Chapter XII (2)

So firm I built it, firm—
And joyed when raging storms around it blew
To see how stanch it stood,
My house of cards, in every part so true.

So fair it was, so fair—
And how I loved it with its gables high
Piercing horizon’s rim,
And with the lark far to the quiet sky.

So much I loved, so much—
I almost thought when close within its gate,
That Heaven had naught to give.
One dashed it down—and I am desolate.

RUTH STERRY.

_Royal Road to Wealth_

COBWIGGER—If you take advantage of your opportunities you will be in comfortable circumstances.

FREDDIE—What must you do in order to get rich, dad?

COBWIGGER—Take advantage of other people’s opportunities.

_The Say of Other Editors_

“A FREE BREAKFAST TABLE”

The recent suggestion of a tariff tax on coffee, probably put out as a feeler, is responsible for the resurrection and reintroduction of the once familiar but never appropriate phrase at the head of this article. It was never appropriate; it was always a sarcastic sneer, rather than a statement of fact, because the memory of the most aged citizen runneth not to the time when “a free breakfast table,” a breakfast table untaxed as to itself, its equipment and the food and drink it bore, could be found in any American home. At this time, under the tariff of 1897, what could be more preposterously absurd than the notion that a tax on coffee would be a decree of banishment for that alleged boon?

The _Post_, being an advocate and defender of the policy of protection, although a condemner and contemner of the outrages incident to the stand-pat policy, is in no hurry to witness the advent of “a free breakfast table”; but the _Post_ prefers that such a crass absurdity, such a stinging satire as this old shibboleth, should be returned forthwith to the dust and darkness from which it was dragged when the coffee tax proposition appeared.

The truth is, you go to breakfast clad in taxed garments, wearing no single article that is not taxed in the tariff; you sit in a chair that is taxed as to all the various materials that enter into it, and taxed as a whole; the table itself is similarly taxed, and we can think of no article on it that is free. Your tablecloth, your napkins and your napkin rings are all in the tariff schedules. Your fish or meat, your vegetables and fruit, your bread, your butter, your rolls, your griddle cakes, your sugar and syrup, your salt, vinegar, pepper, mustard, olive oil and all other condiments show up in the list of things taxed. So is it with your china or other crockery, and your knives, forks and spoons.

And your coffee is free only as to the raw bean. It is roasted over a taxed fire and in a taxed roaster, is stored in taxed receptacles and transported by taxed horses in taxed wagons; when retailed, it goes out in taxed bags, to be deposited in other taxed vessels. Having been ground in a taxed mill, your cook prepares it for the table by using a taxed coffee pot. If you use cream in your “free” coffee you must use taxed cream; if you use sugar in it you must use taxed sugar.

This is the “free breakfast table” whose exit will come if a duty is imposed on the raw coffee bean!—_Washington Post._

* * * * *

That familiar old hymn, “In This Wheat By and Bye,” has lost its attractions for Jawn W. Gates and his accomplices.—_New York American._

* * * * *

FAR-SIGHTED CARLOS MORALES

The United States is now in Santo Domingo; President Roosevelt, with a stroke of the pen, has fixed Don Carlos Morales firmly in the saddle. That cheerful and ingenious bandit begins to enjoy the unearned increment of the “status quo.” He can read now with a smile of the erstwhile terrible preparations of Jiminez and Barba. He can sit in his palace and rake in 45 per cent. of the customs revenues of his republic, collected for him and scrupulously accounted for. That was what Morales wanted, and he is happy. Domestic malice, foreign levy—nothing can touch him further.

If Cipriano Castro had one-tenth of the ingenuity of his brother bandit of the black republic he would have seen long ago that his present policy is foolish. Instead of making faces at the United States, Castro should have been busy inducing the foreigners in his country to set up a concurrent roar. He should have acknowledged the validity of claims of any kind and to any amount, the bigger the better. Then, at the psychological moment, he should have pointed to the imminent danger to the Monroe Doctrine, and begged the United States to enter and preserve order, collect his revenues and pay him a share of the proceeds.

If there is any other Central or South American dictator who is shaky on his pins, now is the time he should apply for relief. Let him take a lesson from Morales and imitate that “prudent and far-seeing statesman.” Forty-five per cent. of the revenues, in clean, hard coin, without work or worry, is better than all the revenues with danger of revolution and dismemberment.

Step up, gentlemen! The United States has a big navy, and it has nothing to do at home. Our duty is to protect our weak and struggling sister republics, and now that the Senate is out of the way, we propose to do it. We shall take right hold, and leave to the future the problem of how to let go.—_Washington Post._

* * * * *

A man was killed at Lancaster, Ontario, while trying to rob a bank. There are still a few of the old-time robbers who have not learned that the proper method of robbing a bank is to work from the inside.—_New York American._

* * * * *

A good sign of awakening conscience is evident by the protest from the ministers against accepting Rockefeller’s money that has been wrested from the people by indirection. The great success of the Standard Oil robberies has spawned upon the country hundreds of such corporations that plunder the public with even more skill than the Standard. If the church accepts this donation it will be as fatal to it as the thirty pieces of silver were to Judas. This protest against the gift by these ministers is a most courageous act. The Standard Oil tactics may lose every one of them their pulpits. The Standard Oil management will stoop to any kind of dirty work to perpetuate the system. They are attempting now to ruin Lawson, and, with all his astuteness and his millions of wealth to back him, they may succeed in doing so. The people should stand by Lawson to a man, and the congregations of these ministers that have dared to affront Rockefeller should see that none of his poisoned arrows reach them.—_The Forum, Denver, Col._

* * * * *

CHRISTIAN CIVILIZATION

We hear much of Christian Civilization, but we do not see so much of it. Let us consider briefly the Christian world:

Russia—Anarchy, rapine, bloodshed, pauperism and starvation.

Austro-Hungary—Disease, strife, strikes, poverty and pauperism of millions.

Italy—Overpopulation, dire poverty, with millions of the people actual beggars, excessive taxation and a practically bankrupt treasury.

England—Army of unemployed, a vast section of the population in a poverty so appalling that it makes one’s heart bleed to read the details.

Ireland—Practically a nation of paupers, not of their own volition either, but as a result of evil laws and customs which have destroyed the hopes of a gallant people.

Spain—Once the proud leader of nations, reduced to the rags and sores of Lazarus.

United States—In the grasp of graft, the people being robbed of their earnings at every turn by a lot of as conscienceless pirates as ever scuttled a ship, and a government apparently impotent.

Everywhere we find more or less the same evil conditions.

Our so-called Christian Civilization is as much like the genuine article as the Texas long-horn is like a thoroughbred Holstein.—_The Commonweal, Atlanta, Ga._

* * * * *

I interpret Dr. Osler to mean: Young man, get a move on you if you want to amount to anything. If you are a failure at forty, you have missed your vocation; your experience may serve you to good purpose, but if you are dependent at sixty, why, “off with your head!”...

Our President says it is very wicked for the mail-carriers to organize and have a man lobby for them; still worse to organize and defeat a Congressman who was blocking their efforts to get better wages and conditions of employment. Why don’t the President call a halt on the corporation lobby (some of them having known offices in Washington with as many as ten clerks) who defeat men and measures. Let this be denied, but we do know that corporations fix nominating conventions where nominations are equivalent to election; especially naming those who say: “I am in the hands of my friends.”—_Ohio Liberty Bell._

* * * * *

The Government issues money and loans it to the national banks at one-half of 1 per cent. per year. This is old party doctrine, for it has prevailed under the rule of both old parties. The People’s Party favors issuing the money direct to the people without the intervention of banking corporations. On this question do you agree with the Populists or old parties?—_Missouri World._

* * * * *

Wouldn’t it be amusing if an individual owned the New York Post-Office, paying sweatshop wages to letter-carriers, working them all hours, discharging them without reason—putting girls in their places as much as possible—and charging twenty-five cents for a letter halfway across the continent?

Wouldn’t it be beautiful if a J. P. Morgan or Mr. August Belmont of the race-track _could_ own all the industries and real estate of New York?

How nicely Mr. Morgan would capitalize such properties in Steel Trust fashion! And what a nice time Mr. Belmont would have with the labor unions! There would be plenty of work for strike-breakers.

The American people believe in public ownership of all properties actually created by the public—and public ownership they are going to have.—_New York Evening Journal._

* * * * *

The slave-owners of today do not realize that they own slaves. And the slaves do not realize that they have owners. Formerly one man owned one, a dozen or a hundred slaves. Occasionally even more than that. Now a hundred thousand men each own a part of every slave. The great mass of the people are slaves to unjust systems, and everyone who profits by these systems is part owner of everyone who loses by them. If there could be a partition suit and every slave owner be set apart his share, the fact that there are slaves today, and millions of them, would be quite plain. It would be found that this man owns fifty slaves, that man a hundred and some as high as fifty thousand. Should the richest girl in the United States be given white girls only as her share of the slaves, she would have a thousand at least—a thousand white girl slaves. Some persons are part slave and part free, because they get a little more than the commonest kind of a living. Sixty million people in the United States are either all or part slave, and the number who are all slave is much greater than that of the black population in the days of chattel slavery. This new slavery exists because the owners do not realize that they are owners and the slaves do not realize that they are slaves. Years ago Mrs. Emery, of Lansing, Mich., wrote a little book, entitled “The Seven Financial Conspiracies Which Have Enslaved the American People.” The way to freedom is financial legislation in the interest of the people.—_Missouri World._

* * * * *

The nation that prepares for war will sooner or later have war. We get just anything we prepare for, and we get nothing else. Everything that happens is a sequence; this happened today because you did that yesterday.—_The Philistine._

* * * * *

In 1896 Mr. Bryan had undisputed control of the organized Democracy and was defeated.

In 1900 he still had control, and was defeated worse than before.

Now, let it be remembered that all the Western Populists, with their newspaper press—including such strong and widely circulated papers as the Nebraska _Independent_, supported him; and let it be further understood that now and in the future he will get no support from Populists or the Populist press; then figure out the lurid prospects Mr. Bryan has of sweeping the country in 1908.

Now, with this actual state of things confronting him, does anyone believe that Mr. Bryan has any hope of reorganizing the shattered ranks and disgraced leaders of the Democracy into a winning party in 1908?

And, if he has no such hope—and in reason he cannot have—what is his purpose putting so much into a cause that he knows is absolutely hopeless?

We can see but one reason for Mr. Bryan’s course, and that is that he intends to prevent the organization of a party that would unite the South and West, and defeat the plutocracy, thus restoring the Government to the original purpose of its great founders.

Mr. Bryan will hold in party slavery a great many Democrats who do not think—and unfortunately they are legion—and thus divide the men who ought to stand together, as it is evident they must fall together, making an easy victory for the Eastern money power.—_People’s Tribune, Prescott, Ark._

* * * * *

“On account of insufficient laws regulating the matter, and the utter disregard of even these, hundreds of workmen, mostly foreigners, are being killed each year in the steel mills, blast furnaces and coal mines.”

Coroner Joseph G. Armstrong made this statement in addressing a jury in the case of a man killed at the plant of the American Steel and Wire Company. It was only a case of “another Hungarian killed in the mills,” as the Coroner expressed it, but Adelbert Merle, the Austro-Hungarian Consul-General in this city, backed by the Coroner, will appeal to the state, and, if necessary, to the Federal authorities, to do something to protect these men.

“During the first month of my term,” said Coroner Armstrong, “one plant alone, the Duquesne plant of the United States Steel Corporation, had twelve separate fatalities. That was the number reported to this office. How many more there were no one may ever know. I went to the officials of the corporation and entered a complaint. Then an order was issued that more care would have to be taken, and next month not a death was reported from the Duquesne plant.”

Said Consul-General Merle:

“A very large number of the Hungarians employed in the mills are American citizens, and some consideration should be given them on that account, if not on the score of humanity. It is proposed to organize the Hungarians and other foreigners who are voters and see if some action cannot be secured in the legislature to compel the mill owners to give better protection to the workmen.”

“The number of fatalities which occur in the steel mills, the blast furnaces and the coal mines in the Pittsburg district are never fully reported,” said an attaché of the consulate. “Scarcely a month goes by that we are not called upon to investigate the case of some workman who is reported to us as having ‘disappeared.’ At present we are working on two such cases. Both are identical as regards details.

“The men were stationed at the top of blast furnaces owned by the United States Steel Corporation to receive the cars of ore as they came up and dump them. There is only a small bridge for them to stand on. One misstep or awkward movement, and the man will follow the ore into the furnace. The men are not missed until it is noticed that the cars are not being dumped. No one knows what has become of them. Their coats and dinner pails await them at the bottom of the elevator, but the men never come to claim them. Then they are reported to have ‘disappeared.’ It is not known positively that they have fallen into the furnace, but there can be no other conclusion.”

The officials of the steel mills say they will do anything in their power to conduce to the safety of the men, and that the foremen in charge are mainly responsible for any dereliction.—_New York World._

* * * * *

If a man should loan money at one-half of 1 per cent., and borrow it back at 8 per cent., and keep this up year after year, his family would have no trouble in getting him put under guardianship. The people through their Government are acting just as foolishly when they issue money to national banks....

A billion and a half of taxes. Another billion and a half of railroad charges. And a billion of interest, not counting the interest on public and railroad debts. A total of four billion dollars. This is the sum the people of the United States must pay each year whether money be scarce or plentiful. Is it any wonder times get harder when money gets scarcer?...

If the people could realize that their hard struggle to keep body and soul together and at the same time lay by a little for old age—making life a mere battle for existence—if they could realize that this struggle is made necessary by the present systems, that prosperity is the natural right of everyone who does his share of labor, they would be more easily induced to vote against monopoly rule. Populists should endeavor to dissatisfy the people with their present condition and show them that they should be getting so much more out of life.—_Missouri World._

* * * * *

LESE-MAJESTE

Because a passing steamer did not regard it necessary to give a tow to the _Sylph_ the other day some of the frenzied Republican newspapers of the North seem to think there will be trouble with the skipper of the afore-mentioned steamer when T. Roosevelt gets back to civilization.

For the _Sylph_, they claim, is the President’s yacht, and certainly there must be punishment, prompt and dire, for any rover of the high seas who dares show lack of deep concern over her.

Lèse-majesté with a vengeance!

Of course, it does not occur to the frenzied Republican press that the _Sylph_ is not the President’s yacht; that she is a vessel of the navy, kept in commission at public expense, and should be used only for public purposes; and that the President has no possible warrant in law for keeping her at Washington or taking her out to sea for the personal pleasure of himself or the members of his family.

If the _Sylph_ is not needed in the active service of the country she ought to be taken out of commission; if she is needed by the navy she should be so used. In either event she is not the President’s yacht, nor should she be utilized as such at public expense.—_Atlanta Constitution._

* * * * *

AUTOMOBILE MANSLAUGHTER

Within one week of the new season five persons have been killed by automobiles in this city, not counting the young man who fell from the “Seeing New York” omnibus. As many more have been very seriously hurt.

The heartlessness of some speed-maddened votaries has been again illustrated. There was the woman who in a Brooklyn street shrieked out: “Go on quickly, Harry; the man is killed!” There is that young man of the reckless rich class, whose autos are debited with two deaths and are a terror to thousands living, caught again running at eighteen miles an hour in the street. That “sports” might scorch to the Aqueduct races a little girl in Elmhurst yielded up her young life.

The man who drives his auto at dangerous speed is as responsible morally for the death he thereby causes as one would be who should fire a revolver at random down the same street and by “accident” kill a victim.

Manslaughter by automobile will continue until it is punished as severely as other manslaughter, and until the certain penalty of illegal speeding is jail, not for the driver, but for the owner.—_New York World._

* * * * *

Mr. Thomas Lawson has tumbled from his lofty pedestal. Multiplied thousands of people in this goodly land of ours were venerating him, were reverencing him—some of them just about beginning to worship him. But he has proven himself to be only common clay. He was leading the van against the iniquities of “frenzied finance,” exposing the chicanery, the fraud, the swindling, the downright stealing every day perpetrated in the Stock Exchange dealings, the manipulation of stocks and bonds and the fleecing of the lambs. Now comes the news that in December last he made in stock speculations, as a votary at the altar of “frenzied finance,” $1,500,000, and in this mild and gentle month of April the comfortable figure of $1,000,000. Alas, alas! and lackaday! He was only human after all. His wings had not even begun to sprout.

Imperious Cæsar, dead and turned to clay,
Might stop a hole to keep the wind away.

—_Southern Mercury._

* * * * *

If Bryan, Hearst and Dunne should succeed in raising the old hulk of Democracy, Cleveland, Hill and Gorman will scuttle it again. Better come out, boys, and take a new ship....

Dr. Washington Gladden is not going to let the Rockefeller gift rest. He says it is the right and duty of every American citizen to sit in judgment on Rockefeller and his methods.—_Forum, Denver._

* * * * *

Judge A. B. Parker, in a speech in New York “Jefferson Day,” said the “defeat of the Democratic Party was emphasized by the unprecedented expenditure of money.” Everybody knows that there was not one-fifth as much used by the Republicans to defeat him as there was to defeat Bryan. Perhaps he meant the “unprecedented” use of money to secure him the nomination. What else could he mean?—_The Jeffersonian, Thomson, Ga._

* * * * *

Stand for the referendum in the management of the business of the Farmers’ Union. By this means you will do away with the boss, especially the political boss. Demand the right to settle your own affairs, and do not leave it to self-constituted leaders.—_The Watchman, Cleburne, Tex._

_News Record_

FROM APRIL 7 TO MAY 7, 1905

_Government and Politics_

April 8.—President Roosevelt made the last speech of his present trip, and left Texas for Oklahoma to hunt.

The South and Central American governments allege to Secretary
Taft that discrimination in freight rates by the Panama
Railroad has restricted direct trade with the United States.

April 9.—President Roosevelt reaches Oklahoma, where he will hunt wolves for a few days.

April 10.—Pension Commissioner Warner discovers a number of pensioners on the rolls who have never served in the United States Army.

Judge Edward F. Dunne is installed Mayor of Chicago.

Commissioner of Corporations Garfield reaches Kansas to begin
an investigation of Standard Oil operations.

The United States Marshal at Chicago seizes six trunks full of
records and accounts of the Etna Trading Company, which are
said to contain damaging evidence against the Beef Trust.

The United States Supreme Court decides that the right of trial
by jury extends to Alaska.

April 11.—The Legislative Investigation Committee, which is making an investigation of the lighting plants of New York City, has subpœnaed Mayor McClellan, Charles F. Murphy and other well-known politicians to appear before the committee.

President Castro refuses to withdraw the asphalt cases from the
Venezuelan courts, claiming that the courts of Venezuela have
jurisdiction over such matters.

Secretary Shaw defends the “drawback” on Canadian wheat.

United States Senator Mitchell, of Oregon, pleads not guilty to
indictments in connection with land frauds in that state.

April 12.—The Executive Committee of the Panama Canal Commission holds its first meeting in Washington, and decides to abolish preferential freight rates on the Panama Railroad.

Clarence E. Darrow is appointed special corporation counsel to
have charge of street railway litigation in Chicago.

April 13.—Four employees of the Beef Trust indicted by the Federal Grand Jury in Chicago for opposing a deputy marshal in serving subpœnas.

Judge Alton B. Parker and Mayor McClellan are the principal
speakers at the New York Jefferson Day banquet. They both urge
harmony and conservatism.

At the Chicago Jefferson dinner Mr. Bryan and Mayor Dunne urge
Government control of public utilities.

Secretary Taft informs the South American Ministers that the
United States will maintain the open door in the Panama Canal
Zone.

Senator Burton, of Kansas, again indicted for acting as
attorney for the Rialto Grain and Securities Company before the
Post-Office Department at Washington.

President Roosevelt leaves Oklahoma for Colorado.

April 16.—The Legislative Investigation Committee inspects the lighting plants of New York City.

National Congress of Women demands equality of the sexes.

The United States agents who were to investigate the land
frauds in Utah have been relieved of duty, undue influence
being charged.

April 17.—Secretary Taft formally takes over the Panama Railway Company for the United States Government.

The Senate Committee on Interstate Commerce begins a hearing on
railroad rates at Washington.

The United States Supreme Court decides that the New York law
limiting the working hours of bakers to ten hours per day is
unconstitutional.

April 18.—Sherman Bell, late Adjutant-General of Colorado, has been offered the command of the army of Venezuela.

V. L. Morawetz, general counsel for the Atchison, Topeka &
Santa Fé Railroad, testifies before the Interstate Commerce
Committee.

The American Asphalt Company asks the United States to obtain
from Venezuela the restoration of its properties until the
courts can decide the question of title.

April 19.—Mayor McClellan and Comptroller Grout appear before the New York Legislative Investigation Committee and testify about the light contracts for New York City.

Mr. Hunter, the builder of the Manchester Canal, has been
selected as one of the consulting engineers by the Panama Canal
Board.

April 20.—Charles F. Murphy denies that he has any interest in the lighting contracts for the city of New York.

Judge Grosscup makes permanent an order restraining the city of
Chicago from enforcing the interchangeable transfer ordinance.

April 21.—The Legislative Committee ends its investigation in New York City. No finding has been made public, though it is understood that there will be a reduction of about 25 per cent. in the cost of lights.

Secretary Hitchcock dismisses eight clerks from the Indian
warehouse in New York for misuse of Government funds.

United States Cruiser _Tacoma_ goes to Santo Domingo to protect
American interests there.

The Executive Committee of the Panama Canal Commission gives a
contract for twenty-four locomotives.

April 22.—The Government summons several Chicago bank officials to testify against the Beef Trust.

April 23.—At a Prohibition meeting in Texas Congressman Pinckney is killed and several others seriously wounded.

April 24.—United States Supreme Court issues mandate for the removal of George W. Bates to Washington for trial on postal fraud charges.

Walter D. Heine makes an argument before the Interstate
Commerce Committee against the regulation of railroad rates by
the Government.

April 25.—Beef Trust sends papers and books wanted by the Chicago Grand Jury to Canada.

Secretary Taft announces that the Government’s acquisition
of the Panama Railway was not for the purpose of affecting
railroad or ocean rates, but for the purpose of acquiring an
instrument with which to construct the canal.

Eight thousand men are now employed on the Panama Canal, and
this force is being added to at the rate of 800 to 1,000 per
month.

The Attorney-General holds that the agreement between the
Government and certain railroads for rebates is valid.

It is believed in Washington that reductions must be made in
the present tariff schedules to meet the deficit in the Federal
Treasury.

April 26.—Negotiations for an immigration treaty between the United States and China have been abandoned.

Postmaster-General Cortelyou notifies the Assistant Postmaster
at Louisville that he must resign as postmaster or as a member
of the State Republican Committee.

Mr. Bowen, the American Minister to Venezuela, charges that
former Minister Loomis, now Assistant Secretary of State,
accepted a check from the American Asphalt Company for $10,000
for services rendered. Mr. Bowen has made his charges in
writing to the President.

April 27.—Minister Bowen will be ordered to return from Venezuela to substantiate his charges against Assistant Secretary of State Loomis.

April 29.—Mr. Loomis denies charges made by Mr. Bowen against him and files charges against Mr. Bowen.

W. W. Russell, American Minister to Colombia, succeeds Mr.
Bowen as Minister to Venezuela.

May 3.—J. J. Hill testifies before the Senate interstate Commerce Committee that Government control of railroad rates will be disastrous.

Federal Grand Jury subpœnas thirty representatives of the
Traffic Departments of different railroads to testify in the
Beef Trust investigation.

May 5.—The Federal Grand Jury for the District of New York begins an investigation of the Tobacco Trust’s business methods.

Attorney-General Moody holds that the Government can legally
regulate railroad rates.

Governor-General Davis stricken with fever. Secretary Taft
orders him to leave Panama and return home.

May 6.—President Roosevelt ends his hunting trip in Colorado and starts for Washington.

_General Home News_

April 9.—After a fight covering twenty years and costing millions of dollars, the Bell Telephone Company has been whipped by the rural lines in Iowa and forced to connect with them.

Several hundred sailors belonging to the North Atlantic
squadron desert at Pensacola.

April 10.—J. H. Hyde and W. H. McIntyre, of the Equitable Insurance Company, are seeking to intervene in the suit of Franklin B. Lord, a stockholder, for an injunction to restrain the officers of the company from carrying out the mutualization plan.

April 11.—The Grand Jury of Franklin County, Ky., returns four hundred true bills against the Standard Oil Company for failing to procure peddlers’ license as required by the Kentucky statutes.

The Prudential Committee of the American Board of Commissioners
for Foreign Missions formally accepts the gift of $100,000
from John D. Rockefeller and issues a statement explaining its
action.

April 13.—Father Schell, a young Catholic priest who has done much to put a stop to dishonest land agents swindling the Winnebago Indians, is assaulted and severely beaten.

April 14.—“General” Jacob S. Coxey, of “Coxey’s Army,” declared a bankrupt.

April 15.—J. H. Hyde admits using Equitable funds for underwriting purposes, but declares that President Alexander was a party to such transactions.

April 18.—Beef Trust again raises the prices of meats.

April 19.—General Managers and Agents of the Equitable meet in New York and ask Vice-President Hyde to withdraw from the society in the interest of harmony.

April 20.—Unloading 5,000,000 bushels of wheat on the Chicago market breaks the corner, and John W. Gates is supposed to have lost $2,000,000.

Mrs. Donald McLean, of New York, is elected President-General
of the Daughters of the American Revolution.

April 21.—Eleven thousand nine hundred and fifty-five immigrants arrive at Ellis Island in one day, establishing a new record.

Hyde refuses agents’ request to resign from the Equitable.

Policyholders in the Equitable ask the Circuit Court in Chicago
for a receiver and an accounting.

April 24.—Frank Bigelow, President of the First National Bank of Milwaukee, embezzles $2,400,000 of the bank’s funds.

April 26.—D. Le Roy Dresser sues the promoters of the United States Shipbuilding Company for $3,000,000, alleging fraud in its formation.

April 27.—Andrew Carnegie gives $10,000,000 to pension retired college professors.

April 28.—The strike of the teamsters in Chicago has developed into the worst since the famous Debs strike eleven years ago.

Judge Kohlsaat, in the Federal Court, grants a temporary
injunction against the strikers on the request of the
Employers’ Teaming Association.

April 29.—Laredo, Tex., wiped off the map by a cyclone.

May 3.—The American Railway Appliance Exhibition is formally opened at Washington.

The strike in Chicago continues.

May 4.—The Federal Grand Jury, at Jackson, Miss., indicts 300 for whitecapping, the specific charges being the intimidation of Government homesteaders.

Police of Chicago ask the Sheriff of Cook County to aid them in
quelling riots.

International congress of railways formally opened at
Washington by Vice-President Fairbanks.

May 5.—On account of the teamsters’ strike, a food and fuel famine is feared in Chicago.

May 6.—Employers in Chicago accuse the police of siding with the union men in the present strike.

The largest floating drydock in the world is completed at the
Maryland Steel Works yards for the United States Government.
The dock will be towed to the Philippines after it is tested.

May 7.—Twelve thousand and thirty-nine immigrants, chiefly Italians, reach New York.

_Russo-Japanese War_

April 8.—The Russian Baltic fleet, in command of Admiral Rojestvensky, reaches the China Sea.

April 11.—A battle expected between the fleets of Rojestvensky and Togo. Japan makes Formosa a naval base and closes the port of Kelung.

Tokio reports that Japan expects to have 1,000,000 men in the
field before November.

April 13.—The Russians strengthen Vladivostok and prepare for a long siege.

April 14.—The Russian hospital ship _Orel_, bearing the sick of Rojestvensky’s fleet, after taking on board coal, provisions and medical supplies, leaves Saigon, Cochin China.

Eighteen vessels of the Russian Baltic fleet enter Kamranh Bay,
Cochin China.

April 15.—Japanese say Togo will not attack the Russian fleet until he is confident of being able to annihilate it.

April 16.—Japan proclaims defense zones surrounding the Pescadore, Okinawa, Oshima and Emi islands.

Captured Japanese spies place the Japanese armies at 400,000
and the losses in Mukden battles at 100,000.

April 17.—The Russian fleet reported at Kamranh Bay taking on supplies.

April 18.—The Russian fleet reported off the Philippines and the Japanese near Sampaloc.

April 19.—Japan makes vigorous protest to France against the use of French ports by the Russians.

Situation in Manchuria unchanged. Occasional light skirmishes.
Japs victorious in small engagements along the Yalu.

Despatches from Harbin state that Chinese bandits have made
frequent attempts to cut the railroad.

April 20.—France assures Japan that she will remain neutral. Czar orders Rojestvensky to leave Kamranh Bay.

April 21.—France instructs her agents in Indo-China to assure the neutrality of France in Indo-Chinese waters.

Russian fleet leaves Kamranh Bay.

April 23.—The Russian Government places orders with the Krupps for 1,000 guns.

April 24.—The rainy season in Manchuria has increased the infectious cases in the Russian army.

The movements of both the Japanese and Russian fleets closely
guarded.

April 25.— Admiral Nebogatoff, in command of the second Russian Pacific squadron, reaches the China Sea to join forces with Rojestvensky.

The Russian General Staff gives the losses in the battle of
Mukden, from February 19 to March 19, as two generals, 1,985
staff and other officers, 87,677 men, of whom the greater
number were wounded; thirty-two guns and no siege artillery or
ammunition carts.

April 26.—Rojestvensky cuts the Hainan cable to conceal his movements.

April 27.—Rojestvensky’s fleet drawn up outside Kamranh Bay, awaiting the arrival of Nebogatoff’s division of the Russian Pacific squadron.

May 6.—Marshal Oyama extends his lines on the Russian right wing.

Russian torpedo boat destroyers sink a Japanese sailing vessel.

_General Foreign News_

April 8.—Four hundred persons are killed or wounded by the collapse of a reservoir in Madrid, Spain.

The Newfoundland Lower House passes a bill to exclude American
vessels from Newfoundland fisheries.

April 9.—The estimated number of lives lost in the earthquake in India is 15,000.

April 10.—Joseph H. Choate, the American Ambassador to Great Britain, has been elected a “Master of the Bench of the Middle Temple.”

April 11.—Captain Volpert, of the French army, has been arrested, charged with complicity in a military plot to overthrow the present regime.

Baron de Constant makes a speech in the French Senate in favor
of international military and naval disarmament.

Russian lawyers pass resolutions favoring a constitution and
universal suffrage.

April 12.—A congress of lawyers held at St. Petersburg sets on foot a movement to democratize the Russian Government.

Under the terms of a commercial treaty being negotiated between
Germany and Morocco, it is said Germany will gain the most
favored nation guarantees in Morocco.

April 13.—The Premier of Newfoundland inserts a clause in the anti-American fishing bill reserving the power of suspension. This was done on account of the pending Bond-Hay treaty.

All but one nation have accepted President Roosevelt’s
invitation to a second peace conference.

April 14.—The body of Admiral John Paul Jones is unearthed in Paris.

Czar of Russia consents to consider a savings bank and land
purchase scheme for the peasants.

The workers in the porcelain factories at Limoges, France,
have decided to strike. The factories are owned by Americans,
and they have raised the American flag over the factories to
protect their property.

April 15.—The French Chamber of Deputies adopts final clause of second section of bill separating state and church.

April 16.—General strike on all railroads in Italy.

Henry White, the new Ambassador to Italy, is received by King
Victor Emmanuel.

Laborers on sugar plantations in Porto Rico strike.

April 17.—Plans for the extension of zemstvo governments to Siberia and Finland have been inaugurated by the Czar of Russia.

April 18.—Negotiations begun for new treaty between Germany and China.

Fights between strikers and soldiers at Limoges, France. Three
strikers killed and ninety-eight soldiers wounded.

Troops fire on Italian railway strikers, killing three and
wounding many.

Russian Government gives large order for American submarine
boats.

Kaleieff, the assassin of Grand Duke Sergius, sentenced to
death.

Among a band of Terrorists arrested in St. Petersburg is a
niece of Governor-General Trepoff. She recently fired two shots
at her uncle.

Riot in San Juan, Porto Rico, between strikers and police.

April 19.—Italian Chamber of Deputies adopts a bill providing for government control of all railroads in Italy.

April 21.—The Italian Government promises reforms in railroad management and the strikers return to work.

April 22.—The Emperor and Empress of Germany, on the imperial yacht _Hohenzollern_, are cruising in the Adriatic. It is reported that the Emperor is in very bad health.

April 23.—Pope Pius X celebrates full mass before a large congregation.

The Emperor of Germany delivers Easter sermon on the imperial
yacht.

April 24.—On memorial of Wu Ting Fang, ex-Minister to United States, imperial edict makes sweeping reforms in Chinese criminal code.

April 25.—The Sultan’s troops have been defeated by the Arabs at Aden.

At Barisoff 2,000 Russian soldiers mutiny, smashing Red Cross
cars and pillaging shops.

April 26.—Charles M. Schwab is awarded contract to rebuild the Russian navy.

Many guns on British warships found to be worthless.

Germany ready to begin negotiations with the United States for
a new commercial treaty based on reciprocity.

April 27.—General Kolzoff appointed Governor-General of Moscow.

April 28.—Encounter between insurgents and gendarmes in the province of Kissamos excites Crete.

In the Cuban Senate President Palma discloses the fact that the
United States had intervened in behalf of American firms with
whom contracts had been made for sanitary work on the island.

May 3.—Trouble continues throughout Poland.

May 4.—In Warsaw the Socialists enforce the observance of a day of mourning for the victims of the May Day riots.

Cossacks fire on people attending Roman Catholic Church at
Lodz, killing seven persons.

May 5.—Mr. Choate, the American Ambassador to England, is given a farewell dinner at the Mansion House in London.

Zemstvo Congress opens in St. Petersburg.

May 6.—A plot discovered in Madrid, Spain, to make an independent state out of the territory of Cunani, Brazil.

Police break up congress of engineers in St. Petersburg.

May 7.—Tokio papers make bitter attack on France, alleging that France is violating her pledges of neutrality.

Despatch from Moscow states zemstvos have split over universal
suffrage.

_Obituary_

April 7.—Edward Floyd DeLancey, a New York lawyer and historian, dies, aged 83.

General Cullen A. Battle, of the Confederate army, aged 76.

April 9.—Miss Sarah Chauncey Wadsworth (“Susan Coolidge”), aged 60.

Chief-Justice Jesse Knight, of the Wyoming Supreme Court, aged
55.

April 10.—Judge Lawrence Weldon, of the United States Court of Claims, aged 76.

April 15.—General John Palmer, former Secretary of State of New York, aged 63.

Ex-Congressman Halbert E. Paine, of Wisconsin, aged 80.

April 21.—Senator O. H. Platt, of Connecticut, aged 78.

April 23.—Joseph Jefferson, one of the best known actors on the American stage, aged 76.

April 28.—General Fitzhugh Lee, soldier, statesman and diplomat, aged 68.

_The Paramount Issue_

“Ar-har!” wrathfully ejaculated the honest agriculturist, who had detected a gentleman of color in the act of embezzling sundry of his hens at the dead hour of night. “So I’ve ketched you, you infernal black rascal, have I? Well, now, what have you got to say for yerself?”

“What I has to say fuh muhse’f,” replied the colored brother, with overpowering dignity, “am a plenty, sah; and when I feels declined to say it, I sho’ly says it loud and coa’se! I may be black, sah, as yo’se’f has done specified, sah, and comin’ plumb down to the pinch I mought be infernal, and all dat; but I neber was one ob dese yeah moufy pussons, sah, dat am allus pow-powin’ about deirse’fs. Nussah! nussah! De question dat am digitatin’ de American people at de present time ain’ whedder I’s black or blue or green or yaller, sah, but what about de trusts?—dat’s de burnin’ prognostication, sah, _what about de trusts?_”

TOM WATSON’S MAGAZINE ADVERTISER

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Have You Had My Free Lesson in Jiu-Jitsu?

If you do not already know that Jiu-Jitsu is the most wonderful system of physical training and self-defense in the world to-day I invite you to write for my =FREE LESSON= and demonstrate this to your own satisfaction.

It is to the persistent practice of Jiu-Jitsu that the Japanese owe their courage and success in battle, their almost superhuman strength and power of endurance, their low death rate and their material progress. Surely a system of physical training which has done so much for the Island Nation will interest you. Jiu-Jitsu not only embodies the ideal principles of attaining perfect health and perfect physical development, but as a means of self-defense it is as potent at short range as the deadliest weapon. A knowledge of its self-preserving principles renders a man or woman impregnable to every form of vicious attack.

Jealously Guarded Secrets Revealed.

For over two thousand years the principles of Jiu-Jitsu have been religiously guarded. By an imperial edict the teaching of the system was forbidden outside of Japan. The friendly feeling, however, existing between Japan and the United States has been instrumental in releasing Jiu-Jitsu from its oath-bound secrecy, and I have been delegated to teach, without reserve, all the secrets of this ancient art to Americans.

I have just written an intensely interesting book which explains and makes clear the principles of Jiu-Jitsu in a manner which will never be approached by any American writer. So long as the edition lasts this book, together with my first lesson in Jiu-Jitsu, will be sent free to interested persons. The lesson is fully illustrated and teaches one of the most effective methods known for disposing of a dangerous antagonist.

If you desire to learn all the closely guarded secrets of this marvelous science send your name and address, and you will receive the book and specimen lesson by return mail, postage paid.

Address YAE KICHI YABE, 192T Realty Bldg., Rochester, N. Y.

* * * * *

YOU CANNOT AFFORD TO MISS A SINGLE COPY OF

THE ARENA

An Illustrated Review of Twentieth Century Thought

B. O. FLOWER, Editor

While THE ARENA discusses the great questions of the day in the domains of Ethics, Education, Religion, Philosophy, Science and Art, especial attention is given to

Political, Social and Economic Problems

as they relate in a vital way to the fundamental principles and demands of pure democracy.

A Few Notable Features of the JUNE Issue:

=Municipal Black Plague.= By RUDOLPH BLANKENBURG. The sixth of the series of papers on the corruption of politics in Pennsylvania.

=Our Commerce with Latin America.= By Prof. FREDERIC M. NOA.

=In Prison and in Exile: Experiences of a Russian Student.= Edited by WILLIAM LEE HOWARD, M.D.

=Juggling with Facts and Figures about Transportation; or, How the Railway Interests and their Special Pleaders are Seeking to Deceive the People.= By W. G. JOERNS.

=Rise, Mighty Anglo-Saxons!= By KATRINA TRASK (Mrs. Spencer Trask).

=Beauty and Light.= By KENYON WEST. A plea for a sane and wholesome drama.

=The Divorce Question: A Lawyer’s View.= By ERNEST DALE OWEN.

=Frederic Opper: A Cartoonist of Democracy.= One of the series of illustrated sketches of the leading cartoonists. By B. O. FLOWER.

=The Building of the City Beautiful.= A serial by JOAQUIN MILLER.

THE ARENA is one of the largest and handsomest original reviews of opinion in the English-speaking world. Each issue contains a number of full-page half-tones printed in sepia ink on India-tint paper. In addition to the regular contributions, there are several popular special departments, including Editorials, The Mirror of the Present, Book Studies, and Reviews of the best books of the day.

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Subscriptions, $2.50 Net a Year (Foreign Subscriptions, 12s. 6d.)

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