Chapter XXV: Political

Consequences do not appeal as a subject of interest to the typical British mind until they have arrived. But when, as was the case in our acquisition of India, a heedlessness of consequences is accompanied by ignorance of the future development of his own government into a democratic tyranny, the extension of free institutions by a conqueror to a subject race becomes fraught with aggravated dangers. These are now upon us and we have to steer between a panic withdrawal of liberties and an equally rash programme in their too rapid extension.

The more we can help India to become a nation, the more we can knit her together by conscious bonds of common needs and aspirations the better it will be for her and the better, therefore, for ourselves now that we can no longer tolerate with equanimity an exploitation of a subject race solely for our own commercial advantage.

That East is East and West is West, and never the twain shall meet, is one of the worst superstitions prevalent among British people. Let those who so glibly reiterate what I believe {345} to be a falsehood pernicious in its tendency to preserve a bigoted exclusiveness, compare India not with the West of to-day but with ancient and mediæval Europe.

The anchorite in a cage at some street corner, mendicant friars and pilgrims with their bowls, flagellants and the innumerable sects that seek to honour God by scorning his gifts, altars made red with the blood of sacrifice, the tight-rope walker and the ballad man, religious pageantry and the pomp of kings, the calm aloofness of sequestered lives, the careless luxury of courts, the squalid existence of a servile peasantry, the sordid rookeries of each reeking town, unchecked disease and callous cruelty, the taciturn denial of every new discovery, and brooding superstition over all--the counterpart of nearly every phase of life, so often considered as typically Oriental--surely existed in past ages between Rome and Bristol.

It needs no conscious pharisaism for men of both authority and learning to contrast the ideals of modern industry unfavourably with those of renunciation and quietism and to call the one new and the other old; but this is only another way of saying that authority and learning are not always denied even to sentimentalists though they be without hope and see the world with but a single eye.

Oh, wondrous dreamings of a golden age that {346} never was under the light of the sun! Were the people of India under Akhbar or Asoka better in any one respect than they are to-day? The wanderings of ascetic Sadhus and Yogis have probably worked towards the cementing of the country, and their spirit of detachment has at the same time helped to withdraw attention from the yoke of foreign rule.

It has been shown in the history of modern India that at a time of mutiny and under the excitement of anger at inhuman butchery, one of our bravest and (in his own profession of soldiering) most capable of men may have his ideas of civilization so far distorted as to plead for a return to methods of the most extreme savagery in the treatment of prisoners; but it has not been shown that any Englishman of recognized capability to-day has such a distorted view that he looks upon India as a permanent goose to be kept sufficiently nourished to lay golden eggs for the benefit of his own country. To whatever party he may belong, every Englishman in England, who studies Indian affairs and the relation of India to the rest of our Empire, feels that our rule should be so conducted as to prepare India for ultimate self-government and a place in the future councils of a British confederation among the other units of the Empire.

The growth of a national spirit in India under our self-appointed guardianship, while giving {347} us just pride in the nobility of our achievement, may yield us the yet nobler crown of humility when we behold in its maturity the developed genius of our foster-children.

Mr Theodore Morison, writing on _Imperial Rule in India_, sought authority for his proposed suppression of all newspapers but a subsidized government organ in "the policy which has done so much for the progress of Mexico," and remarked, "It is apparently necessary for English politicians to behold a country given up to anarchy before they can realize that popular institutions make for the disruption of a nation which is not yet compact and unified."

The recent happenings in his chosen instance incline me to say that even Mr Morison himself would now, doubtless, admit that such despotic methods only produce an apparent and temporary calm and are certain sooner or later to break down, together with the government that enforced them.

The influence of the Press is only beginning to help the creation of a national spirit. Newspapers are naturally more likely to fan the red embers of latent animosities than to attack the infinitely more difficult and less lucrative task of sound patriotic afforestation to make a permanent fuel supply to those fires of national aspiration, which as yet have little more hold than a handful of crackling thorns.

{348}

It is as erroneous to assume that local press opposition to any particular measure of government is the sign of an united national feeling as to pretend that an united national feeling can only be created by agitation against the British rule.

The fact that there is not yet a national sympathy in India strong enough to overrule the enmity of religions or the rivalry of races, is the best of all arguments for cherishing its growth by every means in our power. National feeling must first be associated with territorial boundaries and many many will be the years to come ere the Mohammedan will lie down with the Hindoo and a little Parsee shall lead them to the sound of Sikh flutes and Christian tabors!

Mr Theodore Morison contends that all men east of Suez think themselves the slaves and chattels of the man God has set above them for their king,[1] but in whatever way they regard their relation to their rulers we, at least, may no longer regard them as slaves and chattels; rather must we think of them as wards for whom we have become responsible through the actions {349} of our grandfathers--wards whom we have not only recognized as family relations but have trained in our own business and given just so much knowledge of our methods as to make them capable of being invaluable to our rivals though not as yet in any way competent to exercise independent authority.

[1] "East of Suez ... there lies upon the eyes and foreheads of all men a law which is not found in the European Decalogue; and this law runs: 'Thou shalt honour and worship the man whom God shall set above thee for thy king; if he cherish thee thou shalt love him; and if he plunder and oppress thee thou shalt still love him, for thou art his slave and his chattel.'" _Imperial Rule in India_ (Page 43). Theodore Morison.

There must come a time when the people of every habitable part of the world will have tried the system of government by majority of elected representatives. Even in the case of a nation like China, which has at present no desire among its proportionally small class of educated minds for such a form of rule, the popular longing for enfranchisement will arise, and sooner or later a representative form of government will be established. The obviously possible oppression and tyranny of democratic rule are dangers which no people as a whole will learn except by their own experience. The stirring spirit of life that brings man self-reliance will make him claim his share in the ordering of his own country sooner or later but in any case sooner than he has been able to learn that a measure is liberal or tyrannous, not according to the type of government that imposes it but according to the degree of liberty it secures to, or takes away from, the individuals it affects.

How many Englishmen who have ever given a thought to India have imagined themselves {350} for a moment as natives of that land? Try to put yourself in the place of any native-born Indian and consider fairly what your thought would be about politics or government. If you were a ryot, an uneducated villager, you would know nothing of such matters. For you, all life and its affairs would be in the hands of the gods and the money-lender, and endeavours to assuage their wrath or cruelty, to induce their patronage or favour, would exhaust whatever surplus energy remained from daily rounds of toil.

But put yourself for a moment in the place of the young Mohammedan who has just left his university and is trying to obtain a berth in the post-office, or of a Hindoo medical assistant in the hospital of a country town, or of a large native landowner who has just left college and succeeded to an estate in Bengal, or of a native pleader in the courts, or of a native assistant magistrate--would you then be quite indifferent to questions of government and politics? You would feel conscious that you were being ruled by strangers whose superiority, in whatever respects you deemed them superior, was the most galling thing about them--far more so than their habitual disclination to have more touch with you than was necessary to the efficient discharge of their official duties. Among the very few you ever met, after leaving college, one Englishman {351} might seem to you lovable; but would that reconcile you to the fact that his race was ruling yours, dividing its territories in the teeth of the protest of their powerless inhabitants, and, as you gathered from your reading, denying you rights of self-government which his own people years ago had risen in arms to obtain?

But in order to give India the chance of future autonomy and independence, we must distinguish between the extreme claims of isolated and non-representative enthusiasts and the reasonable progressive changes warranted by a gradual advance of liberal education and increase of religious tolerance: we must distinguish between the exuberance of inexperienced youths and the irritation of dissatisfied place-hunters on the one hand and the mature opinions on the other hand of enlightened Indians who have proved their power of wise judgment by years of serious responsibility in positions of trust and authority. And first and last, we must never forget, in our continued efforts to make a nation out of a tangle of many states and peoples, the tremendous power we have gradually gained to influence the general liberty and progress of the world, and that no part of that power can ever be yielded up save as the shameful shifting of a burden it is our noblest privilege to bear.

THE END

{353}

INDEX

ABORNIA, 129

Abu, Mount, 303, 306

Abu Road, 305, 306

Afghan, 231, 233, 234, 284

Afghanistan, 240, 278, 283

Afridi, 236, 240, 242, 244, 248

Aghoris, 203

Agra, 183, 184, 191, 193, 197, 320, 327

Ahmadabad, 309

Ahmednagar, 314, 316

Aindaw Pagoda, 74

Ajmere, 303-305

Akal Bunga, 220, 224

Akali, 272, 273, 274, 276

Akhbar, 181, 183, 185, 186, 187, 188, 193, 194, 197, 257, 261, 300, 304, 346

Alexander, 89

Ali Masjid, 239, 242, 243, 244, 246, 250

Aligar College, 228

Allard, 254

Amban Dance, 138

Amber, 290

Amethi, Rajah of, 156

Amias, 192

Amir of Afghanistan, 194, 229, 242, 283

Amir Khusran, 204

Amir (of Lucknow), 192

Amritsar, 217-224, 225

Annexation of Burmah, 65, 80, 81

Anundabagh, 156, 157

Aravalli Range, 303, 305

Arrakan Pagoda, 75, 78

Areca, 15, 99

Arhai-din-ka-jompra, 304, 305

Armoury, 254, 255

Assykhera, 173

Asoka, 206, 346

Assam, 100

Aurungzebe, 145, 152, 158, 194

Austin of Bordeaux, 199, 200

Australia, 175

Ava, 65

Avitabile, 228, 254

BABA ATTAL, 221

Babar, 235, 261

Bad Shahi Masjid, 253

Baluchistan, 278, 282

Bamboo, 17, 26, 37, 44, 48, 55, 69, 73, 90, 94, 99, 131, 136, 211, 233, 243, 325

Banyan tree, 23, 121, 129

Baradari, 253

Bay of Bengal, 2

Bazaars, 37, 81, 82, 166, 167, 173, 212, 231, 246, 258, 291, 328, 337

Beadon Square, 122

Bean Sing, 152

Bear, 50

Bee-eaters, 24

Begari Canal, 281

Benares, 142-162, 163, 289, 301

Benares, Maharajah of, 154, 159

Bengal Government Offices, 108

Bengali, 120, 121, 122, 125, 126, 127

Bengali theatres, 121-128

Bernard Free Library, 66

Besant, Mrs, 154

Betel, 15, 108, 124

Bhakkur Island, 279, 281

Bhamo, 39, 41-49, 77

Bhaskarananda Saraswati, 156, 157, 158

Bhils, 102

Black Mosque, 198, 207

Bodawpaya, 65

Bodh tree, 121

Bokhara, 227, 236

Bolan Pass, 278, 282, 285

Bombay, 126, 127, 225, 266

Bombay Burmah Trading Corporation, Limited, 19, 81

Bostan Junction, 282, 287

Botanical Gardens, 129, 130

Bo-tree, 144, 145

Brahma, 126, 218, 302

Brahmin, 5, 334, 335

Buddha, 14, 15, 56, 58, 59, 60, 62, 64, 75, 78, 120, 182, 217, 238

Buddhist, 259

Buddhist Society, 13-19

Buddhist Stupa, 237

Buddhist Tope, 148

Budge Bridge, 105

Burmah Oil Works, 8

Buxar, 142

CACTUS, 69, 87, 153, 290

Calcutta, 80, 100, 105-130, 141, 175, 179, 259

Camels, 240, 241, 243, 245, 247, 248, 284, 318

Cauvery, River, 93

Cawnpore, 175-180

Cawnpore Well, 179

Central Hindoo College, 154

Ceylon, 86, 99, 102, 130, 160, 284

Chagatta, 229, 232, 234

Chait Singh, Rajah, 160

Chakrayantra, 151

Chaman, 283, 285, 287

Chappa Rift, 288

Cheroot, 15, 17, 55, 80, 84

Chili, 5, 82, 230

China, 227, 349

Chinese, 42, 43, 47, 48, 49, 72, 73, 74, 109, 138, 147, 148, 183

Chitor, 299-303

Chitorgarh, 299

Chitral, 235

Chittagonians, 21

Choultry, 88

Chowringhee, 106, 109

Clive, Lord, 98

Cobra, 153

Coco-nut oil, 5

Coffee, 103

Colombo, 86

Connaught, Duchess of, 288

Cooper, Mr, 64, 65, 66

Coonoor, 100, 102, 103

Corrugated iron, 24, 37

Cotton, 87, 230, 306, 326

Cotton-mills, 86, 114, 270

Cotton, wild, 56

Cowrie money, 168, 219

Cow Temple, Benares, 147, 148

Crocodiles, 293

Crows, 76, 122, 183, 216

Curzon, Lord, 200, 219, 238

DABIR (of Lucknow), 192

Dacoit, 25, 45, 46

Dagh (of Delhi), 192

Dak tree, 210

Dal, 5, 82

Dalhousie Square, 108

Dancer, 6, 17, 45, 84, 169, 215, 271, 324

Dancing, 137, 138, 173, 285, 302, 322

Dara Shikoh, 197

Dargah, the, 303, 304

Darjeeling, 133-139

Darjeeling Himalaya Railway, 131

D'Avera, Monsieur, 42

Dehra Dun, 209-211, 215

Delhi, 128, 160, 196-208, 275

Dharbanga, 108

Dhuleep Singh, 254

Dilawar Khan, 232

Dilwarra Temples, 306-308

Diwan-i-am, 199, 201

Diwan-i-Khas, 202

Drama, 13, 16-19, 43, 47, 122-128

Dravidian, 87, 95, 102

Droog, 104

Dufferin Bridge, 151, 160

Dunlay, Private, 174

Durga Temple, Benares, 155, 156

Durian, 14

EAGLE, 24

Eastern Bengal State Railway, 106

Eastern Yomans, 23, 24

Edward the Seventh, 194, 276

Egrets, 76

Elephant Book, 96

Elephants, 19, 20, 23, 96, 97, 199, 251, 277, 296, 335, 340

Eng tree, 24

Etawah, 173

Eucalyptus, 99, 103, 211

Everest, Mount, 134, 135

FAKIRS, 147, 158, 161, 263, 341

Famine, 170, 315

Fatehpur-Sikri, 181-190, 303

Ferryshaw Siding, 39

Flamingoes, 295

Footprints, 60, 162, 333

Fort Dufferin, 77, 78

Fort Saint George, 97

Fort William, 106

France, 6, 81, 90, 224

French Legion, 254

GANESH, 91, 120, 145, 148, 300

Gangeli Khan, 234

Ganges River, 117, 136, 159, 175, 180, 333, 339

Gardens, 156, 165, 174, 272, 295

Garden Reach, 106

Gardner, Alexander, 272

Gautama, 16, 60, 76

Ghamberi, River, 299

Ghats, 150, 151, 152, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 180, 333, 334, 335

Ghonds, 102

Ghoom, 133

Glass, 10, 61, 62, 73, 74

Gobindaji, 293

Gokteik, 26-28

Golden Monastery, 74, 78

Golden Temple, Amritsar, 217, 218, 219, 222

Golden Temple, Benares, 144, 146, 161

Gopura, 88, 94

Gor Khatri, 227, 228, 229

Gourkhas, 79, 246, 255

Granth, 218, 219, 271, 334, 339

Grapes, 230, 293

Guru, 217, 220, 221, 223, 273

Gwalior, Maharajah of, 152

HAMADRYAD, 24

Hanuman, 120, 121, 160, 300

Hari Mandar, 218

Harnai Route, 287

Hastings, the, 7

Hastings, Marquis of, 108

Hastings Memorial, 227

Hastings, Warren, 143, 160

Hawks, 23

Himalayas, 131, 132, 134, 135, 211, 214, 279

Hindoo, 1, 2, 4, 6, 36, 39, 47, 87, 96, 100, 102, 113, 119, 120, 143, 145, 146, 147, 148, 152, 154, 159, 162, 180, 182, 186, 203, 207, 218, 228, 235, 255, 261, 281, 284, 285, 294, 302, 316, 348, 350

Hindoo Architecture, 87

Hirok, 282

Hodson, 203

Holi festival, 100, 207, 285

Hooghly, River, 105

Howrah, 106, 113, 114

Hpoongi, 37

Hsipaw, 28-38

Hsipaw, Sawbwa of, 28, 31-37

Hti, 10, 35, 74

Hulling, 21

Humayun, 202, 203, 260

Hurdwar, 333-335

Hyderabad, Deccan, 176

IDAR, 309-316

Idar Road, 309

Imambara, the Great, 170, 171, 173

Imambara, the Husainabad, 171, 173

Indus, River, 278, 281

Industrialism, 177

Irrawaddy, River, 39, 54, 56, 58

Irrawaddy, Flotilla Company, 39, 42, 54

Iron Foundry, 115

Iron Pillar, 206

Italians, 200, 201, 228

Izzat, 101

JACOBS, SIR SWINTON, 295

Jain, 205, 301, 303, 304, 307, 312

Jain Temple, 149, 152, 306, 308

Jaipur, 151, 290-295

Jama Masjid, Agra, 327

Jama Masjid, Delhi, 197, 202, 207

James and Mary, 105

Jamroud, 229, 239, 240, 241, 243

Jataka stories, 63

Java, 129

Jehanara, 204

Jehangir, 188, 189, 228, 253, 261, 262, 263

Juggernaut, 115, 120, 154

Jumna, River, 173, 199, 200, 201, 319, 330

Jute, 114, 142

Jute-mills, 106, 114

KABUL, 234, 236, 241

Kachins, 37, 48

Kali, 92, 116, 118, 120, 121

Kalighat, 116

Kampani Bagan, 128, 129

Kanishka, 237, 238

Kanutkwin, 25

Karapanasami, 91, 92

Kashmir, 225, 258

Kashmir Gate, 197

Kashmiris, 139

Katha, 40, 42

Khaskas grass, 170

Khawbgah, 181, 186

Kheddah, 20

Khyber Pass, 239-250

Kinchinjunga Mountain, 134

Kirowdi, 184

Kites, 76, 183, 278, 322

Kisshoor, 4

Kojak Pass, 283, 285

Kokand, 235

Kols, 102

Kubla Khan, 56

Kurseong, 132

Kuchi Khel, 242, 249, 250

Kutab Minar, 198, 204, 205

Kuthodaw, 78

Kyankine, 29

Kyansittha, King, 62, 63

Kyd's Monument, 130

LACQUER, 15, 56, 69, 70

Lady Canning's Seat, 104

Lahore, 233, 251, 265, 266

Lahore Gate, 199

Lalamusa, 225

Landi Kotal, 241, 243

Landour, 212, 214

Lansdowne Bridge, 278, 286

Lashio, 30

Lat, 206

Lawrence, Sir Henry, 174

Lebong, 135

Leogryphs, 8, 55

Leopard, 25

Lepchus, 139

Llama, 136

Lotus, 78, 79, 82, 183

Loungoes, 21

Lucknow, 163-174

Lugyis, 66

MADRAS, 2, 4, 6, 97, 98, 111

Madura, 87, 88, 89, 90, 95

Magwe, 68

Mahadevi, 35

Mahrattas, 113, 126, 127, 255

Maidan, 106, 109, 128

Maimyo, 3, 26

Malabar Coast, 110, 111

Malay Archipelago, 129

Mandalay, 54, 55, 56, 68, 70, 72-85

Mangi, 288

Mango, 211, 265

Mantapam, 88, 92, 95

Marionettes, 83

Marochetti, 179

Marwa, 136

Marwar, 303

Maung Nyo, 37

Mausoleum of Humayun, 202, 203

Mayo College, 305

Mayo School of Industrial Art, 258

Mecca, 171, 236

Meerut, 196, 206

Merthil Swami, 156, 157, 158

Mettapalaiyam, 99

Mewar, 295, 297, 299, 303

Minah, 183

Minachi, 87

Mohammed, 249

Mohammedan, 5, 6, 115, 145, 146, 152, 154, 162, 164, 169, 177, 191, 193, 194, 195, 205, 228, 229, 235, 261, 263, 281, 283, 291, 317, 330, 348, 350

Moharam Festival, 171, 191, 317, 332

Mongolian, 5, 102

Monkeys, 153, 155, 306, 337

Moplas, 110, 111

Mora, 41

Morison, Theodore, 347

Mosi Temple, 151

Mowgwa, 184

Mukolo, 69

Munro, Major Hector, 142

Munshi tree, 118

Museums, 148, 149, 173, 238, 258, 295

Music, 17, 44, 91, 97, 124, 161, 170, 184, 271, 285, 322, 339

Mussoorie, 211, 212, 213, 215

Mutaa, 169

Mutiny, the, 143, 164, 165, 170, 174, 197, 206, 207

Muttra, 293

Myrabolams, 177

NABANG, 29

Nabha, 266-277

Nabha, Rajah of, 266, 267, 268, 269, 274, 275, 276, 277

Nagas, 102, 334

Naggra, 184

Nagpur, 152

Nana Sahib, 180

Nandi, 95, 335

Narapatisezoo, King, 59

Natindaw, 66, 67, 68

Nats, 54, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68

Natsin, 68

Naurata, King, 62, 63, 68

Nautch, 6

Nayaka Dynasty, 90

Neem tree, 121, 161, 179

Nepaul, 128, 152

Nepaulis, 139

Ngapi, 24

Nicholson, General, 196, 197

Nilgiri Hills, 99

Nizam, the, 192

Nizam-ud-Din-Aulia, 204

Nour Jehan, 188, 189, 190, 192, 228, 261, 263, 264

Nyaungoo, 54, 55, 57, 64, 68

Nynung, 23

OBSERVATORIES, 151, 292

Ochterlony, Sir David, 106, 197

Ootacamund, 100, 102

Onslow Ford, 108

Opium, 273

Oshuck tree, 121

Otto of Roses, 170

Oudh, Nawab of, 142

PAGAN, 55-71

Pagodas, 7, 8-12, 39, 49, 58, 59, 74, 75, 78

Palmyra palm, 87

Parrots, 92, 184, 258, 270, 295, 337

Parsee, 121, 348

Peacocks, 25, 138, 290, 296, 323, 331

Peacock hawk, 24

Peacock Throne, 199

Peepul tree, 121, 180, 211, 291

Pegu, 23, 62, 63

Pegu River, 8

Peshawar, 225-237, 239, 240, 241, 246, 260, 261, 262

Phulkian States, 266, 269

Plague, 8, 29, 290, 314

Plantain, 37, 82

Polyandry, 102

Pomegranates, 230, 293

Poogi, 29

Poozoondoung, 19, 20

Popa, 65

Potter, 153

Powkpin, 24

Prayer-wheels, 136, 137

Prendergast, General, 80

Punjabis, 79, 210, 218

Pwe, 13, 16-19, 43-48, 83, 84, 85

Python, 153, 336

QUEEN'S COLLEGE, Benares, 143

Queen's Golden Monastery, 74, 78

Queen Victoria, 34, 171, 271, 279

Quetta, 282, 283, 285, 286

RADHA, 120

Rakhykash, 335-340

Rajpur, 211, 215

Rama, 160, 300

Rameswaram Temple, 121

Rangoon, 1-22, 23, 66, 75, 80, 105, 238

Rangoon River, 8

Ranjeet Singh, 228, 254, 256, 261, 268, 272, 273

Ravi River, 256, 262

Residency, Lucknow, the, 164, 165

Rhinoceros, 128

Rice, 1, 76, 82, 219, 230, 304

Rice mills, 20, 21

Rishi, 97

Rose, 82, 156, 183

Royal Lakes, 12

Runjeet River, 135, 136

Runnymede, 99

Ruri, 279, 280

SADHUS, 334

St Mary's Church, Madras, 98

St Paul's Cathedral, Calcutta, 112

Sal, 211

Salay, 64

Salim Chisti, 186, 187, 188

Samrat Yantra, 151

Sandalwood, 37, 162, 307

Sankarati Puja Festival, 113

Santals, 102

Sarnath, 148, 149

Sarwarnath, 335

Saturday god, 147

Sawche, 28, 32, 37

Screwpines, 130, 132

Scythian, 102

Sedaw, 26

Segaw, 41

Sepaya, Queen, 80

Sesamum, 15, 230

Seychelles, 130

Shaddra, 261, 262

Shahijikidheri, 237

Shah Jehan, 197, 204, 264

Shan States, 23, 26-38

Shannon, 179

Shias, 325, 330

Shikarpur, 278

Shwe Dagon, 7, 8-12, 75

Shwemetyna, 66, 68

Siam, 130

Sibi Junction, 282

Sikandra, 181, 193, 194, 195

Sikhs, 79, 218, 220, 223, 255, 262, 268, 271, 273, 274, 334, 338, 348

Sikkim, 136, 139

Sikra, 95

Siliguri, 131, 141

Silk, 82, 227, 269, 274

Sind Desert, 278

Singh, Sir Pratap, 309, 313-316

Sinkan, 50

Siriam, 7, 8

Sita, 160

Siva, 90, 96, 116, 117, 118, 120, 121, 145, 146, 153, 180, 297, 300, 302, 335

Siwaliks, 215

Snipe, 23

Sookua, 131

Soutakar, 4

South Indian Railway, 87

Srirangam, 93, 94

Stambham, 88

Sugar-cane, 142, 230, 318

Sukkur, 278, 279, 281

Sundareswara Temple, 87

TAGAUNG, 66

Taj Mahal, 319

Tamarind, 5, 82

Tanjore, 90, 95, 96

Tappakulam, 88, 92

Tartara, Mount, 228

Tea, 103

Teak, 8, 19, 40

Teester River, 136

Thaton, 62, 68

Thebaw, King, 42, 78, 80, 81

Thibetans, 133, 137, 138, 139

Thurligyaung, 67

Tiger, 25

Tiger Hill, 134, 135

Tikka Gharry, 9, 14

Tindaria, 132

Tippoo Sultan, 104

Tirah Hills, 250

Tobacco, 230

Todas, 102

Toddy palms, 130, 153

Tongu, 30

Tower Bridge, 7

Tree-ferns, 103, 132, 140

Tree-climbing perch, 24

Trichinopoly, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95

Tsar of Russia, 194

Turtles, 76

Tuticorin, 86, 284

UDAIPUR, 295-299

Udaipur, Maharana of, 297-299

Ulabaria, 114

VAISHNAVAS, 118, 121

Vallam, 90

Ventura, 254

Verloocooli, 4

Vimana, 88

Vishnu, 94, 118, 120, 121, 145, 152, 162, 206, 302

Vizianagram, Maharajah of, 154

Vultures, 68, 184, 322

WATER-SNAKE, 13

Wazirabad, 225

Waziristan, 258

Western Yomans, 23, 24

Wheat, 230, 233

Woollen mills, 175

YAK, 138

ZAKKA KHELS, 234, 246

Zam Zammah, 257

Zenana, 124, 126, 293

Zoological Gardens, 51, 128

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