Chapter II: MARCUS ANTONIUS, issue two daughters, Antonia I, Antonia II

Antonia I married L. Domitius Abenobarbus, and thus became
one of the grandmothers of the Emperor Nero.

Antonia II married Drusus I, issue Germanicus, Claudius,
who succeeded Caligula as Emperor, Livilla. Germanicus
married Agrippina I, Claudius eventually married
Agrippina II. Livilla married Drusus II, the son of
Tiberius.

MARCUS ANTONIUS

His blood ran in the family through his two daughters, Antonia I and Antonia II; his sons by his first wife, Fulvia, did not marry into the Julian or Claudian families; one of them was put to death as a paramour of Julia I.

TIBERIUS CLAUDIUS NERO

married Livia, issue two sons, Tiberius the Emperor and Drusus I.

Tiberius married first Vipsania, daughter of Agrippa by his first
wife, Pomponia, who was daughter of Pomponius Atticus, the
banker, and friend of Cicero, issue one son, Drusus II, married
Livilla, issue one son, Tiberius, murdered by Caligula.

Secondly, Julia I, daughter of Augustus, no issue.

Drusus I married Antonia II, issue Germanicus, Claudius, Livilla.
Germanicus married Agrippina I, daughter of Julia I,
granddaughter of Augustus and M. Vipsanius Agrippa; issue Nero
I, Drusus III, Caius (Caligula) Agrippina II, Drusilla, Julia
Livilla who married M. Vinicius, the friend of Paterculus.

These are the six children whose claims to represent the true
Julian stock were so vehemently asserted by their mother,
Agrippina I. They derived their Julian blood from Octavia,
through their grandmother Antonia II, on the father’s side,
and from Augustus through their grandmother, Julia I, on the
mother’s side.

MARCUS VIPSANIUS AGRIPPA

married

I. Pomponia, issue Vipsania the first wife of Tiberius, she was
thus the mother of Drusus II; after her divorce from Tiberius
she married Caius Asinius Gallus.

II. Marcella I, sister to “tu Marcellus eris,” daughter of Octavia
by her first husband, no issue; after her divorce she married
Julius Antonius.

III. Julia I, daughter of Augustus, and his only child; issue Caius
Cæsar, Lucius Cæsar, Julia II, Agrippina I, Agrippa Postumus;
on the death of Agrippa, Julia I married Tiberius, she was
afterwards divorced and banished on account of misconduct,
which appears to have been political, at least as much as it
was adulterous.

Caius Cæsar died without issue.

Lucius Cæsar died without issue.

(After being regarded as the probable heirs of
Augustus.)

Julia II married an Æmilius Paullus, but was banished like
her mother for similar reasons.

Agrippina I married Germanicus.

Agrippa Postumus, the intractable, was banished by
Augustus, and put out of the way at the accession of
Tiberius; by whose orders is not definitely certain.

Through Agrippina the obscure Agrippa was the grandfather of one Emperor, Caligula, and the great grandfather of another, Nero.

INDEX

A

Achaia demands to be transferred to Imperial provinces, 313, 336, 357

Actium, battle of, 107, 122

Actors in Rome, 359
Banished, 361

Ædiles and sumptuary laws, 362, 366, 367

Africa a Senatorial province, 357

Agrippa:
As general, 217
Campaign in Illyria, 225
Death, 173
In Octavian’s household, 145, 168, 169, 172
Minister for war, 153
Sketch of career, 116

Agrippa, Fonteius, 326

Agrippa, grandson of Herod, friend of Caligula, 426

Agrippa Postumus, 249
Banished, 249, 256
Put to death, 257

Agrippina the younger, Memoirs, 266, 292, 329, 333, 398, 402, 425

Agrippina, wife of Germanicus, 211, 249, 269, 332, 338
Conduct after her husband’s death, 341, 343, 345, 350, 400
Banished, 409
Character, 288
Recalled, 425
Starts for Trêves, 284

Alexander:
Combines city state with Imperial organization, 7
Effects of his conquests, 5
Fragments of empire, 7
Policy, 8

Alexandria:
Antonius’ triumph at, 121
Insurrection in, 87
Jews in, 372

Aliso, Drusus fortifies camp at, 226, 239

Alpine tribes defeated, 225

Antonia, wife of Drusus, 152, 172, 176, 198, 335
In charge of Caligula and his sisters, 410

Antonian family, 168

Antonius, Julius, commits suicide, 190

Antonius, Lucius:
At Præneste, 88
Character, 99
Joins Constitutional party, 98
Perusine war, 58

Antonius, Marcus:
Alliance with Cleopatra, 120
At Mutina, 97
Character, 119, 126
Conduct after Cæsar’s death, 93, 111, 142
Expeditions against Parthians, 155
Extravagance, 58
Goes to East, 98, 115, 120
Power wielded by, 215
Share of empire, 118,119
Snatch at supreme power, 301
Tyrant of conventional type, 8

Antony (_see_ Antonius Marcus)

Apicata, wife of Sejanus, 400, 413

Apicius the Epicure, 385

Apion the Greek, nickname, 373

Apollonia, Octavian at, 94

Appian Aqueduct, 85

Appian Way, 85

Apuleius:
Accused of magic, 194
Object of travels, 132

Aretas of Arabia, 154

Ariovistus, advance of, 89

Aristogiton, principles of, 8

Armenia:
Dynastic troubles in, 336
Rulers of, 154

Arminius adopts Roman military system, 220
Rising of, 239

Arpinum, privileges of Roman citizenship, 37

Arruntius, L., suicide, 262

Asia Minor:
Commercial cities of, 98
Roman citizens massacred in, 13

Asprenas, Lucius, decision of, 239

Astronomy and astrology, 193

Atellan farce, 361

Athenian Constitution and Rome, 56

Athens:
As place of residence, 192
Constitution provided by Cleisthenes, 16
Politics of, 8

Atticus, Pomponius, 169

Augsburg, Roman military colony at, 235

Augur, functions of, 48

Augustus (_see_ Octavian)

Augustales, 135

B

Bacchus, worship of, 368

Bassus, Ventidius, 155
Career, 273

Bato, Pannonian chief, 238

Bithynia, a Senatorial province, 308, 336

Blæsus, Junius, 391
Arrests ringleaders of mutiny, 277

Brundisium, Octavian lands at, 94, 96

Brutus, Decimus, besieged at Mutina, 97

Brutus’ suicide, difference between Cato’s and, 55

Bull fights, 74

C

Cæcina, Aulus, commander of Lower Army on Rhine, 281, 285

Cæpio, conspiracy of, 246

Cæsar, Agrippa, 200

Cæsar, Caius, 172, 174, 198
Attitude towards Tiberius, 207
Death, 209
Training, 200

Cæsar, Julius:
Adopts Octavian, 94
Assassination, 91
Attitude towards Senate, 45, 55, 90, 127
Duration of absolute power, 108
Party supporting, 58
Portrait in British Museum, 141
Power wielded by, 215
Reliance on army, 123
Sketch of career, 88 _seqq._
State of empire after his death, 106

Cæsar, Lucius, 172, 198, 208
Death, 209
Training, 200

Cæsars and Equestrian Order, 22

Caligula (Caius), 249
Adopted by Tiberius, 426
Ashamed of his descent, 387
Burns private notes of Tiberius, 211
Extravagancies only felt in Rome, 384, 415
Jealous of other divinities, 135
Meaning of nickname, 250
Pet of soldiers, 285, 287

Calpurnia, wife of Julius Cæsar, 337

Cappadocia, an Imperial province, 336, 357

Capreæ, Tiberius in, 396, 420 _seqq._

Capua, territory confiscated by Rome, 99

Carthage:
Destruction of, 10
Her dominion in Mediterranean, 6

Cassius plunders cities of Asia Minor, 98

Cato’s suicide:
Attitude of contemporaries towards, 52
Difference between suicide of Brutus and, 55

Catullus, native of Cis-Alpine Gaul, 119

Catus, Firmius, 324, 326

Celer, Propertius, desires to retire from Senatorial Order, 311

Celsus, Horace’s letter to, 157

Censor:
Enrolled members of Equestrian Order, 16, 18
Power of, 50, 255
Revised list of Senate, 43

Censorinus, death of, 208

Chærea, Cassius, centurion, 282

Chaldæans expelled from Italy, 369

Cicero:
As governor of frontier province, 15
As politician, 9
Conception of early empire, 88
Conducts case against Verres, 19
Example of advocate, 321
In Rome after Cæsar’s death, 93
Judgment of reformers, 56
Native of Arpinum, 37
On “the Roman people,” 11, 34
Picture of slavery, 69
Second Philippic, 114
Treatment of Tiro, 77
Wishes to remodel Rome on Athenian Constitution, 55

Cimbrians, invasion of, 6, 13

Cinna:
Forces reforms on Senate, 56
Proscribed, 57

Claudia Pulchra, accusation against, 401

Claudian family, 168, 250, 407
Associations with, 3
Connexion with Rome, 85

Claudian Marcellan family, 168

Claudius, Appius, Censor, B.C. 312, 85, 86, 190

Claudius, Emperor:
Portrait, 141
Sketch of, 148

Claudius Nero defeats Hasdrubal, 86

Claudius Pulcher, 86, 127

Cleisthenes provides constitution for Athens, 16

Cleopatra, alliance with Antony, 120

Cleopatra and Antony: amusements at Alexandria, 177

Cologne, mutineers at, 284

Comitia Centuriata, 11

Comitia Tributa and rabble, 11

Consuls, election of, 319

Corinth, mercantile importance, 192

Corsica, territorial province, 23

Cotys, King of Thrace, 394

Crispinus, Cæpio, charge against G. Marcellus, 307

Crispinus, Quintius, 190

Crispus, C. Sallustius, advice to Tiberius, 257

Cromwell, Oliver:
Claims special providence, 136
Forced to rely on military organization, 123

Curia, attitude towards monarchy, 3

D

Dalmatians, 219
Speak Latin, 220

Dangerous tracks, injuries to workers in, 62

Dictatorship an absolute monarchy, 54

Dio on Drusus’ death, 388

Dionysius on relations of patron and client, 30

Dolabella, son-in-law of Cicero, 97
Plunders cities of Asia Minor, 98, 120

Domitian, extravagancies only felt in Rome, 384

Drusus Livius, father of Livia and grandfather of Tiberius, 53, 58
Forces reforms on Senate, 56
Political programme, 36

Drusus, Nero Claudius, brother of Tiberius, 150
Death, 183, 227
Marries Antonia, 172
Prefect of city, 402
Victory in Alps, 225

Drusus, son of Agrippina, 424, 425

Drusus, son of Tiberius:
Character, 332
Death, 353, 388, 400, 407
Funeral, 390
Introduced to public life, 209
Marries sister of Germanicus, 250
Presides at gladiatorial shows, 313
Reception of Piso, 343
Remedies grievances of mutineers, 278
Succeeds Germanicus, 287, 332

E

Eastern Mediterranean, first period of conquest in, 10

Egypt as granary for Rome, 368

Electors and free government, 31

Elymas the sorcerer, 195

Emperor an institution at death of Tiberius, 3

England:
Caricatures in papers, 359
Expansion of, 34
Rules of party government, 302
Significance of Roman walls in, 221

English army, policy of recruiting for, 228, 275, 276

Englishman, attitude towards law, 9

Englishmen, political careers open to, 17

Ephesus, flourishing state of, 192

Equestrian Order:
Admission to, 18, 73
Growth of, 14 _seqq._
Origin of, 16
Ranged against Senate, 19, 20
Represents civil administration and financiers, 51
Represents party of empire, 21
Slaves rising through, 70

Essenians, 373

F

Falanius, accusations against, 306

Felix, Procurator of Judæa, a freed man, 70

Fimbria forces reforms on Senate, 56

Flaccus, M. Verrius, taught Augustus’ grandchildren, 72

Flamen Dialis, 375

Florus, Julius:
Accompanies Tiberius to Armenia, 156
Horace’s letter to, 156
Social rank, 91

Fulvia, wife of Marcus Antonius, 98, 114
At Præneste, 88
Character, 99

G

Gallic chieftains in communication with Rome, 219

Gallus, C. Asinius, husband of Vipsania, 181, 262, 390, 414

Gallus, Cornelius, Transalpine Gaul, 91, 119, 152, 248

Gallus, Licinus, 248

Gaul:
Cæsar’s conquest of, 89, 96
Position in empire, 119

Gauls, invasions of, 6

Generals of Augustan age, 217

Germanic tribes:
Civilization of, 219
Defeat M. Lollius, 224

Germanicus:
Character, 332
Conducts census of Gaul, 281
Death, 331, 341, 342
Destined successor to Tiberius, 331
Endeavours to quell mutiny, 282, 284
Finishes Pannonian war, 238, 250
Loyalty of, 259, 290
Marries Agrippina, 173
Proconsul of eastern frontier, 287, 336
Proconsul of Gaul, 269
Recalled, 289
Relations with Piso, 339, 349
Tour in Egypt, 340
Travels in East, 132

Gladiators, 75

Glaucia forces reforms on Senate, 56

Gnipho, M. Antonius, gave lessons in Cæsar’s house, 71

Gracchus, Caius, liberal schemes, 35

Gracchus, Tiberius, attempts agrarian legislation, 35

Greek ideals of city state, 7

Greek influence on Romans, 46, 53

H

Hannibal, invasion of, 6

Harmodius, principles of, 8

Hasdrubal defeated by Claudius Nero, 86

Hawthorne, plot of _Transformation_, 138

Hercynian forest, 222, 234

Herod Antipas, 426

Herod family, 147

Herod the Great, 338
Policy, 154

Herodotus, temper of, 132

Hesiod, _Farm and the Calendar_, 133

Hesiod, unitarian tendencies, 132

Hispo, charges against G. Marcellus, 307

Historians between deaths of Augustus and Vespasian, 2

Horace:
Allusion to M. Verrius Flaccus, 72
Compliments to Augustus, 160
Epistles, Book I, 160
Jests at Jewish Sabbath, 137
Journey from Rome to Brundisium, 106
Letter to Celsus quoted, 157
Letter to Julius Florus quoted, 156
Letter to Tiberius quoted, 161
Letters to Lollius, 158, 201, 202
Moral earnestness, 158
Ode to Lollius, 204
On character of Tiberius, 154
On merits of simplicity, 153
On Roman empire, 5
Picture of slavery, 69
Reminds Romans of their debt to Neros, 86

Hortalus, case of, 377

Hortensius, example of advocate, 321

Hypnotism, 194

I

Iapygia, Antonius descends on coast of, 121

Italian agriculture depressed, 39

Italian superstition, 134

Italy drained of free population, 65

J

Jerusalem, Roman generals at, 372

Jews:
Attitude towards other religions, 370
Influence of their faith on educated classes at Rome, 137
Persecution of, 369
Protest against worship of Augustus, 135
Sketch of their customs, 370

Josephus:
Boast about Sabbath, 137
On Agrippa, 427
References to Livia, 175

Judæa unquiet, 336

Judas Maccabæus:
Asks help from Senate, 12
Respect for Senate, 50

Jugurtha defies Senate, 12, 42

Julia, Augustus’ daughter, 169, 175
Banished, 190
Her character, 176, 178, 186
Wife of Agrippa, 171
Wife of Marcellus, 170
Wife of Tiberius, 173, 182

Julian family, 3, 168, 407
Attitude towards Tiberius, 214

L

Leland, Charles, on traces of faith in Fauns and Satyrs, 138

Lentulus, Gnæus, 279

Lepidus, Marcus, 229, 248, 390
Defends Piso, 344
Holds office under Tiberius, 262
Proconsul, 93, 97, 98, 118
Stops mutiny in Spain, 286

Lex Majestatis, 303, 320, 355
History of, 304

Liberators:
Attitude towards Octavian, 94, 110
Position after Cæsar’s death, 93

Libo, Drusus Scribonius, case of, 323 _seqq._
Suicide, 327

Licinus, governor of S. Gaul, 224

Livia, wife of Tiberius Nero and of Octavian, 80, 102, 104
Agrippa Postumus and, 258
Attitude towards Tiberius, 198
Character, 175
Death, 398
Friend of Plancina, 338, 350
Hatred of Agrippina, 332
Portraits, 175
Skilled in intrigue, 167, 177

Livian family, 4

Livilla, wife of Drusus, 399, 402, 406

Livy, _History_ of, 387
Native of Cis-Alpine Gaul, 119
On Servian Constitution, 16

Lollius, Marcus, 158, 201 _seqq._
Adviser to Caius Cæsar, 200
Death, 208
Defeated by German tribes, 224

Lombards, 232

M

Macedonia:
Demands to be transferred to Imperial provinces, 313, 336
Devastated, 235

Macedonian empire, 125

Macro, commander at Capreæ, 411, 428

Macro, Pompeius, Prætor, 304

Mæcenas, C. Cilnius:
Death, 183
Friend of Horace, 159
Friend of Octavian, 111
His manners, 151
Journey from Rome to Brundisium, 107
Master of finance and diplomacy, 153

Magians, 370, 373

Magic, 328

Maluginensis, Servius, Flamen Dialis, 375

Mamaloi of Hayti, knowledge of poisons, 375

Marcellus, death of, 170

Marcellus, Granius, Governor of Bithynia, accusations against, 306

Marcellus, M. Pomponius, 71
Reproves Tiberius for solecism, 73

Marcius killed, 329

Marion Crawford, description of Roman palaces, 144

Marius, C.:
Incapacity of, 57
Influence in Roman politics, 36
Native of Arpinum, 37
Power wielded by, 215
Reliance on army, 123
Reorganization of army, 37

Maroboduus, King of Marcomanni:
Adopts Roman military system, 220
Conception of German Empire, 233

Martina, poisoner, 346

Mediterranean, piracy not quelled in, 54

Merivale on policy of Augustus, 221

Messala, Marcus Valerius, hails Augustus as “Father of his country,”
245

Metaurus, battle of the, 86

Mithridates defies Senate, 13

Mommsen on “ablest of Roman Emperors,” 84

Munda, Pompeius’ sons defeated at, 94, 101

Murena, conspiracy of, 246

Mutina, Decimus Brutus besieged at, 97

Mutinies in Pannonia and on Rhine, 270 _seqq._

N

Napoleon, army of spies, 124

Nauportus, news of mutiny reaches, 276

Negro slavery in America, 60, 77

Nero:
Courts popular favour, 403
Extravagancies only felt in Rome, 384, 415
Line of Cæsars ended in, 292
Recalled from banishment, 425

Nicopolis, Germanicus and Drusus meet at, 339

O

Octavia, wife of Antonius, 124, 150, 169

Octavian:
A great civilian, 109, 122, 124
Adopts Tiberius, 210, 251
Amnesty to S. Pompeius, 102, 115
Asserts legal rights, 97
“Augustus,” significance of, 129
Character, 113, 127, 128, 135, 139
Conduct after Cæsar’s death, 94, 110
Connexions, 126, 128
Conspiracies against, 246
Death, 1, 4, 79 _seqq._, 252
Dislike to army, 124, 125, 222
Empire of, 118
Exceptional man, 255
Funeral ceremonies, 81
Household, 103, 150, 152, 168, 172, 249
Hostile forces in, 175, 191
In Gaul, 224, 226
Invites Horace to be his private secretary, 127, 159
Julian laws of, 358
Lands at Brundisium, 94, 96
Last years, 245
Letters, fragments of, 211
Marriage, 102, 104, 114
Orator, 153
Overtures to Cicero, 112, 113, 114
Palace, 145
Panegyrics on, 80
Patronage, 246
Personal appearance, 141
Policy, 58, 142, 171, 221, 242, 290
Policy towards Senate, 50, 262
Popularity, 110
Princeps Senatus, 165
Progress to East, 154
Relations with Tiberius, 211, 214
Remodels army, 115
Scheme of representative government, 382
Successor, 83
Tiberius Nero associated with, 88
Vision of hereditary succession, 165
Worship of, 134, 226, 299, 306

Octavian family, 3

Orbilius, teacher of Horace, 71, 72

Ovid:
_Fasti_, 387
On barbarians at Tomi, 221
Withdraws from Rome, 246

P

Pallas, a freedman of Claudius, 70

Pandateria Isle:
Agrippina banished to, 409
Julia banished to, 190

Pannonia:
Army, how reinforced, 270
Mutiny in, 270 _seqq._, 392
Tiberius’ campaigns in, 226

Pannonians, 219

Pantheon, dome of, 116

Papaloi of Hayti, knowledge of poisons, 375

Parthians:
Antonius’ victory over, 121
Expeditions against, 155
Show signs of restlessness, 336

Paterculus, C. Velleius:
Associated with Tiberius Nero, 88, 100
Commits suicide, 100, 104

Paterculus, Velleius:
Accompanies Tiberius in campaigns, 231, 236
Epitome of Roman history, 229
Indifferent to chronology, 224
Narrative, 2
On age of Tiberius, 104
Fidelity, 77
Germanicus, 332
M. Lollius and Tiberius, 201
Rule of Tiberius, 354
Sejanus, 387, 391
Young Cæsars, 210
Praises Tiberius for discrimination, 312

Patricians and plebeians, distinction between, 45

Paulus, L. Æmilius, marries Julia’s daughter, 210, 246, 257

Percennius:
Killed, 279
On grievances of soldiers, 271
Speech to soldiers quoted, 274

Pergamus, rights of sanctuary in temple of Æsculapius, 376

Perusia, siege of, 99, 100

Petronius, slaves in _Satyricon_, 70

Philippi, battle at, 98, 104

Philo the Jew, picture of Caligula, 427

Piso, Gnæus, Governor of Syria, 263, 308, 337
Conduct to Germanicus, 338 _seqq._, 349
Suicide, 347, 352
Trial of, 343

Piso, Lucius, 390
Prætor, 334, 337

Piso, Marcus:
Advice to his father, 342
Tiberius bestows his father’s property on, 348

Pituarius thrown from Tarpeian rock, 329

Planasia Isle, Agrippa Postumus in, 256

Plancina, wife of Gnæus Piso, 338, 339, 340, 342, 350
Charges against, 348, 351

Plancus:
At Alexandria, 126
Suggests use of “Augustus,” 130

Plato, politics of _Republic_, 8, 56

Pliny (elder):
Account of journey of Tiberius, 183
On Tiberius, 162

Polybius, respect for Senate, 50

Polytheism, 132, 138, 374

Pompeius, Sextus, 98
Brigandage of, 58
Descent on coast of Iapygia, 121
Native of Picenum, 37
Power wielded by, 215
“Province” assigned to, 23
Reliance on army, 123
Seizes Sicily, 101, 107

Pontifex Maximus, 255
Functions, 48

Pontius Pilate, Governor of Judæa, 273

Portents, faith in, 138

Præneste, fall of, 88

Prætorian guards organized, 392

Prætors, 320
Right to beat actors, 360

Princeps, 255

Probus, Valerius, 71

_Punch_, cartoons in, 360

Pyrrhus, invasion of, 6

R

Republic and empire, 2, 4

Rhine:
Mutiny on, 280 _seqq._, 392
Importance of, 290
Romanized, 227

Rhodes, flourishing state of, 192

Rome:
As universal peacemaker and ruler, 23
Disturbances after death of Sejanus, 412, 416
Fires in, 396, 397
Food supplies from Sicily, Africa and Sardinia, 39
Government of city, 59
Indifferent to municipal matters, 381
Prefect of city, 166
Resident aliens in, 27
Riot in theatre, 315
Umpire of world, 125

Roman armies:
Barrack system, 395
Centurion, position of, 273
Concessions to soldiers, 283, 286
“Garrison” service, 272
Grievances of soldiers, 271, 272, 273
On Rhine frontier, 281
Pay of soldier, 272
Prætorian guard, 392
Recruiting for, 6, 38, 65, 76, 227, 241, 270, 275
Superstition of soldiers, 279

Roman Civil Service (_see_ Equestrian Order)

Roman electorate, 31, 33, 34

Roman Empire:
A religion as well as a state, 140
Area of wars, 107, 122
Change of officials, 317
Christianity and, 430
Conquests:
Conditions of, 6
Effects of, 5
Organization, 7
Constitution:
Hereditary succession, 164
People an organized part of, 11
Theories on, 8, 31
Working changed, 32, 34
Decentralized, 247
Expansion of, 1 _seqq._
Finances, 228
Frontiers vulnerable, 217
How broken up, 228
Imperial Executive founded on Equestrian Order, 15
Information from authors on, 2
Local life of, 382
Policy to allies, 33
Politics of, 4
Popular government a legal fiction, 12
“Province”:
Division of, 59, 313, 357
Signification of, 22
Slavery in, 60
State prosecutions, 321
Supreme Court of Appeal, 382
Taxes farmed, 14
Tendency of, 75
Wars forced on, 6
Wars of aggression, 6
(_See_ also Equestrian Order, etc.)

Roman family a community, 147

Roman generals, 216

Roman history:
Connexion of great houses with, 146
Greek influence on, 53
Turning point of, 6

Roman law courts, 310

Roman palaces, 144

Roman people:
As financiers, 13
Character, 40, 41
Citizen privileges, 27
Composed of three elements, 47
Diversions, 177
Early marriages, 168
Estimate of generals, 216
Faith in portents, 138
Gods of, 130, 133, 134, 226
Individual independence, 25, 26
Legal temperament, 9, 40, 46
Legends of early history, 47
Love of spectacular bloodshed, 74, 314, 362
Meaning of phrase, 24, 41
Morality and religion, 133
No affection for Rome or Senate, 40
Patrons and clients, 28, 29, 30, 321
Religion and superstition, 131
Religious temperament, 47
Roman nobles, territorial magnates, 29
Roman residents in Asia Minor, 13
Rule of, 41
Senatorial career, 17
Sympathy with army, 40
Training of young, 147, 149
Two political careers open to, 16
(_See_ also Equestrian Order)

Roman Proconsul:
Only check upon, 19
Power in province, 20

Roman Senate:
Admission jealously guarded to, 73
Advisory council to Emperors, 58, 256
Affection of its members and adherents, 52
Aristocratic nature of, 44
As court of justice, 380
Attitude of Senators:
Towards Cæsar, 55
Towards Sejanus, 388, 391, 398
Towards Tiberius, 258, 261
Cabinet system in, 262
Cæsar and, 90
Decision on rights of sanctuary, 377
Divided into groups, 31
Duties of Senators, 320
Equality of members, 54
Equestrian Order and, 19, 20
Functions of, 45, 48, 49, 50, 358
Governorships, 247
Never formally disestablished, 59
Not _representative_ of people, 24
Oath to Emperor, 301
Of different Emperors, 1
Offers Tiberius title of “Father of his Country,” 300
Parties in, 50, 56
Sections of, 57
Prosecutions after conspiracy of Sejanus, 412, 414, 416
Provincial Governors, power of, 382
Questions for Senators to settle, 51
Religious intolerance, 368, 375
Represents party of ancient oligarchy, 21
Resistance to reforms, 52
Senators’ fear of magic, 328
Sketch of, 12, 42 _seqq._
Sumptuary laws, 362
Tiberius and, 253 _seqq._

Roman women, position of, 167

Rubrius, accusation against, 306

S

Sabinus, Poppæus, 316

St. Paul:
“Appeal to Cæsar,” 184
Journeys from Puteoli to Rome, 62

Samos, flourishing state of, 192

Sanctuary, rights of, 376

Sardinia, territorial province, 23, 369

Saturninus, Sentius:
Acts in combination with Tiberius, 234
Forces reforms on Senate, 56

Scipio Æmilianus studies Greek political writers, 34

Scipio, relative of Julia, 190

Scribonia, wife of Octavian, 103, 150, 169

Sejanus, Ælius:
Account of, 385 _seqq._
Adviser to Drusus, 278
As Commander-in-Chief in Italy, 394
Conspiracy, 2
Fall of, 230, 399, 412
Opposition to, 398
Organized Prætorian guards, 392
Regent, 396

Seneca, jest on apotheosis of Claudius, 141

Sentius, Gnæus, Governor of Syria, 341

Serenus, Vibius, states charges against Libo, 326

Servian Constitution and Equestrian Order, 16

Sibylline books consulted, 47

Sicily, territorial province, 23

Silius, commander of Upper Army on Rhine, 281

Simon Magus, 195

Slavery, 60 _seqq._
Agricultural slaves, 62, 65, 68, 78
Captives in war in, 70, 73
Condition of slaves in ancient world, 63
Cosmopolitan influence of, 70, 76
Domestic slavery, 66
Earnings of slaves, 67
Emancipation, 76
Immunities, 64
“Libertus,” 74
Not demoralizing to ancients, 77
Political disqualifications, 64
Slave barracks, 65, 68
Slave’s relation to his patron, 30
“They of Cæsar’s household,” 74

Smyrna, flourishing state of, 192

Society, difference between ancient and modern, 26

Stevenson, R. L., moral earnestness, 158

Strabo, Seius, 385

Stuart dynasty, attitude of adherents towards, 52

Suetonius:
Biographies of schoolmaster freedmen, 71
Fragments of Octavian’s letters, 211
Idle tales of, 430
Indifferent to chronology, 224
On banishment of devotees of Bacchus, 369
M. Lollius and Tiberius, 201
M. Verrius Flaccus, 72
Tiberius and Caius Cæsar, 207
Tiberius’ expenditure, 363
Tiberius in Capreæ, 421
Tiberius in German wars, 237
Tiberius’ refusal of divine honours, 137
Tiberius’ refusal of title of “Father of his Country,” 300
Sources of information, 293
Stories of Tiberius in Rhodes, 197

Sulla:
Decree on Senators, 43
Gives back jurisdiction to Senate, 21
Grants new lease of power to Senate, 90
Power wielded by, 215
Proscribed, 57
Reliance on army, 123

Sumptuary laws, 362
Tiberius’ attitude on, 366

Syria, an Imperial Province, 337

T

Tacitus:
_Annals_, gap in, 2
Period covered by, 356, 409
Quoted, 316
As historian, 357
Attitude towards Tiberius, 430
Conception of early empire, 88
Mentions schoolmaster freedman, a Senator, 73
Narrative of Tiberius and his reign, 263, 265
Instance of misrepresentation, 266
On Caligula, 427
Crispus’ advice to Tiberius, 257
Election of Consuls, 319
Lex Majestatis, 302, 303, 305, 307
Perversion of Tiberius, 353
Policy of Augustus, 221
Secrets of Empire, 154
Tiberius, 293 _seqq._
Tiberius refusing divine honours, 137
Trial of Piso, 351
References to Livia, 175
Sources of information, 293

Tarragona, temple to Augustus at, 315

Tatius, Titius, consort of Romulus, 85

Teutons:
Invasion of, 6, 13
Inadequate provision to repel, 54

Thrasyllus, the “Mathematician,” 195, 369, 373
Accompanies Tiberius to Capreæ, 421

Tiber, floods in, 312

Tiberius, Claudius Nero, father of Emperor:
Attitude towards Cæsar, 58, 92
Death, 105
Flees to Corinth, 102
His character, 103
In Sicily, 101
Joins Constitutional party, 98
Marries Livia, 102, 104
Mission to Campania, 99
Returns to Rome, 102
Sketch of career, 87

Tiberius, Emperor:
Accession, 253 _seqq._
Accompanies Octavian to Spain, 153
Action after death of Sejanus, 413
Address on army, 394
Address on sumptuary laws quoted, 363
Adopted by Augustus, 210, 251
Adopts Caligula, 426
Adopts Germanicus and Agrippa Postumus, 251
As General, 243
As Imperator, 278
Attached to Drusus, 150
Attitude towards Senate, 353 _seqq._
Bitterness of writers against, 3
Campaigns, 174, 186, 211, 215 _seqq._
Against Maroboduus, 233
Combined movements, 244
Defence of vulnerable frontiers, 219, 227
Gallic, 225
Germanic, 231, 243
Avenges Varus, 241
In Pannonia, 226, 235
Spanish, 223
Character, 253, 296, 299, 314, 411, 422, 429
Evidence on, 294
Colleague and successor of Augustus, 83, 187
Commands army against Parthians, 155
Concessions to mutinous armies, 286
Conduct to Livia, 333, 334
Constitutional theory, 261, 302
Day in Rome, how spent, 418
Death, 428
Descent, 86
Destroys popularity, 361
Education, 149 _seqq._
Fall of, 399
Flight to Rhodes, 184
Cause of, 189
Funeral, 431
Governor of Transalpine Gaul, 224
Grant to Propertius Celer, 311
His life interesting, 83
Holds Egypt as granary, 368
Household, rivalries in, 397, 404, 406
In law courts, 310
Letter to Senate, 426
Makes Emperor an institution, 3
Marriages, 172, 173, 182
Nickname, 254
Palace, 191, 209
Personal appearance, 179, 298, 419
Plots against, 331
Policy, 227, 317, 377
On German frontier, 242, 290
Proconsular power, 254
Refuses title of “Father of his Country,” 300
Relations with Augustus, 211, 214
With Sejanus, 386, 396, 411
Reply to Sejanus, 404
Responsible for peace, 417
Retires to Capreæ, 396, 402, 420 _seqq._
Returns to Rome, 209
Skilled civilian, 174
Speech at trial of Piso, 344
On case of Hortalus, 378
Strategy, 225
Studies, 193, 420
Tribune, 184, 197
Wishes to return to Rome, 199, 207

Tiberius the younger, 407, 408, 416, 426

Tiro, Cicero’s secretary, 77

Tomi, barbarians at Roman camp at, 221

Trajan rectifies frontier of Lower Danube, 221

Tribunate, history of, 183

Trio, Fulcinius, professional prosecutor, 325, 343, 348

Tusculum, headquarters of Claudians, 85

U

Urgulania, friend of Livia’s, 334

V

Varius, heroic poems, 152

Varus, Quintilius, Governor of Southern German Marches:
Sketch of career, 239
Slain, 238
Treats Rhine as Roman Province, 227

Verres, trial of, 19, 21

Vescularius, Flaccus, 324

Vespasian:
Averse to luxury, 367
Scepticism of, 136

Vibulenus:
Killed, 279
Oration to soldiers, 277

Vinicius, Marcus, Consul, 229, 230
Marries Julia Livilla, 250, 339

Vinicius, Marcus, General, 231

Vipsania, daughter of Agrippa, 169
Wife of Tiberius, 172, 181

Vipsanian family, 168

Virgil:
Allusion to death of Marcellus, 170
Compliments to Augustus, 160
Legends in _Æneid_, 139
Native of Cis-Alpine Gaul, 119
On merits of simplicity, 153
Roman Empire, 5

Vitellius, Lucius, 426

Vonones removed by Germanicus, 340

W

War, captives reckoned as profits of, 70

Washington, T. Booker, attitude towards slave owners, 60

X

Xiphilinus, epitome of Dio Cassius, 138

Butler & Tanner, The Selwood Printing Works, Frome, and London.

Transcriber’s Notes

Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in the original book; otherwise they were not changed.

Simple typographical errors were corrected; unbalanced quotation marks were remedied when the change was obvious, and otherwise left unbalanced.

The index was not checked for proper alphabetization or correct page references.

Page 75: “de Sevignê” currently is spelled “de Sévigné”.

Page 392: The two sentences beginning with “How if the mutineers” were printed that way.