Courtin continues:--

"Saved from so many perils and sufficiently fortunate
to have won such sensible marks of distinction from our
enemies, ought not this, my dear wife, to make me hope that
the gentlemen of the French Company will do their utmost
to procure me some military honour, in order to prove to the
English that my nation is as ready as theirs to recognize my
services?[167]

"Now, my dear wife, I must end this letter so that it
may be ready for despatch. For fear of its being lost I will
send in the packet another letter for thee.

"Do not disquiet thyself regarding my health. Thanks
to God I am now actually pretty well. I dare not talk to
thee of the possibility of our meeting. Circumstances are
not favourable for thee to make another voyage to the Indies.
That must depend upon events, thy health, peace, and
wishes, which, in spite of my tender longing for thee, will
always be my guide.

"If the event of war has not been doubly disastrous to
me, thou shouldst have received some small remittances,
which I have sent, and of which I have advised thee in
duplicate and triplicate. If the decrees of the Lord, after
my having endured so many misfortunes and sufferings, have
also ordained my death before I am in a position to provide
what concerns thee, have I not a right to hope that all my
friends will use their influence to induce the Company not
to abandon one who will be the widow of two men who have
served it well, and with all imaginable disinterestedness?

"For the rest I repeat that, thanks to God, I am fairly well.

"I kiss thee, etc., etc."

One would be glad to be assured that Courtin re-established his fortune. If he is, as I suppose, the Jacques Ignace Courtin, who was afterwards _Conseiller au Conseil des Indes_, we may be satisfied he did so; but French East India Company Records are a hopeless chaos at the present moment, and all that one can extract from the English Records is evidence of still further suffering.

From Murshidabad or Cossimbazar, Courtin went down to Chandernagore, whence the majority of the French inhabitants had already been sent to the Madras Coast. The Fort had been blown up, and the private houses were under sentence of destruction, for the English had determined to destroy the town, partly in revenge for the behaviour of Lally, who, acting under instructions from the French East India Company, had shown great severity to the English in Southern India, partly because they did not think themselves strong enough to garrison Chandernagore as well as Calcutta, and feared the Moors would occupy it if they did not place troops there, and partly because they dreaded its restoration to France--which actually happened--when peace was made. At any rate Courtin found the remnants of his countrymen in despair, and in 1759 he wrote a letter[168] to Clive and the Council of Calcutta, from which I quote one or two paragraphs:--

"With the most bitter grief I have received advice of
the sentence you have passed on the French Settlement
at Chandernagore, by which all the buildings, as well of
the Company as of private persons, are to be utterly
demolished.

"Humane and compassionate as you are, Sirs, you would
be sensibly affected--were your eyes witnesses to it as mine
have been--by the distress to which this order has reduced
the hearts of those unhappy inhabitants who remain in that
unfortunate place, particularly if you knew that there is
nothing left to the majority of them beyond these houses, on
whose destruction you have resolved. If I may believe
what I hear, the motive which incites you is that of reprisal
for what has happened at Cuddalore and Madras: it does
not become me to criticize either the conduct of M. Lally,
our general, who, by all accounts, is a man very much to be
respected by me, or your reasons, which you suppose sufficient.
Granting the latter to be so, permit me, Sirs, to
address myself to your generosity and humanity, and those
admirable qualities, so universally esteemed by mankind,
will encourage me to take the liberty to make certain representations.

"All upbraidings are odious, and nothing is more just
than the French proverb which says, to remind a person of
favours done him cancels the obligation. God forbid, Sirs,
I should be guilty of this to you or your nation by reminding
you for a moment, that these houses, now condemned by
you, served you as an asylum in 1756, and that the owners,
whom you are now reducing to the greatest distress and are
plunging into despair, assisted you to the utmost of their
power, and alleviated your misfortunes as much as they were
able. But what am I saying? Your nation is too polished to
need reminding of what is just. Therefore excuse my saying
that this reason alone is sufficient to cancel the law of
retaliation which you have resolved to execute, and to make
you revoke an order which, I am sure, you could not have
given without much uneasiness of mind. I cast myself at
your feet, imploring, with the most ardent prayers, that
compassion, which I flatter myself I perceive in your hearts,
for these poor creatures, whom you cannot without remorse
render miserable. If you really, Sirs, think I too have had
the happiness to be of some use to you and your nation,
whilst Chief at Dacca, and that I have rendered you some
services, I only beg that you would recollect them for one
moment, and let them induce you to grant the favour I
request for my poor countrymen. I shall then regard it as
the most happy incident in my life, and shall think myself
ten thousand times more indebted to you.

"If, Sirs, you have absolutely imperative reasons for
reprisal, change, if you please, the object of them. I offer
myself a willing victim, if there must be one, and, if blood
were necessary, I should think myself too happy to offer
mine a sacrifice. But as these barbarous methods are not
made use of in nations so civilized as ours, I have one last
offer to make, which is to ransom and buy all the private
houses at Chandernagore, for which I will enter into whatever
engagements you please, and will give you the best
security in my power."

The last words seem to imply that Courtin had recovered his property, at least to a great extent; but his pathetic appeal was useless in face of national necessities, and so far was Chandernagore desolated that, in November of the same year, we read that the English army, under Colonel Forde, was ambushed by the Dutch garrison of Chinsurah "amongst the buildings and ruins of Chandernagore."

From Chandernagore Courtin went to Pondicherry, where he became a member of the Superior Council. He was one of the chiefs of the faction opposed to Lally, who contemptuously mentions a printed "Memorial" of his adventures which Courtin prepared, probably for presentation to the Directors of the French East India Company.[169] When, in January, 1761, Lally determined to capitulate, Courtin was sent to the English commander on the part of the Council. Still later we find his name attached to a petition, dated August 3, 1762, presented to the King against Lally.[170] This shows that Courtin had arrived in France, so that his elevation to the Council of the Company is by no means improbable.

To any one who has lived long in India it seems unnatural that in old days the small colonies of Europeans settled there should have been incited to mutual conflict and mutual ruin, owing to quarrels which originated in far-off Europe, and _which were decided without any reference to the wishes or interests of Europeans living in the colonies_. The British Settlements alone have successfully survived the struggle. The least we can do is to acknowledge the merits, whilst we commiserate the sufferings, of those other gallant men who strove their best to win the great prize for their own countrymen. Of the French especially it would appear that their writers have noticed only those like Dupleix, Bussy, and Lally, who commanded armies in glorious campaigns that somehow always ended to the advantage of the British, and have utterly forgotten the civilians who really kept the game going, and who would have been twice as formidable to their enemies if the military had been subordinate to them. The curse of the French East India Company was Militarism, whilst fortunately for the English our greatest military hero in India, Lord Clive, was so clear-minded that he could write:--

"I have the liberty of an Englishman so strongly implanted
in my nature, that I would have the Civil all in all,
in all times and in all places, cases of immediate danger
excepted."

How much might have been achieved by men like Renault, Law, and Courtin, if they had had an adequate military force at their disposal! They saw, as clearly as did the English, that Bengal was the heart of India, and they saw the English denude Madras of troops to defend Bengal, whilst they themselves were left by the French commanders in a state of hopeless impotence. On the other hand, owing to the English Company's insistence that military domination should be the exception and not the rule, British civilians and British soldiers have, almost always, worked together harmoniously. It was this union of force which gave us Bengal in the time of which I have been writing, and to the same source of power we owe the gradual building up of the great Empire which now dominates the whole of India.

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 122: Probably Portuguese half-castes.]

[Footnote 123: Matchlock men. Consultations of the Dacca Council, 27th June, 1756. Madras Select Committee Proceedings, 9th November, 1756.]

[Footnote 124: When Courtin was sent by Count Lally with the proposals for the surrender of Pondicherry he had to take an interpreter with him. _Memoirs of Lally_, p. 105.]

[Footnote 125: I.e. official order.]

[Footnote 126: I cannot ascertain where M. Fleurin was at this moment. If at Dacca, then Courtin must have left him behind.]

[Footnote 127: MSS. Français, Nouvelles Acquisitions, No. 9361. This is unfortunately only a copy, and the dates are somewhat confused. Where possible I have corrected them.]

[Footnote 128: Calcapur, the site of the Dutch Factory. See note, p. 64.]

[Footnote 129: From a map by Rennell of the neighbourhood of Dacca it appears that the French Factory was on the River Bourigunga. There are still several plots of ground in Dacca town belonging to the French. One of them, popularly known as Frashdanga, is situated at the mouth of the old bed of the river which forms an island of the southern portion of the town; but I do not think this is the site of the French Factory, as the latter appears to have been situated to the west of the present Nawab's palace.]

[Footnote 130: Now used in the sense of messengers or office attendants.]

[Footnote 131: Orme says (bk. viii. p. 285) that Courtin started with 30 Europeans and 100 sepoys. From Law's "Memoir" we see that M. de Carryon took 20 men to Cossimbazar before Law himself left. This accounts for the smallness of Courtin's force.]

[Footnote 132: Jafar Ali Khan married the sister of Aliverdi Khan, Siraj-ud-daula's grandfather.]

[Footnote 133: I think he must mean the mouth of the Murshidabad River.]

[Footnote 134: Courtin means the lower ranges of the Himalayas, inhabited by the Nepaulese, Bhutiyas, etc. His wanderings therefore were in the districts of Rungpore and Dinajpur.]

[Footnote 135: Sinfray, Secretary to the Council at Chandernagore, was one of the fugitives who, as mentioned above, joined Law at Cossimbazar.]

[Footnote 136: Assaduzama Muhammad was nephew to Kamgar Khan, the general of Shah Alam. _Holwell. Memorial to the Select Committee_, 1760.]

[Footnote 137: Orme MSS. India XI., p. 2859, No. 246.]

[Footnote 138: Orme says the Fort was on the River Teesta, but Rennell marks it more correctly a little away from the river and about fifteen miles south of Jalpaiguri.]

[Footnote 139: These guns Courtin calls "pièces à la minute." The proper name should be "canon à la suédoise" or "canon à la minute." They were invented by the Swedes, who used 3-pounders with improved methods for loading and firing, so as to be able to fire as many as ten shots in a minute. The French adopted a 4-pounder gun of this kind in 1743. The above information was given me by Lieut.-Colonel Ottley Perry, on the authority of Colonel Colin, an artillery officer on the French Headquarters Staff.]

[Footnote 140: This squadron, under the command of Mons. Bouvet, actually did arrive.]

[Footnote 141: This rebellion was really conducted by Ukil Singh, the Hindoo _Diwan_ of Hazir Ali.]

[Footnote 142: Mir Jafar, Jafar Ali, Mir Jafar Ali Khan, are all variations of the name of the Nawab whom the English placed on the throne after the death of Siraj-ud-daula.]

[Footnote 143: Law says that the French soldiers who wandered the country in this way were accustomed to disguise themselves as natives and even as Brahmins, when they wished to avoid notice.]

[Footnote 144: A kind of native house-boat.]

[Footnote 145: A heavy gun fired from a rest or stand.]

[Footnote 146: A ditch or ravine.]

[Footnote 147: Orme MSS. India XI., p. 2901, No. 374.]

[Footnote 148: A thick quilt used as a covering when in bed, or sometimes like a blanket to wrap oneself in.]

[Footnote 149: Orme MSS. India XL, p. 2915, No. 417.]

[Footnote 150: Bengal Select Com. Consultations, 22nd February, 1758.]

[Footnote 151: I have not been able to identify this place.]

[Footnote 152: A boatman.]

[Footnote 153: See note, p. 88.]

[Footnote 154: Orme MSS. India XI., p. 2923, No. 432.]

[Footnote 155: Orme MSS. India XL, p. 2926, No. 438.]

[Footnote 156: This expression is characteristically Indian, and is used when any one, finding himself oppressed, appeals to some great personage for protection.]

[Footnote 157: The Nawab's flag was the usual Turkish crescent.]

[Footnote 158: Another Indian expression. The last resource against oppression or injustice in India is to commit suicide by starvation or some violent means, and to lay the blame on the oppressor. This is supposed to bring the curse of murder upon him.]

[Footnote 159: This means simply that the Raja was not an independent ruler. The sovereign owning all land, _land revenue_ and _rent_ meant the same thing.]

[Footnote 160: This seems to want explanation. Probably Courtin had got into some sort of house used for religious ceremonies, such as are often found in or close to the market-places of great landowners.]

[Footnote 161: He probably refers to Mr. Luke Scrafton.]

[Footnote 162: I.e. from his entrenchments.]

[Footnote 163: "Courtin and his party arrived here the 10th. They are 6 soldiers, Dutch, German and Swede, such as took service with the French when our Factory at Dacca fell into the hands of Surajeh Dowleit, 4 gentlemen, some Chitagon (_sic_) fellows and about 20 peons. Courtin, on his way hither, has, by mischance, received a ball through his shoulder. They demanded _honneurs de la guerre_, which Drake has not understood" (_Scrafton to Clive, March_ 12, 1758).]

[Footnote 164: According to Orme, Courtin's force was reduct from 30 to 11 Europeans, and from 100 to 30 sepoys.]

[Footnote 165: The manuscript I translate from contains only the postscript of the 10th of August.]

[Footnote 166: A translation. Clive generally wrote to French officers in their own language.]

[Footnote 167: Such honours were not uncommonly granted. Law was made a Colonel, so was another French partisan named Madec. On the other hand, when a French gentleman had the choice, he often put his elder son in the Company's service and the younger in the army. Law's younger brother was in the army. Renault's elder son was in the Company and the younger in the army.]

[Footnote 168: Appended to "Bengal Public Proceedings," May 31, 1759.]

[Footnote 169: I do not know whether this "Memorial" still exists, but see "Memoirs of Count Lally," p. 53.]

[Footnote 170: "Memoirs of Count Lally," p. 367.]

INDEX

Abdulla Khan
Admiralty, the English
Aeneas
Afghan General, the
_See_ Abdulla Khan
Agra
Ahmed Khan Koreishi
Alamgir II., Emperor, assassinated November 29, 1759
Ali Gauhar
_See_ Shah Alam
Aliverdi Khan
his opinion of Europeans
sister of
Allahabad
Amina Begum, mother of Siraj-ud-daula
Anquetil du Perron, M.
Anti-Renaultions
"Arabian Nights"
Archives, French
_Areca-nut_
Armenian officers
Armenians
_Arz-begi_ (Gholam Ali Khan)
_Arzi_
_Asiatic Annual Register_
Assaduzama Muhammad, Raja of Birbhum
Assam, King of
Audience Hall, the
Augustine Father
Aurengzebe

Bahadur Singh
Bahar
_See_ Bihar
_Bajarow_
Balasore
Bandel
Bankers, influence of Indian
Banowra River
Barber, a native
Battle of the 5th of February
Becher, Mr. Richard
Beinges, M.
Benares
Bengal
Nawabs of
records
revolution in
rivers of
Bengali merchant
Berhampur
_Betel_
Bettiah, Raja of
Bhagulpur
Bhutiyas
Bibi Lass
_See_ Mrs. Law
Bibliothèque Nationale
Biderra, battle of
Bihar, Hindu Rajas of
map of south
province of
town of
Birbhum
Raja of _See_ Assaduzama Muhammad
Bisdom, Adrian, Director of the Dutch in Bengal
Black Hole, the
Bloomer, Lieut.
Boissemont, M.
Bombay
Bourigunga River
Bouvet, M.
Brahmins
Brayer, Ensign
M., one of Courtin's companions
Brereton, Lieut. William
_Bridgewater_, H.M.S. (Captain Smith)
British. _See_ English
civilians
Museum, MS. Department
Broome, Captain A., Author of the "Rise and Progress of the
Bengal Army" (Calcutta, 1850)
Budge Budge, battle of
Bugros, M.
_Bukshi_
Bulwant Singh, Raja of Benares
Bundelkand or Bundelcund
Bussy, M.
_Buxerries_

Caillot, or Caillaud
Calcapur
Calcutta
English Council at
Calvé, M.
Cannon balls of clay
Cantanagar, battle of
Capitulation of Chandernagore, dispute as to terms of
Capucins, church of
Carnac, Major John
Carryon, M. le Comte de
Carvalho, Jeanne. _See_ Mrs. Law
Cause of Siraj-ud-daula's attack on the English
Chambon, M
Chandernagore
booty taken at
cemetery at
council at
deserters from
garrison of
possibility of its capture by English land forces alone
terms of capitulation of
Chatrapur
_Chauth_
Chevalier, M.
Chinese
Chinsurah
Chittagong
Choquova
Christian clerks
Christians
Chunargarh
_Chunam_
Chupra or Chapra.
Cicero
Civil Power, the
Clive, Lieut.-Colonel Robert (Lord Clive)
Coja Wajid
Colbert, M.
Colin, Catherine
Colonel
Coote, Captain (Sir) Eyre
Coromandel, Coast of, _See_ Madras Coast
Cossimbazar
Cossimbazar River
Courtin, François,
Jacques Ignace
Courtin, Mrs.
_See_ Madame Direy
Courtin's Memorial
Cuddalore
Cudmore, Lieut. John
Cuttack

Dacca;
Council at;
Government College at;
Nawab of;
Palace of present Nawab
_D'Aillot_, powders
D'Albert, M. le Chevalier
Dana Shah
Danes
Dangereux, M.
Davis, Mr.
Debellême, M. le Capitaine
De Carryon, M. le Comte
Deccan
De Kalli, M.
Delabar, M.
De la Bretesche, M.
Delamotte, Mr. John
De la Vigne Buisson;
M. le Capitaine;
jun.
De Leyrit, M.
Delhi
De Montorcin, M.
Desbrosses, M.
Deserters, English;
French
Desjoux, M.
De Terraneau, Ann.;
Lieut. Charles Cossard;
senior
De Tury;
M., Commandant of Chandernagore
D'Hurvilliers, M.
Dido
Dinajpur;
Raja of
Dinapur
Direy, Madame, _See_ Mrs. Courtin
_Diwan_
Doctor, French
Doidge, Mr.
Drake, Roger, jun.;
President of the Council at Calcutta
Droguet, M.
Dubois;
M., French Company's servant;
M., Sturgeon Major
Du Cap, M.
Dupleix, Marquis
Du Pré, M.
Durbar, The
_Dustuck_
Dutch;
Director. _See_ M. Bisdom;
Octagon, the

East India Company, English;
Forces
East India Company, French
Elephants, gentleness of
Engineers, want of
England
English;
_See_ British;
agent of;
ladies at Dacca;
Records;
trade privileges of
Eunuchs
Europe
Europeans
Europeans, generosity and courage of,

Fakir, _See_ Dana Shah
Farmers of estates,
Farukhabad,
_Faujdar_,
Fazl-kuli-khan,
Feringhees,
_Firman_,
Fleurin, M.,
Forde, Colonel,
Fort Bourgogne,
d'Orleans,
William,
Fournier, M.,
France,
King of,
Frashdanga,
French,
civilians,
ladies,
mistaken for Muhammadans,
proverb,
soldiers,
up-country factories,
Fringuey Raja,
Fullerton, Dr. William,
Fulta,

Ganges river, _See_ Hugli River
Gaya,
Gentiles, or Gentoos,
Germans,
Ghazipur,
Gholam Husain Khan,
Gourbin, M.
Gourlade, M.,
Grand Monarque, the,
Great Britain,
King of,
_Gunge_,
_Gunny_,

_Hackerys_,
Haillet, M.,
Hardwicke, Lord,
Hazir Ali Khan,
Hey, Lieut.,
Himalayas,
Hindu advisers of the Nawab,
Hindu Rajas,
women, ill-treatment of--by Siraj-ud-daula,
Hindus, the,
Hindustan,
Holkar,
Holwell, John Zephaniah, Governor,
Honours of war,
Hugli, Faujdar of, _See_ Nand Kumar
fort,
River,
town,

Imad-al-Muluk, Ghazi-ud-din Khan,
India,
Southern,
Indian expressions, characteristic,
minds, motives of,
ways of business,
Indies, The,
Indrapat, Raja of Bundelkand,
_Inhabitants_,
Innocent, or Innocent Jesus,
Ironside, Colonel Gilbert,
Ives, Surgeon Edward, author of "A
Voyage from England to India in
1754, with, a narrative of the operations
of the squadron and army in
India, under Watson and Clive,
1755-1757; Also a Journey from Persia to England," (London, 1799)

Jafar Ali Khan.
_See_ Mir Jafar Ali Khan
Jagat Seth, family of
_See_ Seths
Jalpaiguri
Jats, the
_Jemadars_
Jesuit Church, the
Fathers, the
Jobard, M.
Jugdea
_See_ Luckipore
Jusserat Khan, Nawab of Dacca

Kaffirs
Kamgar Khan
Karical
Kasim Ali Khan, Nawab of Bengal
_See_ Mir Kasim
Kasim Ali Khan, Faujdar of Rungpore
_Kent_, H.M.S.
Kerdizien, M.
Khodadad Khan Latty
Kilpatrick, Major James
King
_See_ Mogul
_Kingfisher_, H.M.S.
Kissendas, son of Raj Balav
Knox, Captain Ranfurlie
Kooti Ghat
Koran, the

La Haye, M.
Lal Dighi
Lally, Count
Memoirs of
Laporterie, M.
La Rue, M.
Latham, Captain
Launay, M.
La Ville Martère, M.
Law, Jacques François
Jean, of Lauriston
Madame Jeanne
John, of Lauriston, the Financier
William
Law's Memoir
Le Conte Dompierre
Lee, Corporal
Le Noir, M.
Le Page, M., Second Surgeon
Locusts
Luckipore
_See_ Jugdea
Lucknow
Lynn, Captain

McGwire, Mr. William
Madec, Colonel
Madras
Coast
_See_ Coromandel
Malleson, Colonel G.B., Author of "History of the French in India
from the Founding of Pondicherry in 1674 to the Capture of that
Place in 1761" (London, 1868)
Manik Chand, Raja
_Manjhi_
Maratha Commander
Law's altercation with
General, the
Marathas
Martin, Captain
Martin de la Case, Ensign
Matel, M.
Midnapur
Militarism
Minchin, Captain George, Captain-Commandant of Calcutta
Mir Abdulla
Miran, son of Mir Jafar
Mir Daood, brother of Mir Jafar, and Faujdar of Rajmehal
Mir Jafar Ali Khan, made Nawab by the English after Plassey
Mir Kasim, or Kasim Ali Khan, son-in-law and successor of Mir Jafar
army of
Mir Madan
Mogul
_See_ King
Mohan Lal, favourite of the Nawab
Monsoon
Moor hostages
nobles
Moorish colours
forts
soldiers
treachery
Moors
Muhammadhans
Murshidabad
_See_ Muxadabad
or Cossimbazar River
Murshid Kuli Khan
Mustapha Ali Khan
Mutinies
Muxadabad
_See_ Murshidabad

_Naib_
Nand Kumar, Faujdar of Hugli
Native indifference to the quarrels of the Europeans
_Nautch_
Naval officer, an English
Nawab, the
_See_ Siraj-ud-daula
Hindu advisers and servants of
Nawajis Muhammad Khan, uncle of Siraj-ud-daula
Nawajis Muhammad Khan's widow
Nazir Dalal, the
Negroes
Nepaulese
Neutrality in the Ganges
News from Bengal
Nicolas, M.F.
Nover, Sergeant
Nullah

Omichand
Onofre, Reverend Father
Oppoor
Orissa
Orme Papers or MSS.
Orme, Robert, historian
Oudh
Nawab of. _See_ Suja-ud-daula

Pagodas or Hindu Temples
Paris
_Parwana_
Pathans
Patna
Naib of
River
_Pattamar_
Pavilion, Bastion du
Pearkes, Mr. Paul Richard
Pedro
_Peons_
Perry, Lieut.-Colonel Ottley
Phulbari
Picques, M.
Pilots, French
Plassey, battle of
Pocock, Admiral (Sir) George
Pondicherry
Superior Council of
Porte Royale, the
Portuguese half-castes
Predestination
Priest, Hindu
Probate Records (Mayor's Court, Calcutta)
Prussian Gardens
Purneah
Nawab of. _See_ Saukat Jang

Raj Durlabh Ram, Raja
Rains, the
Raj Balav, Raja
Rajas, Hindu
Rajmehal
Faujdar of.
_See_ Mir Daood
Ramnarain, Raja, Naib or Deputy Governor of Patua
Ram Nath, Raja of Dinajpur
Ranjit Rai, agent of the Seths
Raymond, M.
Renault, Pierre, Director of Chandernagore (Malleson calls him
Renault de St. Germain, but he never signs himself as such)
Renault, de St. Germain, eldest son of Pierre Renault
Renault, Lieut., second son of Pierre Renault
Renault, de la Fuye, M.
Renaultions, the
Rennell, Major James, geographer
_Rezai_,
Royal Music, the
Rungpore
Raja of. _See_ Kasizn All Khan

Sahibgunj, Raja of
Saidabad.
_Saint Contest_, the
St. Didier, M.
St. Louis, Order of
Parish Church of
Salabat Jang
_Salisbury_, H.M.S.
Sarfaraz Khan, Nawab of Bengal, defeated and killed in battle
by Aliverdi Khan in 1742
Saukat Jang, Nawab of Purneah and cousin of Siraj-ud-daula
Scrafton, Mr. Luke, Author of "Reflections on the Government
of Indostan" (London, 1770)
Scrafton's "Reflections"
Select Committee at Calcutta
at Madras
Sepoys, 10. _See_ Telingas
French
Law's opinion of
Serampore, Danish Settlement
Seth Mahtab Rai, grandson of Jagat Seth
Seth Sarup Chand, grandson of Jagat Seth
Seths, agent of
_See_ Ranjit Rai
Seths: the family of Jagat Seth
Shah, Alam
_See_ Ali Gauhar
Shahzada or Crown Prince
_See_ Shah Alam
Sheikh Faiz Ulla
Sinfray, M.
Siraj-ud-daula
_See_ Nawab
cause of his attack on the English
his aunt, widow of Nawajia Khan
his mother
_See_ Amina Begum
his younger brother
_See_ Fazl-kuli-khan
Slippers, a pair of
Sooty
Soupy, fort of
Speke, Captain
Spies employed by the English,
by the Nawab
Suan, battle of
Subah
Suja-ud-daula, Nawabof Oudh
Summer, Mr. William Brightwell
Surgeons, French
Swedes
Swedish guns
Swiss

Tangepur, or Tanjipur,
Tanks used for military purposes
Tartars
Teesta River
Telingas or Tellingees
Tibet
king of,
Toby, Captain--of the _Kingfisher_
Tooke, Mr. William
Topasses
Treaty between the English and Mir Jafar
between the English and Siraj-ud-daula
between the French and Siraj-ud-daula
Turkish Crescent, the
_Tyger_, H.M.S.

Ukil Singh

Vansittart, Governor Henry
Vernet, M. George, Lodewjk
Villequain, M.
Vizir, The
Volunteers, English
French

_Wakils_
Walcot, Clive Correspondence at
Waller, Mr. Samuel
War, Declaration of, between England and France
Water Gate, the
Watson, Admiral Charles
Watts, Mrs. Amelia
the Worshipful Mr. William

Zemindar, collector of revenue

THE END