Chapter XVIII: Appendix: I

The following is a list of the Lunar Formations numbered as on the Key-map, Plate XIX.:

1. Newton. | 38. Heinsius. | 75. Playfair.
2. Short. | 39. Hainzel. | 76. Azophi.
3. Simpelius. | 40. Bouvard. | 77. Sacrobosco.
4. Manzinus. | 41. Piazzi. | 78. Fracastorius.
5. Moretus. | 42. Ramsden. | 79. Santbech.
6. Gruemberger. | 43. Capuanus. | 80. Petavius.
7. Casatus. | 44. Cichus. | 81. Wilhelm Humboldt.
8. Klaproth. | 45. Wurzelbauer. | 82. Polybius.
9. Wilson. | 46. Gauricus. | 83. Geber.
10. Kircher. | 47. Hell. | 84. Arzachel.
11. Bettinus. | 48. Walter. | 85. Thebit.
12. Blancanus. | 49. Nonius. | 86. Bullialdus.
13. Clavius. | 50. Riccius. | 87. Hippalus.
14. Scheiner. | 51. Rheita. | 88. Cavendish.
15. Zuchius. | 52. Furnerius. | 89. Mersenius.
16. Segner. | 53. Stevinus. | 90. Gassendi.
17. Bacon. | 54. Hase. | 91. Lubiniezky.
18. Nearchus. | 55. Snellius. | 92. Alpetragius.
19. Vlacq. | 56. Borda. | 93. Airy.
20. Hommel. | 57. Neander. | 94. Almanon.
21. Licetus. | 58. Piccolomini. | 95. Catherina.
22. Maginus. | 59. Pontanus. | 96. Cyrillus.
23. Longomontanus. | 60. Poisson. | 97. Theophilus.
24. Schiller. | 61. Aliacensis. | 98. Colombo.
25. Phocylides. | 62. Werner. | 99. Vendelinus.
26. Wargentin. | 63. Pitatus. | 100. Langrenus.
27. Inghirami. | 64. Hesiodus. | 101. Goclenius.
28. Schickard. | 65. Mercator. | 102. Guttemberg.
29. Wilhelm I. | 66. Vitello. | 103. Isidorus.
30. Tycho. | 67. Fourier. | 104. Capella.
31. Saussure. | 68. Lagrange. | 105. Kant.
32. Stöfler. | 69. Vieta. | 106. Descartes.
33. Maurolycus. | 70. Doppelmayer. | 107. Abulfeda.
34. Barocius. | 71. Campanus. | 108. Parrot.
35. Fabricius. | 72. Kies. | 109. Albategnius.
36. Metius. | 73. Purbach. | 110. Alphonsus.
37. Fernelius. | 74. La Caille. |
----------------------+---------------------+-------------------
111. Ptolemæus. | 151. Agrippa. | 191. Archimedes.
112. Herschel. | 152. Arago. | 192. Timocharis.
113. Davy. | 153. Taruntius. | 193. Lambert.
114. Gueriké. | 154. Apollonius. | 194. Diophantus.
115. Parry. | 155. Schubert. | 195. Delisle.
116. Bonpland. | 156. Firmicus. | 196. Briggs.
117. Lalande. | 157. Silberschlag. | 197. Lichtenberg.
118. Réaumur. | 158. Hyginus. | 198. Theætetus.
119. Hipparchus. | 159. Ukert. | 199. Calippus.
120. Letronne. | 160. Boscovich. | 200. Cassini.
121. Billy. | 161. Ross. | 201. Gauss.
122. Fontana. | 162. Proclus. | 202. Messala.
123. Hansteen. | 163. Picard. | 203. Struve.
124. Damoiseau. | 164. Condorcet. | 204. Mason.
125. Grimaldi. | 165. Plinius. | 205. Plana.
126. Flamsteed. | 166. Menelaus. | 206. Burg.
127. Landsberg. | 167. Manilius. | 207. Baily.
128. Mösting. | 168. Eratosthenes. | 208. Eudoxus.
129. Delambre. | 169. Gay Lussac. | 209. Aristoteles.
130. Taylor. | 170. Tobias Mayer. | 210. Plato.
131. Messier. | 171. Marius. | 211. Pico.
132. Maskelyne. | 172. Olbers. | 212. Helicon.
133. Sabine. | 173. Vasco de Gama. | 213. Maupertuis.
134. Ritter. | 174. Seleucus. | 214. Condamine.
135. Godin. | 175. Herodotus. | 215. Bianchini.
136. Sömmering. | 176. Aristarchus. | 216. Sharp.
137. Schröter. | 177. La Hire. | 217. Mairan.
138. Gambart. | 178. Pytheas. | 218. Gérard.
139. Reinhold. | 179. Bessel. | 219. Repsold.
140. Encke. | 180. Vitruvius. | 220. Pythagoras.
141. Hevelius. | 181. Maraldi. | 221. Fontenelle.
142. Riccioli. | 182. Macrobius. | 222. Timæus.
143. Lohrmann. | 183. Cleomedes. | 223. Epigenes.
144. Cavalerius. | 184. Römer. | 224. Gärtner.
145. Reiner. | 185. Littrow. | 225. Thales.
146. Kepler. | 186. Posidonius. | 226. Strabo.
147. Copernicus. | 187. Geminus. | 227. Endymion.
148. Stadius. | 188. Linné. | 228. Atlas.
149. Pallas. | 189. Autolycus. | 229. Hercules.
150. Triesnecker. | 190. Aristillus. |

In the accompanying brief notes on a few important formations,
the diameter of each is given in miles, and the height of
the highest peak on wall in feet. The day of each lunation on
which it may be well seen is also added.

NO.

22. MAGINUS.--Great walled plain; 100 miles; 14,000 feet.
Central mountain 2,000 feet. Difficult in full, owing to rays
from Tycho. Plate XIV. Eighth and ninth days.

23. LONGOMONTANUS.--Walled plain; 90 miles; 13,314 feet.
Crossed by rays from Tycho. Plate XV. Ninth day.

26. WARGENTIN; 28. SCHICKARD.--Close together. 26. Curious
ring plain; 54 miles. Seemingly filled with lava. 'Resembles
a large thin cheese.' 28. Great walled plain; 134 miles; 9,000
feet. Floor 13,000 square miles area, very varied in colour.
Walls would be invisible to spectator in centre of enclosure.
Plate XII. Thirteenth and fourteenth days.

30. TYCHO.--Splendid ring plain; 54 miles; 17,000 feet.
Central mountain 5,000 feet. Great system of streaks from
neighbourhood. Plates XII., XIII., XV. Ninth and tenth days.

32. STÖFLER.--Walled plain. Peak on N.E. wall 12,000 feet.
Floor very level. Beautiful steel-grey colour. Plate XVI.
Seventh day.

33. MAUROLYCUS.--Walled plain; 150 miles; 14,000 feet. In area
equal to about half of Ireland. Floor in full covered with
bright streaks. Plate XVI. Seventh day.

58. PICCOLOMINI.--Ring plain; 57 miles; 15,000 feet on E. Fine
central mountain. Very rugged neighbourhood. Plate XI. Fifth
and sixth days.

63. PITATUS.--58 miles. Wall massive on S., but breached on N.
side, facing Mare Nubium. Two clefts in interior shown Plate
XV. Ninth day.

78. FRACASTORIUS.--Another partially destroyed formation; 60
miles. Wall breached on N., facing Mare Nectaris. Under low
sun traces of wall can be seen. Plate XI. Fifth and sixth
days.

80. PETAVIUS.--Fine object; 100 miles; 11,000 feet. Fine
central peak 6,000 feet. Great cleft from central mountain to
S.E. wall can be seen with 2-inch. Third and fourth days, but
best seen on waning moon a day or two after full.

90. GASSENDI.--Walled plain; 55 miles. Wall on N. broken by
intrusive ring-plain of Gassendi A. Fine central mountain
4,000 feet. Between thirty and forty clefts in floor, more or
less difficult. Plates XII., XIII. Eleventh and twelfth days.

95. CATHERINA; 96. CYRILLUS; 97. THEOPHILUS.--Fine group
of three great walled plains. 95. Very irregular; 70 miles;
16,000 feet. Connected by rough valley with 96. 96 has outline
approaching a square; walls much terraced, overlapped by 97,
and partially ruined on N.E. side. 97 is one of the finest
objects on moon; 64 miles; terraced wall, 18,000 feet. Fine
central mountain 6,000 feet. Plates XI., XVI. Sixth day.

84. ARZACHEL; 110. ALPHONSUS; 111. PTOLEMÆUS.--Another fine
group. 84 is southernmost; 66 miles; 13,000 feet. Fine central
mountain. 110. Walled plain; 83 miles; abutting on 111. Wall
rises to 7,000 feet. Bright central peak. Three peculiar dark
patches on floor, best seen towards full. 111 is largest of
three; 115 miles. Many large saucer-shaped hollows on floor
under low sun. Area 9,000 square miles. Plate XIII. Eighth and
ninth days.

125. GRIMALDI.--Darkest walled plain on moon; 148 miles
by 129; area 14,000 square miles; 9,000 feet. Plate XII.
Thirteenth and fourteenth days.

131. MESSIER AND MESSIER A.--Two bright craters; 9 miles.
Change suspected in relative sizes. From Messier A two
straight light rays like comet's tail extend across Mare
F[oe]cunditatis. Fourth and fifth days.

147. COPERNICUS.--Grand object; 56 miles; 10,000 to 12,000
feet. Central mountain 2,400 feet. Centre of system of bright
rays. On W. a remarkable crater row; good test for definition.
Plates XII., XIII. Ninth and tenth days.

150. TRIESNECKER.--Small ring plain; 14 miles. Terraced wall
5,000 feet. Remarkable cleft-system on W. Rather delicate for
small telescopes. Plate XIII. Seventh and eighth days.

158. HYGINUS.--Crater-pit 3·7 miles. Remarkable cleft runs
through it; visible with 2-inch: connected with Ariadæus rill
to W., which also an object for a 2-inch. Dark spot to N.W.
on Mare Vaporum named Hyginus N. Has been suspected to be new
formation. Plate XII. Seventh day.

168. ERATOSTHENES.--Fine ring plain at end of Apennines; 38
miles. Terraced wall 16,000 feet above interior, which is
8,000 feet below Mare Imbrium. Fine central mountain. Plate
XIII. Remarkable contrast to 148 Stadius, which has wall only
200 feet, with numbers of craters on floor. Ninth and tenth
days.

175. HERODOTUS; 176. ARISTARCHUS.--Interesting pair. 175 is 23
miles; 4,000 feet. Floor very dusky. Great serpentine valley;
most interesting object. Easy with 2-inch. 176 is most
brilliant crater on moon; 28 miles; 6,000 feet. Central peak
very bright. Readily seen on dark part of moon by earth-shine.
Plates XII., XIII. Twelfth day.

188. LINNÉ.--Small crater on M. Serenitatis near N.W. end of
Apennines. Suspected of change, but varies much in appearance
under different lights. Visible on Plate XVII. as whitish oval
patch to left of end of Apennines. Seventh day.

191. ARCHIMEDES.--Fifty miles; 7,000 feet. Floor very flat;
crossed by alternate bright and dark zones. Makes with 189 and
190 fine group well shown Plate XVII. Eighth day.

208. EUDOXUS; 209. ARISTOTELES.--Beautiful pair of ring
plains. 208 is 40 miles. Walls much terraced; 10,000 to 11,000
feet; 209 is 60 miles; 11,000 feet. Plate XVII. Sixth and
seventh days.

210. PLATO.--Great walled plain; 60 miles; 7,400 feet. Dark
grey floor, which exhibits curious changes of colour under
different lights, also spots and streaks too difficult for
small telescope. Landslip on E. side. Shadows very fine at
sunrise. Plates XII., XIII. Ninth day.

211. PICO.--Isolated mountain; 7,000 to 8,000 feet. S. of 210.
Casts fine shadow when near terminator. Ninth and tenth days.

228. ATLAS; 229. HERCULES.--Beautiful pair. 228 is 55 miles;
11,000 feet. Small but distinct central mountain. 229 is
46 miles. Wall reaches same height as 228, and is finely
terraced. Landslip on N. wall. Conspicuous crater on floor.
Plate XI. Fifth day.